006119   Singh R;Mathew M;Garg S (Pathology Dep, Kasturba Medical Collge, Manipal) : Synchronous schwannoma - an unusual presentation. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 249.

006118   Siddaraju N;Mishra M M;Roy S K;Bundele M M; Jayanthi S (Pathology Dep, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (J, Pondicherry-605 006, Email: rajusiddaraju@yahoo.com) : Pseudoglandular pattern of basaloid cells in pilomatrixoma in the needle aspiration cytology. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 63-5.

A varied cytomorphology of pilomatrixoma often results in diagnostic dilemma. Here, we report a case of pilomatrixoma that presented with prominent gland like arrangement of basaloid cells on cytologic smears causing diagnostic problem. Clinical diagnosis in the present case was cervical lymphadenitis and the cytologic smears showed a strikingly varied morphology with few loose clusters of basaloid cells exhibiting pseudoglandular pattern. A possibility of metastatic carcinoma was considered. However, following histopathologic diagnosis of pilomatrixoma, when cytologic smears were reviewed, it was realized that the ghost cells were overlooked as anudeate squames. The case highlights the importance of careful clinical and cytologic interpretation of pilomatrixoma. Awareness of the cytomorphologic characteristics of ghost cells and their identification in cytologic smears is highly critical for an accurate diagnosis. A prominent basaloid cell component of pilomatrixoma with a pseudoglandular pattern, which has not been described earlier, may easily lead to a false positive diagnosis.

3 illus, 6 ref

006117   Shukla P K;Upadhya S;Binay Kumar;Thapliyal N; Saxena S R;Joshi D (NO, , 80, Kalesh Nagar, BHU-DLW Road, P.O. Sunderpur, Varanasi-221 005) : Presence of Hb S in Uttaranchal. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 70-4.

Haemoglobin-S has been reported in several studies on remote populations from various parts of India eg Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan and Malaysian Indians. Uttaranchal also has got scattered areas with people living in remote pockets due to its geophysical nature. There has been no previous report from this state about prevalence of Hb-S. In the present study on 38 individual eight were found to have Hb-S positivity by sickling test. In one of these electrophoretic confirmation was positive with demonstration of associated Beta thalassaemia. The group was a family of muslims in village Baghori near Haldwani. Due to technical, geographical and social restrictions further study could not be done. However, this study does establish the presence of Hb-S-Beta thalassaemia in Uttaranchal State for the first time. Follow up study in the affected area and elsewhere in the state might discover more of Hb-S positivity, other haemoglobinopathies and thalassaemias.

4 illus, 30 ref

006116   Shoba K L;Prakash C J;Gandhi N (NO, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Medical College, Karnataka) : Clinico pathological correlation of 100 cases of leprosy. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 255-6.

Leprosy is an age old disease known to mankind, India harbouring 64% of the cases world over The disease is relegated to neglect. Leprosy still needs the attention it deserves. Most often the disease is treated on clinical grounds alone. An attempt is made to highlight the importance of biopsy and clinico pathological correlation. One hundred untreated cases of leprosy attending Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore, were selected for study over a period of two years between 2004 to 2006. Detailed clinical history was taken supplemented by punch biopsy. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and modified fite farraco.

006115   Sharma M C;Mridha A R;Gulati S;Kalra V;Singh S;Bhatia R;Sarkar S (Pathology Dep, Pediatrics and Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi) : Role of histochemistry and electron microscopy in the diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathies. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 121-2.

Study the clinicopathological features of mitochondrial myopathies, usefulness of various oxidative stains for diagnosis, role of ultrastructural examination for diagnosis. All cases of mitochondrial nyopathies diagnosed in 2004- 2005, in the department of pathology A1IMS were retrieved. Clinical features were noted and various oxidative stains were reviewed. Different histochemical stains like NADH-TR, SDH and Cox with SDH, MAG and MGT were carried out. Tissue was also processed for ultrastrucrural examination by standard protocol and examined under Morgagni electron microscope. During a period of 2 years, 985 muscle biopsies were received in our department for various reasons. Of these 75 were suspected clinically as mitochondrial myopathies. But finally 17 were diagnosed as mitochondrial myopathies based on combination of clinical features, histochemistry and electron microscopy. Clinical features varied from classical syndromes to non-specific features. Of the histochemical stains, SDH and Cox with SDH abnormality was seen in all cases as compared to RRF fibres, which were present only in 10 cases. EM revealed numerous mitochondrial abnormalities like variation in size, shape, number and numerous abnormal inclusions. Of the histochemical stains, SDH and cox with SDH is the most useful for diagnosis as it gives better control for cox negativity. MGT is not of much help as reported in the literature. A combination of cox with SDH stain and EM is extremely useful in the diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy in the absence of genetic studies.

006114   Shah S;Shukla K;Patel P (Pathology Dep, B.J. Medical College, New Civii Hospital, Asarwa, Ahmedabad-380 016, Email: ameeshukla@yahoo.co.in) : Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of lung tumours- a study of 100 cases. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 56-8.

The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a diagnostic method in lung tumour as well as to determine the incidence of lung cancer in various age and sex group and in relation with smoking. Hundred cases of lung tumours were investigated. Out of 100 patients, 88 were male and 12 were female. The age of patients varies from 23-78 years most of the patient were in the age group of 50-70 years. The most common tumour was squamous cell carcinoma(45%) followed by adenocarcinoma(22%), small cell carcinoma(16%) and large cell carcinoma(8%). Eighty out of 100 patient had history of smoking. Diagnostic accuracy of cytology with final histopathological report was established with accuracy rate of 95%.

5 tables, 19 ref

006113   Saxena S;Chakraborty A;Agrawal U;Bansal A (NO, Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi) : Early onset breast cancer in Indian women - genetic susceptibility & Molecular profile. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 109.

109 ref

006112   Sahoo M;Sekhri T;Sundriyal J;Thakuri Singh (NO, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Delhi) : Aspiration cytology, thyroid hormone profile, anti peroxidase antibody, serum thyroglobulin. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 114-15.

006111   Reddy S;Kollur M;Kittur S K;Jakareddy R B; Yelikar B R (NO, Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Bijapur Karnataka) : Role of imprint cytology in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tract lesions and its correlation with histopathology. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 115.

Compares the accuracy of endoscopic biopsy imprint cytology with histology in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tract lesions. A total of 75 cases were studied over a period between 01-11-2004 and 01-05-2006. The endoscopic biopsy tissue was taken on a clean glass slide and rolled gently with a needle to make imprint smear. These imprint smears were immediately fixed with 95% alcohol and stained with H and E and PAP stain. After the imprint smears are made the same biopsy tissue was then transferred to a filter paper and put in 10% formalin for routine histopathological processing.Biopsy histology results were found to be correct in 100% cases. Imprint cytology had an overall diagnostic accuracy of 97.6%, 100% and 100% for lesions of esophagus, stomach and duodenum respectively. One false positive result was obtained in esophageal lesions. The combined diagnostic accuracy of imprint cytology & histology for all upper GI lesions was 100% Imprint cytology can be a useful and simple tool for an immediate diagnosis of GI endoscopic biopsies with a minimum risk of misdiagnosis. It should be used as an adjunctive measure to histopathology for maximum diagnostic accuracy.

006110   Ranjan A;Deshpande K A;Raghuwanshi S R;Pandya B S;Rachna B (Grant Medical College, , J.J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai) : Hailey-hailey disease a study of tow cases. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 254.

006109   Rahman M M;Kabir M;Shahidullah M (NO, , 8/B Indira Road, Tejgaon, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh, Email: aniq@citechco.net) : Participation of adolescents in household decision-making process in Bangladesh. Indian J community Med 2007, 32(2), 123-7.

The decision-making authority is one of the ways of measuring the female empowerment, although mere participation in any matter does not corroborate full empowerment of women. However, participation in decision-making process in household matters considers that a female is accounted in the family. The study investigated to the extent at which the female adolescents participated in decision-making process in household matters and assessed the factors influencing them in both rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. A quantitative and a qualitative study designs were adopted for the study. A cluster sampling technique was used to select the sample. A sample of 3362 female adolescents irrespective of their marital status was selected using a cluster sampling technique. To complement the results found in quantitative analysis, a series of focus group discussions were also conducted among the adolescents. Results: The analysis revealed that a large proportion of the study adolescents did not participate in any decision-making process in their household matters. Only about one-third (31.1%) of the adolescents participated in any household matter; however, the acceptance of their opinions was minimal. In spite of little participation of adolescents in family matters, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older adolescents aged 15-19 years, years of schooling, work status, and the family members with a positive attitude toward female education appeared to be the influencing factors for adolescent participation in household affairs (P <60> 0.05). The study concluded that gainful economic activities of adolescents and female education are the key elements for participation of female adolescents in different household matters.

2 tables, 9 ref

006108   Pruthvi D;Shashikala P;Kavita G U;Lingangowda Patil (NO, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Karnataka) : Eccrine gland adenocarcinoma. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 255.

006107   Prabha V;Singh N;Chopra P (Microbiology Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: satishvijay11@yahoo.com) : Bacteriological evaluation of conjunctiva, contact lens storage cases and solutions during contact lens wear. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 101-3.

A total of 90 subjects were investigated in this study, out of which 51 constituted the contact lens wearing group and 39 constituted the control group who had never worn contact lenses. Out of 51 contact lens wearing group, 41 were asymptomatic lens wearer subjects and 10 were symptomatic lens wearer subjects having some complications. All the subjects of contact lens wearing group had worn soft contact lenses on daily wear basis for a duration of 7 days to one year. In total 33 subjects were culture positive and remaining 57 culture negative. Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated equally from asymptomatic and control group, however, significantly more gram negative organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens were isolated from the symptomatic lens wearers. P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens could also be isolated from lens storage cases. S. marcescens was the organism most commonly isolated from the contact lens solutions. Further, the results showed that both P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens adhere to injured cornea only and not to normal cornea when microscopic study of adherence of bacteria to uninjured and injured ex vivo mouse corneas was done.

4 illus, 9 ref

006106   Pilli G S;Yenni V V (Pathology Dep, J.N. Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka) : Pilomatrix carcinoma. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 251.

006105   Pervatikar S K;Rao R;Dinesh U S (NO, , SDM CMSH (Sattur, Dharwad), Karnataka) : Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 256.

006104   Pattnaik K;Rath J;Mohanty P;Mohanty R (NO, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Orissa) : Staphylococal osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease - a rare presentation. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 249.

006103   Patil Y;D'costa G;Pandya B;Dua S (NO, Grant Medical College, Mumbai) : Spectrum of pediatric bone marrow trephine biopsies. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 161.

Analyzes the spectrum of pathological lesions encountered in the pediatric bone marrow trephine biopsy in a tertiary care hospital over a two and half year prospective period and correlate these findings with the peripheral smear and bone marrow aspirate findings. To study the age and sex distribution pattern and analyze the common presenting symptoms and signs. To classify the commonly encountered lesions. To correlate the clinical with the histopathological diagnosis and assess the contribution of histopathology to the final diagnosis and finally comparatively evaluate the contribution of bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy to the final diagnosis. A detailed clinical history was recorded on a proforma. A CBC, PS and hematological parameters like BT,CT, PT and platelet count was performed prior to the procedure, which was done utilizing Salah's aspiration needle and Jamshidi trephine biopsy needle. The biopsy was put in buffered formalin and routinely processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), special stains were used wherever necessary. The age and sex distribution pattern indicated that the maximum number of cases were in the older age group of 12-18 years 47.5% with a higher percentage of males 62.5%. Fever was the commonest symptom encountered 56.6% and pallor the commonest clinical sign recorded 93.3%. The majority of cases were of anemias 61.66%, followed by infections 11.66%. The majority of anemias were dimorphic anemias 60.81% followed by iron deficiency anaemia 13.51%. In the majority of cases 47.5%, the aspirate and biopsy both confirmed the clinical diagnosis and both the procedures were complementary to each other in 72.5% cases. Pediatric bone marrow trephine biopsies are a useful adjunct to aspiration biopsies and both are complementary to each other.

006102   Parulkar G;Goregaonkar R;Kane S V (NO, , Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra) : Diagnosing a merkel cell carcinoma - the challenges and pitfalls. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 256.

Determine the morphologic and immunohistochemical diagnostic criteria. Analyze prognostic indicators. All the cases accessioned at our innstitute from 1996 to 2006, reported as MCC, poorly defferentiated carcinoma or small round cell tumors presenting primarily in the skin were included. Histology was studied by two pathologists blinded to the clinical features results of ancillary studies and the initial diagnosis. A review was carried out after nothing ancillary studies & clinical details. Descriptive statistical tests and survival functions were used for analysis.

006101   Pandiyan S;Subramaniam M M;Shanthi P;Gopalan R;Rekha K;Senthamarai (Dr. ALMPGIBMS, Madras Univ, Tamil Nadu) : Hodgkins disease- study of a apoptosis and PCNA. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 133.

006100   Pai M R;Ramdas N;Kamath K R;Magar G D (NO, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka) : Myoepithelioma of soft tissue. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 247-8.

006099   Nath A;Naik V A (NO, , K-3/53, DLF City 2, Gurgaon, Haryana-122 002, Email: docanita2001@yahoo.com) : Profile of accidents in children less than five years of age belonging to a rural community in Belgaum district. Indian J community Med 2007, 32(2), 133-4.

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006098   Nandini N M;Sunila;Thomas Z T (NO, J.S.S Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka) : Role of cell block technique in CT guided FNACs (a two years study). Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 113-14.

studies the role of cell block technique in CT-guided FNAC (Fine needle aspiration cytology). Over a period of two years 170 cases of CT-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with cell blocks of the residue of the aspirates were taken for the study. The needles used were lumbar-puncture needles, (22 gauge) and thicker needles, (20 gauge) for bone lesions. Modified cell block technique using a combination of (95% ethanol, 10% formalin and 1% glacial acetic acid) in equal proportions as a fixative, followed by simple paraffin processing was used. CT guided FNAC's were done for different organs with deep seated lesions. The sites included were thorax (lung, mediastinum); abdomen (liver, colon, kidney, adrenals, para aortic lymphnodes and pancreas), bone (including spine, ribs, hip bone). The male to female ratio was 2.2:1 (125 to 51 cases). The age group of the cases ranged form 10 years to 86 years with maximum number of cases in the 6th decade. The sites aspirated were thorax 84 cases (49.4%), abdomen 46 cases (27.05%), bone 27 cases (15.88%), miscellaneous 13 cases (7.64%) of the 170 cases, 87 cases ( 51.17%) showed cell block deposits. Benign lesion were 10 cases (5.8%), malignancies 79 cases (46.4%), inflammatory were 44 (25.8%) and inconclusive 38 (22.35%) cases. A good correlation between FNACs and cell block was observed with an overall sensitivity of 93.8%, specificity of 100% and false negative rate (1.76%) and a diagnostic accuracy of 96.6%. This improved modified cell block technique helped to preserve excellent cytomorphologic features. It also helps to exercise optimal preservation of histochemical and immonocytochemical properties of the cells.

006097   Naik N;Mathai A M;Pai M R;Rai S (NO, Kasturba Medical College, Managalore, Karnataka) : Microwave histoprocessing versus conventional histoprocessing. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 110.

Compares the histologic quality of the microwave histoprocessing with that of conventional method and to determine its positive impact on turnaround times and reduction of costs of tissue processing. One eighty-five paired tissue sections from different organs were taken. Each tissue sections were of standard size of 15mmxlOmmx3mm and divided into two. One set of sections were labeled as experimental group and the other set as control group. The tissues in the experimental group were further divided into six groups and processed by vacuum microwave method according to six protocols from I to VI. Other tissues in the control group were processed by the conventional method and compared. Overall, the quality of microscopic tissue from the conventional processing and the microwave processing methods was extremely similar. Microwave processing substantially shortened the time from specimen reception to diagnosis without compromising the overall quality of the histologic section and was cost-effective. Microwave histoprocessing can replace the conventional histoprocessing as the routine technique for tissue preparation.

110 ref

006096   Moorchung N;Srivastava A N;Gupta N K;Malaviya A K;Achyut B R;Balraj M (NO, , Indian Army, Punjab) : Etiopathology of lymphoid follicles in chronic antral gastritis - a study from North India. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 108.

108 ref

006095   Moorchung N;Srivastava A N;Gupta N K;Achyut B R;Mittal B (Medical Genetics Dep, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Rae Bareilly, Lucknow-226 014, Email: bml_pgi@yahoo.com) : Histopathology of chronic gastritis. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 18-24.

Chronic gastritis is a multifactorial disorder thought to be influenced by bacterial and host genetic factors. Histopathological examination is the mainstay of diagnosis, however features like the presence of Helicobacter pylori are difficult to evaluate on biopsy. Evaluates 120 gastric antral biopsies using the revised Sydney system. The density of the inflammatory infiltrate, H pylori and mast cells were evaluated. It was seen that the presence of H pylori is strongly associated with an acute and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate. The presence of neutrophils on biopsy is strongly associated with the presence of H pylori and with the density and the grade of the chronic inflammatory infiltrate. The chronic inflammatory response is an intermediary between the acute inflammatory process and glandular atrophy. The lymphocytic infiltrate is also a precursor lesion of the lymphoid follicles. The presence of mast cells does not appear to be related to any of the other inflammatory parameters. The presence of one feature is a strong indicator for the presence of other inflammatory features.

4 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

006094   Mondal S K;Ghosh A K (NO, , 872 Rabindranath Tagore road, Bediapara, Dumdum, Kolkata-77, Email: dr_santoshkumar@hotmail.com) : Histopathological analysis of 150 enucleated eyes. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 11-14.

Enucleation or complete removal of eye is considered to be a mainstay of therapy for many end-stage diseases of eye. Aimes to determine the frequency and indications for enudeations perfomed at a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. A total of 150 enucleated eyes from 146 patients were analyzed. The formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections of all enucleated eyes were examined microscopically and histopathological analysis was done.In the present series, malignant tumours were most frequent indication of enucleation (64%) followed by ocular inflammation (14.7%), staphyloma(6.7%), trauma (5.3%), painful blind eye due to glaucoma (4%). Retinoblastoma,a malignant tumour emerged as commonest indication(52%). Three major indications for enucleation were malignant tumours, ocular inflammation and staphyloma altogether 92%.Malignant melanoma though commonest ophthalmic tumour requiring enucleation in many parts of the world was not very common in our studies comprising 18.7% of all malignant tumours.

3 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

006093   Mishra S;Pradhan P;Nayak J;Khan M A;Khalkho J (NO, VSS Medical College, Burla, Orissa) : Idiopathic calcinosis of scrotum. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 251-2.

006092   Mishra A;Behera S K;Choudhary A;Mishra D; Behera B (NO, , Plot No. 879-112, Sector 6, C.D.A. Bidanasi, Cuttack-753 014) : FNAC diagnosis of yolk sac tumor. Indian J Path Microbiol 0000, 50(1), 59-60.

Yolk sac tumor is the second most common germ cell tumor of the ovary. A nine year old female child presenting with a lower abdominal mass diagnosed as a yolk sac tumor on fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) is described. Ultrasonographically(USG) guided FNAC of the lesion revealed tight clusters and papillary fronds of cells associated with homogeneous acellular eosinophilic bodies. A preoperative diagnosis of this tumor is helpful in planning further diagnostic and therapeutic steps.

2 illus, 8 ref

006091   Mathur S;Dawar R;Verma K (Pathology Dep, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029, Email: lcverma@vsnl.com) : Diagnosis and grading of non-hodgkin's lymphomas on fine needle aspiration cytology. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 46-50.

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) enjoys popularity among clinicians worldwide, as a first line of investigation in all patients with lymphadenopathy and is preferred over biopsy because of its minimally invasive nature and cost-effectiveness. Although non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are conventionally diagnosed and graded on biopsy specimens, it may be useful to be able to not only diagnose but also grade these cases on FNAC smears. The WHO and REAL classifications forming the basis of treatment in some centres rely on clinical features, immunocytochemistry and cytogenetics, which are beyond reach of most centres in the developing countries. This study therefore is aimed at diagnosing and grading NHLs on morphological parameters. The cytologic grading accuracy is compared with the histologic grades assigned according to the International Working Formulation (IWF) system which relies solely on morphological features, most important of which is cell size. Ninety five cases were retrieved over a 3 year period (May 2000 to April 2003). These were (i) cases where a cytological diagnosis of NHL or suspicious of NHL was made and corresponding histological sections available and (ii) cases where a diagnosis of NHL was made in histology and corresponding FNAC smears were available irrespective of the cytological diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for NHLs was determined using histology as the gold standard. Cases were also graded on FNAC smears using a three tier grading system based upon cell size into low, intermediate and high grades. Cytologically assigned grades were correlated with the corresponding histological grades (IWF) to determine grading accuracy. An accurate diagnosis of NHL was thus possible in 67/95 (70.5%) cases. Overall accurate grading was seen in 65/95 (68%) cases using cytological criteria. Accurate cytologic grading was possible in 14/15 (93.33%) low grade, 11/18 (61.11%) intermediate and 40/62 (64.5%) high grade non Hodgkin's lymphomas. Kappa statistics revealed a very good agreement between cytological and histological grades for low grade NHL. The kappa scores for intermediate and high grade NHLs indicated moderate agreement. Using the two-tier system grading the kappa value for high grade lymphomas improved to 0.72, indicating good concordance. This study highlights the utility of FNAC as a morphological tool for diagnosing and grading NHLs in a significant number of cases. This modality may assist clinicians in management of cases of NHLs, especially in centres working within the constraints of limited availability or non availability of ancillary techniques.

3 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

006090   Mathur N;Rastogi S K;Kesavachandran C;Agarwal G G (Epidemiology Div, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, MG Road, Lucknow-226 001, Email: subhodhrastogi@yahoo.com) : Prediction models for peak expiratory flow rates in North Indian male population based on ordinary and weighted least square estimation. Curr Sci 2007, 93(7), 959-67.

Study was carried out to establish physiological norms (best regression equation) to predict peak expiratory flow values among the North Indian male population with a statistically appropriate model. The study aims to establish the best statistically sound multiple regression model for predicting peak expiratory flow rate in the North Indian healthy population considering age, height and weight as predictor variables. One hundred and thirty-seven normal male subjects aged between 20 and 69 years, who had come from different parts of Lucknow to attend a science exhibition, India were selected for the study. The ordinary least square multiple regression model was used for the study. Residuals in this model were heteroskedas-tic. Therefore, the model proposed by Prasad et al. and the weighted least square models were also used for the study. All the models were compared statistically. The proposed weighted least square model was found to be best fitting model, which had minimum residual standard deviation, maximum explained variation and most precise regression coefficient estimates.

4 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

006089   Mardi K;Sharma J (NO, , 12-A, Type V Quarters, GAD Colony, Kasumpti, Shimla, H.P, Email: kavitamardi@yahoo.co.in) : Fine needle aspiration cytology of breast carcinoma with neuroendocrine features- a case report with histopathological and immunohistochemical correlation. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 63-8.

Cytohistological and immunohistochemical features of a rare case of breast carcinoma with diffuse neuroendocrine features occurring in an elderly female patient is reported. Cytology demonstrated predominantly single and loose clusters of monomorphic plasmacytoid tumor cells that possessed moderate amounts of basophilic cytoplasm with eccentrically placed nuclei. These cells were also showing conspicuos rosette like formations . Histological examination showed a typical endocrine pattern with organoid nests and ribbons of well differentiated monomorphic cells with frequent pseudorosette formation resembling carcinoid tumor of gastrointestinal tract. Neuroendocrine differentiation was confirmed by immunohistochemical positivity for neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin and chromagranin.

4 illus, 10 ref

006088   Malathi J;Shyamala G;Varghese Feeba;Lily Therese K;Madhavan H N (NO, L & T Microbiology Research Center, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College, Road, Chennai-600 006, Email: drhnm@snmail.org) : Optimization of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for increasing its sensitivity to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae specific genome. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 104-6.

Being an intracellular parasite, Chlamydia pneumoniae disseminates to organs outside the respiratory tract and causes chronic diseases in human. Nucleic acid-based method such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as diagnostic test has greater sensitivity and specificity than conventional microbiological techniques. The PCR protocol consisting of touchdown technique to detect C. pneumoniae DNA using major outer membrane protein gene (MOMP) was carried out in our laboratory as described in reference paper, but analytical sensitivity reported in it was not reproducible. Hence, the PCR was optimized after modifications in annealing temperature and magnesium ion concentrations. First round PCR profile with annealing at 56°C for 8 cycles followed by 32 cycles with annealing temperature maintained at 54°C and second round profile modified with annealing temperature maintained at 49øC had resulted in 3-fold increase in clinical sensitivity. Highlights the importance of optimization of PCR in laboratory settings.

1 illus, 1 tables, 9 ref

006087   Mahadevan A;Suja M S;Madhusudana S N;Sagar C; Santosh V;Yasha T C;Shankar S K (Neuropathology Dep, National Institute of Mental, Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore) : On the death trail of rabies: tracking the footprints of the virus. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 120.

The pathogenesis of diverse symptomatology and wide variation in incubation period (IP) of rabies encephalitis remains an enigma. To understand the evolution of the disease, histological changes and neuroanatomical distribution of rabies viral antigen were correlated with incubation period (interval between dog bite to onset of symptoms) Histopathology, localization of rabies viral antigen by immunochemistry and ultra-structure of viral inclusions in 10 cases of human rabies encephalitis with varying IP (15days-4yrs) were analysed. At short IP (15 days), inflammation, microglial reaction and neuronophagia were inconspicuous. With longer IP (6mon-2yrs), microglial response and neuronophagia increased, being maximal at 4 yrs. Negribodies were rare at short IP and prominent at long IP (1-4 yrs). Distribution of viral antigen varied markedly with highest antigen load and widespread distribution in all areas seen at long IP (7mon - 4 yrs). At short IP, viral antigen was restricted to the critical areas of brain stem, basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus. Ultrastructurally, compaction of viral proteins to form classical Negri bodies was seen at long IP reflecting quiescence of viral replication. Early involvement of critical areas like brain stem and reticular formation is responsible for early death and short IP. Caudo-cranial migration of the virus and replication with periods of quiescence may account for varied IP.

006086   Latha J;Channagin F;Premalatha S;Kumar R V; Appaji L (Pathology and Pediatric Oncology Dep, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka) : Fetal rhabdomyoma. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 249-50.

006085   Kushwah S S;Mittal A (NO, , E-2, SS Medical College Campus, Rewa-486 001, Email: kushwah_ss@teacher.com) : Perceptions and practice with regard to reproductive health among out-of-school adolescents. Indian J community Med 2007, 32(2), 141-3.

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006084   Kumudini Devi;Mohanty P;Mohanty L;Bhuyan P; Mishra A;Hazra K (Pathology Dep, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Orissa, Email: titoon@rediffmail.com) : Cytodiagnosis of granular cell tumor. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 61-2.

A young male aged 28 years presented with a subcutaneous nodule in the left arm. Fine needle aspiration diagnosis was bening granular cell tumor which was confirmed by histopathology. Since it is an uncommon tumor, of controversial histogenesis, it is being reported.

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006083   Kumar S;Kataria S P;Arora B;Singh G;Rattan K N;Rattan S (Pathology Dep, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Rohtak, Haryana) : Cutaneous neuroblastoma a cytomorphological diagnosis. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 252-3.

006082   Kumar M;Pradhan B P;Nayak J;Khan M A;Khalkho J (NO, VSS Medical College, Burla, Orissa) : Histomorphological gastro-intestinal tumors-a five years study. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 228.

Objective is to know the incidence, type and biological behaviour of the gastrointestinal tumors sent for histopathological study. 168 specimens received from June 2001 to 2006, were evaluated out of which stomach specimen 59, small intestine 9 and colon100. The age of the patients ranged from 3.5 years to 83 years. Male female ratio was 1.8:1. Out of 168 cases, epithelial tumors constituted 92.8% and mesenchymal 5.9%. Incidence of malignancy in surgically resected specimen was found to be more compared to benign tumors due to its biological behavior. Gastro intestinal malignancy is the most common malignancy in males, next to pulmonary malignancy. The epithelial tumors out number the mesenchymal ones due to their its cell turn over and challenge to various agents.

006081   Kumar A;Rout P;Correa M;Khilpadi A (NO, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka) : Two rare eggs in a basket!. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 250-01.

006080   Kulothungan K;Shanthi A V;Hemalatha (NO, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Naidu) : A case of ganglioneuroblastoma. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 250.

006079   Kotasthane D S;Joshi S;Nagle S B;Soman S V; Gawade S (NO, MIMER Medical College, Talegaon (Dabhade), Pune) : Retroperitoneal liposarcoma(16 kg). Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 248.

006078   Kinra P (Pathology Dep, , 7 AF Hospital, Kanpur) : Hepatitis-A induced non infantile giant cell hepatitis. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 258.

006077   Kini U;Aithal V;Jayaseelan E (Pathology & Dermatology Dep, St John's Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore) : Role of direct immunofluorescence (DIF) on tzanck smears in pemphigus vulgaris. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 254-5.

006076   Khalkho J;Sahu S (NO, VSS Medical College, Burla, Orissa) : Endometrial aspiration cytology in abnormal uterine bleeding. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 112.

Evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of endometrial aspiration cytology in abnormal uterine bleeding. 150 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were aspirated by VABRA aspirator. Smears were fixed in 95% alcohol and stained by Papanicolau stain, 121 cases were available for histopathological correlation. Five cases had scanty aspirates and were excluded from the study. Out of 150 aspirates 121 cases were available for histo-pathological correlation. Overall accuracy rate was 83.4%, false negative rate 14.8% and false positive rate was 2.06%. The accuracy rate in proliferative endometrium 87.5%, secretory 73.9%, hyperplasia 93.7% and carcinoma 70%. Use of endometrial aspiration cytology for routine screening of patient is a step forward for early detection of endometrial lesions which were usually missed in cervical smear.

112 ref

006075   Khageshan A P;Andola S K (NO, M.R. Medical College, Gulbarga, Karnataka) : Nuclear grading of malignant breast aspirates by simplified black grading system. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 115-16.

Evaluates the role of FNAC in nuclear grading of malignant breast aspirates by simplified Black system. The shady was carried out on 76 cases diagnosed as duct carcinoma by FNAC in the department of pathology, M.R. medical college, Gulbarga during a period of 2 years. Pertinent clinical details were obtained and slides stained for both Papanicolaou's and Giemsa stains. Nuclear grading by simplified Black system performed. Nuclear uniformity was maintained in 23 cases (30.26%) and anisonucleosis in 53 cases (69.74%). Nucleus was small in 13 cases (17.11%) and large in 63 cases (82.89%). Chromatin was fine in 25 cases (32.80%) and clumped in 51 cases (67.11%). Prominent nucleoli was seen in 26 cases (34.21%) and present but not prominent in 50 cases (65.79%). Mitosis evaluation revealed <60>3/10hpf in 51 cases (67.11%) and <62>3/10hpf in 25 cases (32.89%). Final nuclear grading revealed low grade in 31 cases (40.79%) and high grade in 45 cases (59.21%) and correlated with other studies. Nuclear grading doesn't require 'special procedures and incurrs no additional costs, yet provides most important factor in selecting patients for neo-adjuvant therapy.

006074   Kataria S P;Mahajan A;Pal R A G K;Tiwari S (NO, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Ferozepur, Punjab) : Extra-osseous solitary plasmacytoma. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 248-9.

006073   Kakkar N (Pathology Dep, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana-141 008, Email: n_kakkar@satyam.net.in) : Quantitative buffy coat (QBC) method for malaria screening. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 92.

3 ref

006072   Joshi D;Gangane N;Anshu (Pathology Dep, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra) : Unusual histological presentation in neurofibromas: a report of 2 cases. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 250.

006071   Jane R R;Pawar S A (Microbiology Dep, S.G.B. Amravati Univ, Amravati, Maharashtra) : Prevalence and antibiogram of different organisms isolated from different sources of drinking water. Asian J envir Sci 2007, 2(1-2), 37-9.

Enterobacteriacae are ubiquitous organistns found in humans, animals and insects. The water borne diseases are typically caused by enteric pathogens like E.coli, Citrobacter, Proteus and Salmonella which are mainly excreated in faeces by infected individuals and ingested by other in the form of faecally contaminated water. Water borne diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In study (2006-07) 501 drinking water samples from various sources such as railway station, saline belt and household water were analyzed by standard MPN test. Out of these 95 E.coli, 53 Salmonella typhi, 76 Proteus vulgaris and 55 Citrobacter freundii were isolated and identified, isolated E-coli and Salmonella typhi showed resistance to novobiocin, cefaclor, erythromycin, nitroflurantoin. Citrobacter freundii and Proteus vulgaris showed resistance to novobiocin and amoxyclav. Thus finding recommended that amikacin, piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin are the best choice of drugs to E.coli and Salmonella typhi and gatifloxacih, zithromycin, cefepime, chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone are the best choice for Proteus vulgaris and Citrobacter freundii.

4 tables, 7 ref

006070   Jaganmohan S J (NO, Kilpauk Medical College, Tamil Nadu) : A accuracy of respiratory cytology for cancer diagnosis. Indian J Path Microbiol 2007, 50(1), 258.