005020   Sharma R;Amarjeet Kaur;Dhawan S K (Physics and Astrophysical, Delhi Univ, Delhi-110 007, Email: skdhawan@mail.nplindia.ernet.in) : Synthesis and characterization of poly(O-methoxy aniline)and its copolymer for electrochromic device energy applications. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(5), 316-19.

Poly(o-methoxy aromatic amine) and its copolymer PTSA-doped poly(3-ABSA-co-OMAA) were synthesized by both chemical oxidation as well as electrochemical method in the presence of external dopant p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). The synthesis of the homopolymer and copolymer poly(3-ABSA-co-OMAA) was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The growth of the electrochemically synthesized samples has been investigated by cyclic voltammogram and chronoamperometry studies for their applications to the electrochromic devices. Both the samples show switching behaviour. The electrochromic switching stability of both devices has been calculated from switching times between their oxidized and reduced states. It has been observed that ECDs based on o-methoxy aromatic amines are promising candidates for electrochromic devices.

7 illus, 17 ref

005019   Saranya P L;Prasad D S V V D;Niranjan K;Rama Rao P V S (Physics Dep, Govt College for Women, Srikakulam-532 001, Email: lalithasaranyap@gmail.com) : Short term variability in foF2 and TEC over low latitude stations in the Indian sector. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2015, 44(1), 14-27.

Since the ionosphere is a typical embedded plasma dominated region of the thermosphere, it may be of interest and relevance to study the association between the two different measured quantities, namely the peak electron density of the F2 layer (foF2) or the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere and thermospheric parameters. Both these parameters show a large variability during quiet and disturbed conditions as well as during the low and high sunspot periods. Simultaneous TEC (GPS) and foF2 (ionosonde) data obtained at a low latitude station, Waltair (17.72°N, 83.32°E) and a station, located at the inner-edge of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), Delhi (28.58°N, 77.21°E) during the low sunspot period 2004-2005 (mean Rz = 38.55) have been considered for the present study. The Daubechies class of continuous wavelet analysis has been used in the present study to observe the variability in time. To test the efficacy of the correlation between the variability of foF2 and TEC, the cross correlation analysis has been made. An anti-correlation between the variability of foF2 and TEC is observed around noon hours over Waltair. The relative deviation (%) of day- to-day variability between foF2 and TEC is within the inter quartile range of 40.

11 illus, 31 ref

005018   Saini P;Choudhary V (Polymeric and Soft Materials section, CSIR National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110 012, Email: pksaini@nplindia.org) : Structural, spectral and thermal properties of bulky organic sulfonic acids doped polyanilines and antistatic performance of its melt blend. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(5), 320-7.

Aniline has been polymerized in the presence of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA), camphorsulfonic acid (CSA), ligninsulfonic acid (LSA) and cardanolazophenylsulfonic acid (CDSA) by emulsion route to form doped polyanilines (PANIs) designated as PDB, PCS, PLS and PCD, respectively. FTIR spectra and XRD patterns of samples confirm the formation of PANIs in doped emeraldine salt form. The UV-Visible spectra show that doping level increases in the order PCD <60> PLS <60> PCS <60> PDB which is in good agreement with electrical conductivity values. The TGA results show that all samples have thermal stability in excess of greater than 230°C which is more than the melt processing temperatures (T_p) of thermoplastics like low density polyethylene (LDPE, T_p<126>150-160°C) or polypropylene (PP, T_p<126>210-220°C), suggesting that these materials could be processed via melt blending route. It was observed that melt blended LDPE film containing 1.5 wt% PDB passes the antistatic criteria with static decay time <60>2 s.

7 illus, 54 ref

005017   Mosaddad S M;Ganj M;Parsaeemehr E (Faculty Member of Physics Group, Islamic Azad Univ, Shoushtar Branch, Shoushtar, Iran, Email: mosaddad5@gmail.com) : Simulation of turbulence in northern part of the Persian Gulf in vicinity of thermocline. Ecol Envir Conserv 2015, 21(1), 9-14.

In the present study, authors present evidence of a clear coupling between thermocline and turbulence in northern part of the Persian Gulf (PG). A mechanism for generating the turbulence observed on the thermocline sheets is established by running a turbulence closure through the POM (Princeton Ocean Model). Turbulence kinetic energy increasing will be resulted from winter to summer due to thermo cline development in northern part of the PG. That is, the static stability of the sheet is sufficient to restrain any instability due to the shear across it at that instant. As we know, thermo cline is the place of strong stratification and so internal waves exist there. These waves propagate through thermo cline layer formed underwater due to density gradients. This paper studies these phenomena in the PG with the data collected in 1992 on the basis of Mt. Mitchell cruise during 100 days during 100 continuous days from Feb. till Jul. 1992 and running the turbulence closure through POM (Princeton Ocean Model). In fact, turbulence can be produced by factors like climatologically, water exchange and bottom stress and so could propagate through thermo cline. This paper, present results from model running (POM) that show evidence of coupling between the turbulent velocity fields and the thermo cline. It also shows evidence of relation between bottom stress and the turbulent fields.

6 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

005016   Mishra A;Ninama S (School of Physics, Vigyan Bhavan Devi Ahilya Univ, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore (MP)-452 001, Email: mishraa1960@yahoo.in) : Mossbauer, x-ray near edge and x-ray diffraction studies on Cu-Ni ferrites. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(6), 367-70.

In the present paper, the study on the Cu_1-xNi_x Fe₂O₄ (x= 0.00, 0.05, 0.10) samples has been carried out. These samples were synthesized by the solid-state root method. The samples have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). XRD analysis revealed single phase and tetragonal structure of samples, while Mossbauer spectroscopy showed how to determine the site preference of the substitution and their effect on the hyperfine magnetic field. The X-ray near edge (XANES) technique has been used to determine oxidation state of copper and it also gives very precise information about the parameters like chemical shift. The structural knowledge and magnetic properties of materials have also been interpreted using the two other techniques mentioned in the present paper. The XAFS spectra have been recorded at the Dispersive EXAFS beamline (BL-8) at Indus-2 synchrotron radiation source, RRCAT, Indore, India. The normalized μ (E) data is obtained for all samples at the K absorption edge of Cu-Ni ferrites.

3 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

005015   Medhi A;Devi M;Goswami H;Barbara A K (Physics Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014, Email: alaka.medhi05@gmail.com) : Atmospheric turbulences over Guwahati and their association with tropospheric dynamics. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2015, 44(1), 35-44.

The paper presents an analysis of structure constant parameter (Cn^{2) over Guwahati (26.2°N, 91.75°E) in relation to tropospheric dynamics involving atmospheric variabilities, like temperature, potential temperature and specific humidity. Data collected from radiosonde operated at Guwahati are utilised for drawing seasonal profiles of Cn2 up to the tropopause height. The results show that depending on season, the average values of Cn2 may vary between 10--14.5 and 10-19 m-2/3 and that their magnitude decreases gradually to reach a minimum of -18.3 m-2/3 at around 10 km and then starts increasing up to the tropopause height of 15-16 km. The analysis, further, demonstrates that Cn2 value reaches maximum in summer and minimum in winter, within the height range of 1-10 km. But beyond the altitude of 10 km, Cn2 shows higher values in winter as compared to its summer time counterparts. The paper also highlights that at pre earthquake (EQ) ambiences, this parameter may dip down by two to three orders of magnitude from its average normal range. The seasonal transition pattern of Cn2 with height and the EQ time changes in Cn2 features are put to a correlative analysis with the tropospheric dynamics for an explanation.}

10 illus, 24 ref

005014   Karar N;Sivaiah B (NO, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi-110 012, Email: nkarar@mail.nplindia.ernet.in) : Some unique properties of nanocrystalline metal alloys. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(6), 395-8.

The remarkable modification in physical, magnetic and other consequent properties of certain ternary alloys using two representative alloy systems eg. (Ni-Cu-Al) and (Ni-Fe-Ti) nanoparticles in different concentration ranges by correlating changes in their properties with grain size, alloying composition have been studied. A sharp decrease in ferromagnetism maintaining the higher crystalline (eg. cubic) symmetry with grain size and alloying has been observed. Both of these alloys show phase transitions, whose transition temperatures are lowered as compared to similar "bulk" compositions. Such phenomenon is attributed to reduction of effective number of spins per grain upon nanostructure formation and associated change in type of crystalline phase. Representative work on maintaining such observed nano related properties in the bulk regime as a proof of concept method is also stated. These alloys in powder form have also shown a high degree of EM radiation absorption in the GHz range, possibly as a consequence of their observed magnetic properties.

4 illus, 9 ref

005013   Kacar F;Yesil A;Gurkan K (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, Istanbul Univ, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: fkacar,abdullah.yesil,kgurkan@Istanbul.edu.tr) : Design and expeeriment of VDCC -based voltage mode universal filter. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(5), 341-9.

In the present paper, configurations of the three new voltage-mode universal biquad filters are presented. The first filter is three-inputs single-output (TISO) filter which can realize all the five standard types of biquadratic functions in voltage-mode that is low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop and all-pass filter with single VDCC. The second filter has single-input and dual-output, which can also simultaneously realize the high-pass and band-pass filter functions. The third circuit is universal filter with single-input and dual-output, which can simultaneously realize low-pass and band-pass filters. Simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis. The presented biquad filters are simulated using TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm technology. To realize TISO filter with discrete elements VDCC block experimentally generated with operational transconductance amplifier, OPA860. Experimental results of the filter agreed well with the theoretical analysis and SPICE simulations.

19 illus 27 ref

005012   Jayanthi D D;Christi R M;Maniyan C G (Physics Dep, Women's Christian College, Nagercoil-629 001, Email: d.devajayanthi@gmail.com) : Natural radioactivity measurement ini wetlands bordering the hillocks of western ghats, Kanya Kumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. Pl Archs 2015, 15(1), 509-12.

This paper deals with the estimation of natural radioactivity levels in soil (sediment), plants and water samples of three different wetlands, where the soil and sediment were used as building material and the plant and the water were consumed by cattle grown by the residents of the pond area. The water is also consumed by human beings of this area. The activity profile of radionuclides shows low activity across the study area. Radiation hazard indices like radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, external hazard index and internal hazard index were calculated. All the calculated hazard indices are well below their recommended limits. The soil and sediment from the study area provide no excessive exposures for inhabitants and can be used as the building materials without having any threat to the population. The water and the plants are also not having any radiation dose through ingestion.

3 tables, 14 ref

005011   Jaishree D;Kanchana G;Kesavasamy R (Physics Dep, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641 010) : Synthesis, growth and characterization of magnesium sulphamate - a promising non-linear optical crystal. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(6), 404-8.

Single crystals of magnesium sulphamate, a promising non-linear optical crystal were synthesized and grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation method at room temperature. The powder X-ray diffraction and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of new crystal. The crystals were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) to reveal their chemical composition. The functional groups were analyzed by FT-IR and FT-Raman techniques. The optical transmission region was analyzed by UV-Vis-NIR studies. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies showed the thermal behaviour of the grown crystal. The non-linear optical (NLO) property of the crystal was tested by Nd-YAG laser as a source.

7 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

005010   Hajivaliei M (Physics Dep, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran, Email: mhaji65@gmail.com) : Using electrical arc discharge method to prepare Ag-Tio₂ nanoparticles and study its photocatalytic activity. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(5), 311-15.

A simple, inexpensive and one-step synthesis route of Ag-TiO₂ nanoparticles by arc discharge method has been reported. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrate dominance of rutile to anatase phase in TiO₂ and formation of silver metal onTiO₂ after arc discharge process. Scanning electron microscopy images exhibit the increase of reduced nanoparticles in 5 min arc duration as compared with 1 min arc duration. Photodegradation of methyl orange as a standard pollutant shows that the presence of silver in TiO₂ was found to enhance the photocatalytic activity. The high activity of silver doped TiO₂ is due to the enhancement of electron-hole separation by the electron trapping of silver particles.

5 illus, 20 ref

005009   Dubinin N (NO, Ural Federal Univ, 19 Mira st., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia, Email: ned67@mail.ru) : Self-diffusion coefficients of liquid alkali metals described by the square-well model within the mean sperical approximation. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(6), 392-4.

The square-well (SW) model in the semi-analytical modification of the mean spherical approximation (MSA) is used for calculating the self-diffusion coefficients of liquid sodium and potassium in the linear trajectory approximation. The results obtained are found to be in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data and show that a good quantitative description of diffusion properties for liquid metals in the SW-MSA approach can be achieved at the same values of the SW parameters that lead to a good description of their structure characteristics.

2 tables, 34 ref

005008   Das B B;Potu V;Ruppa G R (Functional Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Dep, Pondicherry Univ, Puducherry-605 014, Email: das_b_b@yahoo.com) : Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic studies of ZnY₂O₄ oxide. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(6), 399-403.

ZnY₂O₄ oxide is prepared by sol-gel method via nitrate-citrate route. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) study shows orthorhombic unit cell with lattice parameters: a = 10.8290 armstrung, b = 7.4518 armstrung, c = 6.0985 armstrung, space group Pccn and Z=4. Average crystallite sizes determined by Scherrer relation are found to be <126>26-59 nm showing the formation of nanopaticles in the oxide. On Rietveld refinement of the unit cell structure, the agreement factors are lowered to: R_p=97.02%, R_wp=95.91% and R_exp=0.23%. The selected bond lengths are: Y₂-O₁: 3.7389 armstrung, Y₁-O₂: 3.0492 armstrung, Y₂-O₃: 2.1847 armstrung and Zn-O₁: 1.4088 armstrung, Zn-O₂: 3.7035 armstrung, Zn-O₃: 2.2777 armstrung. Formation of hysteresis loop in the range from-7.0 kG to +7.0 kG indicates the soft ferromagnetic nature of ZnY₂O₄ at 300 K. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows the valence band (VB) is spread over the range <126>-9.0 to 0.0 and comprises mainly of O 2p and Y 4p, 4d, 5s orbitals, and the conduction band (CB) in the range from <126>0.0 to 3.0 eV and comprises mainly of Y 4s, 4p and 4d orbitals. Very low value of energy band gap <126>0.011 eV indicates weak semiconducting nature of ZnY₂O₄.

7 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

005007   Chauhan S;Singh K;Kuldeep Kumar (Chemistry Dep, H P Univ, Shimla-171 005, Email: chauhansuvarcha@rediffmail.com) : Acoustic studies on anionic surfactant with sugars in aqueous media at different temperatures. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(6), 376-91.

The density (d) and speed of sound (v) for an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in the concentration range (1-14) mmol.dm^{-3 in aqueous solutions of sugars (fructose and maltose) at 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K, have been measured. The experimental data have been used to estimate various derived acoustical parameters such as intermolecular free length (L_f), relative association (RA), specific acoustic impedance (z), molar sound number (U), molar volume (V_m), Wada's constant (W) and Rao's constant (R_m), and some excess properties like excess molar volume (V_mE), excess isentropic compressibility (kE_s) and excess free length (LE_f).L_f values decrease but at the same time RA values increase with the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Comparatively, L_f values are found to be higher in aqueous fructose than maltose solutions. The variation of all these parameters have been interpreted in terms of various intermolecular interactions such as strong, weak, charge transfer, complex formation and hydrogen bonding interactions occurring in the ternary system. A good to excellent correlation between a given parameter and concentration of SDS/sugars is observed for all the studied systems.}

4 illus, 6 tables, 27 ref

005006   Chaudhary S;Pradeep Kumar (Mathematics Dep, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302 017, Email: d11.santosh@yahoo.com) : Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow past a porous stretching surface with heat generation. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(5), 291-7.

A general analysis has been developed to study the two-dimensional, laminar flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting fluid near a stagnation point of a stretching sheet through a porous medium with heat generation in the presence of a magnetic field. The governing boundary layer equations have been transformed to ordinary differential equations by using suitable similarity variables. The solutions of momentum and energy equations have been obtained independently by a perturbation technique for a small magnetic parameter. The effects of various parameters such as magnetic parameter, porosity parameter, stretching parameter, Prandtl number, Eckert number and heat generation coefficient for velocity and temperature distributions along with local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number have been studied in detail through graphical and numerical representations.

5 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

005005   Budboonchu J;Pukkalanun T;Tangsrirat W (Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, Email: drworapong@yahoo.com) : Resistorless voltage-mode first-order allpass section using single current controlled conveyor transconductance amplifier. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(5), 335-40.

This paper presents an alternative configuration for realizing a canonical voltage-mode first-order allpass (AP) section with electronic tuning. The proposed circuit is composed of only one CCCTA and one floating capacitor, which results in a simple and resistorless structure. Its phase response can be adjusted electronically through the external dc bias currents of the CCCTA. Simulation results based on 0.35 μm BiCMOS process parameters with ± 0.75 V supply voltages are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed AP section.

10 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

005004   Arora G;Mund H S;Heda N L;Ahuja B L (Physics Dep, Geetanjali Institute of Technical Studies, Udaipur-313 001, Email: blahuja1961@gmail.com) : Electronic structure and cohesive properties of GaN. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(5), 328-39.

The first-ever Compton profile of GaN employing high energy (662 keV) γ-radiations from a ^{137Cs source has been reported. To compare our experimental momentum densities, the Compton profiles and electronic properties using density functional theory within linear combination of atomic orbitals have also been computed. The nature of bonding in GaN is compared with its isoelectronic InN using equal-valence-electron-density profiles and Mulliken's population. To establish applicability of Compton scattering in computation of cohesive energy, the cohesive energy using the experimental and theoretical momentum densities has also been studied. The energy bands and density of states computed using DFT calculations are compared with the existing data.}

5 illus, 5 tables, 38 ref

005003   Alzoubi F Y (Physics Dep, Jordan Univ of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, Email: fedda@just.edu.jo) : Analysis of the interaction between magnet and superconducting ring in the mixed state. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(6), 416-19.

The interaction between a small permanent magnet and a superconducting ring in the mixed state has been analyzed using a phenomenological model of the supercurrents known as the J_s + J_v model. The trapped magnetic field has been described by a constant surface current density Js circulating the inner and outer surfaces of the superconducting ring as well as a volume current density J_v flowing within the entire volume of the ring. Under field-cooled (FC) condition, the results showed that the interaction energy between the magnet and the superconducting ring has the minimum value when the magnet is located at the center of the ring indicating the existence of a stable equilibrium position. The axial force versus the distance of the magnet from the center of the ring showed that the magnitude of the force is zero at the center while maximum when the magnet is just at the borders of the ring. The results are found to be in agreement with the experimental and theoretical results reported previously in literature.

3 illus, 17 ref

004107   Vijayalakshmi K A;Deepa R (Sri Vasavi College, , Erode, Email: Kumardeepa00@gmail.com) : Optical and structural characteriatization of plasma treated Zno Nano Particles doped with PMMA films. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 133-8.

Zinc oxide nano particles were prepared by using solgel method. Nano particles of zno doped with PMMA (poly methyl methacrylate) polymer and the films were prepared by dipcoating method for different temperature. The PMMA/Zno film was plasma treated using DC glow discharge plasma. The treated and untreated films were characterized by uv-visible and XRD analysis. From the various results such as transmittance, bandgap energy and crystal nature of untreated films were compared with the plasma treated films.

4 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

004106   Tulupenko V;Duque C A;Demediuk R;Fomina O; Akimov V;Belykh V;Dmitrichenko T;Poroshin V (Physics Dep, Donbass State Engineering Academy, , Shkadinova 72, 84313, Kramatorsk, Ukraine, Email: it-ogo@yandex.ru) : Impurity binding energy for δ-doped quantum well structures. Bull Mater Sci 2014, 37(6), 1347-51.

The binding energy of an impurity delta layer situated either in the centre or at the edge of a quantum well (QW) is theoretically considered for the example of n-type Si_0.8Ge_0.2/Si/Si_0.8Ge_0.2 QW doped with phosphorus. Calculations are made for the case of not so big impurity concentrations, when impurity bands are not yet formed and it is still possible to treat impurity as isolated ones. It is shown on the base of If-consistent solution of Schrodinger, Poisson and electro-neutrality equations that impurity binding energy is dependent on the degree of impurity ionization and the most noticeably for the case of edge-doped QWs.

1 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

004105   Suresh K;Poornachandra Rao N V;Murthy K V R (Physics Dep, CSR Sarma College, Ongole 523 001, Email: sureshkukkamalla@gmail.com) : Photoluminescent properties of Sr₂CeO₄:Eu<. Bull Mater Sci 2014, 37(6), 1191-5.

Powder phosphors of 1 mol% Eu^{3+ - and Eu2+-doped strontium cerium oxide (Sr₂CeO₄) were synthesized by standard solid-state reaction method. Eu3+ - and Eu2+ - doped Sr₂CeO₄ phosphors fired at 1100 øC for 2 h were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The XRD patterns confirm that the obtained phosphors are a single phase of Sr2Ce04 composed of orthorhombic structure. Room temperature PL excitation spectrum of air-heated Sr₂CeO₄ : Eu phosphor has exhibited bands at 260, 280 and 350 nm. Whereas the excitation spectrum of Sr₂CeO₄: Eu phosphor heated under reducing (carbon) atmosphere exhibited single broadband range from 260 to 390 nm. The (PL) emission peaks of both the phosphors at 467 (blue), 537 (green) and 616 nm (red) generate white light under 260, 280 and 350 nm excitation wavelengths. The Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) colour coordinates conforms that these phosphors emitting white light. The results reveal that these phosphors are multifunctional phosphors which emit white light under these excitations that they could be used as white components for display and lamp devices and as well as possible good light-conversion phosphor LEDs under near-ultraviolet (nUV) chip.}

6 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

004104   Sangawar V S;Colchha M C (Polymer /Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Got Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati 444 602, Email: manisha_golchha22@yahoo.co.in) : Thermally stimulated discharge conductivity study of zinc oxide thermoelectrets. Bull Mater Sci 2014, 37(6), 1497-1501.

The present work deals with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermally stimulated discharge current (TSDC) study of inorganic metal oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and its thermoelectrets. The thermoelectrets were prepared by applying different electric polarizing field (E_p) at constant polarizing temperature (T_p), for constant polarizaation time (t_p). The TSDC study was carried out in the temperature region of 313-473 K. It was observed that the conductivity of ZnO samples increases with the increase in temperature and polarizing field. The dependence of TSDC data on polarizing agents, i.e. field and temperature shows Arrhenius type of behviour and is explained on the basis of variable range hopping mechanism.

5 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

004103   Sampathkumar P;Gowdhaman P;Sundaram S; Annamalai V (Physics Dep, Chikkanna Government Arts College, Tirupur, Tamilnadu, Email: sampathkumar487@gmail.com) : PZT-polymer composite: dielectric and piezoelectric properties. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 223-30.

Ferroelectric material& exhibit piezoelectric natures. In this work, PZT is selected as the prime component and the polymers which exhibit few piezoelectric properties are selected. This paper reviews for the different polymers like PVDF, PVC, PU, P(VDFF-TrFE) and Polyester resin. The composite obtained by the individual polymer with PZT is used for transducer applications and accelerometers. The various methods selected for the composites have been reviewed as reported from literatures. The thorough study on the composite revealed that volume fraction, temperature, particle size of PZT affects the dielectric and piezoelectric properties. There is an increase in the dielectric properties and piezoelectric properties when the parameters like volume fraction, temperature, particle size increase in their respective dimensions.

^iia3 illus, 1 table, 52 ref

004102   Sakthivel S;Baskaran V (Thin film Physics and Nano Science Laboratory, PG and Research Dep of, Rajah Serfoji Govt, College, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, Email: sakthivel.sunmugam@yahoo.com) : Applications of successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique for CZTS thin film SOlar Cells. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 235-9.

Use of successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method was applied for the deposition of CZTS thin films at room temperature. Further, these films were immersed in anionic and cationic solutions at different number of cycles for structural improvement and characterized for structural, surface morphological, optical and electrical properties. Polycrystalline structure of CZTS was retained even after deposition as confirmed from XRD studies. The morphology of the film was examined by using scanning electron microscopy. The surface morphology of the CZTS thin films strongly depends on preparation route and deposition technique. The optical characteristics of the samples were obtained by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 200-900 nm wavelengths. The optical constants (refractive index, extinction coefficient etc.) of the CZTS thin films depend on preparation conditions.

3 illus, 7 ref

004101   Sakthivel S;Baskaran V (Thin film Physics and Nano Science Laboratory, PG and Research Dep of, Rajah Serfoji Govt, College, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, Email: sakthivel.sunmugam@yahoo.com) : Photovoltaic studies on SILAR deposition of Copper Sulphide (CuS) thin films. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 231-4.

Copper sulphide thin films were deposited by simple Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method on glass substrate from aqueous solution consists of CuCl₂, Na₂S as anionic and cationic precursors. The semiconductor properties of this material are suitable for application in heterojunction solar cells. The structural and optical properties were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The results showed the SILAR method allows the formation of n-type CuS thin films.

3 illus, 13 ref

004100   Sakthivel S;Baskaran V (Thin Film Physics and Nano Science Laboratory, PG and Research Departm, Rajah Serfoji Govt, College (Autonomous), Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, Email: sakthivel.sunmuggam@yahoo.com) : Preparation, characterization and fabrication of eco-friendly CZTS thin film solar cells by vacuum evaporation method. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 185-90.

Non-toxic, eco friendly Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) thin films, a suitable potential candidate for the absorber layers of solar cells, were successfully deposited on Mo coated glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique. CZTS thin film fabricates on the order of sequential vacuum evaporation of ZnS, Cu, and Sn. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that polycrystalline films exhibiting kesterite structures with preferential orientations. The surface morphology, grain size and defects of CZTS films was determined from the scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The structural analysis showed increase with thickness, crystallanity and grain size increases whereas strain and dislocation density decreases. UV-Vis absorption studies revealed that CZTS thin film have an optical band gap from 1.4 - 1.56 eV, It was optimal for photovoltaic applications. A large absorption coefficient (10^{4 cm-1) and low resistivity achieved. The deposited film CZTS were annealed at 500°C, to avoid forming binary compounds. CZTS thin film based solar cell having fabrication consists of SLG/Mo/CZTS/CdS/i-ZnO/ Al-ZnO/Ni/ Al/MgF₂. The photovoltaic properties of CZTS thin film solar cells have been examined after formation.}

2 illus, 10 ref

004099   Sakthivel S;Baskaran V (Thin Film Physics and Nano Science Laboratory, PG and Research Departm, Rajah Serfoji Govt, College (Autonomous), Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, Email: sakthivel.sunmuggam@yahoo.com) : High efficiency heterojunction cadmium sulphide (CdS) Thin Film Solar Cells by Thermal Evaporation Technique. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 179-83.

Promising well quality absorber layer of Cadrnium Sulphide (CdS) thin film heterojunction solar cells has been prepared by thermal evaporation technique with combination of P-Cu₂S on glass substrate. The Cu₂S layer was produced by vacuum evaporation of a thin layer of CuCl followed by heat treatment. n-CdS / P-CU2S solar films are clearly heterojunction cell with CdS having band gap energy 2.42ev and CU2S having an energy gap 1.2ev.Band gap energy of CU2S layer was responsible for the large photo current generation. A typical structure of CdS based heterojunction solar cell is glass/Ag/n-CdS/p- CU2S/Al-grid .The prepared films are subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis measurements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows the particle size and crystallography of the film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image shows that morphology and texture of the film surface. Then, the optical properties such as absorption, transmittance, and reflection were done by UV-Vis spectral analysis. The photovoltaic properties of n-CdS /P-Cu₂S heterojunction solar cells have been examined after formation. Heat treatment improved the junction formation and as well as efficiency.

2 illus, 12 ref

004098   Sakthivel S;Baskaran V (Thin Film Physics and Nano Science Laboratory, PG and Research Departm, Rajah Serfoji Govt, College (Autonomous), Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, Email: sakthivel.sunmuggam@yahoo.com) : Compound preparation and fabrication of electron beam evoparated cadmium selenide (CdSe) Thin Film Solar Cells. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 175-8.

Highly oriented Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) thin film solar cells were fabricated on glass substrates by Electron beam evaporation technique in the vacuum about 10-6 torr. Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) is an important semiconductor is well suited for opto-llectronic applications. The device is composed of two electrodes, AI-ZnO film as the n-type and CU20 films as the P-type. A thin layer of CdSe absorber was deposited by Electron beam evaporation, coating the ZnO nano structures and the entire assembly formed p-i-n junction. The deposited films were subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis measurements to study their characterizations. The interplanar distance and structural parameters were taken from X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The surface morphology and defect studies were done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The values of band gap energy and absorption coefficient were calculated by UV -Vis absorption studies. The photovoltaic characteristics were confirmed with cell structure of <60> Glass/Al-ZnO/nanostructured Al- ZnO/CdSe/Cu₂O <62>; Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) is a suitable potential candidate for developing newer photovoltaic devices.

2 illus, 15 ref

004097   Sakthivel S;Baskaran V (Thin film Physics and Nano Science Laboratory, PG and Research Departm, Rajah Serfoji Govt., College(Autonomour), Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, Email: sakthivel.sunmugam@yahoo.com) : Annealing performance of Cu₂ZnSnS₄(CZTS) thin film solar cells fabricated by Chemical Bath Deposition. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 123-6.

CU₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) thin films have high optical absorptive, direct band gap and non- toxic earth abundant composition. (CZTS) thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD).These films were annealed at <126>680° and further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis measurements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies shows that the grain size and structural information of CZTS films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies shows that the formation of densely packed, compact and surface defects of CZTS films. The optical measurements will show the band gap of these films is around 1.4 ev - 1.6 ev, and then its optical absorption coefficient is on the order of above 10^{4<> cm-1. A type of solar cell structure is glass/Mo/CZTS/CdS/i-ZnO/ZnO:Al/A1-grid are effectively fabricated. In this cell has a good agreement with short-circuit current density (I_sc), open-circuit voltage (V_oc),a fill factor(FF) and efficiency under AM 1.5(100m W /Cm2) illumination. The CZTS thin films have been showing semiconductor behavior with p-type electrical conductivity. Further photovoltaic activity of these films was studied by after formation.}

2 illus, 11 ref

004096   Sakthivel S;Baskaran V (Thin film Physics and Nano Science Laboratory, PG and Research Dep of, Rajah Serfoji Govt., Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, Email: sakthivel.sunmugam@yahoo.com) : Effect of different substrate temperatures and compound fabrication of Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) thinfilm Solar Cell by SPD technique. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 109-12.

Spray Pyrolysis deposition (SPD) method has been employed to prepare p-CdTe thin films onto glass substrates under various ambient conditions. The precursor solution for the Spray containing dissolved Cadmium Chloride (CdCl₂) and tellurium dioxide (TeO₂) with 1:4 ratios of ammonia reagent and distilled water. In order to study structural and optical properties, films having different thickness have been prepared by changing suitable deposition conditions. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study shows that polycrystalline nature of the film. The interplanar distance, grain size dislocation densities were taken from XRD pattern of CdTe film. Scanning electron micrograph revealed the formation of densely packed, compact and large grained surface of CdTe films. UV -VIS study showed high optical absorption coefficient exhibiting direct band gap of the deposited thin films are in the solar energy range. The CdTe thin films having semiconducting behavior with p-type electrical conductivity and the solar performance of CdTe absorber layer has been examined with their values are recorded.

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004095   Sakthivel S;Baskaran V (Thin Film Physics and Nano Science Laboratory, PG and Research Dep of, Rajah Serfoji Govt., College, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, Email: sakthivel.sunmugam@yahoo.com) : Flexible CZTS thin film solar cells prepared and fabricated by Spray Deposition Method. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 105-8.

CU₂ZnSnS_{4>D> (CZTS) thin films on flexible substrates have been prepared by Spray Pyrolysis deposition method. Toxic free and inexpensive CZTS thin films are very promising potential candidate for high efficiency green energy production. The CZTS film elements using precursor spray solution with thiourea, copper chloride, zinc chloride, and tin chloride in different concentration ratios onto flexible AI-foil substrate at ambient conditions. The deposited films were subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis measurements. The grain size, crystallite structure and lattice parameters are taken from X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thickness of the film and defects are done from Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. UVVVis study showed high optical absorption coefficient and wide direct band gap for solar region. The structure of CZTS solar cells on the form of AI-foillMo/CZTS/i-ZnO/ITO/AI-Ni, grid was tentatively fabricated. The best solar cell showed a short-circuit current density (Isc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), a fill factor (FF) and efficiency under AM 1.5(l00mW/Cm²}) illumination. These results demonstrate the CZTS thin films were successfully deposited by low cost Spray Pyrolysis deposition method.

2 illus, 7 ref

004094   Sakthivel S;Baskaran V (Thin film Physics and Nano Science Laboratory, PG and Research Dep of, Rajah Serfoji Govt, College, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, Email: sakthivel.sunmugam@yahoo.com) : Preparation and structural properties of Cds thin film by chemical bath deposition. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 99-103.

Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) thin films have been prepared from the different concentrations of Cadmium Chloride and thiourea by chemical bath deposition. One of the most promising techniques for producing low cost Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) films for terrestrial photovoltaic applications. The annealing temperature was carried out at 5000 C and seems to be important factors affecting the controlled growth rates of Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) films, The structural and characterization properties of CdS films were taken from X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis measurements to study their characterizations. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) were taken for measuring the crystallite size, d-spacing value and structure of the CdS film. The structural analysis showed that increase with thickness, crystalline and grain size increases where as strain and dislocation density decreases. Surface morphology and defects were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).UV-VIS absorption studies revealed that CdS thin film have an optical band gap is optimal for photovoltaic applications. Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) is a suitable layer for developing newer photovoltaic devices.

2 illus, 15 ref

004093   Sakthivel S;Baskaran V (Thin film Physics and Nano Science Laboratory, PG and Research Dep of, Rajah Serfoji Govt.College, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, Email: sakthivel.sunmugam@yahoo.com) : Synthesis, preparation, characterization and fabricationof CdTe Thin film Sola cells using Vacuum Evaporation Technique. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 93-7.

An efficient Cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin film solar cell is prepared by vacuum evaporation technique on glass substrate. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) has small area and large efficiency for coming days and long been recognized as a promising material for thin film solar cell applications. Existing suitable material for solar cell production is the p-CdTe/n-CdS/TCO/glass structure. A CdCl2 treatment homogenizes the distribution of acceptor-like defects or impurities leading to an optimized p-conversion of the CdTe layer. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) were taken for measuring the crystallite size, d-spacing value and structure of the CdTe film. The structural analysis showed that increase with thickness, crystallinity and grain size increases where as strain and dislocation density decreases. Surface morphology and defects were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV-VIS absorption studies revealed that CdTe thin film has an optical band gap is optimal for photovoltaic applications. The photovoltaic properties including I-V characteristics, short-circuit current (I_sc), open circuit voltage (V_oc, Fill Factor (FF) and efficiency of CdTe films have been examined after fabrication.

2 illus, 12 ref

004092   Sakthivel S;Baskaran V (Thin film Physics and Nano Science Laboratory, PG and Research Dep of, Rajah Serfoji Govt., College (Autonomous), Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, Email: sakthivel.sunmugam@yahoo) : Development and nutritional analysis of products fortified with Moringa (Moringa oleifera). Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 123-6.

Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) thin films have high optical absorptive, direct band gap and non- toxic earth abundant composition. (CZTS) thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD). These films were annealed at <126>680° and further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis measurements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies shows that the grain size and structural informationn of CZTS films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies shows that the formation of densely packed, compact and surface defects of CZTS films. The optical measurements will show the band gap of these films is around 1.4 ev - 1.6 ev, and then its optical absorption coefficient is on the order of above 10^{4 cm-1. A type of solar cell structure is glass/Mo/CZTS/CdS/i-ZnO:Al/Al-grid are effetively fabricated. In this cell has a good agreement with short-circuit current density (I_sc), open-circuit voltage (V_oc), a fill factor (FF) and efficiency under AM 1.5(100m W/Cm2) illumination. The CZTS thin films have been showing semiconductor behavior with p-type electrical conductivity. Further photovoltaic activity of these films was studied by after formation.}

2 illus, 11 ref

004091   Sakalle U K;Singh A;Sharma E (Physics Dep, Govt Motilal Vigyan Mahavidhyalaya, Bhopal-462 001, Email: umesh_853@yahoo.com) : Structural properties of BeO at high pressure. Bull Mater Sci 2014, 37(6), 1339-42.

In the present paper, we have investigated the phase transition and elastic properties of BeO at kigh pressure using three-body potential model (TBPM). The present interaction potential consists of long-range coulomb and three-body interactions and short-range overlap repulsion effective up to second neighbour ions. We have studied the phase transition from wurtzite (B₄) to rock salt (B₁) for BeO. The phase transition pressure (P_t) obtained from this approach shows a respectably good agreement with experimental and other theoretical data. We have also computed the collapse of relative volume changes (ΔV(P_t)/V(O)). Three-body potential model has also been used to derive the correct expressions for third-order elastic constants and pressure derivatives of second-order elastic constants for BeO.

4 tables, 17 ref

004090   Sahoo S (Sociology Dep, Faculty of Arts, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211 002) : Imperial technoscience: Transnational histories of MRI in the United States, Britain, and India. Curr Sci 2015, 108(12), 2273-4.

1 table

004089   Rao R R;Swetha H R;Srinivasan J;Ramasesha S K (Centre for Climate Change Div, Indian Institute of Science, Bengalure-560 012, Email: sheela@caos.iisc.ernet.in) : Comparison of performance of solar photovoltaics on dual axis tracker with fixed axis at 13°N latitude. Curr Sci 2015, 108(11), 2087-94.

Tracking systems, that continually orient photovoltaic (PV) panels towards the PV panels. Tremendous amount of research is being done and funds are being spent in order to increase the efficiency of PV cells to generate more power. We report the performance of two almost identical PV systems; one at a fixed latitude tilt and the other on a two-axis tracker. We observed that the fixed axis PV panels generated 336.3 kWh, and the dual-axis Sun-tracked PV panels generated 407.2 kWh during August 2012-March 2013. The tracked panels generated 21.2 more electricity than the optimum tilt angle fixed-axis panels. The cost payback calculations indicate that the additional cost of the tracker can be recovered in 450 days.

12 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

004088   Ramadas R;Kesavan K;Murugasami R;Kumar D (NO, , Vallam, Thanjavur, Email: armadas_ece@yahoo.com) : Physical propeties of nano-scale Zinc Oxide Thin Films using Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Method. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 203-8.

Transparent thin films of zinc oxide (ZnO) were deposited onto pre-cleaned glass substrate as the precursor solution of Zinc Acetate by using chemical spray pyrolysis method at temperatures of 300°C. The optical Transmittance and Absorbance spectrum of transparent ZnO thin films was measured using UV-Visible spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 350-900nm. Developed thin films are transparent in visible region and ultra-violet cut-off wavelength almost 450nm. Developed ZnO thin films crystal structure and orientation were analyzed using X-ray Diffraction method. It revealed the developed thin films are polycrystalline nature and grain sizes almost 100nm. Thin film surface topography and morphology were analyzed using SEM (Scanning Electron microscope). The developed thin films are almost uniform particle size distributions. The developed thin films could be use as a Gas sensing and Photo voltaic applications.

3 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

004087   Radhika V;Annamalai V (PKR Arts College for Women, , Gobi, Email: radhikaviswanath@gmail.com) : A review on the preparation and characterisation of ZnO thin films by Chemical Bath Deposition Method. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 113-21.

As a II-VI semiconductor, zinc oxide (ZnO) has a wide band gap (3.3 eV), large exciton binding energy and has wide applications in various fields such as transducers, gas sensors, and surface acoustic wave devices. ZnO thin films prepared by different coating techniques can possess high electrical conductivity and high visible transmittance. Various chemical and physical deposition methods have been applied to fabricate ZnO thin films. In most cases, high temperature and special atmosphere are necessary. But the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method represents a simple and effective way of deposition. Basically, CBD processes involve preparing ZnO nanoparticles seed layer on special substrate, usually using sol-gel method, and treatment of seeded substrate in a solution that contains Zn^{2+ and precipitation agents1. The different methods of preparation of ZnO thin films on glass substrates by CBD method and some of their properties are briefly discussed.}

8 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

004086   Patil S U;Yawale S S;Yawale S P (Applied Physics Dep, Govt. College of Engineering, Chandrapur-442 403, Email: s19_patil@yahoo.co.in) : Conductivity study of PEO-LiClO₄ polymer electrolyte doped with ZnO nanocomposite ceramic filled. Bull Mater Sci 2014, 37(6), 1403-9.

The preparation and characterization of composite polymer electrolytes comprising PEO and LiClO₄ with different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles are studied. Conductivity measurements were carried out and discussed. In order to ascertain the thermal stability of the polymer electrolyte with maximum conductivity, films were subjected to TG/DTA analysis in the range of 298-823 K. In the present work, FTIR spectroscopy is used to study polymer structure and interactions between PEO and LiClO₄, which can make changes in the vibrational modes of the atoms or molecules in the material. FTIR spectra show the complexation of LiClO₄ with PEO. The SEM photographs indicated that electrolytes are miscible and homogeneous.

5 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

004085   Palanisamy K L;Devabharathi V;Sundaram N M (Physics Dep, Sengunthar Engineering College, Tiruchengode) : Water treatment studies of SPIONs treated with Olive Oil. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 161-7.

The significance of nano article for various applications is often assessed by their narrow size distribution, suitable magnetic saturation, better biocompatibility and low toxicity effects. In this work superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized via a co-precipitation technique using ferrous salts with a Fe3+/Fe2+. Olive oil has been used as the coating material, owing to their benefits to the environment. This paper is concerned with the removing chromium from the waste water of electroplating industry by Olive oil mediated iron oxide nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles were studied in terms of size, morphology, magnetic behavior, structure, surface area including surface chemical structure and charges using different techniques such as XRD, FTIR and SEM.

4 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

004084   Palanisamy K L;Devabharathi V;Sundaram N M (Physics Dep, Sengunthar Engineering College, Tiruchengode) : Investigation of carrier oil stabilized superparamagnetic Iron oxide nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 153-9.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The present study aimed to understand the effect of carrier oil (Flaxseed Oil ) on the precipitation and agglomeration behavior of the hydroxide precursors of the iron oxide nanoparticles. Kirby Bauer method was used to investigate the antibiotic sensitivity of carrier oil stabilized and uncoated SPIONs at 10 μL and 20 μL on gram-positive bacterium bacillus cereus (vegetative cell). The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction method, FTIR analysis, particle size analyzer and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Structure of magnetite nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD analysis and the estimation of nanoparticle size was confirmed with TEM. The attachment of functional groups of oil was predicted using FTIR spectroscopy. This comparison study revealed that carrier oils stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles show more antibacterial activity than the bare iron oxide nanoparticles.

2 tables, 4 illus, 11 ref

004083   Palanisamy K L;Devabharathi V;Sundaram N M (Physics Dep, Sengunthar Engineering College, Tiruchengode, Email: klps@sify.com) : Antibacterial study of Olive Oil stabilized superparamagnetic Iron oxide Nanoparticles. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 145-52.

This work presents the synthesis, characterization and implication of magnetic nanoparticles in identifying the antibiotic sensitivity on gram positive bacteria with one of the important carrier oil (Olive oil ), which is so useful in biomedical applications and here used as stabilized agent. The iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation method and stabilized with bio-surfactant such as olive oil. These nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction method, FTIR analysis, particle size analyzer and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Structure of initial magnetite nanoparticles synthesized was confirmed by XRD analysis and the estimation of nanoparticles size with the value of 20-50 nm and it was confirmed with TEM. The attachment of functional groups of oils was predicted using FTIR spectroscopy. Studies indicate that olive oil stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles show effective antibacterial activity toward the gram- positive bacterium bacillus cereus compared to sample which was prepared without any stabilizer. The results suggest that iron oxide NPs with surface coating of olive oil could potentially be used as an effective antibacterial agent.

5 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

004082   Meenakshi S (High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Diviion, Bhabha Atomic Research Centred, Mumbai-400 085, Email: smeena2001@gmail.com) : High-pressure structural stability of the ductile intermetalli compound, ErCu. Bull Mater Sci 2014, 37(6), 1343-5.

High-pressure angle dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements up to 23ú6 GPa have been carried out on the ductile intermetaIlic compound, ErCu. Our measurements show that the ambient CsCI structure (SG: Pm-3m) is stable up to the highest pressure of the present measurements. A second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state fit to the pressure, volume data yielded a bulk modulus of 67ú6 GPa with the pressure derivative of bulk modulus fixed at 4.

3 illus, 30 ref

004081   Manu S;Rawat R;Sinha A K;Gurubaran S;Jeeva K (Equatorial Geophysical Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Tirunelveli-627 011, Email: gurubara@iigs.iigm.res.in) : Schumann resonances observed at Maitri, Antarctica: diurnal variation and its interpretation in terms of global thunderstorm activity. Curr Sci 2015, 109(4), 784-90.

Schumann resonances (SRs) are the AC components of the global electric circuit and are excited by the lightning activity within the Earth-ionosphere wave-guide. An induction magnetometer, which was operated from the Indian Antarctic station, Maitri (70.8°S, 11.7°E), served to examine the SR parameters, namely the amplitude and frequency, in the north-south (H_NS) and east-west (H_EW) magnetic components. The analysis for the first resonant mode presented in this work reveals a strong UT variation in its amplitude in seasonal as well as yearly time scales. The NS amplitude reveals a semi-diurnal variation with peaks at ~1000 and ~2100UT, whereas the EW amplitude exhibits a strong diurnal variation with a pronounced peak at 1600UT. The diurnal curves for the frequency for both components are similar in nature to those for the amplitude, but for a time shift. The diurnal trend in the amplitude is retained irrespective of seasons, whereas significant difference are noticed in the frequency behaviour between the summer and winter seasons, especially in the EW component. The observed diurnal variation in the SR intensity is explained in terms of the dominant thunder storm activity centred over the three convectively active regions: Asia/Maritime Continent (Indonesia), South America and Africa. The diurnal variation in frequency depends not only on the location of the thunderstorm region with respect to the observer, but also on the ionospheric day/night conditions and the Earth-ionospherecavity thickness.

4 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

004080   Manan A;Iqbal Y (Physics Dep, Universit of Science and Tehnology, Bannu 28100, KPK, Pakistan, Email: drmanan82@yahoo.com) : Improvement in the microwave dielectric properties of SrCa₄Nb₄TiO₁₇ ceramics by Ba substitution. Bull Mater Sci 2014, 37(6), 1215-19.

Microwave dielectric ceramics in the Sr_l-xBa_xCa₄Nb₄ TiO₁₇ (0≤x≤0.75) composition series were fabricated via a solid-state mixed oxide route. All the compositions formed single phase in Sr_l-xBa_xCa₄Nb₄ TiO₁₇ (0≤x≤0.75) solid solutions within the detection limit of in-house X-ray diffraction (XRD). The sintered microstructure of these ceramics comprised densely packed elongated and plate-like grains. The dielectric properties varied linearly with x. Relative permittivity (ε_x) increased from 47ú2 to 54ú5, unloaded quality factor multiplying the resonant frequency (Q_uf_o) decreased from 11,984 to 9345 GHz and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_f) increased from -78ú6 to 20 ppm/°C with an increase in x from 0 to 0ú75. In the present study, ε_r ≈ 51ú6, Q_uf_o ≈ 10,160 GHz (5ú37 GHz) and τ ≈ -13ú5 ppm/°C were achieved for the Sr_l-xBa_xCa₄Nb₄ TiO₁₇ (x = 0ú5) ceramics.

6 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

004079   Maheswari D;Venkatachalam P (Physics Dep, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Email: mahaneerkannan@yahoo.com ) : Enhanced efficiency and improved photocatalytic activity of 1:1 composite mixture of TiO₂ nanoparticles and nanotubes in dye-sensitized solar cell. Bull Mater Sci 2014, 37(6), 1489-96.

TiO₂-based nanotubes (NTs), nanoparticles (NPs) and composite structural film (50% NP + 50% NT film) were synthesized by sol-gel hydrothermal process. Synthetic indigo dye was used as a sensitizer with the unique combination of electrolyte (EMII + BMII + PMII) and with cobalt sulphide as counter electrode. The structure and morphology of the three films, namely, NP, NT and NPNT is studied through X-ray diffracction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The absorpption spectra and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of the three films were compared and found to be higher for NPNT film. The efficiency and photocatalytic activity of three films were evaluuated. The composite structure showed improved efficiency (1ú72%) than NP (1%) and NT films (0ú78%). The photocatalytic activity of the three films were measured using organic dye, methylene blue under UV light radiation. The composite structure showed higher dye absorption and higher rate of reaction with time. This paper certainly proves that there are many rooms to focus on the photoanode configuration, which plays a key role to improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).

11 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

004078   Lal;Ravi H;Sylvan K;Natarajan V (Physics DepiIndian Institute of Science, , Bengaluru-560 012evasant@physics.iisc.ernet.in) : Measuring the linewidth of a stabilized diode laser. Curr Sci 2015, 109(4), 765-7.

Authors demonstrate a straightforward technique to measure the linewidth of a grating-stabilized diode laser system-known as an external cavity diode laser(ECDL)-by beating the output of two independent ECDLs in a Michelson interferometer, and then taking the Fourier transform of the beat signal. The measured linewidth is the sum of the linewidths of the two laser systems. Assuming that the two are equal, we find that the linewidth of each ECDL measured over a time period of 2μs is about 0.3 MHz. This narrow linewidth shows the advantage of using such systems for high-resolution spectroscopy and other experiments in atomic physics.

4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

004077   Kesavan K;Manivannan V;Ramadas R (Periya Maniammai University, , Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, Email: kk7blr@gmail.com) : Structural and optical characterization of nanoscale CdO:Mn thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique. Nano Vision 2013, 3(3), 209-14.

A great deal of research efforts was directed towards investigation of the physical properties of thin film to improve the quality and performance ofthe.device and for finding new applications. In this study, undoped cadmium oxide (CdO) and manganese doped cadmium oxide (CdO:Mn) films were deposited onto glass substrates by home built spray pyrolysis technique at 250C temperature. The structure of the undoped and manganese doped films were studied by X-ray diffraction have polycrystalline structure with (111) preferential orientation. X-ray peak line was studied to estimate grain size, strain and other orientations. The transmittance in visible and NIR region with direct optical band gap were estimated for undoped CdO and manganese doped CdO. The results were analyzed for three different concentrations of Mn doped CdO films and are reported.

3 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

004076   Karunagaran N;Ramasamy P;Perumal Ramasamy R (Centre for Crystal Growth, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam-603 110, Email: ramasamyp@ssn.edu.in) : Growth and characterization of propyl-para-hydroxybenzoate single crystals. Bull Mater Sci 2014, 37(6), 1461-9.

Single crystals of propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate have been grown by slow evaporation solution technique. The structure of the compound was confirmed by FT -JR, FT -Raman spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The crystalline perfection of the grown single crystals has been analysed by high resolution X-ray diffraction measurements. Optical properties of the grown single crystals were studied by UV-Vis NJR spectrum. The luminescence behaviour of the single crystal has been analysed by photoluminescence analysis and found maximum luminescence in the lower wavelength region. A simple interferometric technique was used for measuring birefringence of the crystal. The laser damage threshold of the crystal is 1ú3 GW/cm^{2. The mechanical strength of the grown crystal is measured using Vickers microhardness tester. The dielectric properties have been investigated.}

13 illus, 53 ref