022380   Mondal S;Venkataraman V (Physics Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: venki@physics.iisc.ernet.in) : Miniaturized devices for DNA amplification and fluorescence based detection. J Indian Inst Sci 2007, 87(3), 309-32.

MEMS technology has contributed substantially towards the development of Lab-on-a-Chip devices, whose aim is to replace bench-top laboratory tools with miniaturized chips for processing and detecting biomolecules. During the last decade there has been enormous amount of research towards finding the best material, simplifying fabrication techniques, improving biocompatibility and miniaturizing the device scale in order to deliver devices that are more efficient, cheaper, faster and have higher throughput. DNA based bio-chips must perform extraction of pure DNA from cell, amplification to detectable amounts and checking for product specificity. In this review we will discuss one of the important bio-MEMS applications, namely, DNA amplification devices using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA amplification is used in various forms for pathogen detection, forensic investigations, bio-defence, food and water control, environmental monitoring, DNA sequencing etc. We will discuss the key aspects related to the miniaturization of PCR devices: material of choice, fabrication technologies, thermal measurement, feedback control and fluorescence based detection techniques.

15 illus, 107 ref

022379   Mnich J;Wing M (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Notkestr 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany, Email: joachim.mnich@cern.ch) : Data acquisition in the EUDET project. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1185-9.

The goal of the EUDET project is the development and construction of infrastructure to permit detector R&D for the international linear collider (ILC) with larger scale prototypes. It encompasses major detector components: the vertex detector, the tracker and the calorimeters. Describes the status and plans of the project with emphasis on issues related to data acquisition for future test beam experiments.

2 illus, 5 ref

022378   Mavromanolakis G (Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge Univ, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK, Email: gmavroma@hep.phy.cam.ac.uk) : CALICE silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1063-7.

Highly granular electromagnetic calorimeter prototype based on tungsten absorber and sampling units equipped with silicon pads as sensitive devices for signal collection is under construction. The full prototype will have in total 30 layers and be read out by about 10000 Si cells of 1 x 1 cm². A first module consisting of 14 layers and depth of 7.2Xo at normal incidence, having in total 3024 channels of 1 cm², was tested recently with e^- beam. Describes the prototype and discuss some preliminary testbeam results on its performance with respect to position resolution, response inhomogeneity and transverse containment.

3 illus, 4 ref

022377   Matsunaga H (Institute of Physics, Tsukuba Univ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan, Email: matunaga@hepsg3.px.tsukuba.ac.jp) : Software studies of GLD calorimeter. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1057-61.

The baseline design of the GLD calorimeter is scintillator-strip arrays interleaved with absorber plates. Presents preliminary performance studies of the hit clustering with this calorimeter using a simulator. Also, simulation results of a 'digital' calorimeter, which is an option of the GLD calorimeter, are presented.

4 illus, 1 ref

022376   Mangal R K;Vijay Y K;Avasthi D K;Shekar B R (Physics Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Raipur-302 004, Email: rkmangal2@yahoo.com) : Rutherford back scattering and optical band gap of In/Sb thin films. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2007, 14(3), 253-6.

Thin films having constant thickness of indium over varying thickness of antimony are deposited on glass substrates using vacuum evaporation method. Films arc irradiated by Ag¹²⁺ heavy ions of energy 160 McV at the fiucncc 2.2x10¹³ ions/cm². The optical absorption spectra have been recorded at room temperature of as-dcposiicd and Ag¹²⁺ ion beam irradiated samples which show mixing of ln/Sb bilayer. Rutherford back scattering (RBS) spectra also carried out using -panicles of energy 3 McV. The optical band gap data of irradiated films found in the range of In/Sb semiconductor. RBS spectra also support mixing of bilayer. These results show mixing of In/Sb bilayer by swift heavy ion beam irradiation processes.

5 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

022375   Lohmann W (DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany, Email: wlo@ifh.de) : Test-beam programs for devices to measure luminosity arid energy and optimize the luminosity. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1209-14.

An overview is given on the test-beam programs to perform detector and system studies for luminosity and energy measurements and beam diagnostics for luminosity optimization.

4 illus, 5 ref

022374   Lalita S (Physics Dep, R.B. (P.G.) College, Kalindi Vihar, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra) : Dependence of Posson's ratio on porosity in oxides and non-oxide ceramics. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2008, 52(2), 95-100.

Presents a study on the influence of the porosity on Poisson's ratio of oxides and non-oxide ceramics. Poisson's ratio calculated from the longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic velocities has been found to be dependent on porosity. The results obtained using the Phani's and Chang's models are found to be in much better agreement with the experimental data. Similarities and differences for the two models are also discussed.

2 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

022373   Kumar R;Thakur N;Sharma D R;Rangra V S;Negi N S (Physics Dep, H.P. Univ, Shimla-171 005, Email: ntb668@yahoo.co.in) : Dielectric relaxation studies of binary mixtures of N-methylformamide and benzonitrile in benzene solution using microwave absorption data . Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2007, 14(2), 167-72.

Using standard standing wave microwave techniques and following the single frequency (9.885 GHz) concentration variational method, the dielectric relaxation time (τ) and dipolc moment (μ) of binary mixtures of different molar concentrations of N-methylformamide (NMF) in the binary mixtures of N-methylformamide (NMF) and benzonitrile (C₆H₅CN) in benzene solutions have been calculated at different temperatures (25, 30, 35 and 40°C). The energy parameters (ΔHε, ΔFε, ΔSε) for the dielectric relaxation process of binary mixtures containing 50 mol% of NMF have been calculated at different temperatures and comparison has been made with the corresponding energy parameters (ΔHη, ΔFη, ΔSη) for the viscous flow process. Based on these studies, it is inferred that dielectric relaxation process can be treated as a rate process just like the viscous flow process. Solute-solvent molecular associations have been proposed.

4 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

022372   Kovermann J;et al. (NO, RWTH Aachen, Germany, Email: karim.laihem@desy.de) : E166 experiment; development of an undulator-based polarized positron source for the international linear collider. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1165-9.

A longitudinal polarized positron beam is foreseen for the international linear collider (ILC). A proof-of-principle experiment has been performed in the final focus test beam at SLAG to demonstrate the production of polarized positrons for implementation at the ILC. The E166 experiment uses aim long helical undulator in a 46.6 GeV electron beam to produce a few MeV photons with a high degree of circular polarization. These photons are then converted in a thin target to generate longitudinally polarized e⁺ and e-. The positron polarization is measured using a Compton transmission polarimeter. The data analysis has shown asymmetries in the expected vicinity of 3.4% and ~1% for photons and positrons respectively and the expected positron longitudinal polarization is covering a range from 50% to 90%.

4 illus, 6 ref

022371   Kobayashi M (NO, High Energy Accelerator Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan, Email: makoto.kobayashi.exp@kek.jp) : Beam test of prototype time projection chamber using micro-pattern gas detectors at KEK. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 981-7.

Conducted a series of beam tests of prototype TPCs for the international linear collider (ILC) experiment, equipped with an MWPC, a MicroMEGAS, or GEMs as a readout device. The prototype operated successfully in a test beam at KEK under an axial magnetic field of up to 1 T. The analysis of data is now in progress and some of the preliminary results obtained with GEMs and MicroMEGAS are presented along with our interpretation. Also given is the extrapolation of the obtained spatial resolution to that of a large TPC expected as the central tracker of the ILC experiment.

4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

022370   Khened S M;Deshpande V T (Physics Dep, L.V.D. College, Raichur-584 103, Email: smkhened@gmail.com) : A simple experiment to study liquid crystal phase transitions. Phys Educ 2007, 24(3), 181-8.

Liquid Crystals are the intermediate phases between a crystalline solid and an isotropic liquid. They are self-organizing fluids and their properties can be changed by the application of electric or magnetic fields. This allows them to be used in display and many other devices. The Subject of Liquid Crystals has become a part of the curriculum at intermediate and degree levels. In a simple experimental method to observe the liquid crystal textures and to study the liquid crystal phase transitions utilizing the equipment that are usually available in an undergraduate physics laboratory.

4 illus, 6 ref

022369   Katyal A;Gupta P;Arun P (Physics and Electronics Dep, S.G.T.B. Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, Email: arunp92@physics.du.ac.in) : Voltage controlled resistance. Phys Educ 2007, 24(1), 49-52.

Discusses an application of the field effected transistor (FET) as a voltage controlled resistance which can be done in under-graduate labs either as a routine experiment or as a project.

4 illus, 2 ref

022368   Johari M V;Sangawar V S (Physics Dep, Guru Nanak college of Arts Science & Commerce, Mumbai) : D.C. electrical properties of polyblends. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2008, 52(2), 105-9.

Thin films of poly blends of Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) in Polystyrene (PS), in different weight percentage is prepared by isothermal evaporation technique. In this paper we discuss the D.C. electrical conductivity of poly blend samples of PS + PVC for same thickness i.e. (46 μm). The activation energy (Ea) values increases with increasing percentage of blending as well as with the increasing field and temperature. Result will be discussed on the basis on the mobility of charge carriers.

2 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

022367   Jha S;Jha L (University Department of Physics, L.N. Mithila Univ, Darbhanga (Bihar)) : Bandwidth enhancement of miniaturizaed slot antennas introducing folded architecture. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2008, 52(2), 151-6.

Folded structure is considered as an effective approach to increase the bandwidth of miniaturized antennas. A folded realization of a miniaturized slot antenna is devised and shown to provide more than 100% increase in the bandwidth as compared with that ot the miniaturized s!ot antenna with the same size and efficiency.

2 illus, 9 ref

022366   Jha R N;Jha A K (Physics Dep, R.J.M. College, Saharsa) : Study of microstrip antennas on effective low dielectric constant substrates. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2008, 52(2), 29-34.

Fabricating microstrip antennas on high dielectric substrate provides very narrow bandwidth. Micromatching techniques using closely spaced holes have been used underneath a microstrip antenna on a high dielectric constant to demonstrate an appreciable improvement of the radiation efficiency and patterns of microstrip antenna. This arrangement presents an effective low dielectric constant for the microstrip antenna.

2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

022365   Jha P N;Jha L (University Department of Physics, L.N. Mithila Univ, Darbhanga (Bihar)) : Study of near-field on plane wave approach. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2008, 52(2), 145-9.

Makes study of near-field cassegrain reflector on plane wave approach. It is an effective way to magnify a small phased array into a much larger aperture antennas for limited scan applications. Traditionally the pattern analysis of NFCR is based on a plane wave approach, i.e.. the field from the feed array incident on the subrefiector is approximated by a truncated collimated beam with planar phase and tapered amplitude distribution. This approach simplifies the computation tremendously.

4 illus, 6 ref

022364   Jana D (Physics Dep, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A P C Road, Kolkata-700 009, Email: djphy@calunuv.ac.in) : Thermodynamics of spin 1 system an exactly solvable model. Phys Educ 2007, 24(1), 23-31.

Describe a simple toy example of three state Ising systems whose thermodyna ics can be calculated exactly. The first model is defined in one-dimensional space with nearest neighbor interaction while the second one where each spin is interacting with everyone (infinite range) is valid even for any arbitrary dimension. The short finite range interacting model like the two state spin system also does not show spontaneous magnetization at any finite non-zero temperature. Inspired by the exactly solvable model of two state spin system, we calculate the partition function of the infinite range three state spin model. Unlike the above short finite range model, this model however shows phase transition at a finite non-zero temperature and we identify the various critical, exponents. These simple mathematically tractable models can demonstrate the basic features of the phase transition in equilibrium statistical mechanics.

1 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

022363   Jagdeesh Chandra S V;Sreedhara Reddy P;Mohan Rao G;Uthanna S (Physics Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati-517 502) : Effect of oxygen partial pressure on the structural and optical properties of RF magnetron spruttered tantalum oxide films. J Instrum Soc India 2007, 37(3), 212-17.

Thin films of tantalum oxide were formed on quartz and silicon (111) substrates using rf magnetron sputtering technique by sputtering of pure tantalum target under various oxygen partial pressures in the range 5xlO^-5 - 5x10^-4 mbar. The films were characterized by study the chemical binding configuration, crystal structure and optical properties. The influence of oxygen partial pressure in the structural and optical properties was systematically studied.

4 illus, 12 ref

022362   Jadhav G H (Physics Dep, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji College, Omerga-413 606) : Classical attempt to the photoelectric effect: dependence of kinetic energy of the photoelectrons on frequency of the incident radiation. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2008, 52(2), 71-5.

The reason of failure of classical mechanics to explain the photoelectric effect is the structure of the electric field in the electromagnetic wave. Such type of static electric field, generally, does not exist in the universe. Here we analyzed, theoretically, a motion of an electron in such type of static electric field and found that the rate of change of the applied electric field in a direction perpendicular to the direction of polarization plays important role in displacing the electron in a direction perpendicular to the polarization. Application of this to the phenomenon, photoelectric effect, supports to the dependence of the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons on the frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave. Unfortunately, it also allows dependence of the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons on amplitude of the incident electric field of the electromagnetic wave.

2 illus, 3 ref

022361   Jacosalem E P;Iba S;Nakajima N;Ono H;Sanchez A L C;Bacala A M;Miyata H (Physics Dep, MSU-Iligan, Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines, Email: edith@physics.msuiit.edu.ph) : Systematic studies of small scintillators for new sampling calorimeter. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1051-6.

New sampling calorimeter using very thin scintillators and the multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) has been proposed to produce better position resolution for the international linear collider (ILC) experiment. As part of this R&D study, small plastic scintillators of different sizes, thickness and wrapping reflectors are systematically studied. The scintillation light due to beta rays from a collimated ⁹⁰Sr source are collected from the scintillator by wavelength-shifting (WLS) fiber and converted into electrical signals at the PMT. The wrapped scintillator that gives the best light yield is determined by comparing the measured pulse height of each 10 x 40 x 2 mm strip scintillator covered with 3M reflective mirror film, teflon, white paint, black tape, gold, aluminum and white paint+teflon. The pulse height dependence on position, length and thickness of the 3M reflective mirror film and teflon wrapped scintillators are measured. Results show that the 3M radiant mirror film-wrapped scintillator has the greatest light yield with an average of 9.2 photoelectrons. It is observed that light yield slightly increases with scintillator length, but increases to about 100% when WLS fiber diameter is increased from 1.0 mm to 1.6 mm. The position dependence measurement along the strip scintillator showed the uniformity of light transmission from the sensor to the PMT. A dip across the strip is observed which is 40% of the maximum pulse height. The block type scintillator pulse height. On the other hand is found to be almost

5 illus, 4 ref

022360   Inui N (Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167, Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan, Email: inui@eng.u-hyogo.ac.jp) : Galileo's Gedanken experiment on free fall of quantum objects. Phys Educ 2007, 24(1), 59-66.

Galileo's gedanken experiment concerning the free fall of objects claims that objects dropped from the Tower of Pisa fall with the same acceleration independently of the mass and reach the ground at the same time. Students sometimes inquire whether this statement is correct for a very light particle such as an atom. Proposes an answer to the above question. If a particle is regarded as a wave packet and if the interactions between the particle and earth except the gravitational force, are disregarded, then the Galileo's statement is valid even in quantum mechanics. However, if the earth is regarded as a rigid wall, quantum mechanics requires that the acceleration of the falling object toward a rigid wall changes gradually. The different behavior results from the spreading of the wave packet.

4 illus, 7 ref

022359   Hazra S;Ghorai A (Physics Dep, Jhargram Raj College Jhargram, West Midnapore-721 507, Email: amitavaghorai@rediffmail.com) : Investigation of optical activity of transparent cellophane films. Phys Educ 2007, 24(3), 173-6.

Variation of rotation of the plane of polarization of a plane-polarized light with thickness of cellophane paper is investigated by a polarimeter and white light source.

1, illus, 3 ref

022358   Hauptman J (Physics Dep, Iowa State Univ, Ames IA, 50011, USA, Email: hauptman@iastate.edu) : Muon identification and pion rejection in the 4th concept. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1047-50.

Describe a completely new way to reconstruct and identify muons with high efficiency and very high pion rejection in the 4th concept detector. The dual-solenoid magnetic field allows the reconstruction and precision momentum measurement of muons down to a few GeV (just the energy loss in the 10-λint calorimeter and the coil) and the dual-readout calorimeter provides a new, unique and powerful separation of muons from pions. Uses test beam data for the calorimeter and calculations for the magnetic fields.

2 illus, 5 ref

022357   Hauptman J (Physics Dep, Iowa State Univ, Ames IA, 50011, USA, Email: hauptman@iastate.edu) : 4th concept detector. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1037-46.

The 4th concept detector consists of four detector subsystems, a small-pixel vertex detector, a high-resolution TPC, a new multiple-readout fiber calorimeter and a new dual-solenoid iron-free muon system. Discusses the design of a comprehensive facility that measures and identifies all partons of the standard model, including hadronic W → jj and Z → jj decays, with high precision and high efficiency. Emphasises here the calorimeter and muon systems.

8 illus, 14 ref

022356   Hartin A (John Adams Institute, Oxford Univ Physics, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK, Email: tony.hartin@physics.ox.ac.uk) : Stimulated Breit-Wheeler process as a source of background e<. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1159-64.

Passage of beamstrahlung photons through the bunch fields at the interaction point of the ILC determines background pair production. The number of background pairs per bunch crossing due to the Breit-Wheeler, Bethe-Heitler and Landau-Lifshitz processes is well-known. However, the Breit-Wheeler process also takes place in and is modified by the bunch fields. A full QED calculation of this stimulated Breit-Wheeler process reveals cross-section resonances due to the virtual particle reaching the mass shell. The one-loop electron self-energy in the bunch field is also calculated and included as a radiative correction. The bunch field is considered to be a constant crossed electromagnetic field with associated bunch field photons. Resonance is found to occur whenever the energy of contributed bunch field photons is equal to the beamstrahlung photon energy. The stimulated Breit-Wheeler cross-section exceeds the ordinary Breit-Wheeler cross-section by several orders of magnitude and a significantly different pair background may result.

5 illus, 6 ref

022355   Grah C (DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany, Email: christian.grah@desy.de) : Fast and precise luminosity measurement at the international linear collider. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1151-7.

The detectors of the ILC will feature a calorimeter system in the very forward region. The system comprises mainly two electromagnetic calorimeters: LumiCal, which is dedicated to the measurement of the absolute luminosity with highest precision and BeamCal, which uses the energy deposition from beamstrahlung pairs for a fast luminosity measure and the determination of beam parameters. The FCAL system is designed as a universal system fitting all detector concepts. It was implemented and simulated as a subsystem of the large detector concept. The studies are carried out within the FCAL collaboration.

4 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

022354   Gour A S;Chandra B P (School of Studies in Physics, Pt Ravishankar Shukle University, Raipur, Email: anubha09@yahoo.com) : Luminescence in solids. Phys Educ 2007, 24(1), 5-16.

5 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

022353   Goswami N K;Arun Kumar (Electronic Dep, A.N. College, Patna-800 013) : Dynamic behaviour of `a mosfet-bjt composite unit'. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2008, 52(2), 161-9.

New composite unit comprising of a MOSFET and a BJT and its static performance have been reported. The dynamic performance of the unit is being reported. The Transconductance and Drain Resistance show remarkable improvement over MOSFET.

7 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

022352   Ghosh P K;Ray D S (Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, Email: pcdsr@mahendra.lacs.res.in) : Quantum Ratchet motion. J Indian Inst Sci 2007, 87(3), 401-27.

Ratchet models provide an useful mechanism for directed transport using nonequilibrium fluctuations of the surrounding. In the dynamics of micro-particles quantum effect is likely to make its presence felt in appropriate situations, particularly at low temperature. In this review we have discussed the aspects of ratchet motion in quantum domain. Making use of a Wigner canonical thermal distribution for description of the statistical properties of the noise, we explore the generic effects of quantization like vacuum field fluctuation and tunneling in fluctuation-induced quantum transport both in the overdamped and the underdamped limits and the energetics of quantum ratchet.

22 illus, 111 ref

022351   Genat J F;Savoy-Navarro A (NO, LPNHE Univ, Paris 6 et 7, Email: genat@lpnhep.in2p3.fr) : Preliminary thoughts on the data acquisition for the next generation of silicon tracking systems. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 977-80.

Preliminary thoughts about the data acquisition system to be developed for the next generation of large area silicon tracker are presented in this paper. Describes the set of data delivered by these tracking systems, and the various stages of processing and data flow transmission from the front-end chip sitting on the detector to the latest stage in the data processing. How to best profit from the status of the art technologies is a major goal.

3 ref

022350   Finch A J (NO, Lancaster Univ, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK) : Meeting to discuss laser cavity design for photon linear collider-Daresbury, UK, 10 January 2006. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 953-6.

7 ref

022349   Desai D A (C-10, Patil Regency, Erandawana, Pune-411 004, , , Email: dadesai@vsnl.com) : Mechanics of locomotion. Phys Educ 2007, 24(2), 113-17.

The qualitative explanation of how a man can walk or how an automobile can accelerate on the ground as given in many textbooks leaves more questions unanswered than those answered. For example, during walking the external force responsible for the motion is identified as the push exerted by the ground in the forward direction in response to his push on the ground in the backward direction. But since the push is a static force it cannot do work and cannot supply kinetic energy to the walking person. Also the push exerted by the person on the ground through his foot is generated in his body. The fact that this force also must be accompanied by an equal and opposite force acting on other parts of his body is not taken into account. The mechanics of locomotion can be understood correctly if we see that the external force exerted by the ground is used only to cancel one member of the equal and opposite forces generated in the composite body capable of locomotion.

5 ref

022348   Delerue N;et al. (NO, John Adams Institute at the Univ of Oxford, UK, Email: s.dixit1@physics.ox.ac.uk) : Laser-wire system for the international linear collider. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1147-50.

A new laser-wire hn.s IHVM installed in the extraction line ol the Al ) at KEK It aims at demonstrating (that laser-wires can be used to measure micrometre scale beam size. In parallel, studies have been made to specify a laser suitable for the ILC laser-wires.

1 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

022347   David J;et al. (NO, CNRS/IN2P3/LPNHE Universites, Paris 6 and 7, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05 France) : Status on the development of front-end and readoul electronics for large silicon trackers. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 969-75.

Final results on a CMOS 0.18 μm front-end chip for silicon strips readout are summarized and preliminary results on time measurement are discussed. The status of the next version in 0.13 μm is briefly presented.

5 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

022346   Datta S (NO, , 656, "Snehalata", 13th Main, 4th Stage, T K Layout, Mysore-570 009, Email: datta.som@gmail.com) : Magnetic torque between a rectangular horizontal coil and a rectangular swinging coil. Phys Educ 2007, 24(2), 89-98.

Derives a mathematical formula for the "magnetic torque" τ, on a rectangular coil called the "swing coil" which is suspended from a horizontal axis (coinciding with the Y-axis) and is making an angle θ with the vertical due to attraction towards another rectangular coil which is fixed on a horizontal plane. The configuration is such that one arm of the horizontal coil and bottom arm of the swing coil are parallel and "adjoining" each other. When currents flow through the two coils such that they have the same direction in the "adjoining arms" the above θ-deflection of the swing coil takes place. This formula, by itself of pedagogical value as a useful exercise for a better appreciation of Biot-Savart's law, has been used for the evaluation of the magnetic coupling constant μ_oout of experimental data taken from a relevant experiment.

2 tables, 2 ref

022345   Datta S (NO, , 656, "Snehalata". 13th Main, 4th Stage, T.K. Layout Mysore-570 009, Email: datta.som@gmail.com) : Electric and magnetic fields from a circular coil using elliptic integrals. Phys Educ 2007, 24(3), 203-12.

The focal points are exact expressions for the E field caused by a uniformly charged ring of radius R and the B field caused by a current I flowing along such a ring. First obtained expressions for these two fields by direct application of Coulomb's law and Biot-Savart 's law respectively, in terms of a new set of Complete Elliptic Integrals (K(k),H(k)) replacing the conventional pair (K(k),E(k)). Subsequently we wrote the scalar potential φ and the vector potential A and re-established the same results by a second route. The new function H(k) that replaces E(k) is related to the latter by a simple multiplicative factor. Checkes formulas against known approximate formulas by expanding the expressions in power series of R/r.

9 ref

022344   Dahikar P B;Dhoble S J;Rewatkar A K;Moharil S V (Kamla Nehru College, Sakkardara Square, Nagpur-440 009) : Temperature controlling and monitoring system for thermoluminescence reader. J Instrum Soc India 2007, 37(3), 199-205.

The design of temperature measurement and controlling very low cost and simple system ranging from O°C to 330°C & also set limit up to 1000°C for thermoluminescence measurement device. A PC based TL Reader system has been developed for the measurement of thermoluminescence of phosphors. The fabrication cost of the complete assembly is less than Rs. 3500/- (exclusively PC & PMT). The versatility of the system has been enhanced by storing of data in ASCII format, which enables easy enables easy analysis with other developed software packages like MSW, EXCEL, & high level languages like 'C' etc. It is also enhanced by the programmable temperature controlling system visualized the two extremes limits.

8 illus, 6 ref

022343   Cvach J (Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic, Email: cvach@fzu.cz) : CALICE scintillator hadron calorimeter prototype commissioning and calibration. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1031-6.

First experience with construction and positron beam tests of a scintillator tile hadron calorimeter are discussed.

4 illus, 6 ref

022342   Contarato D;Bussat J M;Denes P;Greiner L;Kim T;Stezelberger T;Wieman H;Battaclia M;Hooberman B;Tompkins L (NO, Lowrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA) : CMOS monolithic pixel sensors research and development at LBNL. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 963-7.

Summarizes the recent progress in the design and characterization of CMOS pixel sensors at LBNL. Results of lab tests, beam tests and radiation hardness tests carried out at LBNL on a test structure with pixels of various sizes are reported. The first results of the characterization of back-thinned CMOS pixel sensors are also reported, and future plans and activities are discussed.

3 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

022341   Coniavitis E;Ferrari A (Nuclear and Particle Physics Dep, Uppsala Univ, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden, Email: arnaud.ferrari@tsl.uu.se) : Study of charged and neutral minimal supersymmetric standard model Higgs boson decays and measurement of tanβ at the compact linear collider. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1141-5.

The minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM) predicts the existence of new charged and neutral Higgs bosons. The pair creation of these new particles at the multi-TeV e⁺e^- compact linear collider (CLIC), followed by decays into standard model particles, were simulated along with the corresponding background. High-energy beam-beam effects such as ISR, beamstrahlung and hadronic background were included. Investigates the possibility of using the ratio between the number of events found in various decay channels to determine the MSSM parameter tan β and derived the corresponding statistical error from the uncertainties on the measured cross-sections and Higgs boson masses.

2 illus, 8 ref

022340   Coe P A;Urner D;Reichold A (Physics Dep, John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Oxford Univ, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Rd Oxford, Ox1 3RH, UK, Email: p.coel@physics.ox.ac.uk) : Stabilisation of final focus system. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1137-40.

The StaFF (stabilisation of final focus) system will use interferometers to monitor the relative positions and orientations of several key components in the beam-delivery and interaction region. Monitoring the relative positions of the ILC final focus quadrupole magnets will be the most demanding application, where mutual and beam-relative stability will have a direct impact on machine luminosity. Established, laser-based frequency scanning interferometry (FSI) and fixed-frequency interferometry (FFI) offer positional resolution at length scales of the laser wavelength (1500 nm to 1560 nm) and a thousandth of the wavelength, respectively. As part of the ATF at KEK, StaFF will use interferometers to measure lines of a geodetic network to record relative motion between two beam position monitors. Interferometers are being designed and tested in Oxford prior to deployment at the ATF.

2 illus, 8 ref

022339   Choudhary H S;Singh N K (University Department of Physics, L.N. Mithila Univ, Darbhanga) : Internal pressure of binary liquid mixtures from ultrasonic measurements. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2008, 52(2), 157-60.

Initial pressure of binary liquid mixtures of cumene + methano!, +n-Propanol, + n-butanol at 30°, 35° and 40°C has been evaluated from the ultrasonic measurements of the sound velocity. The proposed method involves the use of molecular diameter. It has been found that it provides useful information about the interaction study in the binary liquid mixtures.

3 illus, 13 ref

022338   Chandra M;Singh N;Kumar V (Physics Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura) : Growth of electric field in thundercloud electrification. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2008, 52(2), 131-3.

The contribution of atmospheric ions produced by cosmic rays and radio activity in generation of thundercloud electrification, which cause the lightning, which accelerates the formation of rain. It is found that conductivity of air parcels may be of one order magnitude higher than the conductivity of the surrounding clouds. At the altitude the rate of growth of electric field has been calculated for actual cloud conditions. This is given by- dE/dt - δσE²/3T (V₀² - 8ε₀RσE²/3T)^1/2 - σ₀E/π₀ where the function of δ is a function of σ, E and V. The result shows that if the ionization rate above the thundercloud increases the rate of electrification of the thundercloud is faster.

1 table, 12 ref

022337   Chandra B P;Mahobia S K;Kuraria R K;Chaudhary V (Postgraduate Studies and Research in Physics Dep, Rani Durgavati Univ, Jabalpur-482 001) : Fracto-mechanoluminescence produced during slow deformation of solids. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2007, 14(6), 443-6.

The paper reports the mechanoluminescence (ML) induced by the movement of cracks produced during slow deformation of solids. The ML may be induced by fracture of crystals due to several processes involved in charging of newly-created surfaces. In fracto-ML, the number of ML pulses emitted indicates the number of cracks moved in a crystal. Thus, there is one-to-one correspondence between the number of cracks formed and the number of ML flashes emitted during the deformation of a crystal. An expression derived for the dependence of the number of ML flashes, N_p on the strain œ of crystals may be expressed as, Np = [{exp α(ε-εf)} - 1], where ε_f is the fracture strain and a is a constant. The total ML intensity indicates the total area of the newly-created surfaces created during the deformation of a crystal. As the decay time of ML is constant and of the order of microseconds, in the case of slow deformation, the peak of ML intensity induced by a single crack indicates the area of newly-created surfaces. The studies on fracto-ML give important information that the number of cracks increases exponentially with the deformation of crystals and the area of newly created surfaces increases linearly with the deformation of crystals. The ML may be useful in the study of crack dynamics in microsecond and nanosecond ranges, whereby important information related to the initiation, propagation and interaction of cracks in solids may be obtained. The rapid photographic methods and CCD cameras can be used effectively to map the ML emission from fracture of solids. A good agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental results.

4 illus, 19 ref

022336   Chakrabarti S (NO, Maharaja Manindra Chandra College, 20, Ramkanto Bose Street, Kolkata-700 003, Email: chakrabartis@rediffmail.com) : The force of interaction between two bar magnets. Phys Educ 2007, 24(1), 39-48.

The force of interaction between two bar magnets is well known in the ideal dipole limit. When the force between two finite bar magnets is considered, the effective lengths of the bar magnets appear in the force expression as two parameters. Describes an experiment to determine the effective lengths and the magnetic moments of the magnets. Once these are determined the force between two bar magnets can be predicted for any distance between them. This force has been verified experimentally when, in particular, the magnets are mutually end-on.

3 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

022335   Carter J;Agapov I;Blair G A;Dadoun O (John Adams Institute, Royal Holloway London Univ, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK, Email: hfcarter@fnal.gov) : International linear collider simulations using BDSIM. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1133-6.

Power loss simulations for the 2, 14, and 20 mrad extraction line designs using the BDSIM toolkit are presented. A preliminary study on the backgrounds from the beam losses along the extraction line in the case of 20 mrad with high luminosity parameters is also given.

4 illus, 6 ref

022334   Buesser K (NO, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany, Email: karsten.buesser@desy.de) : Interaction region of the large detector concept. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1129-32.

The recently optimised interaction region of the LDC detector is presented together with the requirements for the planned detector hall.

2 illus, 7 ref

022333   Brau J E;Igonkina O;Sinev N;Strom D;Balty C; Emmet W;Neal H;Rabinowitz D (NO, Oregon Univ, Eugene, OR 97403-1274, USA, Email: jimbrau@faraday.uoregon.edu) : Monolithic CMOS pixel detector for international/linear collider vertex detection. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1009-13.

Monolithic CMS pixel detector is under development for an ILC experiment. This chronopixel array provides a time stamp resolution of one bunch crossing, a critical feature for background suppression. The status of this effort is summarized.

2 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

022332   Brau J E;Igonkina O;Sinev N B;Strube J (Physics Dep, 1274 Oregon Univ, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1274, USA, Email: jimbrau@faraday.uoregon.edu) : Investigations into properties of charge traps created in CCDs by neutron and electron irradiation. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1093-6.

Investigating the effects related to radiation damage of CCDs since 1998. In a series of measurements in 2003 finds the puzzling effect of very slow filling of charge traps created by radiation damage of the silicon device. In 2005 it was intended to study this phenomenon in detail. However, while in 2003 it could see all the traps created by neutron irradiation in 1998-1997 unchanged, such traps unexpectedly almost completely disappeared in 2005. Explains this as an effect of annealing induced by electron irradiation, as in 2003 irradiates with electrons the same device irradiated with neutrons in 1997-1998. Results of the 2005 measurements are presented.

2 illus, 3 ref

022331   Brau J E;et al. (NO, Oregon Univ, Eugene, OR 97403-1274, USA, Email: jimbrau@faraday.uoregon.edu) : Electromagnetic calorimeter for the silicon detector concept. Pramana J Phys 2007, 69(6), 1025-30.

A silicon-tungsten calorimeter for silicon detector (SiD) at the International Linear Collider is under development. Recent progress is summarized.

2 illus, 9 ref