Elampari K;Chithambarathanu T;Sharma R K
007782 Elampari K;Chithambarathanu T;Sharma R K (Physics Research Dep, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil-629 002, Email: lampari@rediffmail.com) : Examining the variations of ground level ozone and nitrogen dioxide in a rural area influenced by brick kiln industries. Indian J Sci Technol 2010, 3(8), 900-3.
Burning of biomass fuels is responsible for the emission of both trace and non-trace greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, NOX and NO. The photolysis of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) directly leads to the formation of ozone (O3) in the lower atmosphere. This work is an attempt to estimate the level of ground level ozone (GLO) and NO2 concentrations in the atmospheric surface layer of a rural area dominated by traditional brick kiln industries. A portable monitor with O3 and NO2 sensor heads was employed for the measurement of the trace gases from May 2009 to July 2009. The GLO concentration showed a clear diurnal cycle with higher values in the daytime and notably lower values at night time. The concentration of GLO during the period of study varied from a minimum value of 7 ppb around 0530 h to a value of 48 ppb around 1430 h. The lowest mean day time value of NO2 was 2.52 ppb and the highest mean niaht time value was 5.83 oob.
4 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref
El-Taher A;Mkhluf S
007781 El-Taher A;Mkhluf S (Physics Dep, Faculty of Science, Al-Azher Univ, Assuit-71452, Egypt, Email: atef_eltaher@hotmail.com) : Natural radioctivity levels in phosphate fertilizer and its environmental implications in Assuit governorate, Upper Egypt. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(10), 697-702.
The contents of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) were measured in phosphate and super phosphate used and product in Assuit fertilizer factory in upper Egypt by using low levej gamma spectrometry. Phosphate is the main material used for the fertilizers. The phosphate samples were collected from El-Sebayia, Abo Tartour and El-Shaghab. The results are discussed and compared with the levels in phosphate rocks from different countries. The average values obtained for 226Ra, Th and K activity concentration in different types of phosphate are lower than the corresponding global values reported in UNSCAIR publications. The obtained results show that the averages of radiation hazard parameters for the phosphate and super phosphate are lower than the acceptable level 370 Bq.kg-1 for radium equivalent Raeq, 1 for level index Iϒr, the external hazard index Hex ≤ 1 and 59 (nGy.h-1) for absorbed dose rate.
1 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref
Dash U N;Roy G S;Talukdar M;Moharatha D
007780 Dash U N;Roy G S;Talukdar M;Moharatha D (Chemistry Dep, I T E R, SOA Univ, Bhubaneswar-751 030) : Acoustic and viscosity studies of alkali metals and ammonium halides in aqueous dextran solutions at four different temperatures. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(9), 651-7.
The density and viscosity of halides of potassium, sodium and ammonium have been measured in different aqueous solutions of dextran at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K and the ultrasonic velocity in these solutions has been measured at 298.15 K. Various parameters such as isentropic compressibility, acoustic impedance, apparent molar volume, partial molar volume, relative association and relaxation time have been calculated using experimentally determined values of ultrasonic velocity and density. The variation of these parameters has been discussed in the light of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions. The viscosity data have been analyzed on the basis of Jones-Dole equation to interpret the ion-solvent interactions.
3 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref
Chiad B T;Al Zubaydi T L;Khalaf M K;Khudiar A I
007779 Chiad B T;Al Zubaydi T L;Khalaf M K;Khudiar A I (Physics Dep, College of Science, Baghdad Univ, Baghdad, Iraq) : Characterization of low pressure plasma-DC glow discharges (Ar, SF6 and SF6/He) for Si etching. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(10), 723-30.
Low-pressure plasma reactor which is generated for SF6, SF6/He and Ar gases discharges between two metal electrodes (planer -parallel) using dc-high voltage power supply of 2 kV has been proposed. Paschen's curves show the breakdown voltage of gases as a function of the parameter p
15 illus, 16 ref
Chen L;Zhou S;Sun F
007778 Chen L;Zhou S;Sun F (Postgraduate School, Naval Engineering Univ, Wuhan, 430 033, P R China, Email: lgchenna@yahoo.com) : Constructal minimization of emitter grid resistance of solar cell with variable cross-section collectors. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(8), 586-92.
In constructal theory, the optimal shape (geometry) and structure of nature and engineered systems are the outcome of their functionality and resources and constraints. The constructal volume-point flow model is applied to the design and performance optimization of solar cells in this paper. The optimal electrode distribution in emitter of a solar cell is obtained by using optimized variable cross-section collectors and rectangular elemental areas. The minimum series electrical resistance is taken as optimization objective. The minimum series electrical resistance obtained herein is smaller than that obtained by using optimized constant cross-section collectors. The results show that the constructal design succeeds to compromise effectively the conflict between decreasing the series electrical resistance and decreasing shadow for the design of solar cells.
5 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref
Bera M;Ray M
007777 Bera M;Ray M (Applied Optics & Photonics Dep, Calcutta Univ 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata-700 009, Email: mina_ray@rediffmail.com) : Precise detection and signature of biological/chemial samples based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). J Optics 2009, 38(4), 232-48.
In view of the increasing need for detection and analysis of chemical and biochemical substances in many important areas including medicine, environmental monitoring, biotechnology, drug and food monitoring, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor technology holds a significant potential. An intermediate dielectric layer may be introduced between the glass prism and the thin metallic film to have a better precision in chemical sensors. In this paper we have studied and simulated various SPR curves in MATLAB environment, which further helps to determine certain optical properties, such as refractive index and thickness of homogeneous thin transparent films. Based on the proposed application of SPR to the sensor technology, our simulation results throw some insight into the sensitivity of detection and signature of various chemical/biological samples. In order to increase the precision, some supplementary procedural techniques have also been proposed to compensate for the minor errors during the measurement of a particular sensing parameter used in the SPR based bio/chemical sensor.
12 illlus, 4 tables, 23 ref
Bera A;Surendra Ram;Singh S K;Kumar D; Kacchwaha A;Tiwari B L;Vaijapurkar S G
007776 Bera A;Surendra Ram;Singh S K;Kumar D; Kacchwaha A;Tiwari B L;Vaijapurkar S G (NRMA Div, Radiation dosimetry and Processing Group, Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur, Email: Vaijapurkar@yahoo.com) : Radiochromic behaviour of bromocresol green-polyethylene glycol system towords gamma-radiation. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(11), 837-9.
Active BCG-PEG radiochromic liquid system has been formulated for potential application as threshold dosimeter for gamma radiation that can be visually evaluated. PEG concentrations have been varied to see their effect on the radiation sensitivity of these systems. The response characteristics are monitored both visually and by UV-Vis spectrometry. The minimum visually detectable level achieved with the formulated solution is 0.2 kGy, where the solution showed a sharp colour change from green to yellow. The detection level could be moved to the higher side by increasing the concentration of PEG in the formulation. Preliminary dose dependence studies have been carried out in the range 0.3-7.5 kGy/hr.
3 illus, 1 table, 4 ref
Bardakci B;Bahceli S
007775 Bardakci B;Bahceli S (Physics Dep, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Univ, Burdur, 15030, Turkey, Email: bbardakci@mehmetakif.edu.tr) : FTIR study of modification of transition metal on zeolites for adsorption. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(9), 615-20.
Adsorption of 1-propanethiol on Co2+ and Cd+2 modified, synthetic (3A, 4A and 13X) zeolites were studied by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy and SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray) graphics. Amount of metal cations on mentioned zeolites was measured by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometer). Based on divalent cations of zeolites, it was assumed that cations may affect their adsorption properties. The nature of the cations present in a given type zeolite markedly affects the physical and chemical feature of the system, for instance, valance and size of cations and their location in the zeolite framework influence adsorption, molecular sieving and catalytic properties. In this study, we used cation exchanged zeolites as adsorbents due to their high surface area. Zeolites with divalent cations show an affinity to adsorp 1-propanethiol comparing to their ordinary positions with monovalent cations. The lack of S-H band in IR spectra gives an idea, that sulphur may make a bond to metal (Cd2+ or Co2+) or it makes a bond to H atom of isolated OH groups of zeolite surface.
8 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref
Aydin M
007774 Aydin M (Faculty of Education, Adiyaman Univ, TR 02030-Adiyaman, Turkey, Email: maydin@adiyaman.edu.tr) : EPR study of free radicals in amino acid derivatives gamma-irradiated at 300 K. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(9), 611-14.
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to study the free radicals in N-acetyl-L-leucine methyl ester and N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid powders gamma-irradiated at room temperature (300 K). It has been found that gamma-irradiation produces the (CH3)2CCH2CH(NHCOCH3)COOCH3 radical in the first and the HOOCCH2CH2C(NHCOCH3)COOH radical in the second compounds. The g values of the radicals and the hyperfine coupling constants of the free electron with the environmental methyl, methylene protons and 14N nucleus have been determined. Both free radicals are found to be stable without almost intensity diminution for five months at room temperature. The results have been found to be in good agreement with the existing literature data.
2 illus, 25 ref
Arup Kumar
007773 Arup Kumar (Physics Dep, Govt. Zirtiri Residential Science College, Aizawl-796 001, Email: arupk08@gmail.com) : The birth and death of a star. Sci Vision 2010, 10(4), 153-8.
Scientists believe that nearly 15 billion (15 x 109) years ago the universe originated in a huge exploªsion, called the 'Big Bang'. At the time of big bang, the size of the universe was just like a point and all matter, energy, forces were condensed into this point of zero volume and infinite density. Thus the big bang is the creation of everything - all space, energy, force, radiation and even time. The concept of time has no meaning before big bang. In this article, we shall try to explain how a star is born from the giant molecular clouds of hydrogen and helium. Then how a star is evolved and what is the ultimate fate of it. The end products of a star may be a white dwarf or a neutron star. But for a massive star, ultimately it may end up to a black hole by ongoing gravitational collapse.
4 ref
Arunkumar T;Jayaprakash R;Prakash A;Suneesh P U;Karthik M;Sanjay Kumar
007772 Arunkumar T;Jayaprakash R;Prakash A;Suneesh P U;Karthik M;Sanjay Kumar (Physics Dep, Solar Energy Laboratory, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya, College of, Coimbatore-641 020) : Thermo physical properties and an improvement in production of distillate yield in pyramid solar still with boosting mirror. Indian J Sci Technol 2010, 3(8), 879-84.
Reports the experimental analysis of a pyramid solar still with boosting mirror system for increasing the distillate yield rate under clear climatic conditions in Coimbatore (11± N latitude), India. The radiation received by the still is boosted up by reflecting the solar radiation. A tracking system keeps track of incident radiation into the still. The area of the still is 0.25 m2. Water and ambient temperature are measured along with solar radiation and humidity at regular intervals of time. The inner and outer faces of the glass cover temperatures are also recorded. The average solar radiation received is 760.43 W/m2. The daily average efficiency of the still was found to be 15%. A 2.9 l/m2/d distillate yield is obtained with the help of the boosting mirror; whereas, 1.52 l/m2/day are collected without the boosting mirror. In this work an attempt has been made to study the effect of heat transfer within a pyramid solar still. The thermo physical properties of the still are analyzed for this study. Thermal conductivity dynamic viscosities of water are also studied for this system. The thermal conductivity is in the range of 26.77 x 10
12 illus, 16 ref
Arivazhagan M;Sambathkumar K;Jeyavijayan S
007771 Arivazhagan M;Sambathkumar K;Jeyavijayan S (Physics Dep, A A Govt Arts College, Musiri-621 201) : Density functional theory study of FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 7-acetoxy-4-methyl coumarin. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(10), 716-22.
The solid phase FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 7-acetoxy-4-methyl coumarin have been recorded in the regions 4000-50 cm-1 and 3500-100 cm-1, respectively. The spectra were interpreted with the aid of normal coordinate analysis following full structure optimization and force field calculation based on density functional theory using standard B3LYP/6-311 + G
3 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref
Arabshahi H
007770 Arabshahi H (Physics Dep, Ferdowsi Mashhad Univ, Mashhad, Iran, Email: arabshhi@um.ac.ir) : Comparison of hot electron transport properties in wurtzite phase of ZnS, GaN and 6H-SiC. Indian J Sci Technol 2010, 3(8), 844-48.
An ensemble Monte Carlo simulation have been carried out to study temperature and doping dependencies of electron drift velocity in ZnS, GaN and 6H-SiC. We study how electrons, initially in thermal equilibrium, drift under the action of an applied electric field within bulk of these materials. Calculations are made using a non-parabolic effective mass energy band model, Monte Carlo simulation that includes all of the major scattering mechanisms. The band parameters used in the simulation are extracted from optimized pseudopotential band calculations to ensure excellent agreement with experimental information and ab-initio band models. For all materials, it is found that electron velocity overshoot only occurs when the electric field is increased to a value above a certain critical field, unique to each material. This critical field is strongly dependent on the material parameters. Transient velocity overshoot has also been simulated, with the sudden application of fields up to 600 kVm-1, appropriate to the gate-drain fields expected within an operational field effect transistor. The electron drift velocity relaxes to the saturation value of about 1.5x105 ms-1 within 3 ps, for all crystal structures.
5 illus 1 table, 10 ref
Abdelmoneim H M
007769 Abdelmoneim H M (Physics Dep, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univ, Giza, Egypt, Email: abdelmoneimhussein@gmail.com) : Dielectric properties of TixLi1-xLa0.1Fe1.9O4 ferrite thin films. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(8), 562-70.
The variation of dielectric constant (ε'), dielectric loss factor (ε") and the ac conductivity (σac) of mixed TixLi1-xLa0.1tFe1.9O4 (where x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9) ferrite thin films has been studied as a function of both frequency and temperature. The variation of dielectric constant with different temperature in all films gives a broad peak. The maximum peak is almost fixed at 500 K independent of lithium content. The ε'(f) and ε"(f) curves at different temperatures for all samples show a higher dispersion in the low frequency region. The conduction phenomenon is explained on the basis of a correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. According to the CBH model, the maximum barrier height at infinite separation ((U) is determined.
8 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref
Zoliana B;Vanchhawang L;Rohmingliana P C; Thapa R K
006618 Zoliana B;Vanchhawang L;Rohmingliana P C; Thapa R K (Physics Dep, Govt. Zirtiri Residential Sciences College, Aizawl-796 007) : Radon and the risk of lung cancer in Aizawl district, Mizoram, India. Sci Vision 2010, 10(2), 66-72.
Aizawl district chhungah hian radon tarn lam teh a ni a. Kan tehna hmanrua atan chuan Solid State Nuclear Track Device (SSNTD) hman a ni. He SSNTD hi a bika siam plastic cylinder, a hming atana 'dosimeter' an tih chhungah dahin radon atanga lo chhuak alpha particles te hnuhma (nuclear track) a lo chhinchhiah a. He nuclear track tarn lam hi Govt. Zirtiri Residential Science College laboratory-ah Spark counter hmanga chhiar a ni. Sik leh sa, nun pui hrang hrang, fur, thlasik leh nipui chhunga Aizawl district bikah in sak dan chi hrang hrang chhunga radon tarn lam danglam dan he report-ah hian tar Ian a ni. Chu bakah, in sakna hmun ram leilung awm dan te azir pawh lantir tel a ni bawk. Radon hian chuap cancer a thlen thei tih finfiah a ni tawh a; meizial tih lohah chuan a thlentu nasa ber a ni hial. India ramah hian Aizawl district hi a mi cheng tam lama teha mipa leh hmeichhe zinga chuap cancer nei tam ber pakhatna ve ve hauhtu a ni. He chuap cancer tam em emna chhan hi radon boruak vang a ni thei ang em tih chu he report hi a khuh hawnna atan kan hmang dawn a ni.
15 ref
Verma S P;Lall N R
006617 Verma S P;Lall N R (Physics Dep, National Institute of Technolgy, Patna-800 005) : Binding energy calculation of three quark baryons using spin dependent potentials. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(12), 851-4.
The binding energy of ground state baryons (neutron and lambda particles) has been investigated under non-relativistic quantum mechanics using spin-dependent potential model based on Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). The three-body Schrodinger equation has been transformed into a set of coupled integral equation in single variable (hyper radius p) using Hyperspherical Harmonic method and the hyper radial equation is numerically solved using Gauss quadrature procedure. The q-q potentials used for the calculation of ground state binding energy of neutron and lambda particles, is in the Harvey form of potential. The calculations have been performed for global quantum number K = 0.
27 ref
Thapa R K;Ghimire M P;Rosangliana;Sandeep; Lalmuanpuia
006616 Thapa R K;Ghimire M P;Rosangliana;Sandeep; Lalmuanpuia (Physics Dep, Mizoram Univ, Aizawl-796 009) : DOS and band structures calculations of transition metals (W and Nb) using FP-LAPW method. Sci Vision 2010, 10(2), 57-61.
Describes a technique to determine the density of states (DOS) and band structures results of W and Nb by using FP-LAPW method in the framework of density functional theory (DFT), within generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Calculated the optimized lattice constants of both W and Nb and used them to find the DOS and band structures. Our study indicates that DOS of W and Nb are similar in character. The DOS of Nb at the Fermi level is quite large as compared to W. These are indicative of good conductivity. The contribution to DOS and band structures is due to d state electrons of W and Nb. Our study indicates that W and Nb are metallic in character.
4 illus, 9 ref
Schmatz J;Holland M;Giese S;Van der Zee W; Urai J L
006615 Schmatz J;Holland M;Giese S;Van der Zee W; Urai J L (Structural Geology, Tectonics and Geomechanics, Geological Institue, RWTH Aachen Univ, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Email: j.schmatz@ged.rwth-aachen.de) : Clay smear processes in mechanically layered sequences-results of water-saturated model experiments with free top surface. J Geol Soc India 2010, 75(1), 74-88.
The aim of this study is to improve our knowledge of the processes that lead to clay smear during faulting of a layered sand-clay sequence in an analogue sandbox model. Carefully characterized mechanical properties of the materials used by a series of geotechnical tests. Displacement field was quantified using PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry). The model is water-saturated to allow the deformation of wet clay and sand in one experiment comprising a sand package with a horizontal layer of clay above a predefined rigid basement fault. The thickness and rigidity of the clay layer are the parameters varied in this study. The model shows a range of structures that are related to competence contrast between sand and different clay types. Results show ductile shearing of soft clay with a transition to brittle fracturing of stiff clay accompanied by, the formation of totaling clay blocks in the fault zone. Localized deformation is observed through time showing (i) the propagation of one active fault migrating laterally through the sediment package, and (ii) the formation of a stable prism between two or more active faults that gets progressively smaller with minor rotation of the hanging wall fault. Continuous clay smear is observed resulting from the lateral injection of clay as well as from a reworked mixture of sand and clay.
2 illus, 1 table, 40 ref
Roychowdhury S;Kain V;Dey G K
006614 Roychowdhury S;Kain V;Dey G K (Materials Science Div, Barc Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085) : Stress corrosion cracking studies in AHWA/BWR simulated environment. BARC Newsl 2009, 302(Mar), 6-9.
6 illus, ref
Muhith A;Sagar D K;Ahmad A
006613 Muhith A;Sagar D K;Ahmad A (Physics Dep, Nizam College, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 001) : Excess permittivity of leukemic human erythrocytes. Bioinfolet 2011, 8(1), 91-2.
Excess permittivity of erythrocytes was high in the case of leukaemic condition than in normal. Leukemia influences the physiology of the erythrocyte membrane. The leukemic erythrocytes seem to behave as very sensitive sensors picking up signals and storing them in their membrane which become more dielectric than normal erythrocytes.
1 tables, 4 ref
Karhale G A;Pawar N P;Kawale R S;Tumberphale U B;Kalamse G M
006612 Karhale G A;Pawar N P;Kawale R S;Tumberphale U B;Kalamse G M (Microwave Research Lab, P.G. Physics Dep, N E.S. Science College, Nanded-431 605) : Microwave dielectric study of cinnamon (Cinnamoum zeylanicum) at 9.85 frequency. Bioinfolet 2011, 8(1), 77-84.
Values of dielectric constant (ε'), dielectric loss(ε'') relaxation time (τP), and conductivity (a) and moisture content of pulverized samples of cinnamon bark were measured for different packing densities at 9.85 GHz microwave frequency and at different temperatures (20°C,35°iC and 50°C). Experimental results on powders of different packing fraction (δr) were used to obtain transformation to 100% solid bulk using correlation formulae of Landau-Lifshitz-Looyenga and Softener. Moisture content was measured by Thermo-gravimetric method. It is found that, there was fair agreement between the calculated values of dielectric parameters and the values obtained experimentally for solid bulk. This shows cohesion in the particles of cinnamon bark powder under investigation.
10 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref
Jeyavijayan S;Arivazhagan M
006611 Jeyavijayan S;Arivazhagan M (Physics Dep, J J College of Engineering and Technology, Tiruchirappalli-6920 009) : Density functional theory and vibrational spectra of hypoxanthine. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(12), 869-74.
The molecular vibrations of hypoxanthine have been investigated in polycrystalline sample at room temperature by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and FT-Raman spectroscopies. The solid phase FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of the title compound have been recorded in the regions 4000-50 and 3500-100 cm-1, respectively. The spectra were interpreted with the aid of normal coordinate analysis following full structure optimization and force field calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) using standard B3LYP/6-311+G** method and basis set combination. The geometries and normal modes of vibration obtained from the DFT method are in good agreement with the experimental data. The total energy distribution (TED) values obtained reflect the correctness of the vibrational assignments.
3 illus, 5 tables, 22 ref
Ishwara Bhat J;Manjunatha M N;Shree Varaprasad N S
006610 Ishwara Bhat J;Manjunatha M N;Shree Varaprasad N S (Chemistry Dep, Mangalore Univ, Mangalagangothri-574 199, Email: bhatij@yahoo.com) : Acoustic behaviour of citric acid in aqueous and partial aqueous media. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(12), 875-80.
Measurement of ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity at different concentrations of citric acid in water, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulphoxide, and their mixtures have been carried out at 303 K using ultrasonic interferometer at frequency 2 MHz. The data obtained are used to evaluate various acoustic parameters in view of identification of the presence of ion-solvent interaction under prevailing conditions. Ultrasonic velocity has been found to increase with increase in the composition of DMSO and to decrease with DMF in water. The compressibility has been found to decrease with the increase in concentration for all compositions indicating the increase in ion-solvent interaction.
3 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref
Indulal C R;Sajeev Kumar G;Vaidyan A V; Raveendran R
006609 Indulal C R;Sajeev Kumar G;Vaidyan A V; Raveendran R (Physics Dep, S N College, Kollam, Kerala-691 001, Email: cr_indulal@yahoo.com) : Characterization, dielectric and optical studies of cerium molybdo tungstate nanoparticles. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(12), 893-8.
Nanoparticles of cerium molybdo tungstate (CMT) have been prepared by chemical co-precipitation method. The average particle size is determined from X-ray diffraction studies. The nanoparticle nature of the sample is verified using SEM, TEM and AFM images. The surface morphology of the sample is studied from SEM image. The FTIR spectrum has been used to study the stretching and bending frequencies of molecular groups in the sample. Temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric constant and ac electrical conductivity have been investigated. The dielectric permittivities of the samples are evaluated from the observed capacitance values in the frequency range 100 Hz-1 MHz and in the temperature range 50°-110°C. It has been found that with increasing frequency, the dielectric constant decreases. The high value of dielectric constant at low frequencies may mainly be due to the space charge and rotational polarization. Also, the dielectric constant increases with increase in temperature for fixed frequencies. As the temperature increases more and more dipoles will be oriented resulting in an increase in molecular dipole moment. The ac electrical conductivity is evaluated from the permittivity studies. The absorption spectra of the sample in the UV range are recorded. From the analysis of the absorption spectra, the material is found to have a direct band gap of 3.2 eV.
10 illus, 20 ref
Hossain M S;Islam S M A;Quasem M A;Zaman M A
006608 Hossain M S;Islam S M A;Quasem M A;Zaman M A (Physics Dep, National Univ, Gazipur, Bangladesh) : Shielding behaviour of some multilayer shields containing PB and BX. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(12), 860-8.
Neutron shielding properties of poly boron (PB), borax mixed ilmenite-magnetite concrete (BX) and the multilayers PB+BX and their reversed combinations have been studied using a 252Cf point source whose emission characteristics are similar to that of inside a reactor core. For the detection of neutron, a BF3 long counter detector has been used. The shielding characteristics such as transmission factors, removal cross-sections and fluence spectra have been measured. MCNP code has been adopted for the calculations. The multilayered shields are found to show better performance than the single layered ones, thus supporting applicability of it for practical purpose.
11 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref
Garg N;Sharma O
006607 Garg N;Sharma O (Acoustics & Ultrasonic Standard, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110 012, Email: ngarg@mail.nplindia.ernet.in) : Noise emissions of transit trains at curvature due to track lubrication. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(12), 881-5.
The flanging and squealing noise generated by transit metro trains while crossing a curvature path has been studied. The noise emission at curvature is analyzed in case of non lubricated and lubricated track for wayside and interior of the train. The gauge face lubrication does not have a significant effect on the A-weighted noise generated by the train transit system while passing through a curved track. The negation of lubrication effect in controlling the overall A-weighted noise emission is attributed to an additional reaction force component, which accentuates the wheel/rail interaction comparatively more than the reduced high frequency squeal and flanging noise for the lubricated track. This additional force component is generated due to longitudinal and spin creepage on the flange while encountering a curved track and is observed to cause an increase in noise emission in the frequency range 250-400 Hz, where the rail/wheel interaction is dominant; in both way side as well as interior noise levels.
6 illus, 1 table, 7 ref
Dey C;Singh M
006606 Dey C;Singh M (Remote Handling & Robotics Div, Barc Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085) : Development of remotely operated tools to dismantle and reconstitute active spent fuel of taps-1 & 2 for post-irradiation examination. BARC Newsl 2009, 302(Mar), 10-3.
2 illus, 2 ref
Das S;Arifuddin M
006605 Das S;Arifuddin M (Reactor Control Div, BARC, Tromby, Mumbai-400 085) : EC-SMPS hybrid version for nuclear instrumentation and control systems. BARC Newsl 2009, 302(Mar), 2-5.
3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref
Chattopadhyay A;Holdsworth R E;McCaffrey K J W;Wilson R W
006604 Chattopadhyay A;Holdsworth R E;McCaffrey K J W;Wilson R W (Geology Dep, Delhi Univ, Delhi-110 007) : Recording and analyzing geospatially accurate structural data through 'digital mapping' technique: a case study from the Canisp Shear Zone, NW Scotland. J Geol Soc India 2010, 75(1), 43-59.
Spatial accuracy of structural data is an important factor for construction of a properly scaled model of crustal structures. Digital Geological Mapping methods can add the required spatial accuracy to the data, and also can improve the versatility of the geological/structural map in many ways, which are difficult to achieve through conventional mapping techniques. The present paper describes the methodology of digital mapping and discusses its applicability in structural analyses in the Canisp Shear Zone (CSZ) - a reactivated continental basement structure in the Precambrian Lewisian Gneiss complex of NW Scottish Highland. The CSZ is reinterpreted as a major dextral transpressional shear zone developed during Laxfordian deformation. It overprinted an earlier Inverian shear zone fabric, and was later reactivated and/or overprinted by brittle shearing of different phases and different scales. Spatial analyses within the ArcGIST environment has helped bring out the geological relationships between different types of structural data in the shear zone, highlighting the partitioning of deformation into zones of high and low strain. A kinematic interpretation based on the geospatial data analysis, combined with conventional stereographic projection technique, is presented.
12 illus, 1 table, 23 ref
Basu A;Naqvi M M;Chakraborty T K
006603 Basu A;Naqvi M M;Chakraborty T K (Materials Physics and Engineering Div, National Physical Laboratory, Councial of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi-110 012) : Enhancement of transmittance of indium tin oxide coated glass plates. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(12), 899-903.
The transmittance of a glass plate with a transparent conducting coating of a material like indium tin oxide (ITO) can be enhanced by depositing a thin film of a material like silicon dioxide (whose thickness need not be tightly controlled) on top of the transparent conducting coating, avoiding the necessity of designing and depositing a complex multilayer antireflection coating on the opposite surface of the glass plate. The theory behind this performance of the silicon dioxide film and some actual experimental results have been reported.
4 illus, 15 ref
Ayodo Y K;Khanna K M;Sakwa W T
006602 Ayodo Y K;Khanna K M;Sakwa W T (Physics Dep, Masinde Muliro Univ, Box 190, Kakamega, Kenya) : Thermodynamical variations and stability of a binary Bose-Fermi system. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(12), 886-92.
The low-temperature thermodynamic variables of entropy, internal energy and specific heat capacity of a liquid 3He-4He binary system have been studied. The system showed a remarkable discontinuity in internal energy at about 2.14 K. In the binary mixtures, the bosonic components have been studied by means of modified Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) approximations and the fermionic components by Thomas-Fermi (TF) approximations. Equations for particle and energy distributions have been developed. The effects of the nature of scattering lengths have been studied. Implications on selected Bose-Fermi mixtures such as 7Li-6Li and 41K-40K are discussed.
9 illus, 14 ref
Alaria M K;Sunny;Sinha A K;Srivastava V
006601 Alaria M K;Sunny;Sinha A K;Srivastava V (Microwave Tubes Area, Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Council of Scienti, Pilani-333 031, Email: mukesh_pilani@yahoo.co.in) : Thermal analysis of slow wave structure for a space helix travelling wave tube. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(12), 904-7.
Thermal analysis of the slow-wave structure for Ku-band 140 W helix space traveling wave tube (TWT) has been carried out using ANSYS software v.10.1. To evaluate the thermal aspects of the helix slow-wave structure with three APBN support rods and barrel assembly, the related studies of the slow-wave structure assembly with six, ten and sixteen turns of helix for the Ku-band 140 W space TWT during extreme case of operation, i.e. at saturation and with perfectly rigid base-plate at 80°C have been carried out. The CPU time on Pentium-4, window XP system with 512 MB RAM is 45 min for six turns, one hour for ten turns and one hour 45 min for sixteen turns of helix. The objective of this analysis is reduced the solution time and to get the same result with higher turns of helix.
8 illus, 6 tables, 8 ref
Ahmad T;Ahmad N;Ahmd S;Zafar M
006600 Ahmad T;Ahmad N;Ahmd S;Zafar M (Applied Science Section, Polytechnic Univ, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002) : Characteristics of compound multiplicity in hadron-nucleus collisions. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(12), 855-9.
A comparative study of compound multiplicity distribution at three different energies for pion-nucleus and proton-nucleus collisions is presented. The variation of the ratio D(Nc)/
8 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref
Abdul Muhith;Sagar D K;Ahmed A
006599 Abdul Muhith;Sagar D K;Ahmed A (Physics Dep, Nizam College, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 001) : Dielectric nature of malarial blood. Bioinfolet 2011, 8(1), 54-5.
2 illus, 1 table, 1 ref
Singh A K;Gupta S K
005540 Singh A K;Gupta S K (Applied Sciences and Humanities Dep, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: aksinghphd@yahoo.com) : Solition evolution in an inhomogeneous pair cold plasma. Dronacharya Res J 2009, 1(1), 61-9.
The soliton evolution in a pair plasma is studied on the basis of a relevant Korteweg-deVries (K-dV) equation derived with the help of reductive perturbation technique, by taking into account the density inhomogeneity. Three types of the modes are found to propagate in such a plasma. However, only one mode corresponds to the soliton evolution for a particular range of velocity difference of positrons and electrons. This range shows the dependence on the temperature and mass ratios of the positrons and electrons. In addition, it is realized that only the rarefactive solitons are possible in the present plasma model. The phase velocity, peak soliton amplitude and soliton width is studied together with the effects of plasma density, positron temperature and speeds of positrons and electrons.
4 illus, 26 ref
Purohit I;Purohit G;Rawat B S;Joshi G C
004461 Purohit I;Purohit G;Rawat B S;Joshi G C (NO, Renewable Energy Technology and Application, The Energy and Resource Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, CGO Complex, New Delhi-110 003) : Drying of some medicinal produces in Uttarakhand using solar energy. J Mount Res 2008, 3(Dec), 73-85.
Himalayan region of India is a major source of medicinal/ aromatic plants & produces, herbs, flowers and a number of cash crops; which are used in manufacturing of a number of medicinal, cosmetic and commercial products. The processing especially drying of these produces involves a big amount of energy and most of the industries use the electrical drying. Dried form of Amla, Bahera, Harde, Ginger, Turmeric, Mint and Plash are used in a number of medicinal applications and manufacturing of various cosmetic, domestic and commercial products. In the present study these medicinal products/ produces in their raw form have been dried in solar dryers and their performance has been compared with the traditionally method of drying i.e. open sun drying. For the purpose present work two prototype models of solar dryer (one simple cabinet type & other convective cabinet type) have been fabricated locally and their testing has been carried out at Srinagar, Uttarakhand (Latitude=30°13' N, Longitude=78° 48' E; and Altitude=579m) located in the mid Himalayan region. The comparative study involves investigating the parameters viz. moisture content, drying rate, constant rate period and falling rate for these products. The climatic/operating parameters viz. solar radiation, ambient temperature, relative humidity, inside air temperature of the dryer etc. have been periodically monitored and measured during the experimental investigation. It has been found from the experimental studies that cabinet type solar drier might be very useful for processing and proper enhancement of high moisture contenting products in the climatic conditions of Himalayan regions. As an outcome of the testing exercise it has been conducted that the overall efficiency of the solar dryers is always more than 40 to 50% than the traditional method of drying for most of the selected products. The experimental results obtained from testing are presented and discussed.
9 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref
Mishra A K;Mishra K K;Tiwari S N;Dutta R
004460 Mishra A K;Mishra K K;Tiwari S N;Dutta R (Physics Dep, Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity Univ, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Email: akmishra@lko.amity.edu) : Augmentation of graft compatibility through electric control. Indian J scient Res 0000, 1(2), 27-31.
Grafting is important means for getting good yields in plants because it does not implicate soma clone variation in products. The augmentation of graft compatibility contributes significantly in horticulture, floriculture and forestry production. The graft compatibility and its augmentation depend upon various natural factors like environment, weather, soil conditions and protective measures etc. The present study examines the role of external electric field on augmentation of graft compatibility. For this purpose, the external forward and reverse DC electric currents of 5, 10, 20 and 30 microampere were passed across the scion and stock in more than two hundred specimens of the Rosa indica graft for 24 hours after grafting and their percentage growths were recorded. It was found that the graft compatibility was augmented by applying D.C. current directed from stock of scion of graft union up to 20 ma. The electric control of graft compatibility, its dependency on direction of the current and its pattern of variation have been envisaged in the findings.
Ashok Kumar;Naithani U C
004459 Ashok Kumar;Naithani U C (Physics Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Pauri Campus, Uttarakhand-246 001) : Compositional dependence of the loss tangent and the curie temperature in BAxSri1-xTiO3 ferroelectric perovskites. J Mount Res 2008, 3(Dec), 63-71.
Dielectric loss measurements have been made for mixed crystals of BaxSr1-xTiO3 in the frequency range 0.1 KHz to 1000 KHz at different temperatures, using LCR- Meter (Model No.-PM6360). Using the measured experimental results of loss tangent, we have also calculated the parameters α, β and γ by using the empirical formula [(T-Tc)tanδ = ω(α + β + γT2)] for different values of x (=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0 etc) in BaxSr1-xTiO3-). The impurity dependence of the shift in the Curie temperature is discussed. The Curie temperature of BaxSr1-x TiO3 increases with increase of the impurity concentration of Ba on pure SrTiO3 crystal. The results are in agreement with previous experimental results (Bahadur and Sharma,1975; Miura et.al., 1975; Zhang et.al.,1997).
6 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref
Agbo G A;Chikwendu A O;Obiekezie T N
004458 Agbo G A;Chikwendu A O;Obiekezie T N (Industrial Physics Dep, Ebonyi State Univ, Abakaliki, Nigeria, Email: asboeodwina@yahoo.com) : Variability of daily horizontal component of geomagnetic field component at low and midle latitudes. Indian J scient Res 0000, 1(2), 1-8.
Geomagnetic hourly recorded H-component field were obtained from geomagnetic website (World Data Center, Kyoto) for a set of six stations of nearly the same geographic longitude in a solar minimum year of 1996. The variability of the daily amplitudes of the H-component field was studied during quiet and disturbed days. The quiet and disturbed conditions in each station and on consecutive pair of days were found to be different. There were clear variations in both amplitude and phase. However, the amplitude of the day to day variability on disturbed consecutive pair of days were found to be greater than that on quiet conditions at all times. The variabilities were found to be due to magnetospheric and ionospheric currents. Since in the night time, ionospheric current is assumed to be absent, we suggest that the variation at nighttime is caused by distant magnetopheric current even on magnetically quiet days.
Zakaria G A;Schuette W
023166 Zakaria G A;Schuette W (Madical Radiation Physics Dep, Kreiskrankenhaus Gummersbach, Academic Teching Hospita of the University of Cologne, Withelm-Breckow-Allee 20, 51643 Gummersbach, Germany, Email: zakaria@kkh-gummersbach.de) : Determination of absorbed dose to water for high-energy photon and electron beam-comparison of the standards Din 6800-2 (1997), IAEA TRS 398 (2000) and DIN 6800-2 (2006). J med Phys 2007, 32(1), 3-11.
For the determination of the absorbed dose to water for high-energy photon and electron beams the IAEA code of practice TRS-398 (2000) is applied internationally. In Germany, the German dosimetry protocol DIN 6800-2 (1997) is used. Recently, the DIN standard has been revised and published as Draft National Standard DIN 6800-2 (2006). It has adopted widely the methodology and dosimetric data of the code of practice. This paper compares these three dosimetry protocols systematically and identifies similarities as well as differences. The investigation was done with 6 and 18 MV photon as well as 5 to 21 MeV electron beams. While only cylindrical chambers were used for photon beams, measurements of electron beams were performed using cylindrical as well as plane-parallel chambers. The discrepancies in the determination of absorbed dose to water between the three protocols were 0.4% for photon beams and 1.5% for electron beams. Comparative measurements showed a deviation of less than 0.5% between our measurements following protocol DIN 6800-2 (2006) and TLD inter-comparison procedure in an external audit.
3 illus, 8 tables, 8 ref
Vijayan M
023165 Vijayan M (Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012) : Macromolecular crystallogrpahy in India. J Indian Inst Sci 2007, 87(2), 261-77.
Biological macromolecular crystallography has grown into a major activity in India encompassing nearly 20 institutions and close to twice as many research groups. It is also now at the centre stage of modern biological research in India. The problems addressed by biological crystallographers in the country span a wide spectrum and their efforts have made considerable international impact. Collective initiatives such as those involving microbial pathogens and structure-based inhibitor design have also begun to emerge.
^iia13 illus, 222 ref
Sri Ramachandran P;Raja V;Rajamanickam N
023164 Sri Ramachandran P;Raja V;Rajamanickam N (Physics Research Centre, V.H.N.S.N College, Virudhunagar-626 001, Email: nrmanickam@redifmail.com) : Dissociation energies of ScCl and SbO molecules from experimental energy curves. Asian J Spectrosc 2008, 12(1), 53-6.
The experimental potential curves for th electronic ground state of ScCl and SbO have been constructed by the Rydberg - Klein - Rees - Vanderslice procedure. The values of dissociation energy for ScCl and SbO have been estimated by fitting the empirical functions to the experimental potential energy curve suing correlation coefficients.
2 tables, 13 ref
Somashekar R
023163 Somashekar R (Studies in Physics Dep, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Email: rs@physics.uni-mysore.ac.in) : Line profile analysis and crystal structure of fibers. J Indian Inst Sci 2007, 87(2), 213-19.
Line profile analysis, of X-ray diffraction data collected from samples like metal oxides, polymers, polymer blends and fibers (both man-made and natural), has become a common tool to obtain information of microstructure and lattice defects. Such analysis also have significant effect on the crystal structure of samples. Deals with various line profile analysis techniques including latest developments in the field and their application in crystal structure determination, especially in the case of fibers.
^iia4 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref
Singh Y P;Singh R A
023162 Singh Y P;Singh R A (Dep of Physics, Govt. Women's Polytechnic College, Sagar470 001 (MP), Email: y_p_s_2k@yahoo.com ) : Vibrational properties of dichloroacetate: an anti cancer drug. Asian J Spectrosc 2008, 12(1), 57-9.
Dichloroacetate (DCA), appears to suppress the growth of cancer cells without affecting normal cells, suggesting that it might not have the dramatic side effects of standard chemotherapies. The vibrational absorption spectra of DCA has been studied using AMI. PM3, DFT and ab initio method. Assuming Cs point symmetry, vibrational asignments for the observed frequencies have been proposed. The spectra exhibit distinct features originating from low frequency vibrational modes caused by intramolcular motion. Normal modes have been calculated and an assignment of the observed spectra has been proposed. Experimental frequencies are compared with those obtained by AMI, PM3, DFT and ab initio methods.
1 table, 10 ref
Shaikh A M
023161 Shaikh A M (Solid State Physics Div, Bhabha Atomic research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, Email: shaikham@barc.gov.in) : Investigations in high temeprature single crystal X-ray crystallography. J Indian Inst Sci 2007, 87(2), 237-59.
^iia31 illus, 4 tables, 42 ref
Sengwa R J;Sankhla S;Sharma S
023160 Sengwa R J;Sankhla S;Sharma S (Dielectric Research Laboratory, Physics Dep, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: rjsengwa@rediffmail.com) : Refractometric study of polymers and their blends in solution. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2007, 46(9), 1419-22.
Measurement of refractive index (ND) of poly(vinyl pyrrolidonc) (PVP), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ethylenc glycol) (PEG) in solution at 298 K is presented here. PVP has been investigated in nine different polar solvents including liquid PEG200 and PEG400, whereas PVA. PEG. and PVP+PVA and PVP+PEG blend have been investigated in water solution. High frequency limiting dielectric constant (ε∞) has been taken as the square of the measured refractive index (ε∞ = nD2. It is observed that the concentration dependent ε∞ values of these systems exhibit linear behaviour. The ε∞ values of the pure polymers have been determined from the measured ε∞ values of their polymeric solutions. The effect of molecular weight of the polymers on the electronic polarization is discussed by considering comparative ε∞ values of different molecular weight polymers. Results reveal that these polymers and their blends have high solubility in the used solvents, which is mainly due to the polymer-solvent hydrogen bond interactions.
3 illus, 1 table, 27 ref
Seema;Panwar A
023159 Seema;Panwar A (Chemistry Dep, J.V. College, Baraut, Bagpat-250 611) : Refractive index and density of organochloropesticides in water. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2007, 33(4), 467-72.
Density and Refractive of organochloropesticides (2,4-D Sodium Salt, Monocrotophos, Phosphamidon, Malathion, Endosulfan) in water have been determined at different temperatures (308 - 323 K). Refractive index and density data have been analysed using various equations and it has been concluded that solute-solvent interaction occurs in pesticide solution in water.
3 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref
Seema;Panwar A
023158 Seema;Panwar A (Chemistry Dep, J.V. College, Baraut, Bagpat-250 611) : Ultrasonic velocity measurements of organochloro-pesticides in water. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2007, 33(4), 461-6.
Ultrasonic velocity of organochloropesticides in water has been measured at different temperature (308 - 323 K). Using these data adiabatic compressibility, apparent molar compressibility, molar sound velocity, molar sound compressibility, specific acoustic impedance, relative association constant, salvation number and apparent molar volume have been evaluated. The effect of temperature on these parameters has also been studied.
2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref
Rafi M;A Tuwirqi R;A Sarehi A;Khan I A
023157 Rafi M;A Tuwirqi R;A Sarehi A;Khan I A (King Abdul Aziz University, Faculty of Science, , P O Box 16751, Jeddah, 21474, Saudi Arabia, Email: proffessor_rafi@hotmail.com) : New five-parameter empirical potential energy functions of stable diatomic molecules. Asian J Spectrosc 2008, 12(1), 49-52.
Empirical potential energy functions are proposed for those molecules for which the theoretical and Rydberg-Klein-Rees methods cannot be applied. Proposes four five parameter functions which are the modified forms of Morse functions. A comparison of these functions is made with those of Morse and hulburt and Hirschfelder.
24 ref
Nair K P R
023156 Nair K P R (NO, , Lindenbergstr. 21, 89134 Blaustein, Ulm, Germany, Email: kprnair@gmail.com) : High resulution spectroscopy on phosphine molecule. Asian J Spectrosc 2008, 12(1), 1-14.
Phosphine is a highly toxic compound generally uded in pest control. It is believed to be one of the toxic gases involved in Bhopal (India) tragedy. Deals with a review on the sectroscopic studies of this molecule. The work also includes fourier Transform far Infrared Rotational spectroscopy studies on the lolwer rotational transitions involving J=5 up to J=18 cm-1 of the isotopic species of phosphine, PD3 milecule. Rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been determined from an analysis of the lines involving J=5 to J=18 and compared with earlier results. It is in good agreement with the results from a similar study by Cane et al.
4 tables, 137 ref