HASHEMI M
039082 HASHEMI M (Geology Dep, Payame Noor Univ, Iran, Email: economic.geology@yahoo.com) : Remote sensing and airborne geophysics studies for uranium and thorium exploration in Zahedan area (Southeastern Iran). Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2020, 49(2), 201-6.
The study area is located in Nehbandan-Khash zone according to the structural classification of Iran. The outcrops of this area are mainly composed of Cenozoic and Quaternary units. The structure of the area, under the influence of faults and folding, has a trend from north-northwest to south-southeast. Airborne data of radiometric was collected in the study area. In the exploration area of Zahedan, after processing and statistical analysis airborne radiometric data and preparing the map of the radioactive elements with the same intensity, the anomaly ranges were determined. For this purpose, two Ordinary Kriging and inverse distance squared technique were used to estimate the data. The trend of these radioactive elementanomalies in the area was the general northwest-southeast trend, as identified in the maps. These anomalies of the radioactive elements are found in the Oligo-Miocene granodiorites units. Three anomaly ranges are located in the north eastern corner of the sheet, which are proposed as valuable anomalies for continuing exploratory study.
9 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref
KUMARI A, RANJAN A, MAHTO D
006371 KUMARI A, RANJAN A, MAHTO D (Physics Dep, T. M. B. Univ, Bihar- 812 007, Email: dipomahto@hotmail.com) : Change in mass of spinning black holes due to change in angular momentum. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect D 2019, 38D(2), 86-90.
The present paper reviews the change in mass of spinning black holes w.r.t. the angular momentum in AGN as proposed by Mahto, D. & Kumari, A. to show that the change in mass of spinning black holes due to change in the angular momentum decreases with increasing their masses for both categories of spin a*=1/2 & a*=1 in the same manner provided that the change in mass of spinning black holes w.r.t. the angular momentum for a*=1/2 is lesser than to that of spinning black holes of the same mass for a*=1.
1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref
KUMAR D N, MADHU T, KUMAR G R, REDDY E C
006370 KUMAR D N, MADHU T, KUMAR G R, REDDY E C (Civil Engineering Dep, Martin’s Engineering Coll, Telangana- 500 014, Email: Naresh.geology@gmail.com) : Land cover change detection of Medchal Mandal and its surroundings using saga software. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Geo 2019, 38F(2), 274-80.
Land cover change detection is more important to understand the present scenario of the geographical condition of the region, for this analyses SAGA (System for Automated Geoscientific Analysis) software used for calculates the change detection between two different years such as 2008 to 2017. In this study, we collected Landsat 8 and Landsat 5 satellite images with 30m resolution. The change detection classified based on k means cluster analysis in saga software. The clusters are a wasteland, Cultural waste, Follow land, barren land, Water, uncultivated land, cultivated misc and tree, other follow land and the Net area sown. Each one have 87,34,70, 20,23,77,53,53 and 89 km2 in 2008 and 79,51,47,31,41,68,50,60,and 89 km2 in 2017. Change matrix method detected 16% of changes in the study area. Colour occupation is the main resources for classification of this study for that we used unsupervised classification. The changes mainly occur in and around of national highway (NH 44). The major land cover changes are in the center portion of the study area and towards the south-east and North West small changes.
3 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref
CHRISTIANTO V, SMARANDACHE F
006369 CHRISTIANTO V, SMARANDACHE F (Malang Institute of Agriculture, Malang, Indonesia, Email: victorchristianto@gmail.com) : A thousand words: How Shannon entropy perspective provides link between exponential data growth, average temperature of the earth and declining earth magnetic field. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Geo 2019, 38F(2), 225-31.
The sunspot data seems to indicate that the Sun is likely to enter Maunder Minimum, then it will mean that low Sun activity may cause low temperature in Earth. If this happens then it will cause a phenomenon which is called by some climatology experts as “The Little Ice Age” for the next 20-30 years, starting from the next few years. Therefore, the Earth climate in the coming years tend to be cooler than before. This phenomenon then causes us to ask: what can we do as human being in Earth to postpone or avoid the worsening situation in terms of Earth cooling temperature in the coming years? We think this is a more pressing problem for the real and present danger that we are facing in the Earth. What we are suggesting in this paper is that perhaps it is possible to model Sun-Earth interaction in terms of Shannon entropy. Since Shannon entropy can be expressed as bits of information, then it would mean that perhaps we can do something with Earth temperature by controlling the amount of information transfer and storage in the Earth. This proposal is somewhat in resemblance with message of a 2012 movie “A Thousand words” where we shall strive to love our neighbours and nature, instead of being absorbed in a culture of less-meaningful fast-talk (starred by Eddie Murphy).
2 illus, 14 ref
KUMARI G D, BABU M R, MANI A, RAO C S
006372 KUMARI G D, BABU M R, MANI A, RAO C S (SWE Dep, Dr. NTR Coll of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh) : Remote sensing and GIS based modeling of crop/cover management factor (C) of USLE in Guravajipetta watershed. Andhra Agric J 2019, 66(4), 650-3.
Soil erosion is one of the major environmental problems in terms of degradation. Soil loss due to erosion can be determined using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The key aspects influencing the quantity of soil erosion mainly rely on the vegetation cover, topography, soil type, and climate. One of the most influencing parameters used in USLE model is C factor that represents effects of vegetation and other ground covers. Estimating ground cover by analysis of Remote Sensing imagery involves Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), an indicator that shows vigor of vegetation. Guravajipeta watershed lies in Guravajipeta Gram panchayat of Kanigiri Mandal in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. The main objective of this study was to estimate crop/cover management factor (C) values for the study area with help of NDVI of the area. The NDVI map of the study area was derived from 8th December 2015 LANDSAT- 8 ETM+ imagery. The NDVI map of the area was prepared by using ERDAS IMAGINE 2011 software. The final crop/ cover management factor (C) map was generated using the regression equation in Spatial Analyst tool of ArcGIS 10.3 software. It was found that C factor value of the study area varied between 0 and 1.
4 illus, 8 ref
SRIVASTAVA V
005109 SRIVASTAVA V (Microwave Tubes Div, CSIR– Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani- 333 031) : Design of a microfabricated planar slow wave structure for a 0.22-THz TWT for communication, imaging and remote sensing. IETE Tech Rev 2019, 36(5), 501-9.
A microfabricated planar 0.22 THz TWT is being investigated as a high power, broadband amplifierfor ultra-broadband wireless communication, imaging and remote sensing. Planar staggered doublevane-loaded rectangular waveguide slow wave structure (SDV-SWS) is selected for the 0.22 THz TWT because of its wide bandwidth, high impedance and low loss, easy fabrication using MEMS technologies with high precision and surface finish, and inherent compatibility for operation with sheet electron beam. A simplified approach is presented for determining initial design parameters of the SDV-SWS of wide bandwidth and high impedance. The initial design parameters of the SDV-SWS are used for analytically determining the dispersion and the impedance characteristics of the structure which are found comparable with the simulated characteristics by the 3D e.m. field simulator CST code. The SDV-SWS is designed for a planar 0.22 THz TWT with a sheet beam of beam voltage 20 kV and beam current 100 mA. In-house developed large signal analysis code (SUNRAY-p) is used to analyse RF performance of the planar TWT over the band. The RF performance of the 0.22 THz TWT as determined using SUNRAY-p code is found comparable with the simulated results by the CST code over the frequency band.
12 illus, 1 table, 33 ref
VARADE D M, MAURYA A K, DIKSHIT O
005110 VARADE D M, MAURYA A K, DIKSHIT O (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Development of spectral indexes in hyperspectral imagery for land cover assessment. IETE Tech Rev 2019, 36(5), 475-83.
Spectral indexes (SI) are widely used for land cover characterization and also in several physical models for the study of land surface processes. For example, the normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI) is used in the characterization of soil moisture along with shortwave infrared reflectance. However, for hyperspectral imagery (HSI) comprising many bands within a single spectrum, it is significant to identify the optimal bands for the development of SI. In this paper, we study the potential of band selection in specific bandwidths for the determination of SI. The proposed methodology includes two strategies for development of SI: direct SI determined by the best band within specific spectrums and fused SI determined by fusion of two best bands within specific spectrums. The experiments are conducted using three datasets, two corresponding to snow-covered areas, studied using the normalized differenced snow index (NDSI) and one comprising the agricultural area, studied using NDVI. The developed SI are evaluated through a comparison with the supervised classification maps from the corresponding HSI. A kappa coefficient of 0.693, 0.726 and 0.803 was observed between the results obtained from histogram slicing of SI with respect to the classification maps for the three datasets, respectively.
7 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref
SHINY R, SREEKUMAR J, BYJU G
003877 SHINY R, SREEKUMAR J, BYJU G (ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Kerala- 695 017, Email: byju.g@icar.gov.in) : Coupled multi-model climate and climate suitability change predictions for major cassava growing regions of India under two representative concentration pathways. J Trop Agric 2019, 57(2), 140-51.
Changes in suitability of crops under climate change studies are a pre-requisite to achieve sustainable utilization of available land resources and to attain food security. This study attempts ensembled multimodel prediction of change in climate and climate suitability of cassava by 2030 and 2050 in major cassava growing regions of India under 4.5 and 8.5 representative concentration pathways (RCP). Suitability of cassava was modelled using EcoCrop model in Diva GIS 7.5. Climate and suitability changes were analysed using Diva GIS 7.5 and Arc GIS 10.1. The study showed a general warming of climate over the major cassava growing regions by 2030 and 2050 under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5. The mean temperature of major cassava growing regions in 2030 will increase by 1.18 - 1.550 C and 1.29 - 1.490 C for RCPs 4.5 and 8.5; and 1.62 - 1.780 C and 2.03 - 2.280 C for RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 in 2050. The precipitation in 2030 will increase by 13.57 - 92.40 mm and 25.27-103.70 mm for RCPs 4.5 and 8.5; and in 2050 it will change by -1.91 to 73.4 mm and 5.31 to 56.60 mm for RCPs 4.5 and 8.5. The climate suitabilty will change by -1 to 8 % and -1.34 to 12.02 % in 2030 for RCPs 4.5 and 8.5; and -1.27 to 11.67% and -3.76 to 6.59% for RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 in 2050. Districts in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh showing highest positive and negative impacts on climate suitability of cassava for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 in 2030 and 2050 were identified. Districts showing no negative impact were also predicted. The results showed cassava’s comparative advantage in climate resilence compared to other major food crops such as rice and wheat.
6 illus, 5 tables, 31 ref
CHANDER S
003873 CHANDER S (Entomology Dep, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110 012, Email: schanderthakur@gmail.com) : Development of decision support tools for effective pest management. J Eco-friendly Agric 2019, 14(2), 11-7.
Simulation models have been used for several applications in the area of pest management which helped to increase the efficiency of field research greatly. These have become more relevant in emerging research areas such as climate change impacts on pest dynamics and crop-pest interaction and pest forewarning. The application of geospatial techniques holds promise for efficient pest surveillance and risk analysis on wide-area basis. The appropriate pest management decisions require a holistic crop loss assessment and estimation of multi-pest EILs. The natural enemy populations need to be considered in decision making to prevent unwarranted pesticide applications.
1 table, 39 ref
MUKHOPADHYAY P, PRASAD V S, KRISHNA R P M, DESHPANDE M, GANAI M, TIRKEY S, SARKAR S, GOSWAMI T, JOHNY C J, ROY K
003875 MUKHOPADHYAY P, PRASAD V S, KRISHNA R P M, DESHPANDE M, GANAI M, TIRKEY S, SARKAR S, GOSWAMI T, JOHNY C J, ROY K (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune- 411 008, Email: mpartha@tropmet.res.in) : Performance of a very high-resolution global forecast system model (GFS T1534) at 12.5 km over the Indian region during the 2016–2017 monsoon seasons. J Earth Syst Sci 2019, 128(6), 155.
A global forecast system model at a horizontal resolution of T1534 (∼12.5 km) has been evaluated for the monsoon seasons of 2016 and 2017 over the Indian region. It is for the first time that such a high-resolution global model is being run operationally for monsoon weather forecast. A detailed validation of the model therefore is essential. The validation of mean monsoon rainfall for the season and individual months indicates a tendency for wet bias over the land region in all the forecast lead time. The probability distribution of forecast rainfall shows an overestimation (underestimation) of rainfall for the lighter (heavy) categories. However, the probability distribution functions of moderate rainfall categories are found to be reasonable. The model shows fidelity in capturing the extremely heavy rainfall categories with shorter lead times. The model reasonably predicts the large-scale parameters associated with the Indian summer monsoon, particularly, the vertical profile of the moisture. The diurnal rainfall variability forecasts in all lead times show certain biases over different land and oceanic regions and, particularly, over the north–west Indian region. Although the model has a reasonable fidelity in capturing the spatiotemporal variability of the monsoon rain, further development is needed to enhance the skill of forecast of a higher rain rate with a longer lead time.
16 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref
AKHOURY G, AVISHEK K
003872 AKHOURY G, AVISHEK K (Physics Dep, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi- 835 215, Email: gargiakhoury@bitmesra.ac.in) : Climatic changes over the Arabian Peninsula and their correlation with Indian rainfall. J Earth Syst Sci 2019, 128(6), 147.
The summer monsoon rainfall affects most of the population of the Indian subcontinent. A slight variation of strength and spatial distribution in monsoon rains has huge societal impacts. So understanding the significance of its variability and the factors that control this variability is an imperative task. The Indian monsoon (also regarded as a global phenomenon) varies with the global climatic components like geopotential height, sea surface temperature, outgoing long-wave radiation and mean sea level pressure. The paper presents a statistical analysis of rainfall (over India) and climatic components (over the Arabian Peninsula) and the relationship between them. The period (1979–2013) shows a decrease in monsoon rainfall over the country. During this period, there was an increase in the tropospheric temperature over the Arabian Peninsula. Rainfall showed a direct relationship with the tropospheric temperature and thickness that gets stronger during the period (1979–2013). Except for the northeastern region of India, the rest showed a strong positive correlation with the middle and upper tropospheric temperature over the Arabian Peninsula while the lower tropospheric temperature showed a weak relationship. However, this correlation gets weakened during the El Nino and La Nina years. The findings will be helpful to enhance the Indian rainfall variation and the climatic factors responsible for this variation.
4 illus, 10 tables, 24 ref
RAY J D, VIJAYAN M S M, KUMAR A
003876 RAY J D, VIJAYAN M S M, KUMAR A (Physics Dep, Tezpur Univ, Tezpur, Assam, Email: vijayan@csir4pi.in) : Noise characteristics of GPS time series and their influence on velocity uncertainties. J Earth Syst Sci 2019, 128(6), 146.
Accurate geodetic crustal deformation estimates with realistic uncertainties are essential to constrain geophysical models. A selection of appropriate noise model in geodetic data processing based on the characteristics of the geodetic time series being studied is the key to achieving realistic uncertainties. In this study, we report noise characteristics of a 12-yr long global positioning system (GPS) geodetic time series (2002–2013) obtained from 22 continuous mode GPS stations situated in north-east India, Nepal and Bhutan Himalayas which are one of the most complex tectonic regimes influenced by the largest hydrological loading and impacted with a load of the largest inland glaciers. A comparison of the maximum log likelihood estimates of three different noise models – (i) white plus power law (WPL), (ii) white plus flicker law (WFL) and (iii) white plus random walk noise – adopted to process the GPS time series reveals that among the three models, ∼74 % of the time series can be better described either by WPL or WFL model. The results further showed that the horizontals in Nepal Himalayas and verticals in north-east India are highly correlated with time. The impact analysis of noise models on velocity estimation shows that the conventional way of assuming time uncorrelated noise models (white noise) for constraining the crustal deformation of this region severely underestimates rate uncertainty up to 14 times. Such simplistic assumption, being adopted in many geodetic crustal deformation studies, will completely mislead the geophysical interpretations and has the potential danger of identifying any inter/intra-plate tectonic quiescence as active tectonic deformation. Furthermore, the analysis on the effect of the time span of observations on velocity uncertainties suggests 3 yr of continuous observations as a minimum requirement to estimate the horizontal velocities with realistic uncertainties for constraining the tectonics of this region.
5 illus, 6 tables, 40 ref
HOSSEINI M, HASSANABADI H, HASSANABADI S
003874 HOSSEINI M, HASSANABADI H, HASSANABADI S (Shahrood Univ of Technology, Shahrood, Iran, Email: mahsahosseini16.mh@gmail.com) : The Weyl equation under an external electromagnetic field in the cosmic string space–time. Pramana – J Phys 2019, 93(1), 16.
In this paper we have considered a massless spinor Dirac particle in the presence of an external electromagnetic field in the cosmic string space–time. To study the Weyl equation in the cosmic string framework using the general definition of Laplacian in the curved space, elements of covariant derivative have been constructed and the Weyl equation has been rewritten in the considered framework. Then we have obtained the equation of energy eigenvalues by using the Nikiforov–Uvarov (NU) method. The wave function has been obtained in terms of Laguerre polynomials. An important result obtained is that the degeneracy of the Minkowski space spectral is broken in the transition from Minkowski to cosmic string space.
4 illus, 38 ref
GEBEYEHU A E, CHUNJU Z, YIHONG Z
002602 GEBEYEHU A E, CHUNJU Z, YIHONG Z (Hydraulic Engineering Dep, China Three Gorges Univ, Yichang-443003, Hubei, China) : Assessment and mapping of land use change by remote sensing and GIS: A case study of Abaya Chamo sub-basin, Ethiopia. Nat Environ Pollut Technol 2019, 18(2), 549-54.
Population pressure, lack of awareness and weak management are considered as the real reasons for the deforestation and degradation of natural resources in Ethiopia. Land use land cover (LULC) classification has been widely studied in remote sensing and GIS for the purpose of agricultural, ecological and hydrological processes. This study applied supervised classification method with maximum likelihood classification algorithm in ArcGIS 10.1 software to identify land use land cover changes observed in Abaya Chamo sub-basin, Ethiopia by using Landsat 4-5TM and Landsat-8 OLI/ TIRS images for the years 1995, 2000 and 2017. The LULC classification of the sub-basin was classified into seven major classes. It was found that barren soil, farmland, Lake Abaya and vegetation area had been increased within two decades and the annual rate of change was 0.08%, 0.45%, 0.25% and 0.37% respectively, but grass and shrubland, and woodland area has been decreased by an annual rate of change of 0.48% and 0.10% respectively. In the current situation because of deforestation and expansion of farmlands the sub-basin lakes are under stress by surface runoff, sediment yield and groundwater extraction. Hence, proper planning, management, decision and implementation are required to use the natural resources sustainably or else the natural resources will soon be lost.
2 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref
MCNEIL N, CHUAI-AREE S, MUSIKASUWAN S, OWUSU B E
002606 MCNEIL N, CHUAI-AREE S, MUSIKASUWAN S, OWUSU B E (Mathematics and Computer Science Dep, Prince of Songkla Univ, Mueang Pattani, 94000, Thailand) : Statistical analysis of solar radiation in Southern Statistical analysis of solar radiation in Southern Thailand. Nat Environ Pollut Technol 2019, 18(2), 543-8.
The patterns of daily, monthly and seasonal solar irradiance in the three southernmost provinces of Thailand were investigated. Knowledge of these patterns can help predict future patterns of solar radiation falling on the surface of the earth. Daily solar irradiance observations collected from three surface stations in southern Thailand during one and half years were analysed. A natural cubic spline method was applied to describe the seasonal patterns present in the annual time series of the daily observations. The method, together with an optimum number of knots and their proper placement applied to the observations, yielded quite acceptable fits in describing the seasonal pattern of solar radiation observations. A noticeable feature of the models is the bimodal solar radiation pattern. Pattani province recorded a higher mean amount of solar radiation (450.42 Wm2 ) relative to the other two provinces. These findings will be essential to stakeholders in the design of solar energy systems since solar irradiance is particularly significant for planning the processes of power plants which convert renewable energy into electricity.
4 illus, 1 table, 17 ref
DURGAPAL A K , RANGWAL G, YADAV R K S
002601 DURGAPAL A K , RANGWAL G, YADAV R K S (Physics Dep, Kumaun Univ, Nainital, Uttarakhand, Email: alokdurgapal@gmail.com) : Wide field photometric study of galactic cluster NGC 6067. J Mountain Res 2019, 14(1), 81-3.
We conduct wide field BV photometry of open cluster NGC 6067 using the archive data taken from WFI@2.2 catalogue. The astrophysical parameters of the cluster such as age, cluster center and heliocentric distance using colour magnitude diagrams are calculated. We also calculated the value of interstellar extinction in the direction of this cluster.
2 illus, 5 ref
MATHPAL M C, PANDE B, PANDE S
002605 MATHPAL M C, PANDE B, PANDE S (Physics Dep, Kumaun Univ, Nainital, Uttarakhand, Email: pande.seema@yahoo.com) : Dependence of rainfall on solar activity features. J Mountain Res 2019, 14(1), 77-9.
In the present paper, we have studied the statistical analysis between all India homogeneous rainfall (RF) with sunspot number (SN) during 1900-2014 (115-year period). We have calculated correlations coefficient of rainfall with sunspot number (SN) for annual and seasonal months: January, February (JF); March April May (MAM); June July August September (JJAS) and October November December (OND) and we have obtained high correlation ranging between 0.75 to 0.95. Our results show that rainfall is strongly influenced by sunspot number. Our study also indicates that occurrence of solar activity features play an important role for variability of rainfall.
1 illus, 7 ref
KUMAR R, MATHPAL M C, PANDE B, PANDE S
002604 KUMAR R, MATHPAL M C, PANDE B, PANDE S (Physics Dep, Kumaun Univ, Nainital, Uttarakhand, Email: pande.seema@yahoo.com) : Statistical study of north-south asymmetry during solar cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24. J Mountain Res 2019, 14(1), 73-5.
North-south asymmetry has been a significant aspect exhibited by various solar activity parameters of the Sun. In this work we have statistically analyzed soft X-ray (SXR) flares during the period Jan 1981 to Dec 2016 for four different solar cycles (SCs) covering cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24. We have presented the class wise (B, C, M & X) variation of SXR flares for these SCs. SXR flare activity is lowest in solar cycle 24 as compared to cycles 22 and 23. It is shown that M class activity continuously decreased from SC 21 to 24. X and C class flares show higher activity in SC 22 and 23 as compared to SC 24, whereas B class flare activity is higher for SC 23. We have also studied the north-south (N-S) asymmetry of SXR flares for SCs 21, 22, 23 and 24. Our study revealed that during SCs 21, 22 and 23 the flare activity was more pronounced in the Southern hemisphere. However, the flare activity was equally distributed between the northern and southern hemispheres for SC 24.
2 illus, 5 ref
PANDE S, MATHPAL M C, PANDE B
002608 PANDE S, MATHPAL M C, PANDE B (Physics Dep, Kumaun Univ, Nainital, Uttarakhand, Email: pandebimal@yahoo.co.in) : Application of soft computing (ANN) techniques to study the relationship between solar activity features and total column ozone. J Mountain Res 2019, 14(1), 69-71.
Using 30 years data (1986-2015) we have made an attempt to study the dependency of total column ozone (TCO) on solar activity features: solar flares (SF), solar active prominence (SAP) and sunspot numbers (SN) for two hill stations of Uttarakhand viz. Nainital (29.40 N.79.470 E) and Mussorie (30.270 N 78.060 E) by Artificial neural network (ANN) technique. Our study supports the fact that solar activity features contribute to the production of ozone.
1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref
POKHARIA M, PRASAD L
002609 POKHARIA M, PRASAD L (Physics Dep, Govt. P.G. Coll, Berinag- 262531 Pithoragarh, Email: meenapokharia21@gmail.com) : Study of the very slow speed solar wind streams with cosmic ray intensity and ae index for solar cycle 24 (2008-2013). J Mountain Res 2019, 14(1), 59-61.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the association of the variation of very slow speed solar wind streams (VSSSWS) with the cosmic ray intensity (CRI) and Ae index for solar cycle 24 (2008-2013). A Chree analysis by the superposed epoch method has been done in the study. The results of the present analysis showed that VSSSWS are not able to produce decreases in CRI. The prime source of the variation in magnetic activity near aurora zone is the wind interaction with the magnetosphere, but the speed of VSSSWS is low enough to produce any significant impact on aurora zone magnetic activity.
9 ref
RANGWAL G , YADAV R K S, DURGAPAL A K
002610 RANGWAL G , YADAV R K S, DURGAPAL A K (Physics Dep, Kumaun Univ, Nainital, Uttarakhand, Email: geetarangwal91@gmail.com) : Orbits of open star clusters NGC 6067, NGC 2506 ANG IC 465. J Mountain Res 2019, 14(1), 35-7.
The studies of the orbits of star clusters are very important to understand the evolution of these objects. The survival or dissolution of star clusters in galactic tides within which they orbit depends on their orbit history. The orbits of three galactic clusters namely NGC 6067, NGC 2506 and IC 4651 are calculated using newly available proper motion data taken from GAIA data. These orbits are traced backwards in time which is equal to the age of the clusters. The main parameters of the orbits such as eccentricity, apogalactic distance and perigalactic distance are calculated.
1 illus, 4 ref
BHOJ C, PRASAD L
002596 BHOJ C, PRASAD L (Physics Dep, Govt. P.G. Coll, Berinag - 262 531, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, Email: lalitchandu0809192@gmail.com) : Study of geomagnetic storms, interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind. J Mountain Res 2019, 14(1), 27-9.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the association of the geomagnetic storms with the IMF for solar cycle 24. Result of the present analysis shows that IMF is geoeffective parameter but its impact varies in accordance with different time periods. The correlation coefficient between Dst and IMF found to be -0.6 for solar cycle 24.
13 ref
SINGH J
002613 SINGH J (Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, Karnataka, Email: jsingh@iia.res.in) : The sun-spectroscopic observations of the coronal emission lines and ADITYA-1 mission. J Mountain Res 2019, 14(1), 21-5.
The sun and the solar atmosphere, known as solar corona have been studied in detail for centuries but still lot need to be understood about the sun. In the late 19th and earlier 20th century, the information gathered about the solar corona was from the brief moments available during the total solar eclipses. In the later part space observations provided a large body of information about the solar corona. We obtained systematic high resolution spectroscopic observations in [Fe x] 637.4 [Fe xi] 789.2, [Fe xiii] 1074.7, and [Fe xiv] 530.3 nm emission lines during the period of 1997-2007 with the 25-cm coronagraph at Norikura, Japan. The variation in line widths with height above the solar limb implies that one pair of lines indicate that top of coronal loops are hotter where as other pair of lines shows that loop top is cooler. To explain these results, we proposed an empirical model as all these results are difficult to explain using the existing models. With this background we planned and designed a visible emission line coronagraph (VELC). This instrument is in advance stage of fabrication and is expected to be launched in 2019-20. The challenges and required technical development for this mission are discussed.
2 illus, 13 ref
BHOJ C, PRASAD L, POKHARIA M, MATHPAL C
002597 BHOJ C, PRASAD L, POKHARIA M, MATHPAL C (Physics Dep, Govt. P. G. Coll, Berinag, Uttarakhand 262 531, Email: lalitchandu08091992@gmail.com) : Study of the cosmic ray intensity in relation to geomagnetic storms and solar interplanetary parameters for solar cycles 21 and 23. J Astrophys Astr 2019, 40(3), 26.
This paper comprises the comparative study of the behavior of CRI with geomagnetic storms, southward component of IMF, i.e. |Bz|, IMF B, solar wind speed (V) and V ·|Bz| for two consecutive odd solar cycles 21 (1976–1985) and 23 (1996–2008). Our examination arrived at an interesting result that the strongest decrement in CRI occurs around the same time when Dst achieve their minima. The correlation coefficient of Dst with CRI is observed high for both the solar cycles. We have moreover contrasted the profiles of CRI with B, |Bz| and V and came to the resolution that the strongest increment in B, |Bz| and V happens on the same day when CRI reaches its minimum peak. During the study of CRI with the solar wind speed, we have observed odd behavior for the year 1977 and 2003 with a time lag of one day. We have also found that CRI is highly anti-correlated with V · |Bz| when contrasted with V or |Bz| alone. The correlation coefficient between CRI and V · |Bz| is found to be high and the same (− 0.8) for the solar cycles.
10 illus, 1 table, 18 ref
SHAIKH A Y, SHAIKH A S, WANKHADE K S
002612 SHAIKH A Y, SHAIKH A S, WANKHADE K S (Mathematics Dep, Indira Gandhi Mahavidyalaya, Ralegaon 445 402, Email: shaikh_2324ay@yahoo.com) : Hypersurface-homogeneous modified holographic Ricci dark energy cosmological model by hybrid expansion law in Saez–Ballester theory of gravitation. J Astrophys Astr 2019, 40(3), 25.
The main motive of this investigation is to study the behavior of cosmological model in the presence of matter and a modified holographic Ricci dark energy for homogeneous hypersurface in the scalar tensor theory of gravitation, proposed by Saez–Ballester (Phys. Lett. A, 113, 467 (1986)). The hybrid expansion law (Akarsu et al., JCAP, 01, 022 (2014)) has been used to get a determinate solution. The physical condition that is shear scalar proportional to the expansion scalar is used to obtain the solution of the field equations. The various physical and geometrical aspects of the model are also discussed.
12 illus, 123 ref
MIKHAYLUTSA V P
002607 MIKHAYLUTSA V P (132, Little Ranch Circle, CA 94561, USA, Email: mikhaylutsa@gmail.com) : Shannon entropy transfer between solar magnetic modes. J Astrophys Astr 2019, 40(3), 22.
Based on Shannon entropy transfer estimation technique and Stanford’s solar global magnetic field harmonic coefficients, several new facts about solar magnetic modes have been found. The entropy transferring between most of the modes has been subjected to a steady modulation with a period near 72 solar rotations (5.38 years). As a rule, the amplitudes of entropy transferring modulation were less or equal to 0.1 bit/solar rotation. These modulations had no relations with intensity or configuration of the solar magnetic fields. Besides, Shannon entropy exchanges have been found between some modes—the sign of dependencies of them. Such modes had sector nature. The influence of a magnetic mode on another is strongest with the delay time between the two modes being twenty to forty solar rotations. Special properties have been revealed for zonal modes also.
7 illus, 5 ref
KATORE S D, KAPSE D V
002603 KATORE S D, KAPSE D V (Mathematics Dep, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research, Badnera, Amravati 444 701, Email: dipti.kapse@gmail.com) : Accelerating universe with variable EoS parameter of dark energy in Brans–Dicke theory of gravitation. J Astrophys Astr 2019, 40(3), 21.
We have investigated the spatially homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe filled with barotropic fluid and dark energy in the framework of the Brans–Dicke theory of gravitation. Here we have discussed three models: (i) law of variation for Hubble’s parameter, which leads to a constant value of deceleration parameter, (ii) hybrid expansion law model, and (iii) special form of deceleration parameter model. We have found that among all these derived models, the most suitable standard cosmological model according to the recent cosmological observations is the model with special form of deceleration parameter.
5 illus, 1 table, 65 ref
WESOLOWSKI M
002615 WESOLOWSKI M (Rzeszów Univ, Pigonia 1 Street, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland, Email: marwes@ur.edu.pl) : Impact of light pollution on the visibility of astronomical objects in medium-sized cities in Central Europe on the example of the city of Rzeszów, Poland. J Astrophys Astr 2019, 40(3), 20.
This paper discusses the influence of light pollution of the night sky on the conditions of visibility of astronomical objects such as planets, stars and comets. This phenomenon has a huge impact on the observability of astronomical objects, especially in cities, where the brightness of the sky makes it difficult or even impossible to conduct astronomical observations. The main purpose of this article is to measure and analyse the surface brightness of the night sky in Rzeszów and its surroundings. A device called the Sky Quality Meter was used to measure the brightness of the night sky. This paper presents measurement results for the years 2015 and 2018, from which it is clear that the quality of the night sky has been deteriorated in terms of the observability of celestial bodies. As an example, the numerical value of the measurement for the centre of Rzeszów has been taken. In 2015, this value was 18.70 ± 1.87 mag/arcsec2, while in 2018, it was equal to 16.73 ± 1.67 mag/arcsec2. The results obtained were used to analyse the visibility of celestial bodies. Here, particular attention was paid to the analysis of the visibility of comets (also during the outburst), in the context of increasing light pollution of the night sky. Observers in neighboring villages have also experienced a change in the sky quality from Bortle Class V to Class VII, requiring objects to be approximately one magnitude brighter in order to be visible.
7 illus, 18 tables, 38 ref
RIAZ S M J, SIDDIQUI A A
002611 RIAZ S M J, SIDDIQUI A A (Mathematics Dep, COMSAT’S Univ Islamabad, Wah Cantt. 47040, Pakistan, Email: jawwadriaz@yahoo.com) : First law of black hole thermodynamics for the Kerr black hole using foliation. J Astrophys Astr 2019, 40(3), 19.
This article follows a simpler approach (Siddiqui et al. 2011, Chin. Phys. Lett. 28, 050401) using foliation’s concept with virtual displacement of hyper-surfaces near the event horizon to derive the first law of black hole thermodynamics for the Kerr black hole spacetime.
42 ref
SINGLA S K, GARG R D, DUBEY O P
002614 SINGLA S K, GARG R D, DUBEY O P (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, Email: sandy.dce2014@iitr.ac.in) : Streamlining multitemporal vegetation indices for dependable crop growth monitoring in Himalayan foothill region. Sadhana 2019, 44(6), 139.
Satellite data in conjunction with geoinformatics are used to study the land cover change dynamics, extraction of crop information and the monitoring of crop growth. The information derived from the satellite may contain contaminated values due to the atmospheric effects, geometric errors, snow and clouds. These contaminated values can be identified and eliminated using time series analysis to further streamline for agricultural monitoring and prognostic applications. The inherent advantages and disadvantages of existing streamlining methods limit their usability in particular situation. The method proposed in this study synergizes the use of interpolation, running median and moving average. This has clearly shown the proposal’s capability in preserving the trend in the series in addition to streamlining the temporal profile of satellite data in the Himalayan foothills. This will make the road map for satisfactory crop growth monitoring and crop yield estimation. Analysis based on the root mean square error and F-Test has been presented to deduce the results and interpretations.
9 illus, 4 tables, 48 ref
BHUTADA P O, KULKARNI G B, SHINDE R S
002598 BHUTADA P O, KULKARNI G B, SHINDE R S (VNMKV, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Cotton vegetation condition monitoring using LSWI and NDVI. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1757-62.
This study aims to assess late-season agricultural drought in cotton growing Surendranagar district of Gujarat, India during Kharif cropping season 2015. Persistent abiotic (i.e. Moisture deficits and nutrient deficiency) during flowering and yield formation stage are stress referred to as late-season agricultural drought. Satellite-based indices like the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Land Surface Water Index from landsat-8 satellite data were analyzed. The analysis was carried out by comparing the satellite-derived indices with the previous normal years, and the assessments were made. The satellitebased indices clearly brought out the stress that crop endured during September, while LSWI indicated soil and crop water stress in early September. The result showed that NDVI and LSWI satellite based Vegetation indices which help to derived drought or stress affect cotton crop at critical growth stage very well.
5 illus, 1 table, 15 ref
DHEER P
002600 DHEER P (SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu) : Time series modelling for forecasting of food grain production and productivity of India. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 476-82.
The present study aimed for forecasting of total food grain production and productivity from 2018-2019 to 2025-2026 based on past history from 1950-51 to 2017-2018. Time series modelling and related forecasting were performed using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Auto Regressive Neural Network (ARNN) and ARIMA-ARNN hybrid models. ARIMA (0, 1, 1) were found suitable for the production and yield data based on the least value of Schwarz-Bayesian Criterion (SBC). Secondly, Auto Regressive Neural Network (ARNN) of order ARNN (3, 4) and ARNN (4, 3) was selected for both the dataset respectively. Lastly, ARIMA (0, 1, 1) - ARNN (3, 3) and ARIMA (0, 1, 1) - ARNN (3, 6) were found suitable for both production and yield. All the three models were tested for their forecast accuracy using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Accordingly, the ARNN model was found to be best as compared to the individual ARIMA and hybrid ARIMA-ARNN model. Based on the ARNN model, the forecasting of total food grain production and productivity calculated which would be 356.95 million tonnes with yield of 3183.67 kg/ha by 2025-26.
7 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref
CHAUDHURI S, CHOWDHURY K R, CHOWDHURY A R
002599 CHAUDHURI S, CHOWDHURY K R, CHOWDHURY A R (Physics Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata- 700 032, Email: arc.roy@gmail.com) : Solitary wave and modulational instability in a strongly coupled semiclassical relativistic dusty pair plasma with density gradient. Pramana– J Phys 2019, 92(6), 94.
Using a set of fluid equations to describe the inertial dust grain component in a dense collisionless unmagnetised plasma under the influence of weakly relativistic semiclassical electrons and positrons, the propagation of dust-acoustic wave is studied in the strong coupling regime when the dust density is non-uniform. Our main aim is to analyse the role of semiclassical and relativistic environment (frequently encountered in astrophysical context) on various features of strongly coupled dusty plasma. The semiclassical environment of the electrons and positrons is assumed to be described by the Chandrasekhar equation of state. Our second aim is to see the effect of spatial variation of the dust equilibrium density, which is known to occur due to the deformation of the Debye sheath which in turn leads to polarisation force. A new type of nonlinear Schrödinger equation with spatially varying coefficient is deduced and its modulational stability is studied in detail. In the last section, we have taken recourse to Madelung picture to deduce a variable coefficient Korteweg–de Vries equation from this new nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
11 illus, 27 ref
PAUL A, MAJUMDAR D, MODAK K P
001319 PAUL A, MAJUMDAR D, MODAK K P (Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology Div, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata - 700 064, Email: avik.paul@saha.ac.in) : Neutron star cooling via axion emission by nucleon–nucleon axion bremsstrahlung. Pramana – J Phys 2019, 92(3), 44.
Neutron stars generally cool off by the emission of γ -rays and neutrinos. But axions can also be produced inside a neutron star by the process of nucleon–nucleon axion bremsstrahlung. The escape of these axions adds to the cooling process of the neutron star. We explore the nature of cooling of neutron stars including the axion emission and compare our result with the scenario when the neutron star is cooled by only the emission of γ -rays and neutrinos. In our calculations we consider both the degenerate and non-degenerate limits for such axion energy loss rate and the resulting variation of luminosity with time and variation of surface temperature with time of the neutron star. In short, the thermal evolution of a neutron star is studied with three neutron star masses (1.0, 1.4 and 1.8 solar masses) and by including the effect of axion emission for different axion masses (ma = 10−5, 10−3 and 10−2 eV) and compared with the same when the axion emission is not considered. We compared theoretical cooling curve with the observational data of three pulsars PSR B0656+14, Geminga and PSR B1055-52 and finally gave an upper bound on axion mass limits ma ≤ 10−3 eV which implies that the axion decay constant fa ≥ 0.6×1010 GeV.
10 illus, 28 ref
KUMAR P, JAIN R, BHATT Y C, SHISHODIA Y S
001318 KUMAR P, JAIN R, BHATT Y C, SHISHODIA Y S (Physics Dep, Jagan Nath Univ, Jaipur - 303 901, Email: prajohns@gmail.com) : Characteristics of solar microflares as seen in soft X-ray emission. Pramana – J Phys 2019, 92(3), 32.
In this paper, we present the thermal and non-thermal characteristics of solar plasma producing microflares in 4–12 keV energy range. The X-ray spectra of 10 B-class solar microflares observed by the silicon (Si) detector (4–25 keV) on-board solar X-ray spectrometer (SOXS) mission were analysed in 4–12 keV energy range. We employed forward fitting for the spectral modelling of thermal and non-thermal components of X-ray spectra with isothermal, multithermal and single power-law functions in order to determine flare parameters. The fit results obtained from the combination of isothermal and single power-law functions yield a weighted mean value of emission measure (EM) ≈ 0.0203×1049cm−3, plasma temperature [Case (1)] T (1) ≈ 10.24 MK and non-thermal spectral index γ (1) ≈ 3.90. The fit results obtained from the combination of multithermal and single power-law functions yield a weighted mean value of differential emission measure, (DEM) ≈ 0.00116 × 1049cm−3 keV−1, plasma temperature [Case (2)], T (2) ≈ 12.90 MK, thermal spectral index, δ ≈ 4.06 and non-thermal spectral index, γ (2) ≈ 3.81. Further, we obtained the mean value of conduction cooling time, τc(T) ≈ 283 s at 11.6 MK, thermal energy, Eth ≈ 0.50×1029 erg and thermal–non-thermal cross-over energy, Eth ≈ 9.23 keV. In this analysis, the obtained results were found to be compatible with the earlier analysis carried out for the microflares through Reuven Ramety High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) and NuSTAR observations. Here, we observed that EM decreases with increasing plasma temperature (T). We find that τc(T) scale with plasma temperature (T) with an inverse gradient exhibits time delay characteristic of the cooling process of plasma. The correlation of Eth and temperature (T) shows moderate anticorrelation. The present analysis demonstrates the multithermal plasma model and conduction cooling process during high temperature of microflares (similar to large flares) followed by radiative cooling in post-flare.
7 illus, 6 tables, 24 ref
SINGH S, MISHRA A P
000102 SINGH S, MISHRA A P (Applied Sciences Dep, Chandigarh Engineering Coll Landran, Punjab - 140 307, Email: shamrathore@yahoo.com) : Cosmic ray intensity increases during high solar activity period for the solar cycles 22 and 23. Indian J Phys 2019, 93(2), 139–45.
The varying solar output is affected by the Sun’s activity and associated phenomena. Predictions of solar and geomagnetic activity are important for various technologies, including the operation of low-earth-orbiting satellites, electric power transmission grids, geophysical exploration and high-frequency radio communications. Annual averages of geomagnetic activity in cycle 23 were found to be large in comparison with other cycles. The dramatic variability from one cycle to the other in these parameters gives us unique opportunity to understand the physics of various associated phenomena. In this paper, we have analysed the solar cycles 22 and 23 and compared them with solar cycle 24 on the basis of 10.7 radio flux, sunspot number (Rz), solar flare index, cosmic ray intensity and interplanetary and geomagnetic parameters.
2 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref
SKEIVALAS J, TURLA V, JUREVICIUS M
000103 SKEIVALAS J, TURLA V, JUREVICIUS M (Mechatronics Dep, Vilnius Gediminas Technical Univ, Vilnius- 03224, Lithuania, Email: vytautas.turla@vgtu.lt) : Predictive models of the galaxies’ movement speeds and accelerations of movement on applying the doppler effect. Indian J Phys 2019, 93(1), 1–6.
This article discusses the theoretical assumptions for the development of a predictive model of galaxy movement speed and acceleration on applying the measurement data of the parameter z in the formula for the Doppler Effect. Galaxy movement speed and acceleration are understood as multidimensional continuous values when the values of vectors of speed and acceleration are calculated according to the redshift parameter z measurements in the relevant Universe time moments. Galaxy movement acceleration is obtained as a partial derivative of galaxy speed with respect to the time t of oscillations of the received redshift signal. The theoretical expressions of the functions of galaxy speed and acceleration are obtained by approximating in the form of a polynomial when the values of the polynomial parameters are established by the least squares method on applying operators of the Matlab set of programs.
6 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref
DESWAL M, LAURA J S
026269 DESWAL M, LAURA J S (Environmental Sciences Dep, Maharshi Dayanand Univ, Rohtak (Haryana), Email: meenadeswal02@gmail.com) : GIS based modeling using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for optimization of landfill site selection of Rohtak city, Haryana (India). J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 633 - 42.
Landfills are the most common method for the disposal of municipal solid waste the world over, as well as in India due to their low technical and economic requirements. The selection of an appropriate site for the establishment of a landfill is a complex process because it must combine social, environmental and technical parameters. The scientific selection of landfill site is based on several diverse criteria (Land Use and Land Cover, ground water table depth, soil permeability, surface water, roads distance, slop etc) and regulations. The study presents the selection of a site for the establishment of a landfill based on several criteria using geographic information system (GIS) based site suitability modeling and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Site suitability modeling was implemented using Boolean and Index overlay models. Each criterion and sub criteria was evaluated with the aid of AHP to assign a relative weightage in the index overlay model. Rules and criteria’s set by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) were implemented through Boolean model. The combination of the results of the two models generated a map with several suitable sites. Further selection was done on basis of the size requirement of the site, to handle Municipal solid waste (MSW) for next ten years. Two sites having the maximum suitability and also fulfilling the size requirement were shortlisted. Final selection from the two sites was done by a field survey of the sites. Finally the site B was selected on the basis of field survey which revealed it being better on account of certain factors discussed and social acceptability.
6 illus, 3 tables, 50 ref
NIGAM B, SINGH P R, CHAMADIA P K, SAXENA A K, TIWARI C M
026270 NIGAM B, SINGH P R, CHAMADIA P K, SAXENA A K, TIWARI C M (Govt. Autonomous P. G. Coll, Satna, Email: bharti.nigam@gmail.com) : Effect of solar activity on earth's climate during solar cycles 23 and 24. Asian J Exp Sci 2018, 32(1), 11-5.
The Sun's energy that drives the weather system might connect the Earth's climate changes for the period 1996-2016. The Sun's activity could explain the global warming in the 21st century. The Sun-Earth connection has to influence thermosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere. The effects of the solar variability are evident in a variety of physical and chemical process in the upper atmosphere. In the present study, we have found a global surface temperature anomalies change (a factor ~1.29 0C) from 1996 to 2016. We have found a positive correlation between total solar irradiance (TSI) with Kp-Index, AE- Index and global surface Temperature anomalies (GTA) during solar cycles 23-24. We have found that the effect of these parameters in the Earth's climate is very minimal.
5 illus, 15 ref
NAZARI-GOLSHAN A
029947 NAZARI-GOLSHAN A (Physics Dep, Shahed Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: nazarigolshan@yahoo.com) : Investigation of cylindrical shock waves in dusty plasma. Indian J Phys 2018, 92(12), 1643–50.
Electronegative dusty plasma composed of Boltzmann electrons, Boltzmann negative ions, inertial positive ions and charge fluctuating dust has been considered. The fractional modified Burgers’ (FMB) equation, which is derived using Euler–Lagrange variational technique, is analytically obtained and solved for studying the cylindrical geometry effect on the propagation of the dust ion acoustic shock wave. The Laplace homotopy perturbation method, the so-called LHPM is applied to solve the FMB equation. The effect of the fractional parameter, positive ion number density at equilibrium, the number of equilibrium electrons residing on the dust grain surface and shock velocity on the behavior of the shock waves in the dusty plasma has been investigated.
6 illus, 63 ref
SKEIVALAS J, RADIS D, SLIKAS D
029948 SKEIVALAS J, RADIS D, SLIKAS D (Geodesy and Cadastr Dep, Vilnius Gediminas Technical Univ, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania, Email: dominykas.slikas@vgtu.lt) : Identification analysis of digital images of black holes of Centaurus A galaxy. Indian J Phys 2018, 92(12), 1495–501.
This article analyses digital images from the black hole map of Centaurus A galaxy using autovariance and covariance functions. This map was created based on data collected with APEX and Max-Planck/ESO radiotelescopes in Chile (Nemiroff and Bonnell in Astronomy picture of the day, 2011. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap110531.html). Crosscovariance function estimates for two digital images or autocovariance function for individual images are calculated with random functions based on digital images’ pixels in vector form. Pixel vectors are estimated by emitting arrays of digital images’ pixels along according vectors. When the scale of the digital image shifts, the frequency of individual pixels’ colors remains constant, therefore shifting scales do not affect calculations for const and covariance functions. An RGB color spectrum was used for identification of images. The effect of composites of the RGB spectrum, and of color tensors, on estimates of covariance functions in digital images was assessed as well. The identity of digital images is evaluated by the change of correlation coefficients in the diapason of according values as determined using Matlab software.
12 illus, 20 ref
NAGARAJA K, KUMAR B P, CHAKRAVARTY S C
027516 NAGARAJA K, KUMAR B P, CHAKRAVARTY S C (Physics Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bengaluru-560 056, Email: kamsalinagaraj@bub.ernet.in) : X-ray flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) during very quiet solar activity conditions of 2009. Indian J Pure Appl Phys 2018, 56(8), 621-3.
Solar flares (SFs) are sudden brightening observed over the sun’s surface which is associated with a large energy release. Flares with burst of X-ray emission are normally followed by a mass ejection of electrons and ions from the solar atmosphere called coronal mass ejections (CMEs). There is an evidence that solar magnetic field can change its configuration through reconnection and release energy, accelerating solar plasma causing SFs and CMEs. This study examines the SFs/CMEs data from SOHO and GOES satellites during the very low solar activity year of 2009 and moderately high solar activity of 2002. The results indicate that certain modifications in the existing mechanisms of generating SFs/CMEs would be necessary for developing more realistic forecast models affecting the space weather conditions.
2 illus, 4 ref
VEDAVATHI P, DODDAMANI V H
027517 VEDAVATHI P, DODDAMANI V H (Physics Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore-560 056, Email: drvkdmani@gmail.com) : Long ultra violet monitoring IUE observation of MRK 478. Indian J Pure Appl Phys 2018, 56(8), 595-9.
Our universe comprises of many different kinds of objects such as planets, comets, asteroids, minor bodies, stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies and super cluster of galaxies with their sizes and masses spread over several magnitudes. Amongst them, galaxies are considered as the building blocks of the universe in its large-scale structure perspective. Largely our universe consists of so-called “normal galaxies”, the bolometric luminosity of which is the sum of the luminosity of the constituent stars. The stars generate energy through nuclear fusion reactions. In sharp contrast, a small fraction ( 1-10 %) of all these normal galaxies are distinguished by their overwhelmingly bright compact nuclei, which emits copious amount of radiation. These highly luminous (LBol > 1042 erg/s) galaxies are called as “active galaxies” or “active galactic nuclei” (AGNs). International ultraviolet satellite (IUE) launched in the year 1978 has made low resolution (~ 6-8 Å) UV spectroscopic observations of about 500 active galaxies until September, 1996 and has enabled us to understand the UV spectral properties. In this paper, we present the results of our variability studies of a narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy MRK 478. We have found small amplitude continuum flux variability for observations spread over nearly 17 years. The amplitude of variability at shorter wavelengths is found to be higher than the amplitude at longer wavelengths for nearly simultaneous observations, consistent with the predictions of general “photoionization models” of active galaxies.
4 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref
ENNAJI W, BARAKAT A, BAGHDADI M E, OUMENSKOU H, AADRAOUI M, KARROUM L A, HILALI A
027515 ENNAJI W, BARAKAT A, BAGHDADI M E, OUMENSKOU H, AADRAOUI M, KARROUM L A, HILALI A (Sultan Moulay Slimane Univ, Beni-Mellal, Morocco, Email: a.barakat@usms.ma) : GIS-based multi-criteria land suitability analysis for sustainable agriculture in the northeast area of Tadla plain (Morocco). J Earth Syst Sci 2018, 127(6), 79.
Assessment of soil suitability for sustainable intensive agriculture is an appropriate tool to select the land suitable for agricultural production with the least economic and environmental costs. This study was conducted to evaluate the agricultural soil quality in the northeast area of Tadla plain (Morocco) using geographic information system (GIS) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Six soil quality indicators, i.e., pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, texture, salinity and slope were considered and performed in 60 subsurface soil samples. AHP method was utilized to identify the weight of each indicator from the pairwise comparison matrix. The weighted sum overlay analysis was then used to generate the soil quality map in a GIS environment, by overlaying both indicator weights and subindicator weights. The studied area was classified into four soil quality categories, i.e., poor, medium, good, and excellent, the percentage of each category is 1.12, 20.98, 61.07 and 16.83 %, respectively. The results indicated that 1.12 % of the study area has poor suitability for sustainable intensive agriculture due to their unsuitable texture and low salinity, while about 77 % of cultivated soils are adapted to agricultural production. The above results could be useful for the management of agricultural activity.
9 illus, 5 tables, 44 ref
ARYA A S, RAJASEKHAR R P, SUR K, KRISHNA B G, SURESH K, SRINIVASAN T P, IYER K V, CHAUHAN P, AJAI, KUMAR A S K, PANDEY A D, KHARE A, VERMA P K
027514 ARYA A S, RAJASEKHAR R P, SUR K, KRISHNA B G, SURESH K, SRINIVASAN T P, IYER K V, CHAUHAN P, AJAI, KUMAR A S K, PANDEY A D, KHARE A, VERMA P K (Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad- 380 015, Email: rajasekhar@sac.isro.gov.in) : Morphometric and rheological study of lunar domes of Marius Hills volcanic complex region using Chandrayaan-1 and recent datasets. J Earth Syst Sci 2018, 127(5), 70.
Marius Hills volcanic complex is one of the most important regions on the lunar surface having an abundant number of volcanic features like domes and cones. Systematic mapping of 106 domes/cones in the Marius Hills region was carried out in this study using high-resolution orthoimage and digital elevation models of Chandrayaan-1 and Kaguya missions. Various morphometric parameters like diameter, height, volume, flank slope, circularity index and form factor are derived for all the mapped domes. The rheological parameters, such as viscosity and eruption rate are estimated for isolated domes and cones superimposed over low domes. The morphometric and rheological properties of these domes are comparable to those located in the area near to Hortensius crater and other mare regions. Surface ages derived for a selected region in NW portion of the Marius Hills volcanic complex using crater size frequency distribution technique yields ages of 2.98 and 1.91 Ga. It suggests that the domes in this region formed at about 2.98 Ga ago, and then, the younger mare basalts likely embayed this region about 1.98 Ga ago. Stratigraphic sequence of rilles, wrinkle ridge and domes shows that wrinkle ridges are the oldest, while the rilles are younger than the domes.
9 illus, 2 tables, 49 ref
GORY E, SINHA R K, SAHA D, VINOD T R, CRIPS N R, GAIKWAD P A
026268 GORY E, SINHA R K, SAHA D, VINOD T R, CRIPS N R, GAIKWAD P A (Health Information Management Dep, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576 104, Email: rajesh.sinha@manipal.edu) : Spatio-temporal risk-analysis of cancer endemicity in Sulthan Bathery Taluk of Wayanad District of Kerala- A geo-informatics approach. Indian J Community Med 2018, 43(3), 199-203.
Asian countries have to confront with the global burden of cancer and various environmental factors predisposing the incidence. Geoinformatics can assist in spatial autocorrelation and statistical analysis in determining environmental and demographic correspondence to endemicity. What is of prime importance is the availability of the spatial datasets of cancer cases. The aim of this study was to reveal the distribution pattern of cancer and its magnitude in the eight panchayats of Sulthan Bathery Taluk of Wayanad district. The present study also attempted to develop and implement a data frame facilitating better data collection. This was a taluk-level cross-sectional retrospective analysis and interventional study. A retrospective survey created a geodatabase with 547 cancer cases registered along the timeline of 2015–2016. Input datasets were geocoded using Google Earth Pro software. The analysis was performed using ArcMap-10.2 version. Registration revealed the high breast cancer incidences and temporal increment mainly in town areas. The incidence depicted male predominance and prevalence along the age group of 30–69 years. The pattern showed cancer incidence at a proximity to state borders and forest regions (Noolpuzha) which are high population density regions, instantiated relation of geographic variables, and cancer incidences. The implementation of data frame ensured structured data collection. This study concluded the spatial association of cancer incidence demonstrating the high-risk regions with male predominance and role spatial risk analysis in cancer database management.
7 tables, 17 ref
BANDYOPADHYAY S, RAJ R, PADUA S, RAMACHANDRAN S, JENA R K M, ROY P D, DUTTA D P M, SINGH S K, RAY S K
026267 BANDYOPADHYAY S, RAJ R, PADUA S, RAMACHANDRAN S, JENA R K M, ROY P D, DUTTA D P M, SINGH S K, RAY S K (ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, West Bengal- 700 091, Email: siladitya_555@yahoo.co.in) : Priority zoning of available micronutrients in the soils of agroecological sub-regions of North-East India using geo-spatial techniques. Agric Res 2018, 7(2), 200-14.
An attempt was made to identify priority zones of available micronutrients in the soils of agro-ecological subregions (AESR) of north-eastern states of India (Assam, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura) using geo-spatial techniques. Surface soil samples (0–25 cm) were collected from Assam (AESRs 15.2, 15.3, 15.4 and 17.1), Nagaland (AESR 17.1), Sikkim (AESR 16.2) and Tripura (AESR 17.2) and analysed for pH, organic carbon and DTPA-extractable micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) by standard procedures. Regular Spline was employed as spatial interpolation techniques for obtaining spatial distribution of available micronutrients in soils. The AESR map was overlaid on spatial distribution layers to obtain spatial variability of micronutrients in the AESRs of north-eastern regions of India. Zinc deficiency was common in all the AESR. Maximum deficient area of Zn, Mn and Cu was observed in AESR 15.4, and it was regarded as the high-priority zone, whereas AESR 16.2 and AESR 17.2 were considered as low-priority zone. Rainfall, pH and organic carbon appeared to be the key factors in controlling micronutrient availability in soils of north-eastern regions of India.
10 illus, 9 tables, 49 ref
KUMAR A, KUMAR A, NARAYANAN P, HOODA R S
026266 KUMAR A, KUMAR A, NARAYANAN P, HOODA R S (Haryana Space Applications Centre, Panchkula, Email: anup0106@yahoo.com) : Geospatial approach for groundwater resource study in Panchkula district, Haryana. J Env Bio-Sci 2018, 32(1), 87-92.
Of various groundwater exploration techniques, remote sensing satellite data, geographical information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) are highly suitable for searching new groundwater potential sites, planning, development and management of groundwater on need basis in different types of terrain. The Panchkula district, the study area, is situated in the northern part of Haryana State between the geo-coordinates 30026' N to 300 55' N latitudes and 76046' E to 77010' E longitudes. The total geographical area of the district is 898 sq. km. In the present study, groundwater resource of the district has been studied with the help of IRSP6 LISS-III (2006) satellite data, GIS and ground surveys. Various thematic maps like geology, structure, geomorphology, drainage have been prepared and integrated for groundwater prospects mapping. Field visists have been done to check the interpreted features. The post-field corrections have been done in pre-field maps and finalized all the maps. The study shows that in the district four major groundwater prospects units i.e. older alluvial plain, piedmont/fan surface, flood plain and structural hills are present. The availability of groundwater is good to very good in older alluvial plain which covers 303.53 sq.km (33.80 %) area; moderate to good in piedmont/fan surface which covers 8.6 sq.km (0.96 %) area; very good to excellent in flood plain which covers 43.51 sq.km (4.85 %) area and poor in structural hills which covers 542.36 sq.km (60.39 %) area. The groundwater development i.e. exploitation options are high in older alluvial plain and flood plain, moderate in piedmont/fan surface and low in structural hills. In the district, 347.04 sq.km area is suitable for high groundwater development, 8.60 sq.km area for moderate and 542.36 sq. km area for low groundwater development. In the district, village ponds and small check dams/earthen dams at suitable sites are highly suitable options for groundwater management. In the district, by de-silting of 36 village ponds, 324895.99 m3 volume of water can be harvested. The findings of the study are highly useful for the district in terms of planning, development and management of groundwater to fulfill the increasing demand of water.
9 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref
GOBI K, KANNAPIRAN B, DEVARAJ D, VALARMATHI K
025042 GOBI K, KANNAPIRAN B, DEVARAJ D, VALARMATHI K (DRDO-Defence Research Development Laboratory, Hyderabad, Email: thilagavathygobi558@gmail.com) : Design, development and performance evaluation of eddy current displacement sensor based pressure sensor with target temperature compensation. Def Sci J 2018, 68(2), 203-9.
In Aerospace applications, pressure measurement plays a vital role as it serves as one of the input to onboard controller to aid decision- making on initiating or terminating some of the critical events. In this paper, the design aspects of pressure sensor using linear eddy current displacement sensor (ECDS) are presented along with its performance evaluation. The static calibration is carried out to select the best position of ECDS in the proposed pressure sensor. The effect of target temperature on sensor output is presented with test results to aid compensation. A compensation algorithm is developed to minimise the error due to target temperature. The developed compensation algorithm is validated using thermal calibration. The designed pressure sensor is calibrated using Arson dynamic pressure calibrator to evaluate its bandwidth. The calibration results are analysed to aid future sensor design towards improvement of accuracy, bandwidth and miniaturisation.
10 illus, 5 tables,16 ref
JOHNY C J, PRASAD V S
025041 JOHNY C J, PRASAD V S (Ministry of Earth Sciences, Noida- 201 309, Email: vsprasad@ncmrwf.gov.in) : Quality and impact of GPSRO observations from Megha-Tropique satellite on NGFS model. Curr Sci 2018, 114(5), 1083-8.
Megha-Tropique satellite mission launched in 2011 was aimed at providing more observations in the tropical region. In the initial phase of the mission, it was found that the quality of global positioning system radio occultation (GPSRO) observations was not satisfactory. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) took remedial measures in this regard by modifying the data processing algorithm and releasing the new version of data. In 2012, an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) was done at National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) using simulated data at MeghaTropiques ROSA observation location with Global Forecast System (GFS) based model. As an extension of the previous study, the quality of new version of GPSRO bending angle observations and impact of assimilation of these observations in NCMRWF GFS (NGFS) model were studied. It was found that with the use of a new data processing algorithm, quality of bending angle observations improved and comparable with other GPSRO missions in the pressure range between 500 hpa and 200 hpa. Impact study shows that the new observations improved forecasts in the middle and upper levels in the tropics.
7 illus, 1 table, 22 ref