022222   Patel D C;Damor K P (The H.N.S.B. Ltd. Science College, Himatnagar, India) : An analysis of alkali soil in some villages of Northern Gujarat area and its treatment by gypsum. Archiv appl Sci Res 2015, 7(4), 68-70.

Soil pollution is one of the current environment problems of the world wide. Today the contamination of soil by repeated use or excess of same fertilizer, inadequate drainage system in agriculture field, sparing excessive insecticides and herbicide and most the man-made cause is the application of soft water in irrigation (surface or ground water) containing relatively high proportion of sodium bicarbonates and less calcium and magnesium are main reason to soil pollution. We take some soil sample of northern Gujarat region and check alkalinity by Physicochemical test by pH meter scale and treat with suitable remedies gypsum to maintain soil alkalinity.

1 table, 11 ref

022221   Osman M M;Younis Y M H (Central Laboratory, Ministry of Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 7099 Khartoum, Sudan) : Estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollutants in the ambient air of Khartoum city, Sudan (Part III). Int J Res Pharm Chem 2015, 5(2), 327-33.

Atmospheric concentration levels and percentage (%) composition of fourteen Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were estimated in air samples collected by High-Volume Air Sampler TE-1000 PUF and determined via Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer GC/MS at an urban site of Khartoum City, Sudan. The results for a given air sample are presented as the sum of the vapor and particle associated fraction of the compounds. The percentage composition of individual PAHs in the air sample in (ng/m³) is found to be as follows: phenanthrene (33%,14.3ng/m³), fluoranthene (16%,7.8ng/m³), pyrene (15%,6.6ng/m³), anthracene (4%,4ng/m³), chrysene (8%,3.5ng/m³), benzo(a)pyrene (5%,2.6ng/m³), benzo(a)anthracene (3%,2ng/m³), benzo(b+k)fluoranthene (6%,1.7ng/m³), fluorine (3%,1.5ng/m³), benzo(g,h,i)perylene (2%,1.3ng/m³), indeno(1,2,3- cd)pyrene (2%,1.1ng/m³), acenaphthene (2.5%,1ng/m³) and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (1%,0.3ng/m³), respectively. PAHs concentrations showed slight variation in concentrations in air mass flow from NE or SW due to the invariability of temperature during the sampling. For all of the detected PAHspollutants benzo(a)pyrene B(a)P is detected in all the collected samples.

3 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

022220   Mohabansi N P;Satone A K (J.B. College of Science, , Wardha, Maharashtra) : Solar photocatalytic degradation of textile effluents by using titanium dioxide. Int J pharm chem biol Sci 2015, 5(2), 487-90.

In the present study, an effluent from textile industry is photo degradated under sunlight using TiO₂ as photo catalyst. The process has been carried out at different pH, amount of catalyst and the doses of oxidant. Comparison of various advanced oxidation processes (AOP), (Sunlight, Sunlight/H₂O₂, Sunlight/H₂O₂/TiO₂) for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal from the effluent are under taken. The degradation of the wastewater has been studied at pH 3, 7, 9, 11 and 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 gm/100 ml of hydrogen peroxide doses. The effect of catalyst doses are also studied at 1, 3, 5 and 7 mg. The result showed that Chemical Oxygen Demand of the effluent substantially decreased. The solar photocatalytic method is effective for degradation of COD of the effluent.

3 illus, 21 ref

022219   Midya S K;Goswami S;Sengupta K (Atmospheric Science Dep, Calcutta Univ, 51/2 Hazra Road, Kolkata-700 019, Email: goswami_subhasis@yahoo.com) : Effect of 10.7 cm solar flux on the monsoon rainfall over India. J Indian Geophys Union 2016, 20(6), 558-65.

The present study attempts to find a probable correlation between the solar cycle and Monsoon Rainfall in India, using the S-Component of the 10.7cm Solar Radio Flux, measured at Ottawa by Remote Sensing Techniques, which varies in response to the Solar Activity, as the representative of the activity of the Sun. Results show a possibility of the Solar activity playing a role in determining the amount of rainfall over a particular region. The general trend is increase in rainfall amount with increase in the solar activity. A possible explanation is suggested for all the observations.

3 illus, 60 ref

022218   Madan S;Verma P (Environmental Sciences Dep, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalay, Haridwar-249 404, Email: n.madan79@gmail.com) : Assessment of air pollution tolerance index of some trees in Haridwar city, Uttarakhand. J envir Biol 2015, 36(3), 45-8.

Three different plant species i.e., Ficus religiosa, Polyalthia longifolia and Azadirachta indica were collected from residential (S1), commercial (S2), industrial (S3) and control areas of the city to study the relative tolerance of plant species. Variation in biochemical parameters like relative water content, leaf pH, ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and dust interception efficiency were found to be pollution load dependent. These variations can be used as indicators of air pollution for early diagnosis of stress or as a marker for physiological damage to trees prior to the onset of visible injury symptoms. The present findings showed that maximum APTI was observed in Azadirachta indica and minimum in Ficus religiosa.

3 tables, 25 ref

022217   Lunga W;Musarurwa C (African Centre for Disaster Studies, North West Univ, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa, Email: lungawcampeon@gmail.com) : Exploiting indigenous knowledge commonwealth to mitigate disasters: from the archives of vulnerable communities in Zimbabwe. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(1), 22-9.

This research explored the relationship between vulnerability and the use of indigenous knowledge in mitigating disasters particularly those linked to food security and preservation of forest resources in some communities in Zimbabwe. This focus on provision of food was important since food issues have an immediate impact on communities and for vulnerable communities forest resources are also linked to food security. Data was collected through both formal and informal interviews, and group discussions with the elderly and traditional leaders in Matebeleland and Mashonaland provinces of Zimbabwe, hence a qualitative research approach was used. Although the findings are unique to the communities involved, it is important to note that vulnerable communities do possess a wide range of indigenous measures to mitigate disaster risk. Firstly, it is the realisation that technology does not necessarily refer to modern or objective science, but solutions that lead to sustainable livelihoods for local communities, which include environmentally based early warning signs which allow them to take precautions before a disaster like drought, flood, pests, etc., occurs as well as measures to reduce the impact of such a disaster. Secondly, production, harvesting and conservation have always been inbuilt in the farming techniques of these rural communities and mushrooms that form a regular part of the diet and provide protein for rural communities are a good example. Since time immemorial they have always been preserved within their natural habitats and women who have always been able to distinguish edible mushrooms from toxic ones have always known how to stimulate their growth by applying crop waste or ash as fertilizers to the ground on which they grow. Lastly it is natural for some indigenous techniques to lie dormant as if they are extinct. This is because every generation makes its own contribution to improvise and adapt the knowledge system in line with the ever changing climatic conditions. The article recommends that since the proportion of non-sustainable practices in traditional knowledge systems is much smaller than the benefits accrued through its use in the contemporary modern life and belief systems, there should be development, use and adaption of technologies that have links with indigenous knowledge systems. Developing contextually relevant educational processes that identify and build upon local knowledge and expertise for disaster risk reduction is needed and where possible, expressed in local language and context. In short vulnerable villagers should have more legitimate authority over natural resources for they are more responsive than local government authorities.

1 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

022216   Leena P P;Sakharam S;Anilkumar V;Das S K; Pandithurai G (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, , Pune-411 008, Email: leena@tropmet.res.in) : Characteristics of pre-monsoon convection activity over two contrasting environments from microwave radiometer data. J Indian Geophys Union 2016, 20(6), 575-85.

In the present study, microwave radiometer observations were used to understand the thermodynamic state of the atmosphere before, during and after the thunderstorm events occurred over two contrasting environments i.e. Pune and Mahabaleshwar. Initially thermodynamic state of atmosphere was analyzed using single cases from each site. Analysis of temporal variability of atmospheric parameters and associated thermodynamic indices of individual events showed significant positive differences between Pune and Mahabaleshwar in surface fields like temperature before thunderstorm, while surface relative humidity (RH) records indicated negative differences. Differences in various thermodynamic indices showed that strength of instability is higher over Pune compared to that over Mahabaleshwar. Later composite analysis along with difference of the mean was verified so as to confirm the results quantitatively. Among the represented thermodynamic indices lifted index, humidity index and show-alter index showed a negative difference, whereas total index, k-index and convective temperature showed positive difference before and during the storm. However, no significant changes were observed after the thunderstorm activity. Analysis suggested that there is a regional difference in thermodynamic features during the evolution of thunderstorm and also a possibility of thunderstorm potential over Pune compared to Mahabaleshwar. This work also shows the robustness of ground based microwave radiometry for the study of convective events.

7 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

022215   Issa Y M;Abdel-Maksou G;Magdy M (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univ, Giza, Egypt) : Study of the effect of environmental conditions on the red color of Saint Yehnes Cama icon, Mallawai, Egypt. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2015, 5(3), 491-7.

Icon of Saint Yehnes Cama studied for identification of the components of icon painting and assessment the effect of environmental conditions. The obtained results revealed that linen fibers were used as flexible support, kermes carmine red was used as pigment and egg yolk was used as binder. Linen fibers are not affected with the environmental conditions, while organic pigment "kermes carmine red" shows degradation of its components with fading of the paint color and absence of varnish layer.

6 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

022214   Iqba S;Tiwari S C (Forestry Dep, Wildlife and Environmental Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur-495 009, Email: sct_in@yahoo.com) : Soil organic carbon pool under different land uses in Achanakmar Amarkantak biosphere reserve of Chhattisgarh, India. Curr Sci 2016, 110(5), 771-3.

6 illus, 25 ref

022213   Ingole N A;Ram R N;Prem Kumar (College of Fisheries, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: nanuduingole122@gmail.com) : Assessment of sedimentation in Nanak Sagar Reservoir of Uttarkhand, India: Using remote sensing technique. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(1), 17-21.

In present scenario excessive siltation leading to drastic deduction in water storage capacity is a stumbling block for reservoirs. Reduction in water spread area at a specified elevation over a period is indication of sediment deposition in the reservoir. Reduction in the storage capacity of a reservoir hinders the purpose for which it was proposed. Thus assessment of sedimentation becomes very indispensible aspect for the management and proper operation of the reservoirs. For this purpose, an observation was proceeded to fathom the sedimentation of Nanak Sagar reservoir, located on the Deoha River in the Tarai region of Uttarakhand using multi-dated Remote Sensing (RS) images. IRS LISS III remote sensing data for the year 2007 and original capacity curve were optimized in the study of the capacity loss to various water levels. The morphology of the reservoir has been changed significantly due to sedimentation during the period 1962 to 2007. The reservoir has lost a total of 56.19 Million Cubic Meter (Mm3) by dint of sedimentation which is accounted as 26.78% of the total capacity during last 45 years and average deposition was computed as 1.25 Mm³ (0.59%) per year. It's concluded that the maximum siltation deposited on upper region of the reservoir on the basis of huge difference between original cumulative water volumes and derived cumulative water volume at corresponding elevation of the reservoir.

5 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

022212   Durga M;Bharathi B;Balakrishna Murthy P; Devasena T (Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: tdevasenabio@gmail.com) : Charaterization and phytoxicity studies of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in Chennai urban area. J envir Biol 2015, 36(3), 583-9.

Airborne suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected from urban areas of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India were characterized by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) along with Energy Dispersive X ray (EDX) microanalysis system. The imaging technique showed the presence of complex branched or layered structure with their size ranging from 26 to 34 nm. The EDX analysis revealed the presence of several elements such as, C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Zn and Pb. The aim of this study was to find the effects of various concentrations of diesel and petrol exhaust particles (DEPs and PEPs) on Bacopa monnieri, a traditional medicinal plant. The results of the present study showed that there were significant changes (p<60>0.05) in plant morphology (% shoot induction and number of shootlets /explants) and its biochemical properties (% inhibition of DPPH radical, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total protein) with different concentrations of DEP in a dose dependent manner as compared to control. Significant decrease in % inhibition of DPPH radical was evident in the PEP treated group when compared to the control. No significant changes were observed in other parameters for PEP treated group. Bacopa monnieri was found to be more sensitive to DEPs as compared to PEPs. The results in the present study obtained helped to understand the interaction of vehicle exhaust nanoparticles with the ecosystem.

6 illus, 44 ref

022211   Deepali;Joshi N (Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukula Kangri Univ, Haridwar, Uttarkhand, Email: deepali.phd@rediffmail.com) : Mapping of metal concentration in ground water within SIDCUL area of Haridwar using GIS. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(1), 257-9.

A Geographical Information System (GIS) tool was used to make thematic maps for groundwater quality in SIDCUL areas of Haridwar district. Groundwater data were integrated to find out an overall picture about the spatial variation in the groundwater quality in industrial area of Haridwar. The groundwater quality maps have been derived from the results of environmental monitoring for heavy metals and ground water depth. The GIS maps showed not only contaminant distributions but also illustrated the depth of ground water. The main objective of the present study is to use GIS to compare ground water quality data and distribution of metal concentration in the groundwater of the industrial area in easily viewed maps for use by the public and decision makers in the industrial area of Haridwar District of Uttarakhand, India.

7 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

022210   Chinthalu G R;Dharmaraj T;Patil M N;Dhakate A R;Singh D (NO, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune-411 008, Email: chintalu@tropmet.res.in) : Cloud aerosol interactions and its influence on cloud microphysical parameters during dry and wet spells of Indian summer monsoon using CAIPEEX data. J Indian Geophys Union 2016, 20(6), 596-605.

The variations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), aerosol and cloud particle concentration (PCASP), cloud droplet effective radius (CDPRe), and Liquid water content (LWC) have been measured using instrumented aircraft over Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Bareilly in India during Cloud Aerosol Interactions and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX-2009). Three intensive observation periods (IOPs) i.e. 17-22 June and 13 July representing the dry spells, and the IOP during 16-25 August, representing wet spells of Indian summer monsoon were analyzed. Cloud droplet size is highly sensitive to liquid water content and temperature in the cloud environment. The CDPRe and LWC show strong linear correlation during both dry spells and wet spells of ISMR. The mid level clouds CM <126> 2000 meters are more favorable for coalescence of cloud droplets leading to growth of CDPRe <62> 14 μm required for warm rain formation.

7 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

022209   Brraich O S;Rajwinder Kaur (Zoology and Environmental Sciences Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: singhonkar@yahoo.com) : Assessment of physico-chemical parameters and water quality index of Nangal Wetland, Punjab (India). J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(1), 33-9.

Study of physico-chemical parameters of Nangal Wetland, Punjab was carried out from February 2013 to January 2014. The study area experiences various seasons and broadly divided into summer (March to June), monsoon (July to October) and winter (November to February) seasons. The various physico-chemical parameters include: air temperature, water temperature, relative humidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, alkalinity, salinity, chlorides, total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness were analyzed on monthly basis. The mean values of the measured parameters were compared with WHO, ISI and ICMR standards for drinking water quality. It can be said that the water of Nangal Wetland is affected by the natural processes during the rainy season, anthropogenic influences from domestic wastewater and agricultural activities. Therefore, frequent monitoring of physico-chemical parameters of this unique water resource is imperative because of its strategic importance, many direct and indirect benefits, and abode to valuable flora and fauna.

1 illus, 5 tables, 50 ref

022208   Bhardwaj A;Chauhan R (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Central Univ of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151 001, Email: knksh.bhardwaj@gmail.com) : Relationships among physico-chemical characteristics of Khajjiar lake, district Chamba, Himachal Pradesh. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(1), 231-3.

The Khajiyar lake, one of the major tourist spots, lies in the centre of large Khaz glade and is fed by tiny streams. The free carbon dioxide showed highly significant and positive relationships (r=o.980 p<60>0.01) with atmospheric temperature and (r = 0.94, p<60>0.01) with water temperature. There was a fluctuating trend in electrical conductivity due to fluctuation in dissolved solids and salinity. Conductivity showed highly significant and positive relationship (r = 0.966, p<60>0.01) with total dissolved solids whose values ranged from 168.81mg/L to 330mg/L where maxima was found in May and minima in December. Similar trend was followed by total suspended solids as well. Total solids varied from 198.81 mg/L to 389.0mg/L and showed highly significant and positive relationship (r = 0.997, p<60>0.01) with total suspended solids. The chloride revealed significant negative relationship (r = 0.69 p<60>0.05) with dissolved oxygen and positive (r = 0.58 p<60>0.05) with carbon dioxide. Where as nitrate- nitrogen showed highly significant and negative relation (- 0.987 p<60>0.01) with dissolved oxygen and highly significant and positive (0.962 p<60>0.01) with free carbon dioxide, (0.89 p<60>0.01) with total alkalinity and (0.784 p<60>0.01) with chloride.

2 tables, 9 ref

022207   Baishya K;Sarma H P (Environmental Sciences Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati, Assam) : Advances in biodegradation of organophosphorus pesticides. Archiv appl Sci Res 2015, 7(4), 37-43.

Several hundred pesticides of different chemical moietiesare currently used for agricultural purposes all over the world. Because of their widespread use, they are detected in various environmental matrices, such as soil, water and air. Pesticide fate in the environment is affected by microbial activity. Microorganisms readily degrade some pesticides; others have proven to be recalcitrant. Recently the use of microbes for effective detoxification, degradation and removal of toxic compounds from contaminated soils has emerged as an efficient and cheap biotechnological approach to clean up polluted environments.This paper focused on the problem of soil contamination with pesticides, and present a review onthe potential applications of various biological agents for remediation of these types of soils, which have been polluted with continuous and higher doses of pesticides through process of biodegradation with special emphasis on advancements in organophosphorus pesticides biodegradation and clear understanding of its mechanism for the efficient onsite remediation of the contaminated environment.

70 ref

022206   Adheesh S R;Vasisht M S;Ramasesha S K (Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560 012, Email: sheela@caos.iisc.ernet.in) : Air-pollution and economics: diesel bus versus electric bus. Curr Sci 2016, 110(5), 658-62.

The Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) took an initiative to check the overall benefits of introducing electric buses as a suitable replacement for the diesel buses to tackle the burgeoning pollution in the city of Bengaluru, India. For a trial run of three months, an electric bus was procured from a Chinese company 'Build Your Dreams' (BYD). Data were collected by BMTC on the operation and maintenance of the bus. This new initiative, if rightly guided, could have a direct impact on the lives of those in the city. An economic analysis of the running as well as maintenance of the electric buses within the city limits was performed. For comparison, the same analysis was performed for the data from the existing diesel bus operating on the same route. On the basis of the study, it can be concluded that the introduction of electric buses as a means of public transport in the city would be beneficial both economically as well as environmentally. The electric bus also makes much less noise, thereby helping reduce noise pollution and makes less vibration when compared to the diesel bus. This results in a more comfortable journey for the passengers.

3 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

021203   Zhang J;Guo W;Li G (Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Insstitute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P.R. China, Email: wei.guo@cug.edu.cn) : Single analysis of elements in groundwater (ng L<. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(8), 2933-8.

Simultaneous determination of elements in groundwater (ng L^-1 to g L^-1) in single analysis by DRC ICP-MS was developed. The technique of extended dynamic range based on DRC could be able to detune the signal response of selective elements to enable incorporation of high concentration elements (outside of the ion detector' dynamic range to 1e⁹ cps) into a single analysis without affecting signal response of other trace elements. The signal sensitivity of high concentration element (i.e., K, Na, Ca, Mg and Fe) was suppressed easily by adjusting the voltage parameters of DRC quadrupole (RPa) and the groundwater samples could be online diluted any multiples (i.e., from one time to million times) according to the actual need. In order to eliminate mass spectral interferences (i.e., ⁴⁰Ar³⁵Cl⁺, ⁴⁰Ar⁴⁰Ar⁺, ¹²C⁴⁰Ar⁺, ⁴⁴Ca¹⁶O⁺, ²³Na⁴⁰Ar⁺, ²⁵Mg³⁸Ar⁺ and ²⁶Mg⁴⁰Ar⁺), the operational conditions of the DRC, working with CH₄ as reaction gas, were optimized for ⁷⁵As, ⁸⁰Se, ⁵²Cr, ⁶⁰Ni, ⁶³Cu and ⁶⁶Zn. The analytical results of a reference material CASS-5 were in good agreement with the certified values. Reliability of the data was also tested by comparing the results for 29 groundwater samples with those determined by ICP-OES and good agreement was obtained for the high concentration elements. As the routine method in our laboratory, the satisfactory results indicate that it has great potential for the determination of low and high concentration level elements by one single analysis in various samples.

4 illus, 7 tables, 15 ref

021202   Upadhyay R G;Rajeev Ranjan;Negi P S (Agrometerology Dep, College of Forestry, Ranichauri Campus-249 199, Email: rajeevranjanagri@gmail.com) : Climatic variability and trend at Ranichauri (Uttarakhand). J Agrometeorol 2015, 17(2), 241-3.

The present analysis was carried out using the long term (1985-2013) meteorological data recorded at Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand. The results revealed that daily maximum temperature varied between 9.4 to 27.2°C over 29 years, with annual increasing trend of 0.013°C per year, while the minimum temperature was found to decrease at rate of -0.033°C per year and fluctuated between 0.7 to 17.8°C. The long term mean annual rainfall of Ranichauri is 1273.1±315.5 mm with CV of 24.8% only, indicating that it is highly stable and dependable. The rising trend in the monsoon rain (June-September) at rate of 11.09mm per year was also observed during the study period.

3 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

021201   Tripathi B;Pandey R;Shukla D N (Bhargava Agricultural Lab, Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002) : Analysis of physico-chemical parameter value and correlation coefficient of the river Ganga at Kalakankar, Pratapgarh. Asian J biochem pharm Res 2015, 5(4), 180-92.

Presents an extensive investigation on the physico-chemical parameter of the River Ganga at Kalakankar, Pratapgarh in the state uttar pradesh. In these studies the water sample of kalakankar sampling sites at its upstream and downstream sites were analyzed. The analysis were taken during January 2014-December 2014. Seasonal variation at upstream and downsream of sampling sites at Kalakankar were observed. The observation of seasonal variation shown that the fluctuation occurred in physico-chemical parameter in different seasons. Correlation coefficient value indicates high positive and negative relationships (p<60>0.01 level) and also show significant positive and negative relationship (p<60>0.05 level). Correlation coefficient shows the interrelationship of one parameter with other. Some physico-chemical parameter increases with other parameters. These shows positive relationship,like Water temperature show high significant positive relationship with salinity,chloride, sulphte, electrical conductivity, alkalinity and pH. About 15 physicochemical parameter were taken in consideration for analysis of the River water. This paper dealt with the analysis of water sample of river ganga at Kalakankar, Pratapgarh. From Pratapgarh the sites were taken kalakankar that were located at 95 km distance from Allahabad main city and 54.2 km, far from its district main city Pratapgarh.

2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

021200   Tien V V;Bay D V;Thu D X;Chung T V (NO, Hanoi National Univ of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Email: tranchunghhv1@gmail.com) : High sensitive spectrophotometric determination method of arsenic from water. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(10), 3789-93.

Arsenic present in water may be determined by many methods such as atomic adsorption spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, electrochemistry and spectrophotometry with silver diethyldithiocarbamate. This study presents the determination of arsenic present in water by spectrophotometric method based on molybdate reagent. This method is highly sensitive and selective but has not been studied in detail. The obtained results exhibited the experimental optimum conditions for arsenic determination by spectrophotometric method using molybdate reagent. The method consists of two steps (i) arsinization producing AsH₃, (ii) AgNO₃, H₂O₂ oxidized AsH₃ reacting with molybdate reagent to produce molybdenum blue. The absorbance of molybdenum blue at the wavelength of λ = 878 nm has been used for arsenic determination. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the method are 2 and 7 ppb respectively.

8 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

021199   Tadroz H R Z;Naggar M F E;Zaghloul F A; Tadros A B;Elaa G A E (NO, , Chemistry Lab, Marine Environment Div, NIOF, Alex, Egypt, Email: hermine_rzts@yahoo.com) : Study on steel corrosion rate in semi closed seawater area by weight loss technique. Asian J Adv Basic Sci 2015, 3(2), 45-53.

The influence of various environmental parameters on the corrosion rate of the metallic structures was studied. Different physicochemical and biological parameters were measured during the period June 2011 and May 2012 at Eastern harbor (EH), front of NIOF, Alexandria. Their ranges and (annual averages) were found as follows; temperature, 16.75- 29.73°, (22.8°); dissolved oxygen, 2.253-7.083ml/l, (4.089ml/l), pH 8.025 - 8.415. Total alkalinity recorded relatively high values, 2.838 -3.74meq/l, (3.35meq/l). The variations of the nutrient salts, PO₄^-3, NO₂^-2 and NO^-3 differed between, 0.588-5.5378μmol/l, (1.798μmol/l); 0.369-2.938μmol/l (1.658μmol/l) and 1.606 15.633μmol/l (8.651μmol/l) respectively. Low level of SO₄^2- was found, 1.933g/l-3.914g/l (2.954g/l). The phytoplankton annual average recorded 1.84x10⁶cells/l. The Bacillariophycea is dominating during most of the study year while the Dinophycea was frequent. The total annual average of bacterial count was 2271063 CFU/ml. The bacterial counts showed significant differences and their fluctuation in population distribution depends on the physicochemical variations.

10 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

021198   Tadros H R Z;Naggar M F E;Barakat K M I; Abbas Abou-Taleb A E;Zagholoul F A E R (Marine Environment Div, NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt, Email: hermine_rzts@yahoo.com) : Impact of some physicochemical and biological factors on steel corrosion in seawater. Asian J Adv Basic Sci 2015, 3(2), 64-73.

The present study focuses on steel corrosion rate in seawater by weight loss technique and the impact of some physicochemical and biological marine parameter on it. Surface water samples were collected twice a week over one year; March 2013 -February 2014 at a fixed station in the Eastern Harbor of Alexandria. The results indicated that; water transparency (58.5 - 240.0cm). Temperature (15.5°C - 34.1°C). Salinity (<60>35.0-37.5). pH (7.80 - 8.92). Dissolved oxygen (2.51 - 7.95ml/l). Total alkalinity (1.3 - 3.6meq/l). While nutrient salts (μmol) displayed wide and rapid changes; 0.77-93.13, 0.03-0.75, 0.03-1.7, 0.01-3.2 and 0.06-38.38 for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, reactive phosphate and reactive silicate respectively. Parallel to the above mentioned condition, the phytoplankton count (1.02x10³ - 4.92x10⁶ cells/l); while bacterial count (1.3x10³ - 221.0x10⁶ CFU/ml). The corrosion rate ranged between 0.9339-2.3488 mpy. It is directly affected with temperature and nitrite concentrations. The principle component analysis were calculated and discussed.

14 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

021197   Su H;Shi D (School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong Univ, Shenyang, P.R. China, Email: suhd1963@sina.com) : Effects of slow-release trace Ni<. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(8), 2786-90.

The experimental load of Ni²⁺ to the adsorbent of ceramsite, making it release Ni²⁺ slowly, increasing the biological effective degrees of microscale metals element, improving the microbial treatment efficiency of organic wastewater.Using fly ash, cement, lime, gypsum as main raw material, CaCl₂, Na2SO₄ and NaCl as activating agent, using steam curing method, determine the best proportion of raw material, investigating the technological conditions.Discussing the release process of trace Ni²⁺ metal element of ceramsite. Through contrast test with the control group, homemade common ceramsite group, commodity ceramsite group and slow-release Ni²⁺ ceramsite group in the microbial reactor can obtain: the removal rate of COD is 72.8%, 81.4%, 81. 3% and 91.8% respectively, removal rate of adding modification ceramsite is the peak, 19% higher than control group. Slow-release ceramsite can increase the activity of activated sludge,comparing with other ceramsite and adding trace metal element directly,which has more superior process performance.

7 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

021196   Shylaja M B;Hinakousar;Basavaraddi S B; Prakasha;Mallikarjunaswamy G C (Chemistry Dep, Kalapataru First Grade Science College, Tiptur, Karnataka) : Studies on water quality index of municipal tap water of some selected areas of Tiptur town, Tumkur district, Karnataka. Asian J biochem pharm Res 2015, 5(4), 193-9.

The water quality index (WQI)is a single number that expresses the quality of water by integrating the water quality variables. It is one of the most effective way to assess the quality of water. The objective of the index is to convert complex data pertaining to water quality into the most comprehensible and simple data that can be understood by general public and policy makers as a whole. The present study is to assess the water quality in relation to drinking and domestic purpose in Tiptur town. Eight most important physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Total dissolved solids, Total hardness, Total alkalinity, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride and Nitrate were taken for the calculation of WQI of tap water to assess the impact of pollutants due to anthropogenic activities. The water quality index values ranged from 39.9 to 80.73 during winter season and ranged from 40.05 to 77.5 during summer season. In the present investigation, the quality of water was found to be good in all sampling locations of Tiptur town.

1 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref

021195   Sharma P K;Pandey R;Raghuvanshi D;Shukla D N (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002) : Assessment of physico-chemical parameters to investigate pollution status of river Ganga at Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. Asian J biochem pharm Res 2015, 5(4), 170-9.

The present investigation deals with an assessment of some physico-chemical parameters of Ganga river water at two distinct sites of Haridwar district (Uttrakhand) viz: Site1 (Har-Ki-Pauri) and Site2 (Ramghat). The water samples were collected and analyzed on monthly basis (2014-2015) from sampling stations to evaluate the relative differences in physico-chemical properties of river water as Total solids (20.74%) higher, pH (0.7%) lower, Dissolved oxygen (4.90%) lower, Turbidity (8.90%) higher and Total hardness (5.90%) higher at site 2 in comparison to Site 1. A Systematic calculation of correlation coefficient between water quality parameters also has been done with minimizing the complexity and dimensionality of large set of data. Correlation coefficient showed highly significant positive and significant negative relationship (p<60>0.01 level). A highly significant (p<60>0.01) positive correlation (r=0.946/0.988) found in between TH and pH at both Site 1 and Site 2 whereas TS and DO showed a highly significant (p<62>0.01) negative correlation (r= -1.00/-0.981)at both site 1 and site 2.

5 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

021194   Sharma A;Sharma P;Sharma P;Joshi S C (Biosciences Dep, Stani Memorial PG College, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: akshas1@yahoo.co.in) : Review on organochlorine pesticides and reproductive toxicity in males. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(8), 3123-38.

Today, humans and wildlife are constantly exposed to thousands of chemical residues, through air, food and water. Organochlorines are widespread pollutants and comprise a variety of compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine. Chlorinated insecticides, solvents, and fumigants are widely used around the world. Exposure to organochlorine chemicals has been associated with many deleterious effects on human health. Concerns have been raised about their implication in reproductive toxicity and endocrine disruption, because organochlorine chemicals persist in the environment. Organochlorines interfere with normal hormonal function in animals and humans. Reproductive abnormalities, including feminization of males, abnormal sexual behavior, birth defects, altered sex ratios, decreased sperm production, reduced testicular size, infertility, and thyroid dysfunction, have been reported in laboratory animals and wildlife exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This review deals with adverse effects of different organochlorine chemicals on male reproductive system, thus indicates limited use of organochlorines to improve the quality of life for human welfare.

117 ref

021193   Sarma P J;Rajneesh Kumar;Manikandan N A; Pakshirajan K (Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781 039, Email: pakshi@iitg.ernet.in) : Removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by biosorption using agricultural waste materials: batch and continuous reactor study. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(9), 3420-30.

In this study, different agricultural waste materials, namely rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, mustard oil cake, tea waste, betel nut peel and saw dust, were investigated for their potential to remove Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The effect of solution pH, contact time, biosorbent dosage and initial Cr(III)/Cr(VI) concentration on its biosorption was first studied under batch condition. Among the six biosorbents tested in this study, sugarcane bagasse removed Cr(III) with a maximum efficiency of 89.14%, whereas rice husk yielded a maximum Cr(VI) removal efficiency of 79.48% under the batch condition. Chromium sorption kinetics was best explained by the intra particle diffusion based second order kinetics model. Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope analyses of sugarcane bagasse and rice husk were performed before and after its chromium loading in order to analyze the morphology and the functional groups responsible for the chromium biosorption. Continuous column sorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were carried out in two identical fixed-bed columns with sugarcane bagasse and rice husk, respectively, as the biosorbents. The influence of bed depth and flow rate on continuous chromium sorption was investigated at 30 mg L^-1 inlet concentration. The chromium breakthrough and saturation time in both the columns increased with a decrease in the flow rate from 30 to 10 mL min^-1. The same effect was observed with an increase in the column bed depth from 10 to 30 cm.

6 illus, 9 tables, 35 ref

021192   Reddy S S G;Solomon Raju A J;Bezewada M K (Biotechnology Dep, Godavari Institute of Engineering & Technology, Rajahmundry-533 294) : Phytoremediation of sugar industrial water effluent using various hydrophytes. Int J envir Sci 2015, 5(6), 1147-58.

The rapid development in the industrial sector leading to the drastic changes in the environmental equilibrium and is the prime challenge to scientists as the natural resources are very precious. The sugar industrial effluent mainly shows an adverse effect on the water quality parameters like D.O., B.O.D., C.O.D., pH, temperature and conductivity of the surrounding aqua systems at the time of discharge. The abnormal levels of these parameters cause pollution in water bodies and even death of aqua flora and fauna. However, sugar industrial effluents are found hazardous and they enter the environment through various channels of waste water discharges. Conventional treatment technologies for the removal of industrial effluents are less economical than that of biological methods. Phytoremediation techniques have been found potential to absorb effluents to maximum extent and without possibility of secondary pollution. The prime objective of this paper is to investigate the capability of selected aquatic plant species of Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Nelumbo lutea and Marsilea quadrifolia for the removal of sugar industry effluent toxicity from the contaminated aqueous environment. The changes in the water quality parameters during the treatment of industrial effluent with aquatic plants were verified periodically to optimize the process.

7 illus, 8 tables, 26 ref

021191   Reda A H;Ayu A A (Chemistry Dep, College of Natural Sciences, Arbaminch Univ, Arbaminch, Ethiopia) : Accumulaion and distribution of some selected heavy metals in both water and some vital tissues of two fish species (Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus) from lake Chamo Ethiopia. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2016, 4(5), 6-12.

The present study was carried out to investigate the accumulation of heavy metals in different tissue organs of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) and Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish). The analysis of results after digestion of sample with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) showed that the concentration of measured metals in different tissues of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus existed in the order of liver <62> gill <62> muscle for Zn, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb in Oreochromis niloticus fish. In Clarias gariepinus, gill <62> liver <62> muscle for Zn, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe and Mn whereas for Pb muscle <62> liver <62> gill and for Ni liver = muscle <62> gill. In general the metal contents determined in the two fish species were in the order of Clarias gariepinus <62> Oreochromis niloticus for Cu, Mn and Ni in all tissues, and Zn, Cd, Co and Mn were higher in Oreochromis niloticus than Clarias gariepinus in the gill and liver, whereas the concentration of Zn, Co, Fe and Pb were higher in the muscle of Clarias gariepinus than Oreochromis niloticus. Liver of Oreochromis niloticus accumulated the highest concentration of heavy metals while the muscles of both fishes had the lowest concentrations.

1 illus, 5 tables, 40 ref

021190   Ramanjulu C;Suvardhan K;Bisetty K;Naidu N V (Chemistry Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati-517 501, Email: nvsn69@gmail.com) : Seasonal variation and distribution of anionic surfactants in and around Tirupati: an famous pilgrim centre in South India. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(10), 3655-7.

This report presents the anionic surfactants concentration in water system collected in and around Tirupati, South India. The concentration of anionic surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfonate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate were showed a rather homogeneous distribution (except sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) within the Tirupati, with high values of 80.0, 90.75, 46.90, 15.10 μg L^-1 in Tirupati and slightly less concentration values of 75.0, 60.55, 35.40, 10.0 μg L^-1 were found in samples collected from Renigunta Industrial Estate during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons respectively. High concentration of these surfactants in open wells and open municipal wastewaters in Tirupati may be due to the huge discharge of domestic wastes into the drain system. The concentration of surfactants found in Renigunta Industrial Estate may be due to the direct discharge of industrial wastewater into the environment.

1 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

021189   Ramamurthy N;Konkala A;Suresh S (Botany Dep, MVS Govt. UG & PG College, Mahabubnagar-509 001, Email: satikasuresh@gmail.com) : Assessment of water quality parameters of koilsagar project in Mahabubnagar district, Telangana, India. Int J envir Sci 2015, 5(6), 1134-9.

Water is an essential and precious natural resource for sustaining life and environment which is available in abundance as a free gift of nature and water is an important component in the ecosystem. Due to increased human population, industrialization, use of fertilizers and manmade activities water is highly polluted with different harm full contaminants. Natural water contaminates due to weathering of rocks and leaching of soils, mining process etc. It is necessary that the quality of drinking water should be checked at regular time intervals, due to use of contaminated drinking water, human population suffers from varied of water borned diseases. In the present study water samples were collected from Koilsagar project, which is located at Mahabubnagar district. This project has two main canals. The left flank canal is about 14.48 km length and it irrigates 3000 acres and the right flank canal length is 25.74 km and it irrigates 9000 acres. The physico-chemical parameters were studied included temperature, P^H, TDS, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, phosphates, chlorides, nitrates, calcium, magnesium etc. and studied for a period of one year i.e., from March, 2014 to February, 2015. These physico-chemical parameters were compared with WHO standards and also with normal tap water. The results indicate that the Koilsagar project water can be used for domestic, irrigation and pisciculture purpose.

1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

021188   Peycheva K;Panayotova V;Stancheva M (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Univ of Varna, 55 Marin Drinov Str. 9000 Varna) : Assessment of human health risk for copper, arsenic, zinc, nickel, and mercury in marine fish species collected from Bulgarian black sea coast. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2016, 4(5), 41-6.

The aim of this study is to measure the levels of Cu, As, Zn, Ni and Hg found in muscle of three common fish species collected from the coast of Black Sea, Bulgaria and to determine their potential effects via calculation of the daily intake of metals and estimated weekly intake of metals. To estimate the human health risk, the target hazard quotients (THQ), was calculated. THQs for individual metals were lower than the guideline value of 1. Hazard Index of each trace element were lower than one suggesting that these pollutants perhaps pose no hazard to local residents. Target risk due to As (3.63x10^-5 - 5.47 x10^-5) and Ni (2.65x10^-7 - 5.07 x10^-7) exposure through fish consumption may not have the probability of contracting cancer over a long lifetime in future. More intensive studies are necessary in order to determine the toxic metals in fishes from this area of Black Sea.

3 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

021187   Ngodhe S O;Nyamai D;Owato G (Environmental Studies Dep, Rongo Univ College, Migori Highway, Migori Province, Kenya) : Detecting changes, causes and future prospects of Kenyan wetlands and their conservation. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2016, 4(5), 24-9.

Wetlands around the globe have been altered, degraded or lost through a wide range of human activities. A variety of conservation action is presently undertaken in response to these changes, and much of this work aims to: promote the wise and sustainable use of wetland resources, maintain ecological character at wetland sites, and also to prevent degradation and loss of wetlands at local, national and international scales. Kenyan wetlands play a number of roles in the socio-economic development of the country despite being under intense pressure. The driving forces continue to increase in intensity with time and there is a need for immediate action in order to restore their ecological character and integrity. The findings of this review provides an introduction, changes, causes, challenges and way forward as the conservation of Kenyan wetlands is concerned.

1 table, 30 ref

021186   Malathi K;Prabha V (Biochemistry Dep, DKM College for Women, Sainathapuram, Vellore-632 001, Email: malak.hari@gmail.com) : In-vitro studies on oil degrading bacteria isolated from oil contaminated soil of vaniyabadi and Ambur areas of Vellore district. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(8), 3478-83.

The oil polluted soil has many hydrocarbons which can be degraded by microbes. These oil degrading microbes were isolated from the oil contaminated soil through plate and dilution technique. The oil contaminated soils were collected from the oil spilled places of Vaniyambadi and Ambur areas of Vellore District, Tamil nadu, India. Through the biochemical tests, the isolated bacterial strains were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, the strains were further confirmed by starch hydrolysis test and by growing on cetrimide agar. It is screened for the biosurfactant production through drop collapsing test and Emulsification Index (E24) using diesel, petrol, kerosene and tween 20. Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds which reduce surface and interfacial tension. Here, Pseudomonas aeruginosa had shown higher biosurfactant activity, when compared to Bacillus subtilis.

10 ref

021185   Ma Q L;Lu X F;Ma J C;Gao L;Bao W R;Ma H Z (Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan Univ of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China, Email: baoweiren@tyut.edu.cn) : New ferric chloride modified kaolin coagulant and its application in treatment of methylene blue wastewater. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(8), 2856-60.

In this study, a new coagulant, ferric chloride modified kaolin (Fe-Kaolin) was used to treat the simulated methylene blue wastewater. The coagulant was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of parameters, such as initial pH, coagulant dosage and dye concentration on methylene blue removal were also studied and the procedure was inspected by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and chemical oxygen demand. The results showed that a maximum color and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 99.64 and 90%, respectively, for 0.12 g/L methylene blue wastewater were observed. Moreover, the environmental effect of the treated effluent was also studied.

10 illus, 17 ref

021184   Li J C;Xu D D;Xu Z F;Zheng Z (Environmental Science and Engineering Dep, Fudan Univ, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China, Email: leew_china@126.com) : Effects of chelating agents on Mn absorption by Polygonum pubesens blume from Mn ore-containing soils. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(9), 3339-44.

Pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of incorporation of various doses of ascorbic acid, tartaric acid and EDTA on the Mn absorption by hyperaccumulator Polygonum pubescens Blume from soil. The results showed that the incorporation of chelating agents could effectively raise the exchangeable Mn content in Mn ore soil, activate Mn in soil and enhance plant Mn uptake. For Mn-activation ability, the order was EDTA <62> ascorbic acid <62> tartaric acid. 10 mmol/kg EDTA displayed the maximum effect of 1 135% on accumulation capacity of the shoots of Polygonum pubescens Blume in mine tailing soils. EDTA is recommended to be coupled with Polygonum pubescens Blume for remediation of Mn ore soils. 5 mmol/kg EDTA was the optimal regulating dose for the Mn transport ability and Mn remediation efficiency of Polygonum pubescens Blume in Mn mine tailing area.

7 tables, 17 ref

021183   Li G L;Li X A;Chen X L (College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, P.R. China, Email: lgl3298@126.com) : Development of monoclonal antibody based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam residue in environmental water samples. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(10), 3647-50.

This work describes the analytical performance of newly developed method-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam to effectively exploit as a rapid and simple detection technology for pesticide residue on the scenes of the environmental water monitoring samples. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay represents the satisfactory analytical characteristics (IC₅₀ value, 0.0255 mg L^-1; limit of detection, 0.001 mg L^-1) to detect thiamethoxam at the maximum residue limits (MRL) or there about in samples. For the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis, acetonitrile showed the lowest influence on the assay performance was selected as the best extraction and the final concentration in the well could be up to 5% (v/v) without any negative influence on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dilution of sample extracts with water was effective in eliminating matrix interference. Average recoveries from thiamethoxam-spiked environmental water samples were <62> 75% using a rapid and simple extraction method with hand shaking for 5 min. Analytical results obtained from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were comparable to those obtained from the conventional HPLC method. These findings strongly indicate that the proposed method-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of thiamethoxam residue in environmental water may be routinely employed as a rapid, simple and quantitative preliminary screening method for the monitoring of safety of environmental water.

1 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

021182   Kullu B;Behera N (Botany Dep, Berhampur Univ, Odisha, Email: bandkullu@gmail.com) : Physico-chemical characterization of different age series sponge iron solid waste dumps with respect to reclamation. Int J envir Sci 2015, 5(6), 1052-60.

Sponge iron solid waste dumps represent a distressed habitat and posses scare in the natural landscape of the area and such dumping sites therefore need urgent attention for their reclamation. Physico-chemical properties of 0, 1, 3 and 5 yrs old sponge iron solid waste dumps were analyzed. A comparative analysis of physical features of different age series sponge iron solid waste dumps revealed an improvement of textual (increase in clay and slit) and structural (decline in bulk density) properties along with the improvement in hydrological regime (water holding capacity and moisture content). pH of the different age series sponge iron solid waste dumps gradually shifted from alkaline range to the neutral range. The soil organic carbon, nitrogen and extractable phosphorous in the freshly laid dump was observed to be beyond the detection limit. However, with the increase in the age of the waste dumps, the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous content showed progressive increase. C: N ratio was showing declining trend with increasing age of the waste dumps. Findings of the present study indicated the positive effect of soil supplementation and natural vegetation succession on the process of reclamation of the waste dump converting it into a natural ecosystem.

2 tables, 37 ref

021181   Islam F;Morshed A J M;Rahman M;Akhtar P; Islam M J;Mahmud A S M;Mary M;Heng L Y (NO, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories, Chittagong-4220, Bangladesh, Email: faridacct@yahoo.com) : Determination of heavy metals and trace elements in worldwide branded shampoo available in local market of Bangladesh by atomic absorption spectrometry. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(10), 3756-62.

Heavy and trace metals are certainly stirring elements which are existing with the environment. These substances go to the products by various process which we consume and use every day. In this analysis the heavy metals i.e. Cd, Pb and Hg with some trace elements, i.e. Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, As, Co, Zn, Cr and Ni were numerically assessed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The result indicates the concentration of Hg in the both synthetic and herbal shampoo was exceeded the WHO permissible limit. Aluminium value was nearly three times higher in synthetic shampoo than that of herbal shampoo. This study has revealed that the alarming amount of heavy metals and trace elements is present in most of the branded products including both of the synthetic and herbal. As a result, the continuous use of these cosmetics cause an adverse effects of heavy metal toxicity.

2 illus, 3 tables, 41 ref

021180   Han D C;Zhang D (School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong Univ, Shenyang 110159, P.R. China, Email: sylgdxdong@sina.com) : Determination of palladium and gold in water and geological samples by FAAS after preconcentration. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(8), 2783-5.

A new preconcentration and separation flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) method was developed for the determination of trace of palladium and gold ions in water and geological samples. The method was based on sorption of noble metal ions on the porous nano-barium strontium titanate by reversed-phase suspension polymerization (PBST-RSP) and sol-gel method. The possible parameters influencing the enrichment were optimized. In pH range of 6-7, Pd(II) and Au(III) could be quantitatively retained by PBST-RSP. The analytes retained on PBST-RSP were effectively eluted with 0.1 moL/L HNO₃ solution. At optimum conditions, the method detection limits (3s) of 0.012 μg/L for Pd and 0.019 μg/L for Au along with enrichment factors of 100 were obtained. Finally, established method has been successfully applied for the determination of Pd and Au in water and geological samples with satisfactory results.

1 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

021179   Gaharwar A S;Gaurav N;Singh A P;Gariya H S; Bhoora (NO, Environmental Officer Jaypee Sidhi Cement Plant JP Vihar, Sidhi, Madhya Pradesh) : Review article on manufacturing process of cement, environmental attributes, topography and climatological data station: IMD, Sidhi, Madhya Pradesh. J med Pl Stud 2016, 4(4), 47-53.

Cement is the basic material for buildings and civil engineering constructions. Portland cement, the most widely used cement in concrete construction, was patented in 1824. Cement is a fine powdery material untwining silicates of calcium, formed out of raw materials consisting calcium oxide, silica, aluminum oxide and iron oxide. India has an installed capacity of 234 million tons per year, making this is the second highest Cement producer in the whole world. As is the case in the United States, several multinational Cement producers have built up a larger share of India's Cement production industry. Among many countries India is the second highest producer of cement in the world, with 130 large cement plants and an installed capacity of 234 million ton per annum (94% of which is from large cement plants). During 2006-2007 cement production grew at a rate of 9.1% compared to the same period the previous year. However, despite this growth, India's per capita production is 115 kg per annum, well under the world average of 250 kg (World Cement 2007). The Cement manufacturing sector plays a vital role in the nation's economic development since cement is the most versatile and widely used construction material. The cement industry has made phenomenal progress in terms of volume, technology and product up gradation in recent years.

3 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

021178   Das S;Choudhury M R (Civil Engineering Dep, SRPEC (Gujarat Technological Univ), Unjha, Gujarat, Email: sumanvu_27@yahoo.co.in) : Earth observation and assessment of land use and land cover dynamics- A case study of Guwahati city, Assam, India. Int J envir Sci 2015, 5(6), 1061-77.

Remote Sensing and GIS is a fundamental and essential tool, widely applicable for investigating the LULC at the village as well as the regional levels. This paper shows a Geographical Information Systems & Science (GISc) approach for modeling land use and land cover change (LUCC) in a rapid urban growing region of Guwahati city, Assam. In this project, we used multi-temporal satellite images(IRS LISS-III) for the years of 2006 and 2010 and topographical map as raw data source for monitoring and assessment of land use and land cover changes. The supervised classification of both the satellite images and analytical works are carried out in ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2 and ARC GIS 9.3 softwares. LU/LC classification of temporal satellite images represent the overall change scenario of the several years and the approach of change matrix analysis is determined the overall reduction and increment of LU/LC areas. The result demonstrated that, the overall boundary area of Guwahati city has been decreased from 2006 to 2010. In that, Scrub land and Population increased rapidly, whereas, Dense vegetation class is decreased due to rapid urbanization which leads to environmental degradation.

11 illus, 2 tables, 40 ref

021177   Bhuvana N;Prakash P (Chemistry Dep, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, Email: bhuvana_jerin@yahoo.com) : Distribution of strontium in the sediments of river Kortalaiyar, Tamilnadu, India. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(4), 1861-8.

Strontium (Sr) is one of the uncommon heavy metals found in the sediments of river. It has drawn an attraction towards its distribution in the Kortalaiyar river basin in the present study. Hence, an attempt has been made to analyze the concentration of the metal in the 30 sampling locations in the stretch of the river. The extent of pollution by this metal is assessed using various pollution indices like Geoaccumulation index, Contamination Factor and Enrichment Factor. A complete study has been done on the existence of Sr in the Kortalaiyar river. The outcome of the study gives valuable information regarding the moderate pollution of the river by Sr metal.

5 illus, 20 ref

021176   Bhavin Ram;Chinchorkar S S;Khardiwar M S; Sayyad F G (NO, Anand Agricultural Univ, Dahod, Gujarat, Email: bhavinram@gmail.com) : Analysis of monthly, seasonal and annual air temperature variability trends in Junagadh (Saurashtra region) of Gujarat. Int J agric Engng 2015, 8(1), 39-46.

Climatic change is one of the most important issues of present times, therefore, world-wide interest in global warming and climate change has led to numerous trend detection studies. Anthropogenic interference in the environment is one of the greatest causes of the process of climatic change in several regions of the world. This study focuses on the variability and trends of the mean annual, seasonal and monthly surface air temperature in Junagadh (Saurashtra region) of Gujarat, during the period 1980-2011. This study investigated monthly, seasonal and annual climatic variability in Junagadh (Saurashtra region) of Gujarat based on mean maximum, mean minimum and mean air temperatures. One of the main results of this study was the confirmation of a significant warming trend in average temperatures in Junagadh (Saurashtra region) of Gujarat. Analysis of maximum and minimum temperatures revealed a warming trend for the annual and all seasonal series. The warming trend for the summer and winter seasons was statistically significant at P <60> 0.01 level with a rate of increase of 0.006 C/year and less 0.055C/year. The air temperature time series were analyzed, so that the variability and trends can be described.

2 illus, 2 tables, 42 ref

021175   Assirey E;Al-Qodah Z;Al-Ahmadi M (Chemistry Dep, Taibah Univ, P.O. Box 344, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email: eman_assirey@hotmail.com) : Impact of traffic density on roadside pollution by some heavy metal ions in Madinah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(10), 3770-6.

In this study, the impact of traffic activities on K, Cr, Ir and Pd heavy metals ion concentration of roadside soil of Madinah city, Saudi Arabia. Surface and 20 cm under surface soil samples from 12 different sites were collected and analyzed. The measured concentration of the four heavy metal ions was correlated to the traffic density which was monitored in roads near the sampling sites. In addition, a comparison was made between the concentration and those of Zn and Pb investigated previously. The results revealed significant dependence of Cr and Ir on traffic density with correlation coefficients of 0.948 and 0.898, respectively. The other two metals, K and Pd showed no dependence on traffic density and no dependence between the surface and under surface concentration. The values of pollution indices such as contamination factor, degree of contamination and geo-accumulation index indicated various levels of contamination in the roadside soil. The degree of contamination values in the most five polluted sites were 258.718, 180.854, 142.737, 88.477 and 79.153, corresponding to the airport road (1), Taibah University street (2), Orwah Valley street (3), Qubaa Municipality (4), East Al-Haram area (5), respectively. These results insure that traffic emissions and other anthropogenic activities are major sources of the metal contamination.

4 illus, 6 tables, 34 ref

021174   Asegbeloyin J N;Ukwueze N N;Ihedioha J N; Oruma U S (Pure and Industrial Chemistry Dep, Nigeria Univ, Nsukka, Nigeria, Email: niyi.asegbeloyin@unn.edu.ng) : Levels of toxic trace metals and mineral elements in broiler chicken raised at Nsukka, Nigeria: an evaluation of possible potential health risk. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(10), 3781-5.

The study assessed the concentrations of some trace metals and mineral elements in some broiler chicken from Nsukka, Nigeria and estimated the potential health risk associated with their consumption. Dried meat samples were digested with freshly prepared 1:1 HNO₃/H₂O₂ solution and metal concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically. The ranges of mean concentrations (mg/kg) were: Mn (0.01-0.09), Cd (0.01-0.7), Cr (1.21-2.94), As (0.01-2.13) Pb (0.50-1.50), Se (0.01-0.03), K (7.11-33.86), Ca (15.22-177.15), Na (12.41-43.81), Mg (60.50-548.03) and P (7.75-88.53). The concentration (mg/kg) of trace metals in some of the animal parts were above some regulatory limits. The estimated intakes of As and Pb were above the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) while the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) of As was very high. Possible potential health risk could arise from consumption of the broiler chicken with respect to arsenic.

4 tables, 42 ref

021173   Alrawiq N;Khairiah J;Latif M T;Ismail B S (School of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia, Email: ismail@ukm.edu.my) : Heavy metal (Cr, Mn, Fe) contents in soils from the mada rice fields in Kedah, Malaysia. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(4), 1729-46.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the heavy metal (Cr, Mn, and Fe) contents in paddy soils of the Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) in the state of Kedah, Malaysia. The study was conducted in fields using two different types of irrigation water namely, recycled (RCL) and non-recycled (N-RCL) water. The heavy metals in the soil were extracted using "the sequential extraction method". The heavy metals were extracted from the four different soil fractions using different reagents. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the studied area was in the following decreasing order: Fe <62> Mn <62> Cr. The total Fe concentration in the areas supplied with RCL water ranged from 21256.895 mg/Kg to 26915.28 mg/Kg, whereas in the areas with N-RCL water Fe concentration ranged from 16090.196 mg/Kg to 18420.457 mg/Kg. It was found that the total Mn concentrations in the areas supplied with RCL water ranged from 31.948 mg/Kg to 44.444 mg/Kg, whereas in areas with the N-RCL water, it ranged from 27.673 mg/Kg to 33.260 mg/Kg. The total Cr concentration in the areas supplied with the N-RCL water, it ranged from 14.595 mg/Kg to 19.073 mg/Kg. The results also showed that the heavy metals in the paddy soil fractions were concentrated mainly in the RR fraction. However, Mn was found to be at the highest level in the ELFE fraction. Fe was generally found to have the highest concentration in the RR fraction.

7 illus, 6 tables, 29 ref

021172   Agbazue V E;Ekere N R;Samira M I (Pure & Industrial Chemistry Dep, Nigeria Univ, Nsukka, Nigeria, Email: nwachukwuekere64@gmail.com) : Physico-chemical parameters and heavy metal levels in water and fish samples from river Jakara and Jakara dam, Kano state, Nigeria. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(10), 3794-8.

The physico-chemical parameters and heavy metal levels in water samples from river Jakara and Jakara dam as well as in fish samples from the dam were determined during the wet and dry seasons of the year. From the results and the calculated t-value of the parameters, the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals determined were generally higher in dry season than the wet season. The recorded pH ranged between 6.1 ± 0.2 to 8.45 ± 0.35, conductivity 970 ± 90 μS/cm to 3300 ± 60 μS/cm, dissolved oxygen 5.5 ± 0.5 mg/L to 12 ± 0.1 mg/L, hardness 42 ± 0.0 mg/L to 326 ± 74 mg/L while the concentration ranges of heavy metals in mg/L and mg/kg were as follows: Pb (0.035 ± 0.01 to 0.070 ± 0.01), Cr (0.115 ± 0.03 to 0.256 ± 0.0), Cu (0.049 ± 0.01 to 0.209 ± 0.04) and Pb (0.108 ± 0.0 to 0.323 ± 0.0), Cr (0.233 ± 0.0004 to 0.930 ± 0.0), Cu (0.484 ± 0.16 to 1.774 ± 0.163) in water and fish samples respectively. The results showed that temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chloride, sulphate, nitrate were within World Health Organization/Standards Organization of Nigeria (WHO/SON) permissible limits for drinking water. However conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, TDS, turbidity and heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Pb) were outside (WHO/SON) permissible limits for drinking water; whereas Cu and Zn were within the standard. The heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Fe, Cr, Pb) concentrations in fish samples were within permissible limits set by WHO even though the transfer coefficients calculated revealed higher concentrations of heavy metals in fish than in water.

2 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

020277   Yogish S N (Studies in Economics Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577 451) : India's environmental policy. Int J Envir Dev 2015, 12(1), 71-8.

In this paper examines the India's Environmental policy. The focus is on to ensure sustainable and equitable use of resources for meeting the basic needs of the present and future generations without causing damage to the environment. The issue on control pollution, implement the directives of the Acts and Department of Environment are discussed.

12 ref