017279   Reeta Kumari;Rani P (Zoology Dep, Science College, Patna-800 005) : Ecological investigations of Daha river of Siwan, Bihar. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 373-6.

Physico-chemical parameters of Daha river in Siwan were measured at monthly interval from November 2005 to Octeber 2007. This river gains some nutrients from domestic wastewaters and from animal wastes. The various parameters like temperature, pH, turbidity, total solids, DO, BOD, COD, chloride, sulphate, etc. were studied. The water was slightly alkaline. Significant seasonal variations were observed throughout the study period. The overall level of various parameters suggests that the river not much polluted.

2 tables, 11 ref

017278   Raveen R;Chennakrishnan C;Stephen A (Botany Dep, Madras Christian College, Chennai-600 059) : Impact of pollution on the quality of water in three freshwater lakes of suburban Chennai. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 61-4.

The metropolitan cities of India are reeling under the pressure of severe water scarcity. Chennai is among the worst affected as it has suffered long spells of water shortages combined with rapid and haphazard urbanization of its ever-expanding suburbs. In light of the above, the water bodies that supply precious water to the human population and to the flora and fauna gain paramount importance. The study was undertaken to asses the quality of water in three important lakes of southern suburban Chennai which recharge the ground water as well as harbours a diversity of plant and animal life. All the three lakes suffer from encroachments, dumping and burning of wastes, and unchecked inflow of domestic and industrial effluents. The parameters studied were: colour, odour, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, alkalinity, total hardness, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, sulphate and chloride.

3 tables, 5 ref

017277   Raut S V;Gandbhir G R (Microbiology Dep, Bhavan's College, Andheri [W], Mumbai-400 058, Email: svrmicro@yahoo.co.in ) : Treatment of dairy effluent at lab scale by free and immobilised isolates and Candida haemulonii. Biosci Res Bull 2008, 24(2), 91-100.

Study was carried out to the treatment of dairy waste water at lab scale by use of free and immobilized Candida haenulonii MTCC 1964 and consortium of isolates. The different process parameters such as pH, treatment time inoculum size was optimized for the isolates and Candida haenulonii MTCC 1964. At inoculum level of 9% (v/v), pH 6, treatment time of 16 hrs., agitation 200-225 rpm, RT. BOD₅ & COD of dairy waste water reduced to 62% and 65.6% by immobilized Candida haenulonii MTCC 1964 and 64 % and 67.5 % by immobilized consortia. BOD and COD reduction with free isolates obtained was 61.13% and 60.5% with Candida heanulonii MTCC 1964 and 63.5%,63.7% with consortia.

8 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

017276   Rao A J;Nair V R (NO, National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Samarth Nagar, Andheri, Mumbai-400 058) : Effects of salinity on the toxicity of copper and zinc to the fish Therapon jarbua (Forsskal). Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 303-6.

Knowledge of acute toxicity of a pollutant can be used in predicting and preventing the possible damage to organisms, which help in regulating toxic waste discharges into the waters in which they live. Toxicity tests were carried out on the fish Therapon jarbua, the common species found along the near shore waters of Mumbai. Toxicity of Cu, Zn and mixtures of Cu and Zn at 22 ± 2 %o and 32 ± 2 % salinities were studied. The response of the fish was found to be varying very little between 24 and 48 h while at 72 and 96 h the difference was appreciable. It was evident from the experiments that salinity plays a significant role in the toxicity of metals to estuarine and marine organisms. The LC₅₀ values of Cu were found to be 2-3 times less toxic in 22 ± 2 %o salinity than that observed at 32 ± 2%. The LC₅₀ values of Zn were 1.1-1.7 times less in lower salinity than that observed at higher salinity.

2 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

017275   Ramanathan R;Renuka R (Economics Dep, Shrimathi Indra Gandhi College, Tiruchi-620 002) : Status and implications of noise pollution in temples of Tamil Nadu-Srirangam temple. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 101-5.

Tamil Nadu has a rich cultural heritage and has many temples which are not only places of worship but also places of historical importance. Many forms of cultural and social activities were once practiced. Now everything has been commercialized and these have now become places of exploitation of sentiments and religious values of people, and exploration of new possibilities for extortion of money. Temples have now turned places of pollution rather than peace. In many temples in Tamil Nadu, noise pollution has become a routine, not only in small temples, which are in villages, but also a routine affair in big and famous temples. Srirangam temple, an important temple famous for its sculptures and its presiding deity, is considered as the first 'Divya Desa' for vaishnavaites, and has been taken as an example in this study on noise pollution levels. The effect of noise pollution is analysed and its implications viewed. Remedial measures are also discussed.

3 tables, 11 ref

017274   Raina A K;Rathore V;Sharma A (Environmental Sciences Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006) : Effect of stone crusher dust on leaves of Melia azedarach Linn. and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. in Jammu (J&K). Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 279-82.

The effect of stone crusher dust, which settles on the leaves and becomes a hard mass when comes in contact with water, on the morphology, micromorphology and anatomical details of leaflets of Media azedarach Linn, and Dalbergia xix.ioa Roxb. growing in the vicinity of a stone crusher in Kaluchak area of Jammu has been studied. The observations on various parameters like colour and area of leaflets, stomatal length, breadth, frequency and index, thickness of leaflet, lower and upper epidermis and mesophyll tissues have been recorded and compared with the plants growing at the reference site. Results indicate that the total thickness of the leaflets and the thickness of upper epidermis decrease at the polluted site in both the genera. The length and breadth of the stomata decreases while the frequency and index of the stomata increases at polluted site in M. azedarach. However, reverse of this has been recorded for the D. sissoo which seems to be sensitive to dust generated by crushers in its morphological and micromorphological parameters as compared to M. azedarach.

1 table, 27 ref

017273   Prajapati J R;Raol B V (Microbiology Dep, Shri P.H.G. Muni. Arts and Science College, Kalol-382 721) : Ground water quality of Patan City, North Gujarat, India. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 27-32.

The study deals with the ground water quality of Patan city, north Gujarat. The ground water quality was assessed by examining various physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics. The bore well water samples were collected from north, south, east and west zones of Patan city during summer, winter and monsoon seasons. The physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters like temperature, turbidity, pH, EC, dissolved oxygen, free CO₂, total hardness, Ca and Mg hardness, TDS, total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrite, total iron, fluoride and MPN of coliforms have been analysed Total alkalinity, TDS, Ca-hardness, sulphate, total iron, fluoride and MPN count of coliforms were above the permissible limit as per IS: 10500 (BIS 1991). All the samples collected from Patan city were rated as unacceptable for their taste on the basis of TDS values and hard on the basis of total hardness. Waters with 300-400 mg/L sulphate have a bitter taste and those with 1000 mg/L or more sulphate may cause intestinal disorders. Total iron values exceeded the permissible limit and imparted bitter astringent taste to the water. The investigation revealed that Patan city is facing the problem of high fluoride concentration in bore well samples employed for drinking purpose. Fluoride in concentration beyond 1.5 mg/L causes dental fluorosis. The bore well samples from north and east zones were regarded as bacteriologically unsafe for drinking purpose. The defluoridation and disinfection of bore well water of Patan city were the two principal measures recommended to ensure the health of population residing in this area.

2 tables, 8 ref

017272   Pawale R G;Wale P N;Mali R P (Zoology Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431 602) : Analysis and impact of fluoride and iodide from major drinking water reservoirs in Nanded district. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 243-8.

Fluorine is an element of high biological activity and has a tendency to accumulate in organisms, making adverse effects possible even in very low levels of exposure. Iodine is an essential element for normal growth and development in animals and man. The effects of iodine deficiency on growth and development are seen at all stages of development and particularly in the fetus, theneonate and the infant. Water quality of two major drinking water reservoirs in Nanded district has been studied with special reference to the presence of fluoride and iodide along with other chemical parameters for the year January 2004 to December 2004. Study revealed that the fluoride and iodide content in the water was lower than minimum essential limit prescribed by various health organizations. The supply of iodine from food is recommended. The values of other parameters, i.e., pH and temperature were also found within the prescribed permissible limits for drinking water.

2 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

017271   Noorjahan C M (P.G. and Research Dep of Zoology, Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women, Teynampet, Chennai-600 018) : Physico-chemical characterization and microbial identification of commercial drinking water in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 49-54.

Physico-chemical and microbial properties of commercial drinking water (Sachets and bottles) in Chennai were studied. The results indicated that all physico-chemical parameters (pH, BOD, COD, chloride and fluoride) were within the permissible limits of WHO, but microbiological examination of the samples indicated contamination of drinking water posing serious problems to human health.

4 tables, 20 ref

017270   Nitu Singh;Singh N P (Chemistry Dep, T.D.P.G. College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of population density on pollution of dug-well water in Jaunpur (U.P.). Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(3), 333-8.

Dugwells had have been significant reservoirs of water specially, in rural areas. Such sources of water were most highly hit by agri-agro, industrial and domestic pollutions. Even today most of the Indian populations in the remote rural areas is employing water for washing, bathing, drinking, irrigation and other domestic purposes. The human and animal populations exert a two-fold action on pollutions of dugwell water. The activity of living beings if ill managed worsen the pollution of dugwells while its frequent used reduces the pollution level. Two types of dugwells have been put to water analysis. The data have been explained in the light of the two-fold demographic actions.

6 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

017269   Nirmal Kumar J I;Viyol S V (P.G. Dep of Environmental Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology for Advanced Studies and Research, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120) : Short term assessment of influence of hydrogeochemistry on methane mission from to contrasting tropical wetlands of central Gujarat, India. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 15-20.

Methane emission from two wetlands namely Khodiyar and Pariyej of Central Gujarat, India was measured during pre-summer season. Along with the methane emission, hydro and geo chemistry of these two contrasting wetlands (SO₄^2-, PO₄^-2 and organic carbon) were determined. The methane emission ranged from 1219.51 mg/m²/h to 7274.47 mg/m²/h, having greater emission at noon period (11 am to 1 pm) of the day in the Khodiyar wetland Besides the methane emission ranged between 80.84 mg/m²/h and 495 mg/m²/h, having higher emission at same time of the day at Pariyej wetland. The methane release was declined from first trip followed by second, third and fourth trips. The results of the current investigation confirm that methane emission vary substantially between the two study wetlands, and suggest that hydrochemistry and geochemistry might control methane emission in both the wetlands. Con-elation analysis revealed that the methane emission from both the sites has positive correlation with organic carbon of the sediment and negative correlations with phosphate and sulphate content of water and sediment.

5 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

017268   Nirmal Kumar J I;Soni H;Kumar R N;Bhatt I (NO, Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Bio, New Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 121) : Assessing heavy metal hyper-accumulation and mobility in selected vegetable crops : a case study of organic farm, Gujarat, India. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 203-10.

The heavy metals play an important role in the metabolic pathways during the growth and development of plants, when available in required concentration. The heavy metal concentration of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) was analysed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyser (1CPA) in 20 vegetable crop plants and their parts along with the soil, collected from Shivam organic farm, Valasan, Anand, Gujarat, India. The vegetables selected for the investigation were Abelmoschus esculentus, Allium sativa, A. cepa, Anethum graveolens, Brassica oleracea, B. oleracea. Capsicum annum, Coccinia indica, Coriandrum sativum, Cucumis sativus, Cyamopsis psoralioides, Lagenaria vulgaris, Luffa acutangula, Lycopersicon esculennun. Mentha piperata, Momordica charantia, Raphanus sativus. Solanum melongena, Spinacia oleracea and Trigonella foenum-graceum. The concentration of heavy metals of vegetable crop plants, grown in organic farm, falls within the prescribed limit except, Fe. The Accumulation Factor (AF) and Mobility Index (MI) were calculated for the assessment of accumulation and mobility of heavy metals from soil to various plant parts, i.e., roots, stems and leaves through different levels: Level 1 (soil-root). Level 2 (roots-stem) and Level 3 (stem-leaf) in the plants. The accumulation factor (AF) for Cd. Co and Pb metals was found greater in plant parts as compared to available levels in soil. On the other hand, the concentration of Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn was lower in plant parts than the soil. The mobility index (MI) of heavy metal in plant parts was found to be greater compared to available metal concentration in soil. The results showed concentration dependent variables of heavy metal levels among vegetable crop plants. The lower and higher concentration gradient along with their mobility gradient was also determined. A perusal of data reflects that accumulation gradient of each plant component vary according to nature, properties and podsol climate of a particular plant. The data on accumulation factor and mobility index of the heavy metals from soil to leaves suggest that all the metals are highly mobile in the soil.

3 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

017267   Muthupriya P;Vishnuram B G;Subramanian K (Civil Engineering Dep, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641 014) : Prevention of air pollution by using silica fume as cementitious material. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 267-70.

In recent years significant attention has been given to the use of pozzolan silica fume as a concrete property-enhancing material, as a partial replacement for portland cement, or both. The initial interest in the use of silica fume was mainly caused by the strict enforcement of air pollution control measures' in various countries to stop release of the material into the atmosphere. More recently, the availability of high range water-reducing admixtures (HRWRA) has opened up new possibilities for the use of silica fume as part of the cementing material in concrete to produce very high strength or very high levels of durability or both. In this study effective use of silica fume as cementitious material in making high performance concrete has been studied as a result of which the air pollution due to silica fume can be minimized. It is vital to minimize air pollution and to enjoy the pollution free environment because air is one of the important resources for the sustenance of life on terrestrial organisms.

4 tables, 6 ref

017266   Mohapatra A K;Mohapatra R (Zoology Dep, Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Ajmer-305 004) : Survey of school students' knowledge and attitude about the global warming. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 211-18.

An attempt to contribute to the growing body of knowledge about senior secondary students' conceptions and views concerning global warming. The results of the study shows significant differences in understanding level of boys and girls on various concepts of global warming. There is a degree of uncertainty in students' minds as to what exactly causes global warming and what they could and should do to check it, though students generally seemed well informed about carbon dioxide and CFCs as greenhouse gases, global warming makes the earth hotter and causes melting of polar ice and it can be reduced by planting more trees.

8 illus, 10 ref

017265   Modoodi M N;Belagali S L (Studies in Environmental Science Dep, Mysore Univ, Mysore-570 006) : Survey of pesticide residues in soils around Mysore city. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 21-6.

A survey was conducted to examine the pesticide residues in some soil samples collected from irrigated agricultural farmlands around Mysore city, Karnataka, India. These samples were analysed by gas chromatography consisting of electron capture detector (ECD) to analyse the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and flame photometric detector (FPD) for analysis of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). OCPs consist of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), endosulfan, DDT and its metabolite DDE which were detected in all the soil samples, and their total concentration range from > 64.27μg/g to 4504.18μg/g. Among all the pesticides, endosulfan had the highest concentration, followed by HCH with an order of endosulfan > HCH > DDE > DDT. The regional concentration of residues was as follows: east > west > south > north. DDT residues were absent in western part of the city and the concentration of other pesticides except endosulfan was quite low. DDT concentrations indicate no new input or very low new applications of this pesticide in these soils, while the high concentration of endosulfan may show new input of pesticides like dimethoate, malathion, parathion, monocrotophos, fenoprop etc. in these farmlands. No detectable organophosphorus pesticides were found in the soil samples. The main source of contamination was related to human activities, such as agricultural chemical applications.

3 illus, 4 tables, 35 ref

017264   Mishra D K;Srivastava A K (Chemistry Dep, M.L.K. College, Balrampur-271 201) : Groundwater quality of Tulsipur town at Indo-Nepal border. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 299-302.

Presents a case study on the influence of environmental parameters on groundwater quality in Tulsipur town. Groundwater samples were taken from hand pumps from three depths, i.e., 10-12 metre, 20-25 metre and 30-35 metre. The study revealed significant changes of water quality during three different depths. A device to remove pathogens has also been suggested.

6 tables, 2 ref

017263   Merugu R;Prasad M S K;Girisham S;Reddy S M (Biochemistry Dep, Kakatiya Univ, arangal-506 009) : Influence of some metals on growth of two anoxygenic phototrophic acteria. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 225-8.

The presence of photosynthetic bacteria along with the heterotrophic bacteria has been reported in various aquatic environments like Indian tropical waters, salt marshes, industrial effluents, seawater, sewage water and hot water springs'. Two anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria Rb. capxulatus and Rps. acidophila were isolated from leather industrial effluents and influence of some heavy metals on the growth of these two bacteria was studied. Iron and cadmium requirement for the growth of Rb. capsulatus and Rps. acidophila was very low, while selenium and cerium failed to influence the growth of both the bacteria under investigation. Rps. acidophila was highly sensitive to and was totally inhibited by mercuric chloride at a very low concentration, whereas Rb. capsulatus exhibited considerable resistance. Biological significance of above observations in the light of existing literature is discussed.

1 table, 15 ref

017262   Mehrdadi N;Nabi Bidhendi G R;Nasra Badi T; Hoveidi H;Amjadi M;Shojaee M A (Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Tehran Univ, Azin Avenue, Ghods Street, Enghelab Square, Tehran, Zip Code: 1417853111, Iran, Email: tnasrabadi@gmail.com) : Monitoring the arsenic concentration in groundwater resources, case study: Ghezel ozan water basin, Kurdistan, Iran. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 446-50.

Water resource contamination is one of the major challenges in the way of sustainable development. Arsenic is a dangerous contaminant with adverse effects on human health and is highly restricted by international environmental standards. An unofficial reports indicated the presence of compounds of arsenic in groundwater of rural areas in Ghorveh and Bijar counties of Kurdistan province. The reports noted contamination within the boundaries of the Ghezel ozan water basin in western Iran. These reports caused serious concerns for the residents of these areas. Accordingly, water sampling was done during the summer of 2004 from areas where arsenic contamination was suspected. Nine villages in Bijar and 13 villages in Ghorveh County were considered for water sampling. The arsenic concentration in all water samples was higher than the US EPA maximum contaminant level (50 ppb). Continual droughts in the area have caused local water tables to drop dramatically. Consequently, there has been an increased rate of oxidation in arsenic containing minerals causing arsenic ions (As³⁺ and As⁵⁺) to enter the liquid phase. By considering relatively high amount of annual precipitation in the region, particularly in cold season, a sophisticated method in gathering, maintenance and use of groundwater may be considered for at least a limited period of the year. Furthermore, controlled use of surface water rather than groundwater may lessen arsenic contamination risk.

2 illus, 19 ref

017261   Mane U V;Deshmukh A M (Microbiology Dep, Yashwantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara-415 001) : Physico-chemical and microbial characteristics of Krishna river water in Satara district. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 341-4.

Seventy two water samples were collected from six sampling sites over a period of 12 months from Krishna river in Satara district. Physico-chemical and microbial analysis of the water samples were carried out. The influence of physico-chemical characteristics on the microbial flora with special reference to actinomycetes was evaluated.

3 tables, 6 ref

017260   Loganayagi A;Damodarkumar S;Murugesan S (P.G. and Research Dep of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Environmental Biotechnology, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai-600 030) : Quality of drinking water in and around Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 133-8.

Water has pivotal role for the survivality of the making in the biosphere. For evolving policies to the best use of water resources, it is important to make an assessment of their magnitude, distribution and scope of utilization. It becomes necessary to have an idea of the present and future demands of water for various purposes. The study is aimed to establish the water quality of bore wells in and around some parts of Tiruvalluvar district.

3 tables, 10 ref

017259   Labhsetwar N;et al. (NO, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440 020, Email: nk_labhsetwar@neeri.res.in) : Ruthenium-exchanged US-Y zeolites for NO reduction by CO. Curr Sci 2008, 95(6), 778-82.

Ruthenium-exchanged H and Na forms of ultra stable-Y (US-Y) zeolite-based catalysts have been prepared by ion-exchange method. These catalysts have been characterized in detail, and evaluated for their catalytic activity towards NO-CO reaction. Highest catalytic activity was shown by 3 wt% Ru-Na-US-Y and almost 100% NO conversion was observed at 260°C under stoichiometric conditions. The activity appears to be a factor of ruthenium content, while Na also shows a promotional effect for this reaction, possibly through donation of electron. High hydrothermal stability of these catalysts and their compatibility with commonly used cordierite honeycomb supports make them potential candidates for various environmental applications.

4 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

017258   Kumara K S;Belagali S L (Studies in Environmental Science Dep, Mysore Univ, Mysore-570 006) : Preliminary study on selected parameters of Tumkur city sewage. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 319-25.

Sewage is domestic waste enriched with nutrients and plays vital role in water pollution. Tumkur city sewage studies were conducted during summer and monsoon (Feb. 2007 to Sept. 2007) for temperature, pH, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), free carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, BOD, COD, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, nitrate and phosphate from six sampling points namely residential area (S₁), business centre (S₂), slum (S₃), converging point (S₄), open drain (S₅) and treated (S₆). The results revealed that the EC, chloride, hardness, TDS, alkalinity and acidity were decreased, whereas pH and DO values increased in the treated sewage. The significance of closed, open drainage, converging and treated sewage chemistry results are discussed in light of the recent literature. The low cost treatment measures are suggested to reduce BOD and nutrient levels of the sewage.

15 illus, 15 tables, 13 ref

017257   Khatibi P S;Yamakanamardi S M;Indira M (Studies in Zoology Dep, Mysore Univ, Manasagangothri, Mysore-570 005) : NGOs and their role in involvement of women in conservation of lakes in Mysore city, Karnataka. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 287-98.

Mysore is the second biggest city in the State of Karnataka, India and has several lakes. Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are making efforts for the conservation of these lakes by encouraging participation of local women. However, the efforts are not at the desired level. This paper makes an attempt to understand the role of NGOs in conservation of lakes in Mysore and especially the role of women in these efforts. The paper addresses the following questions: 1. What is the role of NGOs in conservation of lakes in Mysore? 2. How women are involved in the conservation? 3. Whether the NGOs have sufficient expertise in addressing environmental issues related to conservation of lakes? It is a study based on the information collected from NGOs located in Mysore city. Preliminary findings indicate that majority of the NGOs need training in technical and environmental aspects related to the lakes environment and methodologies for the involvement of local women. concludes with suggestions to NGOs for successful involvement of women in conservation of lakes.

3 illus, 18 ref

017256   Jothivenkatachalam K;Suresh K (Chemistry Dep, CBM College, Kovaipudur, Coimbatore-641 042) : Status of the groundwater quality in Kuniamuthur and Madukkarai areas of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 283-6.

Deals with study of physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, manganese, ammonia, chloride, sulphate and fluoride of ground waters from seven sampling stations in Kuniamuthur and Madukkarai areas of Coimbatore. The analysed data were compared with standard values recommended by WHO, USPH, BIS and ICMR, and the variations were notable for the parameters like total hardness and electrical conductivity for few samples.

3 tables, 12 ref

017255   Jose L;Mathew S C;Menon S S (Botany Dep, St. Albert's College, Ernakulam, Kochi-682 018) : Organic pollution based on physico-chemical and phycological characteristics of some temple ponds of Ernakulam, Kerala, India. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 97-100.

The study is an attempt to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton distribution of some temple ponds of Ernakulam. Phytoplankton belonging to Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were studied. Fifty percent of the ponds showed Microcystis aeruginosa bloom. Among the ponds studied thirty percent of the ponds showed lack of organic pollution, forty percent moderate pollution, twenty percent probable high organic pollution, and ten percent confirmed high organic pollution. The physico-chemical analysis data supported the organic pollution level.

3 tables, 6 ref

017254   Jethoo A S (Civil Engineering Dep, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JLN Marg, Jaipur-302 017) : Environmental implications of dam building activities in India. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 177-80.

India has currently about 4291 large dams having a height above 10 metres. The construction of dams is Often associated with several implications associated with environment, which can be categorized broadly as due to existence of dams and due to pattern of dam operation. Besides, the dams also change climate and have great social and economic implications. The study highlights all such major problems associated with dams.

1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

017253   Jamshidi N;Torabian A;Azmi A;Ghadmkhani A (Environmental Engineering Dep, Environmental Faculty, Univ of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Email: njam@ut.ac.ir) : Degradation of phenol in aqueous solution by advanced oxidation process. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 673-81.

Advanced oxidation processes (UV, UV./H₂O₂, UV/H_{O2 Fe(II) and UV/H2O2/Fe(III)) were investigated in lab-scale experiments for degradation of phenol in aqueous solution. The study shows that the Photo-Fenton process, (a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous or ferric ion), was the most effective treatment process under acidic conditions and produced a higher rate of degradation of phenol at a very short radiation time. It accelerates the oxidation rate by 5-8 times the rate of the UV/H2O2 process. The reaction was influenced by pH, the input concentration of H2O2 and the amount of the iron catalyst and the type of iron salt. The experimental results show that the optimum conditions were obtained at a pH value of 3, with 6 mmol/L H2O2 and 0.5 mmol/L Fe(II) for the UV/ H2O2/Fe(II) system and 6 mmol/L H2O2 and, 0.4 mmol/L Fe(III) for the UV/H2O2 Fe(III) system. As for the UV processes, UV/H2O2/Fe(III) showed the highest degradation rate.}

7 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

017252   Jagbir Singh;Shashi Kant (Botany Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006) : Ecological rehabilitation of coal mined land of kalakote range, Rajouri (J&K), India. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 151-3.

Mining is a devastating operation, which is associated with problems of deforestation, waste disposal, water pollution, air pollution, seismological vibrations from blasting, soil subsidence, drop in underground water tables and soil erosion. Various technological measures should be used for reclamation of surface mined lands like contour terracing, contour trenching, mulching and normal soil placement. Biotic protection along with rehabilitation measures will reduce erosion and shall increase, the vegetal cover.

8 ref

017251   Hujare M S (Zoology Dep, S.M. Dr. Bapuji Salunkhe College, Miraj-416 410) : Seasonal variations of phytoplankton in the freshwater tank of Talsande, Maharashtra. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 253-6.

Studies on monthly variations of phytoplankton in a freshwater tank of Talsande, Maharashtra were carried out from May 1999 to April 2001. The phytoplankton in tank was represented by Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Dinophyceae. The values of percentage composition of each group of phytoplankton indicated that Cyanophyceae (35.77%) formed largest group followed by Bacillariophyceae (34%), Chlorophyceae (27.4%) and Euglenophyceae (2.24%). Maximum density of phytoplankton was reported during summer, and minimum during monsoon.

3 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

017250   Hujare M S (Zoology Dep, S.M. Dr. Bapuji Salunkhe College, Miraj-416 410) : Limnological studies of the perennial waterbody, Attigre tank, Kolhapur dist., Maharashtra. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 43-8.

Describes the physico-chemical profile of perennial tank of Attigre, Maharashtra, where limnological studies were conducted during May 1999 to April 2001. Variables analysed from surface water of the tank were temperature, transparency, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, hardness, chlorides, nitrates and phosphate. The seasonal variations of these factors were studied and interrelationships existing between them are discussed. The pH of water was alkaline. Transparency, EC, hardness and alkalinity were tend to increase during summer and decrease in winter. Dissolved oxygen was maximum during winter and minimum during summer. Dissolved oxygen showed inverse relationship with temperature and EC. Nitrate and phosphate were higher in monsoon and postmonsoon, fluctuated directly with dissolved oxygen.

10 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

017249   Dwivedi A K;Rahul Singh;Shashi (Pollution and Environmental Assay Research Lab (PEARL), Botany Dep, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur) : Groundwater pollution: causes and impact. Indian Sci Cruiser 2008, 22(4), 29-33.

Groundwater is one of the most precious gifts to mankind, it is also the important sources of drinking water, but the quality of ground water is being badly affected by sewage, agricultural runoff, chlorinated solvents and bio pollutants and also by several anthropogenic activities. Fluoride, arsenic, lead and some heavy metals also promote the pollution level of groundwater naturally. In urban or sub-urban areas the process of land filling by solid wastes has also promoted the level of groundwater pollution. Lakes and rivers, which are prominent source of groundwater recharging, may also affect, the ground water adversely if they are being enriched by industrial effluents, as it is a common practice now-a-days.

1 illus, 17 ref

017248   Dhere A M;Pawar C B;Pardeshi P B;Patil D A (Environmental Science Dep, Indira College of Commerce and Science, Pune-411 033, Email: prof.amardhere@gmail.com) : Municipal solid waste disposal in Pune city - an analysis of air and groundwater pollution. Curr Sci 2008, 95(6), 773-7.

The urban centres of India produce 120,000 t of solid I waste per day. The unscientific disposal of solid waste creates many environmental and pollution problems. The 1000-1200 t of solid waste in Pune municipal area is disposed at Urali-Devachi village. Communication reveals the problems of air and groundwater pollution caused due to unscientific disposal of solid waste observed at Urali-Devachi village. The average annual emission of SPM found at the disposal site is 1708.3 μg/m³. The average annual emission of SO₂ in landfill site is 285.33 μg/m³ and NO_x is 234.07 p.g/m³. The SPM, SO₂ and NO_x concentrations are more than those stipulated by the Indian standard limit. The leachate samples are acidic and corrosive in nature. The COD and BOD of tested well-water samples III and IV are 834, 703 mg/1 and 716, 412.16 mg/l respectively. The concentration of sodium in well-water samples III and IV is 2437 and 2612 mg/1 respectively. The COD, BOD and sodium concentration in well water are higher than the limits of IS: 2291. Rag-pickers, workers, vehicle drivers, and those residing in the nearby areas are continuously exposed to air pollution. It has been found that leachates originate from solid waste landfill-contaminated groundwater. Well water found in Urali-Devachi village is not safe for drinking, outdoor bathing, propagation of aquatic life, industrial cooling and for irrigation. If this municipal solid waste landfill continues, it may create a toxic bomb in future. Conversion technology entailing conversion of solid waste to energy is proving helpful for decomposing solid waste without affecting the environment. Also, the community-based solid waste decomposition is an ideal and a safe disposal method, biological decomposition of segregated organic waste is more beneficial for solid waste management, as it easily converts waste to valuable fertilizer.

1 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref

017247   Dhanalakshmi B;Lekeshmanswamy M;Varunprasad K (Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029) : Seasonal variations of the Sulur pond at Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 147-50.

Studies on the physico-chemical characteristics of the Sulur pond were carried out for a period of one year from October 2001 to September 2002). The study was performed to determine the pollution status of the pond and to implement the measures for pollution control. The parameters analysed include the physical parameters such as temperature, total solids, light penetration and electrical conductivity. The chemical parameters evaluated were pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbonates, bicarbonates. chloride, organic carbon, BOD, and ions such as calcium, magnesium, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, iron, sulphate, sodium, lithium and potassium.

4 ables, 12 ref

017246   Damodhar Kumar S;Loganayagi A;Murugesan S (P.G. and Research Dep of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Environmental Biotechnology, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai-600 030) : Hydrochemical evaluation of the groundwater quality in Chennai city. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 235-41.

The study deals with physico-chemical analysis of groundwater of Chennai city. The analysis of groundwater was carried out to examine its suitability for drinking purposes. The data generated were compared with reference to BIS and WHO standards. It was found that some of the physico-chemical parameters were within the maximum permissible limits of drinking water standards. The study also reveals that the groundwater of the area is very hard, which was determined by carbonate and bicarbonates ions with calcium and magnesium.

2 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

017245   Dagdelen N;Yesilirmak E;Akcay S M;Sezgin F (Agricultural Structures and Irrigation Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey, Email: ndagdelen@adu.edu.tr) : Determination of water quality parameters of Buyuk Menderes river, Turkey. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 287-98.

Seasonal averages of some chemical constituents at upper and lower six monitoring stations in Buytik Menderes river were investigated. These water quality parameters are electical conductivity (EC), sodium, chloride, chemical oxygen demand (COD), boron and sodium absorption rate (SAR). Laboratoary analyses for water samples were conducted at State Hydraulic Works of Turkey DSI's Quality Control and Laboratory Department in Aydin. In the result of the research, there have been differencies for chemical contents between sampling stations. However seasonal changes have also been worth taking into consideration. While pollution has been arising more and more in upstream (Saraykoy and Cubukdag bridges), there have been clear increases especially electrical conductivity boron, sodium chloride, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sodium absorption rate (SAR). Especially, increasing level in COD and boron values at upstream stations suggest that water qulity of Buyuk Menderes river has been deteriorated in terms of organic and geothermal pollution from industries and residential areas. Results of the not only provide the information to the public with the recent change in water quality of Buyuk Menderes river quantitatively but also help in establishing future management strategies.

6 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

017244   Chaturvedi G B;Mishra B B;Tiwari D D (Botany Dep, Environmental Biology Lab, M.L.K.(P.G.) College, ) : Water quality index of groundwaters near industrial areas of Balrampur, U.P.. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 331-5.

Deals with groundwater quality in nearby industrial areas of Balrampur city. The area has one of the largest sugar factories of India, i.e., B.C.M. Ltd. including one distillery unit and one power plant. Beside this, approximately 72 small and large scale industries are also present here. The groundwater samples were collected from three different sites having different depths. The physico-chemical parameters like pH, TDS, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, nitrate and chloride were analysed and compared based on water quality index (WQI). This determines the water quality for various purposes like irrigation and potable purpose. The result indicates poor status of water. Comparative study of the three different sites indicates that the groundwater nearly industrial areas of Balrampur city is not suitable for human and cattle cunsumption.

6 tables, 6 ref

017243   Charumathi D;Vimala R;Das N (School of Biotechnology, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, VIT Univ, Vellore-632 014) : Langmuir and freundlich isotherms for describing lead (II) adsorption on pretreated macrofungus (Agaricus bisporus). Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 307-10.

A study in batch system was conducted using the macrofungus, Agaricus bixporus as biosorbent for evaluating its potentiality to adsorb lead (II) ions from aqueous solution. To improve the bioadsorption capacity, the biosorbent was pretreated with NaOH, Na₂ CO₃ and NaHCO₃. Pretreatment with NaOH resulted in a significant improvement in bioadsorption capacity. The experimental equilibrium data were adjusted by adsorption isotherms from Langmuir and Preundlich models and their equilibrium parameters were determined. For the untreated biosobent, the Langmuir model supplied q_max = 28.8 mg/g and b = 0.02 L/mg and for the Freundlich model parameters are K_f = 1.7 and n =1.8. For the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated biomass, the parameters were q_max = 34.6 mg/g, b= 0.08 L/mg, K,. = 5.3 and n = 2.3. The best adjusted model to the experimental equilibrium data for both untreated and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated biosorbent was the Langmuir model.

2 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

017242   Bindiya C;Hanjagi A D;Nandini N;Jumbe A S (Geography and Geoinformatics Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore-560 056) : Environmental degradation of Mallathalli lake in Bangalore district, India. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 189-96.

An attempt was made to carry out baseline in-situ analysis of Malathalli lake. The lake falls within the Vrishabhavathi lake valley and Byramangala lake series. The catchment area of the lake is about 625ha. It is located on the western fringe of Bangalore city. Assessment of physico-chemical parameters was carried out mainly for pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates, sodium, potassium, fluorides and chlorides. Malathalli is a contaminated lake with indicators of organic pollution showing highly variable sources of inputs. Dissolved oxygen is within lower limits at 3.25mg/L supporting the field observation on the dwindling fish catch in the lake. Moreover, the fish diversity is also disappearing leaving only those exotic species capable of tolerating lower DO levels. The average BOD is 6.0 mg/L. The pH is also above permissible limit at 8.9 showing alkaline nature of the lake. The total dissolved solids (TDS) were above permissible levels at 508 mg/L. For total hardness, the average was at 215.5 mg/L. Average calcium hardness was 86.6 mg/L as CaCO₃ Inorganic ions such as sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) have varied concentrations during the months. The maximum sodium (Na⁺) concentration was in the month of June with 400 mg/L while the lowest was in January at 95.8 mg/L. Magnesium hardness was above permissible limit at 128.8 mg/L as CaCO₃. This shows a trend in ionic imbalances through the months in the lake caused by artificial contamination. This can also be correlated with excessive presence of Mg⁺ ions at an average 31.4 mg/L. Chlorides were also above permissible level at 262 mg/L. Occurrence of hydroxide ions in natural water is very rare, but in January, hydroxide alkalinity of 3.3 mg/L as CaCO, was found. Sulphates (SO₄^2-) were with overall average range of 40.3 mg/L. For phosphates (PO₄^3-), the average was at 4.4 mg/L. Nitrates also were within tolerable limits of ICMR and BIS. The average nitrates concentration was at 10.9 mg/L as nitrates. However, the chloride-bicarbonate ratio of 2.2 confirms the seriousness of the status of pollution in the lake.

4 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

017241   Bhilave M P;Muley D V;Deshpande V Y (Zoology Dep, Sharadchandra Pawar Mahavidyalaya, Lonand, Maharashtra) : Biochemical changes in the fish Cirrhinus mrigala after aute and chronic exposure of heavy metals. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 65-71.

The effect of cadmium and lead on glycogen, protein and lipid contents of gill, liver and muscle of Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala have been studied. The fish were exposed to predetermined LC₀ (0.98 and 19.352ppm) and LC₅₀ (0.132 and 21.849ppm) concentrations of cadmium chloride and lead acetate, receptively for 96 hours. For chronic exposure 1/10th and 1/20th concentrations of LC₅₀ values have been used for 30 days. Both the heavy metals showed decrease in glycogen, protein and lipid content in all the tissues. The significant alterations showed toxic effects of heavy metals at biochemical levels.

6 tables, 24 ref

017240   Bapu Rao M;Bikshapati T;Srinivas Reddy A; Venkanna I;Estari M (Zoology Dep, UASC, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009) : Limnological studies of kuntala stream at Adilabad district, Andhra Pradesh. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2008, 27(2), 109-14.

Limnological studies were carried out during monsoon months in Kuntala stream of Adilabad District, Andhra Pradesh, which is a main source for irrigation and human uses. Values of water temperature oscillated within narrow range 27° to 29° and velocity from 0.29 to 0.50m/sec. pH values were always alkaline and ranged between 7 and 8.5. Dissolved oxygen content was between 4.17 and 7.50 mg/l and 2.92 to 17.54 mg/l respectively. Primary productivity varied from 4.20 to 10.80 mgC/m³/day, net primary productivity between 0.48 and 2.76 mgC/m³/day and community respiratory from 3.72 to 8.04 mgC/m³/day. Entry of domestic sewage and waste from coir-retting might have led to low primary productivity in this stream. The values of physico-chemical parameters were below the permissible limit of drinking water standards (WHO) except dissolved oxygen content of the stream.

2 tables, 14 ref

017239   Arul Nangai M (Biochemistry Dep, Dr. G. R. Damodaran College of Science, Avinashi Road, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore-641 014) : Comparative study of effect of the unused petrol and used (oil mixed) petrol on soil macronutrients, CN ration of soil and certain antioxidant levels of two leguminous plants. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 315-18.

Study deals with the soil macronutrients and certain plant antioxidants, which can be used to assess the soil pollution in petrol mixed soil and garage soil. The study shows that unused petrol is responsible for greater plant stress in the two legumes studied compared to the used (oil mixed) petrol of garage soil.

4 tables, 19 ref

017238   Anand R;Kulothungan S;Dearsana R; Bhuvaneswari K (Post Graduate and Research Dep of Microbiology, Dr.N.G.P. College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Occurrence and distribution of Clostridium perferingens in relation to conventional faecal indicator bacterial in shrimp farm. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 3(2), 361-3.

Biomonitors indicate the microbiological quality of water. Though E. coli is a microbiological indicator, it cannot be considered as a perfect one. In this regard, attempts for finding a new indicator of faecal pollution in place of E. coli was carried out by performing a comparative study between E. coli and Clostridium perfringens as faecal indicator in shrimp farms. The presence of these organisms was determined by evaluating the brackish water and shrimp samples from various areas of Cochin, using MPN technique. The effect of disinfectant chlorine was examined over these organisms which revealed the sensitive nature of E. coli. Clostridium perfringens was found to be highly resistant in comparison with E. coli and thus suggestingit as a better indicator of faecal contamination in brackish water to evaluate the microbial quality of shrimp farms than E. coli.

3 tables, 8 ref

017237   Ahirrao S D (Fisheries Research Laboratory, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Effect a common water purifier potash alum on drinking water quality and human health. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 79-81.

Potash alum is double salt commonly known as common alum. This is generally used for purification of drinking water. During rainy season the water resources become turbid and contaminated. To purify this water potash alum is used without knowing much about concentration of its use. The analysis of drinking water quality is made with respect to DO, Free CO₂, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, carbonate, bicarbonate, chlorides, salinity, pH, EC before and after the treatment of water with potash alum (800mg/L). Due to this many parameters have been changed and are discussed in the light of guidelines described by WHO.

1 table, 8 ref

016127   Ziauddin A;Bahel R S;Siddiqui N A (NO, , Door Number: 1-91-6, MIG 63, Sector 5, MVP Colony, Visakhapatnam-530 017, Email: akbar_ziauddin@yahoo.com) : Noise pollution levels in the city of Dehradun. Ecol Envir Conserv 2007, 13(4), 891-3.

Modern life has given rise to a new form of pollution, called noise pollution. Crowded cities and towns, mechanized means of transport, new device of recreation and entertainment are polluting the atmosphere with their continuous noise. Noise pollution affects the million of people in all parts of the world especially those are living in the industrialized cities with heavy motor traffic. Dehradun city is one of the fastest growing cities in the Asia. So an attempt has been made in city of Dehradun, to predict the ambient Noise Level (L_e) at selected locations with mixed mode traffic density using modeling techniques, and compared the result with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) standards, and made some recommendations to over come the Noise pollution in such growing urban areas.

2 tables, 10 ref

016126   Velmurugan A;Dadhwal V K;Abrol Y P (NO, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun-248 001, Email: vels@iirs.gov.in) : Regional nitrogen cycle: an Indian perspective. Curr Sci 2008, 94(11), 1455-68.

During the past century through food and energy production, human activities have altered the world's nitrogen cycle by accelerating the rate of reactive nitrogen creation. India has made impressive strides in the agricultural front, in which N fertilizer plays a major role. There has been a marked change in the supply and use of land, water, fertilizers, seeds and livestock, but the N use efficiency remained at a low level. Exploring the nature of these changes and quantification of the impacts on the N cycle has become essential. Hence we have presented data on various N pools and fluxes based on a conceptual N model. In India, efforts should focus on understanding the fate and consequences of the applied N and to increase the efficiency of N use.

6 illus, 9 tables, 77 ref

016125   Varandani N S;Dave R (Environmntal Engineering Dep, L.D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad-380 015, Email: envhod@hotmail.com) : Performance evaluation of modified anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (M-AMBR) at varying temperatures under ambient conditions. J envir Sci Engng 2008, 51(1), 39-44.

Study has been carried out on pilot scale modified anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (M-AMBR) to evaluate the performance under varying ambient temperatures and different mixing intervals. At steady state, with intermittent mechanical mixing, COD removal of 80% at 4-h HRT and 6.5kgCOD/m³.d. OLR could be achieved with synthetic wastewater containing glucose. The COD removal efficiency of 80% and 70% was achieved at a 4-h and 7-h HRT at the ambient temperatures of 30±1°C and 20±1°C respectively. The% COD removal increased from 58 to 82 at 4-h HRT when ambient temperature gradually increased from 20± 1 to 28± 1 °C showing the effect of temperature on performance. COD removal of 80% was observed at HRT 8-h without mixing at 30±1°C indicating that mechanical mixing can be obviated by increasing HRT. However, intermittent mixing is required to maintain the reactor stability in terms of VFA/TA. Under the hydraulic stress% COD removal decreased from 68 to 58 when HLR was double.

8 illus, 5 tables, 5 ref

016124   Usha Madhuri T;Narasimham M L (Civil Engineering Dep, Andhra Univ College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam) : Assessment of ground water pollution vulnerability index for the city of Visakhapatnam (A.P) through application of "DRASTIC" model. J envir Sci Engng 2008, 51(1), 59-66.

The areas with high degree (DRASTIC index >185) belong to mostly industrial zone apart from one commercial area (Jagadamba area) and one residential colony (Lawson's bay colony) while studies were restricted to extraction of ground water for consumption in industrial areas, the present study indicates that care is needed in utilizing the ground water in these two localities. It is also inferred that some residential areas (Shivajipalem, HB Colony, Marripalem, KRM colony and Shanti nagar) including a couple of slum areas like Poorna market area, Old Lakshmi area contains aquifers with high degree of hydrogeologic vulnerability. Commercial areas covered in and around RTC complex and the industrial areas located in Sriharipuram and Sheelanagar are also characterised by aquifers of very high degree of hydrogeological vulnerability. Most of the sectors of MVP Colony and other residential areas in the study area have a high degree of vulnerability in the range 120≤DRASTIC< 160. It is also seen that the areas of Nakkavanipalem and Seethammadhara both of which belong to residential zones have a medium degree of vulnerability 80 < DRASTIC < 120.

15 tables, 8 ref

016123   Urmila Devi;Ramesh Thatikunta B;Prabhu Prasadii P;Ajaz Ali Khan M D (Environmental Science & Technology Dep, College of Agriculture, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Hyderabad-500 030, Email: thatikunta_r@rediffmail.com) : Heavy metal content in water, soil and paragrass grown in musi river bed, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. Ecol Envir Conserv 2007, 13(4), 857-9.

Musi river water is being used for irrigation of vegetables & grasses in and around Hyderabad. Nowadays it is polluted with heavy load of industrial pollutants and sewage which contains heavy metals.The entry of heavy metals into food chain causes concern. Water and soil in upstream locations, and paragrass samples at all locations contained Pb in more than the permissible limits. Ni content was high in water samples at 2 locations, (0.34-0.43 mg/L) in soils at eight locations (0.86-6.82 mg/L) and in paragrass samples (2.4 -45.6 mg/L). Cd content in water (0.01-0.03 mg/L) and paragrass (3.47-4.70 mg/L) in all locations and in soils at two locations (0.66-3.11 mg/L) was beyond permissible limit. No Chromium was recorded in water samples, whereas the content was high in soils at 7 locations (0.55-1.06 mg/L) and in paragrass (1.55-39.40 mg/L) at all locations.Water being the primary carrier it is recommended to treat water before its used for irrigation purposes.

1 table, 13 ref

016122   Unnisa S A;Srivani B (NO, , No.22-61019/2, Hussaini Manzil, Irani Galli, Hyderabad-500 002) : Impact of municipal solid waste landfills on groundwater. Ecol Envir Conserv 2007, 13(4), 831-4.

Hyderabad is a major Indian city with a population of more than six million and the extent of solid waste generated from the city is estimated to be 2000 to 2500 tonnes per day. The solid wastes generated in Hyderabad metropolitan areas are majorly disposed of as landfill in low-lying areas.There has been a serious concern about the contamination of groundwater when the wastes are, thus, disposed. For the study two landfill sites Autonagar and Golkonda were selected. The impact of municipal solid waste disposal on groundwater characteristics was investigated by obtaining groundwater samples from these sites. The groundwater samples from autonagar and golkonda landfills sites are polluted and are unfit for human consumption and domestic use but could be used for irrigation purpose. Overall analysis indicates increasing risk for sustainability of groundwater resources.

4 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

016121   Trivedi R;Chakraborty M K;Suresh Kumar (NO, Central Mining Research Institute, Dhanbad) : Dust generation and its dispersion due to mining activities in Durgapur open cast coal project of W.C.L.. Indian Min Engng J 2008, 47(2), 24-31.

The increasing trend of opencast mining leads tVTe'tease of a huge amount of air borne dust. These air borne dust particles, generally below 100 micron in size, are environmentally nuisance and cause health hazards as an ill effect of mining activities. Therefore, dust generation and its dispersion has been found to be a major concern in opencast mining. This paper examines the different sources of dust generation due to coal mining activities and focuses on the quantification of dust emission and it's dispersion for the Durgapur Opencast Coal Project (O.C.P.) of Western Coalfields Limited (W.C.L). The dust dispersion in horizontal as well as in vertical direction along the downwind direction has been estimated by the procedure suggested by Pasquill and Gifford keeping in view the Pasquill stability class of prevalent meteorological conditions. The dust emission rates have been estimated for different point, area and line sources considering the background dust concentration. The ambient air quality data have been generated for selected stations and air quality modeling has been attempted using Fugitive Dust Model (FDM) developed by United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA). With the help of FDM, dust concentration has been predicted at the source as well as at selected receptors at different distances along the down wind direction. The air quality modeling using FDM reveals that the dust generated due to mining activities does not contribute to ambient air quality significantly Jn surrounding areas beyond 500 meters in normal meteorological conditions.

5 illus, 8 tables, 11 ref