020281   Bhalla R;Lomte V S;Mule M B (Zoology Dep, L.V.H. Mahavidyalaya, Nashik-422 003) : Variations in the water quality of Godavari river at Nashik (Maharashtra). Bull envir Sci 2006, 24(2), 151-6.

The Godavari river originates at Trimbakeshwar passess through the Nashik city in Maharashtra State. The Godavari river water was analysed to study the changes of water quality at three different stations during Nov. 2001 to Oct. 2003. Domestic waste, solid waste, agricultural runoff from nearby areas are entering into the river through different drains. The physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand, (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were studied. The temperature of the river varied from 17.80°C to 32.00°C. pH was slightly alkaline. The value of Dissolved Oxygen(DO) was found low whereas BOD and COD values were found to be higher.

11 illus, 5 ref

020280   Barbu C;Popescu A;Selisteanu D;Preda A (NO, Spiru Haret Univ, Brazda Lui Street No. 4, Craiova, Dolj, Romania, Email: cristina_barbu2000@yahoo.co.uk) : Determination of toxic heavy metals present in Jiu river water using ICP-MS. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(3), 2037-46.

Heavy metals are natural components of the Earth's crust. They cannot be degraded or destroyed. As trace elements, some heavy metals (copper, zinc, selenium), are essential to maintain the metabolism of the human body. However, at higher concentrations they can lead to poisoning. Heavy metals poisoning could result from drinking-water contamination (for instance, lead pipes), high ambient air concentrations near emission sources, or intake via the food chain. Presents a study of some of the toxic heavy metals distribution on the Jiu river course, an important river in Romania. The most pollutants heavy metals from Jiu river course are lead, mercury and arsenic. The concentration of metals was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

5 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

020279   Asrari E;Madadi M;Masoudi M (NO, Islamic Azad Univ, Branch of Firooz Abad, Iran) : Water quality in Kor river, west southern of Iran. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 501-4.

Water is only naturally pure occurring inorganic fluid in the universe but most of the surface water sources are no more inorganic, since the generated wastewaters polluting the freshwater sources and rendering them unfit for various purpose. Though, the problem of water pollution is worldwide, it is surprising that it draws the attention of scientists only when it becomes hazardous for human health. With this view, an attempt was made to evaluate the quality of water in Kor river in Fars province, Iran. Water samples from different locations in the course of Kor river were collected to check the suitability of water for human use. The parameters like, Cl~, alkalinity, TSS, TDS, pH, EC and temperature were measured. The amount of them was compared with standard threshold. Some stations showed that water was just suitable for agriculture for some products like wheat and barley. The self purification model of river is shown for EC and alkalinity of water.

3 illus, 2 ref

019327   Yvenkata Chandrudu M;Venkata Reddy M; Radhakrishnaiah K (Zoology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur-515 003, Email: kamathamrk@yahoo.com) : Effect of acute concentration of cadmium on the energetics of the freshwater mussel. Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck) and freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 129-35.

Levels of pyruvate and lactate and the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were estimated in the organs of freshwater mussel L. marginalis and fish L. rohita at days 1, 2 and 3 on exposure to the acute (7.0 mg l^-1) concentration of cadmium. A decrease was observed in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in pyruvate level; with an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and lactate level in ctenidium, mantle, hepatopancreas and foot of the mussel and in the gill, kidney, liver and muscle of the fish at all the days of exposure. Among the exposure periods, either the percent suppression or elevation differed in degree between the three periods of exposure and it was in the order: 1 < 2 > 3 days in the organs of mussel, whereas in fish it increased overtime of exposure in the order: 1 < 2 < 3 days. Among the two groups of animals either the percent suppression or elevation partially recovered at day 3 in all the organs of mussel, whereas it was progressive over time of exposure in the organs of fish. These results indicated an adaptive ability of mussels at day 3 exposure to acute concentration of cadmium by a slow recovery in the levels of its energetics, whereas the fish exhibited susceptibility to cadmium due to the suppression of oxidative metabolism and increased dependency on anaerobic glycolysis.

4 tables, 21 ref

019326   Venkata Reddy M;Haranadha Reddy M; Radhakrishnaiah K (Zoology Dep, Sri Krishnadevara University, Anantapur-515 003, Email: kamathamrk@yahoo.com) : Accumulation of nickel in the organs of small and large snail. Pila globosa (swainson), on exposure to lethal and sublethal concentrations of nickel. J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 123-8.

Amount of accumulation of nickel and its rate progressively increased in hepatopancreas, mantle and foot of the large and small snails over the time of exposure, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours, to the lethal concentration (30 mg/l), with the order: 12<24<36<48 hours. The amount of accumulation of nickel also increased after 5, 10, 20 and 30 days of exposure to sublethal concentration (3 mg/l) in all the three organs of both the size groups of snails with the order: 5<10<20<30 days. But, the rate of accumulation of metal in all the organs of small snails progressively decreased from day 5 to day 30, i.e., in the order: 5>10>20>30 days; whereas in the organs of large animals the rate of accumulation increased from day 5 to day 10 and then decreased at day 20 and 30. 1n lethal and sublethal concentrations of nickel the degree of accumulation among the three organs of small and large size snails differed and it was in the order: hepatopancreas > mantle> foot. In between the large and small size snails, at any day of exposure though the amount of accumulation was more in the organs of large animals than in those of small ones, the rate of accumulation was more in small snails than those of large ones on exposure to lethal concentration. In sublethal concentration, both the amount of accumulation and the rate was more in the organs of large snails than in those of small ones; the rate gradually decreased over time of exposure in small ones from day 5 to 30, whereas it increased initially at day 5 and 10 then decreased at day 20 and 30 in the organs of large snails. Thus the results indicate that accumulation of nickel in snails is dependent both on the concentration of metal and size of the snais.

28 ref

019325   Venkata Ramudu M;Nagabhushan Reddy M; Chennaiah K;Indira P (Zoology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur-515 003) : Protein changes in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (bloch) during sublethal toxicity of deltamethrin in relation to sex. J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 136-44.

In both developed and developing countries, poor quality of water due to pollution is a burning problem today. The cosmopolitan use of pesticides for agricultural and public health operations for the past few decades has substantially contributed for the control of vector borne diseases besides augmenting man's food supply. In the study, Channa punctatus used as an animal model to determine the sublethal toxicity of Deltamethrin. Males weighing 10±2g and females weighing 12±2g were divided into groups of ten each and were exposed to different concentrations of Deltamethrin ranging from 0.02 ppm to 0.2 ppm. Five exposure periods i.e. 24 h, 7, 15, 20 and 30 days were selected to determine the soluble proteins, structural proteins and total proteins of both the sexes of fish to the imposed toxic stress at these periods of exposure. The animals were starved for 24 hours period prior to each estimation so as to eliminate the possibility of differential feeding, if any influencing the estimations. The levels of soluble, structural and total proteins declined at 24 h exposure relative to control in all the organs and their levels continued up to 15 day exposure. From 15^th day onwards their levels progressively elevated and came nearer to control at 30 day exposure period. The decline in soluble, structural and total proteins in the organs of both males and females fish were more at 15 day, intermediate at 7 day and less at 24 h and contents were more in males than in females.

3 tables, 53 ref

019324   Venkata Chandrudu M;Radhakrishnaiah K (Zoology Dep, Sri Krishnadevarya University, Anantapur-515 003, Email: kamathamrk@yahoo.com) : Histological variations in gill and kidney of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton) on exposure to cadmium. J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 145-51.

Histopathological studies would help in evaluating the extent of damage caused to the tissues under stress. Hence, in the study an attempt is made to observe the structural changes in the gill and kidney of the fish exposed to acute (7.0mg/l) and subacute (0.7mg/l) concentrations of cadmium. The changes are observed at day 1 and day 3 in acute concentration and day 10 and 30 in subacute concentration, one at short- term and other at long-term. Lamellar disintegration and degeneration of gill tissue were observed at day 1, but drastic necrosis and eventual fibrosis of gill were observed at day 3. Proximal and distal tubular cell degeneration with the disintegration of their cytoplasm at day 1 and nuclear degeneration and cell necrosis at day 3 were seen in kidney. In subacute concentration mild degenerative changes like nuclear proliferation at some places on the secondary gill lamellae and structural disorganization, cytoplasmic vacuolization and tubular necrosis in kidney of fish were seen at day 10, and those changes intensified in degree with a loss of tissue integration in both gill and kidney at day 30. The results indicated that even the subacute concentration of cadmium could cause structural disorganization on prolonged exposure.

34 ref

019323   Turhan K;Uzman S (Chemistry Dep, Yildiz Technical Univ, 34220 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: turhankadir@yahoo.com) : Oxidation of aniline using different reaction pathways. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1295-1302.

The goal of study is to cleavage of aromatic ring of aniline to minimize its hazardous environmental effects. Therefore a method has been developed to remove aniline using potassium dichromate as an oxidizing agent. In the beginning of the study, chemical oxygen demand (COD) experiment was chosen as a test method to oxidize aniline. Titration part of COD experiment was replaced by UV measurement. Cerium(IV) sulfate was also used as an alternative oxidizing agent in COD experiment. As a follow-up work, experimental conditions as reported in the literature for aniline oxidation to p-benzoquinone were modified. Oxidation agents mentioned above lack the strength to oxidize aniline until ring opening. Therefore, ozone was used as an oxidizing agent to break down the aromatic ring of aniline in the second part of the study. In the reaction with ozone, performed at pH 9, it was observed that CO₂ and H_{2O formed through nitrobenzene, azobenzene, azoxybenzene and 2-pyridine carboxylic acid depending on ozone concentration, reaction time and bubble size of ozone. As a conclusion, ozone was excellent oxidant among the investigated three oxidant (K2Cr2O7, Ce(SO4)2 and ozone) to cleavage of aniline ring to non-hazardous compounds.}

4 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

019322   Tiwari R C (Physics Dep, Mizoram University, Tanhril: Aizawl, (Mizoram)-796 009, Email: tiwari_rcmzu@rediffmail.com) : Assessment of water pollution on the basis of its dielectric constant measurement using laser. Bull envir Sci 2007, 25(1), 93-6.

In the recent years, the studies on the quality of drinking water has drawn a lot of attention due to rising cases of water pollution related incidents such as water borne diseases and "potential threat to aquatic life due to increased pollution in our river waters. Many substances are altered readily to the extent that they lose their original structure entity, but the metabolites so formed are either non or slowly degradable. In the investigation, the quality of drinking water obtained from different sources namely tap water, river water and spring water has been assessed for five samples at room temperature of 25C. It is found that the amount of pollution is maximum in the spring water, while the river water has been found to be less polluted than spring water and the quality of tap water is even better than river water.

1 table, 10 ref

019321   Tangri A;Shukla A;Roomi Y A (Chemistry Dep, Brahmanand College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Hydrography of river pandu at Kanpur. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 227-30.

Each organism that lives in water extracts some energy and material from it. Life is possible only wihtin a narrow range of conditions which water maintains in an aquatic environment. Conditions of life in any water body can be determined only by studying the hydrography of that water formation. The study, physical (temperature, transparency, colour and pH) and chemical (dissolved oxygen (DO) carbon dioxide and alkalinity) characters have been described at a few sampling points of the Pandu river.

1 table, 14 ref

019320   Talebi S M;Semnani A (Chemistry Dep, Isfahan university, Isfahan, Iran) : Heavy metals distribution in zayandeh-rud river water and sediments. Bull envir Sci 2006, 24(1), 43-7.

The concentrations of heavy metals in the water and sediments of river Zayandeh Rud were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Samples were collected from 12 sampling sites along the river and in Isfahan province. The results obtained from this investigation showed that the concentrations of heavy metals were continuously increased while the river passes through Isfahan city towards Gavkhooni wetland. There are some critical points along the river that the concentrations of heavy metals were increased in both river water and sediments. The tendency of the different elements to be accumulated with the river sediments was investigated and found that the accumulation rate is Mn > Pb > Ni > Hg.

3 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

019319   Sunitha N;Nandini N (Environmental Science Dep, , Jnanabharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560 056, Email: nandini.sai@rediffmail.com) : Impact assessment of granite quarrying dust deposition on quality of mulbery leaf and silkworm rearing - a case study in Kallugopanahalli Village of Remanagaram Taluk, Bangalore district. Bull envir Sci 2007, 25(3), 171-4.

Silkworm rearing goes side by side along with the quarry activities in the standy area. The silk work Bombyx Mori L. depends largely on the quality of Mulbery leaf and environmental condition to which the plant is exposed. An attempt was made to study the impact of growth dust deposition in the mulbery leaves which are used as feed inthe silkworm rearing. The study aimed to carryout the biochemical analysis of the mulbery leaves & coco pod charateristics of the silkworm increased in the experiment. the results revealed that the dust ingested by the silkworm was responsible for the poor yield.

2 tables, 8 ref

019318   Stathopoulous E;Mihalakakou G;Santamouris M; Bagiorgas H S (Environmental and Natural Resources Management Dep, Ioannina University, 2 G. Sepheri Ste., 30100 Agrinio, Greece, Email: chbagior@cc.uoi.gr) : Impact of temperature on tropospheric ozone concentration levels in urban environments. J Earth Syst Sci 2008, 117(3), 227-36.

The influence of temperature on tropospheric ozone (O₃) concentrations in urban and photochemically polluted areas In the greater Athens region are investigated in the study. Hourly values of the ambient air temperature used for studying the urban heat island effect in Athens were recorded at twenty-three experimental stations while ozone concentration values were measured at three of the above-mentioned stations and for a period of two years (1996-1997). The linear correlation between ozone concentration and air temperature values as well as the temporal variation of temperature and ozone concentration, for the above-mentioned experimental stations, were calculated and analysed. Moreover, a neural network approach was used for investigating the impact of temperature on the ozone concentration values over the greater Athens area. The neural network model used ambient air temperature as one of its input parameters and it was found that temperature is a predominant parameter, affecting considerably the ozone concentration values.

5 illus, 6 tables, 60 ref

019317   Srivastava R K;Verma P (Environmental Research Laboratory, P.G. Environmental Science Dep, , Govt Model Science College (NAAC Accredited `A' Grade, Centre of Excellence, College with Potential for Excellence UGC)) : Underground water quality. Bull envir Sci 2006, 24(1), 1-10.

Ground water is becoming an important source of water supply in many regions of the country since there has been a tremendous increase in the demand of fresh water due to ever increasing growth in population .The rapid growth of urban areas has adversely affected the' ground water quality due to over exploitation of resources and improper waste disposal practices. Hence there is always a need for and concern over the protection and management of ground water quality. It is absolutely necessary to ascertain the portability of water before it is used for human consumption .The problem of ground water pollution in several parts of the country has become so acute that unless urgent steps for detail identification and abatement are taken, extensive ground water resources may be damaged. Discusses various studies going on regarding underground water quality and its management.

^iia95 ref

019316   Shukla S;Shrivastava S B (M.R.S.P. Women P.G. College, , Barabanki, U.P) : Effect of trace elements on snail population of katratal pond of Jabalpur city. Bull envir Sci 2007, 25(2), 161-3.

Zinc Copper Lead, and Cadmium found in pond water, which are effect to flora and fauna. In fauna snails are also affected by these heavy metals, their survivlity, productivity is affected. Concentration of Zinc, Copper and some environmental condition are responsible for snails and shading of cercaria.

2 tables, 4 ref

019315   Shamsi I H;Jilani G;Guo-Ping Z;Kang W (Soil Science Dep, Arid Agriculture Univ, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan, Email: jilani62@yahoo.com) : Cadmium stress tolerance through potasium nutrition in soybean. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1099-1108.

Cadmium is known to hamper plant growth through disruption in structure, nutrition, water relations and metabolism in addition to oxidative stress induction. While, potassium has crucial role in the energy status of plants, translocation/storage of assimilates and tissue water relations. Further, it activates over 60 enzyme systems, aids in photosynthesis, regulates stomatal opening and nutrients translocation and enhances synthesis of starch and proteins. These physiological and biochemical aspects of potassium could also be having a remedial role in counteracting the detrimental effects of cadmium. However, such relationship has rarely been studied in detail. Therefore, the study in view was envisaged for exploiting potassium to counter-balance the cadmium toxicity in soybean. Emphasis was laid on growth, physiology and biochemistry of two soybean genotypes differing in cadmium response. Following treatments were employed under factorial design in hydroponics: Check (no cadmium or potassium applied); cadmium only; potassium only; cadmium + potassium. Cadmium reduced growth, chlorophyll content and fluorescence, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance markedly in both genotypes. Enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were also detected in plants exposed to cadmium than those with potassium alone or combined with cadmium. The activities of SOD and POD were found higher in cv. Liao-1 than in cv. Zhechun3. Apparently, potassium and cadmium behaved antagonistically; suggesting that potassium could be a candidate for cadmium detoxification in crops cultivated under polluted environments.

3 tables, 43 ref

019314   Sattar S A;Sreenivasulu G;Vijayakumar B; Mohideen M B (CSE & IT Dep, Information Technology Dep, Yenkapally, Moinabad (M) R.R. Dist. Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh) : Electronic pollution to the environement. Bull envir Sci 2006, 24(1), 59-64.

Electronic waste or E-waste is the most rapidly growing waste problem in the world. It is a crisis not only of quantity but also a crisis born from toxic ingredients such as the lead, beryllium, mercury, cadmium, and brominated-flame retardants that pose both an occupational and environmental health threat. But till date, initiatives taken up by the countries are inadequate. Even developed countries like the USA have tried to skirt the problem. Continued negligence from all quarters has led to this issue snowballing into a major environmental issue today. E-waste is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their "useful life." Computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, and fax machines are comªmon electronic products. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled. Unfortunately, electronic discards is one of the fastest growing segments of our nation's waste stream. E-waste has become a problem of crisis proportions because of two primary charac-teristics: E-waste is hazardous; E-waste is generated at an alarming rate. Electronic waste is generated by three major sectors Individuals and small businesses large businesses, institutions, and governments Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). The e-waste that is generated is usually disposed of in the ways, Landfill, Incineration, Re-use, and Recycling. E-waste contains a witches' brew of toxic substances. Some of the potentially hazardous such as Downstream Impacts, Upstream Impacts. The e-waste is actually exported is anybody's guess. However, there have been some serious studies which provide estimates of the amount of U.S. computers that go or will go to recyclers each year. To combat the ever growing e-waste problem, India needs to have strong rules and regulations in place. The current eªwaste management and disposal methods suffer from a number of drawbacks like inadequate legislations, lack of funds, poor awareness and reluctance on part of the governments and the Corporates to address the critical issues. A plan of action for e-waste management has to address the above mentioned issues in order to come up with a sustainable solution.

14 ref

019313   Satpathy K K;Natesan U;Sarguru S;Mohanty A K;Prasad M V R;Sarkar S K (NO, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, Email: satpathy@igcar.gov.in) : Seasonal variations in mercury concentrations in the coastal waters of Kalpakkam, southeast coast in India. Curr Sci 2008, 95(3), 374-81.

Studies were carried out in the coastal waters of Kal-pakkam to monitor the seasonal variation in mercury (Hg) concentration. The Hg level (dissolved + acid leachable) ranged from 3 to 50 ppb for surface and 1.5 to 47.9 ppb for bottom-water samples, yielding an annual average concentration of 20.42 ±11.44 and 23.11 ± 13.06 ppb for surface and bottom waters respectively. Strong positive correlation of Hg with salinity and its relatively low concentrations during monsoon and post-monsoon showed that concentration of Hg in this coastal water was mainly of marine origin, indicating absence of any other external source of input. Relatively high Hg concentrations were encountered in bottom samples compared to the surface. Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS) outfall discharge water did not show elevated Hg level compared to ambient surroundings. The present observed values are significantly lower (30 times) than the earlier reported values from this coast.

5 illus, 43 ref

019312   Santhosh S;Mayarani C B;Chandra Thara J (Environmental Sciences Dep, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala-695 581, Email: santhoshkann@rediffmail.com) : Water quality assessment of Killi Ar with special reference to phytoplankton- Thiruvananthapuram district, southern Kerala. Bull envir Sci 2007, 25(3), 179-87.

Killi Ar was one of the fresh water river systems of the southern Kerala State. The study was carried out to evaluate the water quality scenario of river. Hydro-chemical parameters like Temperature, pH, Conductivity, Turbidity, Total suspended solid, Dissolved oxygen, Biological oxygen demand, Silicate, Sodium, and nutrients were observed from four different stations are presented in this paper. Observations revealed that physico-chemical characteristics were almost at the optimum level except at Station III and IV.

1 illus, 1 table, 36 ref

019311   Ramakrishna Reddy R (Physics Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur) : Effects of pollution on plants. Bull envir Sci 2006, 24(1), 53-7.

Plants play multiple roles in nature. Plants are suitable for detecting, monitoring and mitigating air pollution effects. Air Pollutants interact with the plants and alter their normal function. Plants become stressed due to air pollutants. Plants are used for detecting air pollutant particularly sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, Ozone, hydrogen sulphide, Ammonia, Particulates and Hydrocarbons. Effects of different pollutants on plants have been highlighted in the study.

10 ref

019310   Rajeev Kumar (B.R.A. Bihar University, , Muzaffarpur) : Nature of social and economic tension involved in informal sector of solid waste management - a case study of municipal corporation of Delhi. Bull envir Sci 2007, 25(1), 73-6.

Delhi is suffering from solid waste hazards. By available data and also by getting responses from different groups, the present situation has been estimated. Ways and means have been evolved for proper management of municipal solid waste in the light of present situation, climatic conditions and social status of the people.

1 table, 7 ref

019309   Rajan M K;Mahendran M;Pavaraj M;Muniasamy S (Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi-626 214, ) : Zooplanktonic assemblage in three polluted water bodies of Virudhunagar district, Tamilnadu. J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 18-21.

Survey on zooplankton diversity of three selected polluted water bodies from Virudhunagar district, Tamilnadu was undertaken during three different seasons viz., Pre-monsoon (Aug 2005) Monsoon (Nov. 2005) and Post monsoon (Jan. 2006) to evaluate the impact of water pollution and season on zooplankton diversity. The study revealed the occurrence of seven species of Copepoda, seven species of Rotifera, five species of Cladocera and three species of Ostracoda in these habitats. Among the zooplankton population, the species of Copepoda and Rotifera were found to be dominant throughout the period of investigation. The zooplankton population shows higher density during post-monsoon and the lower during the pre-monsoon season.

1 table, 13 ref

019308   Pondhe G M;Hase P C;Thitame S N;Patil S S (Environmental Science Dep, P.V.P. College, Pravaranagar, A/P-Loni-413 713) : Characteristic and quality of ground water in Ghulewadi and Maldad villages near sugar Factory, Sangamner, district Ahmednagar, Maharasthtra. J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 51-4.

In recent days ground water quality is deteriorating at alarming rate due to increased industrial activities in rural areas of Maharashtra state. The sugar industries generally located outside the city areas discharge their effluent on the ground along low lying areas. These effluents pollute the ground water leading to deterioration in its quality. In present investigation an attempt was made to investigate the quality of ground water around sugar factories at Maldad and Ghulewadi villages of Sangamner area in Maharashtra.

9 ref

019307   Patil S M;Hande R S (Zoology Dep, SVKM's Mithibai College, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400 056) : In vivo effect of zinc chloride on brain acetylcholinesterases of Arius nenga - a marine teleost. J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 107-12.

Acetylcholinesterase is an important enzyme present at cholinergic synapses in brain as well as at neuromuscular junction. Zinc unlike mercury, lead and cadmium is an essential trace element for organisms and plays a vital role in the physiological and metabolic processes of many organisms. However in high concentration it can be toxic to the organisms. The present study deals with the in vivo effect of zinc on the kinetic parameters of acetylcholinesterases. The catfish Arius nenga was obtained from the Arabian Sea of Karanja-Raigad. The fishes were kept in aquaria under laboratory conditions for 5 days for acclimation. The fishes were exposed to sub-lethal dose (50 ppm) of salt of zinc for 15 days and the effect was studied on brain acetylcholinesterases (AChE 3.1.1.7). The result reveals an inhibition of cytoplasmic and the membrane-bound fractions of AChE from the brain of zinc treated catfish Arius nenga. The data obtained were computed by Michaelis Menten plots. The Michaelis constant (Km) and the Velocity maximum (Vmax) was calculated in terms of ATCh1 and Δ A /0.1 mg protein / min. respectively. The differential efficiency of various enzyme fractions was interpreted by Vmax/Km ratio.

2 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

019306   Patil S M;Hande R S (Zoology Dep, SVKM's Mithibai College, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400 056) : In vivo effect of ferrous chloride on brain acetylcholinesterases of Arius nenga - a marine teleost. J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 101-6.

Metal irons have played an important role in human material quest. It is an essential component of several enzymes and structures including haemoglobin. However in high concentration iron can be toxic to the organisms. The catfish Arius nenga was obtained from the Arabian Sea of Karanja-Raigad. The fishes were kept in aquaria under laboratory conditions for 5 days for acclimation. The fishes were exposed to sub-lethal dose (15 ppm) of salt of iron for 15 days. One of the aquaria is maintained as control. The cytoplasmic and membrane-bound fractions were extracted and assayed. The data obtained were analysed by the Michaelis Menten plots and Eisenthal and Cornish-Bowden plots. The Km, Vmax and Vmax/Km ratio were calculated to find out the effect of salt of iron (15 ppm) on kinetics and efficiency of the enzyme acetylcholinesterases. The result reveals an inhibition of cytoplasmic and membrane-bound fractions of AChE from the brain of ferrous treated catfish Arius nenga

2 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

019305   Patel S V;Fudani D R;Patel K P (Chemistry Dep, Sir P.T. Science College, Modasa, Gujarat) : Physico-chemical charcterization of under ground water used in modasa and other villages of Modasa taluka dist, Sabarkantha (Gujarat). Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 276-80.

Physico-chemical analysis of water was carried out during a period of month at ten different villages including Modasa City, Gujarat (India). All the samples were collected from the places, which people used daily for drinking purpose. The various physico-chemical parameters such as pH conductivity temperature, Ca, Mg, hardness, total hardness, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, sodium, potassium, phosphate, fluorides, DO and COD were examined.

1 table, 11 ref

019304   Pasha C;Sadat Ali M;Chauhan V K (Microbiology Dep, Osmania University, Hyderabad-7, Email: cpasha21@yahoo.com) : Microbiological analysis of holy waters from Tirupathi and Bada Pahad. J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 43-6.

India is a traditional country, where more preference is given to beliefs and concepts. There are several holy places in India, devotees visit there and receive water as a holy sample. Tirupathi and Bada Pahad are known as famous holy places for Hindus and Muslims respectively in India. At Tirupathi, water is served in a sealed copper container and at Bada Pahad water is collected from a flow coming from stone crack. These two samples were used for microbiological analysis of total aerobic plate count (bacteria and fungi), anaerobic count, spore count, lactose fermenting microbes count, C. perfringe count and the presence of Entamoeba. In Tirupathi water sample more anaerobes were detected whereas in Bada pahad sample more skin microorganisms like Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were detected. Coli forms were detected in both the samples. As coli forms and anaerobes were found in both holy water samples hence precautions should be taken in supply and usage of this water.

3 tables, 9 ref

019303   Paregi C;Pandya A;Joshi J J (School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad) : Different methods of defluoridation of drinking water. Bull envir Sci 2006, 24(1), 11-17.

Excessive concentration of Fluoride in drinking water, it manifests a crippling disease called "fluorosis". If water is found to contain fluoride in excess quantity than permissible limit, defluoridation may be carried out. Most of the above methods of defluoridation suffer from one or the other disadvantages such as high initial cost, expensive regeneration, poor fluoride removal capacity, etc. A new technique known as 'Nalgonda Technique' has been tried to overcome all these drawbacks. Coconut husk ash and neem leaves ash gave about 80 % removal of fluoride from drinking water having 4.4 ppm fluoride concentration. Activated charªcoal adsorbent gave about 52.26% removal of fluoride. The phenomenon behind this removal may be because of complex formation with the minerals present in the ash. These contain mainly positive ions so; fluoride may get attached with these minerals and be retained in the packed column. The main advantages of these materials are; low cost, easy available and more effectiveness as compared to activated charcoal.

12 ref

019302   Ozkutlu F (Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Dep, Faculty of Agricultural Ordu Univ, 52200, Ordu, Turkey, Email: farukozkutlu@hotmail.com) : Determination of cadmium and trace elements in some spices cultivated in Turkey. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1081-8.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in monitoring trace element and cadmium contents of spices and herbs. Some spices widely cultivated and consumed in Turkey were monitored as to their trace element and heavy metal contents including cadmium, iron, copper, manganese and zinc by ICP-AES. Samples of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.), fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graceum L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and tarragon (Artemisia dracanculus L.) were subjected to chemical analysis. Cadmium was not detectable in any samples of poppy seed. Linseed contained the highest amount of cadmium (128 μg kg^-1) in all plant samples while fenugreek contained the least (7 μg kg^-1). The level of copper in the samples varied from 6.0 to 17 mg kg^-1 with the highest value was in tarragon. Content of iron ranged from 29 mg kg^-1 in poppy seed to 129 mg kg^-1 in cumin. The tarragon sample occurred as the richest (42 mg kg^-1) in manganese content whereby the lowest manganese level was detected in fenugreek (8 mg kg^-1). Zinc concentrations of the plant samples ranged between 11 and 28 mg kg^-1 with linseed containing the highest. The results of the present study revealed that trace metal contents of some selected spices commonly cultivated in Turkey were within the low range.

2 tables, 35 ref

019301   Narayana J;Puttaiah E T;Basavaraja D (P.G. Studies and Research in Environmental Science Dep, Kuvempu University, Bioscience Complex, Shankaraghatta-577 451, Email: narayanaj@kuvempu.ac.in) : Water quality characteristics of Anjanapura reservoir near Shikaripur, district Shimoga, Karnataka. J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 59-63.

Analysis of water quality characteristics of Anjanapura reservoir, Shimoga district, Karnataka, has been carried out for one year from November 2005 to October 2006. Water samples were collected from four points based on the sources of pollution. Physico-chemical analysis of water reveals that water is slightly alkaline throughout the year, while, turbidity and iron increases only in rainy season. The study concludes that all the parameters investigated are within the standard limits as prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).

1 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

019300   Nagar J K;Shrivastava J P;Raj Kumar;Umesh Chandra;Rathi B;Rana S V S;Ahmad K (Geology Dep, Universotu of Delhi, Delhi-7, Email: jitendranagar79@gmail.com) : Urban air pollution: a global environmental health problem. Bull envir Sci 2007, 25(3), 191-213.

Urban air pollution is an environmental concern of many cities throughout the world and now recognized as an important health problem, both nationally and worldwide. It is also a major environmental health problem in the developing countries of the world. Scientific understanding of the spectrum of health effects of air pollution has increased, and numerous studies are finding important health effects from urban air pollution on human beings. Air pollutants in urban areas having several sources such as combustion of fossil fuels, power plants, automobile exhaust, incinerators, industrial processes, and natural sources such as sea spray, volcanic eruption, pollen grains and particles of soil. Indoor air pollutants concentrations that are depend on both (indoor and outdoor) sources are also responsible for damage human respiratory system because urban people typically spend more than 90 percent of their time indoor. The main sources of indoor air pollutants include cooking fuel smoke, environmental tobacco smoke, building materials and furnishings, cleaning agents, biological agents, dusting & vacuuming, and by transport from outdoors via leakage through the walls, windows, or the ventilation system. Women and children are the most vulnerable as they spend more time indoors and are exposed to smoke. An appraisal of indoor air quality is the most important aspect in the understanding of the impact of urban air pollution on human health. The major air pollutants includes respirable particles, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone, volatile organic compounds are especially harmful to people with lung diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and lung cancer, skin cancer, irritation of eyes. Particulate matter is associated with more frequent respiratory illness because airborne particulates easily reach the deepest recesses of lungs and damage. Particulate matter is also responsible for possible global climate change and global warming through direct and indirect effects on earth's radiation balance.

^iia5 tables, 119 ref

019299   Murali S;Muniasamy S;Pavaraj M ;Rajan M K (Post Graduate and Research Zoology Dep, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous) Sivakasi-626 124, , Email: Muni_s84@yahoo.co.in ) : Toxic effect of phosphorus on the physiology of the fish Lepidocephalichthyes thermalis (Bleeker). J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 152-4.

Study on the effect of phosphorus which has been used as a raw material for the manufacture of matches in the industrial town, Sivakasi, has been carried out on the physiology of the fish Lepidocephalichthyes thermalis. Opercular movement and body weight of the fish have been greatly reduced due to the effect of increased concentrations of phosphorus. The erythyrocytes have become spherical, showing cellular hypertrophy, erythrocytic agglutination and bursting of erythrocytes in increased concentrations of phosphorus. Therefore, it is felt that a critical study on the effect of phosphorus on human beings in Sivakasi may be open for future investigations, since the employees of match industries have exposed to this toxicant often.

2 tables, 5 ref

019298   Mishra S;Sahoo S;Das R (Botany Dep, Utkal University, Vanivihar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, Email: prabha. giet@yahoo.com ) : Global warming-causes, effects and mitigation. Bull envir Sci 2007, 25(3), 221-3.

Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the earths near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes, "most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations" via the greenhouse effect. Natural phenomena such as solar variation combined with volcanoes probably had a small warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950, climate models referenced by the IPCC project that global surface temperatures are likely to increase by 1.1 to 6.40'C (2.0' TO 1.5'F) between 1990 and 2100. An increase in global temperatures is expected to cause other changes, including Sea level rise, increased intensity of extreme weather events, and changes in the amount and pattern of precipitation other effects of globalwarming include changes in agricultural yields, glacier retreat, species extinction and increase in the ranges of disease vectors. Remaining scientific uncertainties include the amount of warmingexpected in future and how warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe. There is ongoing political and public debate worldwide regarding what, if any, action shoud be taken to reduce or reverse future warming or to adapt to its expected consequences. For proper mitigation most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol, Alternative use of energy sources, aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emission.

4 ref

019297   Mishra S;Sahoo S;Das R (Botany Dep, Utkal University, Vanivihar, Bhubaneswar, Email: prabha.giet@yahoo.com) : Impact of global warming on health & biodiversity. Bull envir Sci 2007, 25(3), 215-20.

The main cause of this global warming is the man made emissions of heat trapping green house gases from burning of fossil fuels. The year 1998 has been the hottest on record so fat The 1990s have seen the three hottest years. The average temperature has risen by 0.20c in the recent decades. As a result of global warming there have been huge and unprecedented floods, storms, cyclone, etc. resulting in destruction on vast scales. In recent years the concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane etc. have increased alarmingly. These green house gases cause global warming and rise in earth's temperature. Therefore there are changes in climate, weather and rain patterns. These green house gases do not let the sun's re-radiation escape from the earth and so there is green house effect and warming. They work like a glass house as they accumulate with particulates in the atmosphere because of the burning of fossil fuels. The presence of chlorofluorocarbon (CFCS) in the atmosphere has drastically depleted the vital cover of ozone. About a billion tons of pollutions are being released every year in to the atmosphere. The highly industrialized nations are the biggest offenders as they emit the largest amount of these gases. Rapidly increasing deforestation has further increased the problem. Global warming not only causes natural calamities but also many epidemics like malaria, dengue, chicken guinea, etc. It has also serious impacts on society and natural resources. It is a global problem and should be addressed globally by reducing the emission amount of the greenhouse gases and exploiting of the greenhouse gases and exploiting the renewable sources of energy. There has been increase in the general awareness about the dangers of global warming as well as its impacts on health & biodiversities but unfortunately nothing substantial has been done to check and prevent the menace. There have been many international pacts and agreements on the issue but no strict adherence and compliance.

4 tables, 5 ref

019296   Lokhande R S;Ingale S T;Patil V N (Chemistry Dep, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai-400 098) : Monitoring and assessment of the industrial effluents collected from TTC industrial area (Maharashtra). Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(1), 235-40.

TTC industrial area is one of the important industrial belts situated nearby Mumbai. It posses many industries of various types like engineering, manufacturing, chemical productions as well as chemical processing units, pharmaceutical units etc. Therefore, this industrial area is heavily polluted all around. Although CET plant is situated taking care of the effluents of the industries in the area, a need is there to understand the pollution status of this particular area. It is a heavily polluted area. Hence, sampling was carried out form some selected stations for the year 2003 and 2004. Monthly sampling was carried out and the seasonal variations in the industrial effluents were recorded. The physico-chemical parameters studied include colour, temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, COD, BOD, oil and grease, DO, total hardness, sulphate, phosphate and some heavy metals. It is seen that at most of the sampling stations the heavy metal contents observed were some what above the permissible level in the effluents. Observed temperature was more than the regular effluents. In rainy season, the pollution status was little less indicating the dilution due to rain water in the environment.

3 tables, 3 ref

019295   Kuljit Kaur (Laws Dep, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143 005, Email: drkuljitkaur@yahoo.com) : Environment protection: through public awareness and participation. Bull envir Sci 2007, 25(1), 97-102.

Life and natural environment are closely related to each other. Without natural environment the creation and survival of life are impossible. The knowledge of how to maintain, protect and improve the human environment through the dissemination of appropriate environment education programmes has become very important to bring about environmental consciousness amongst the masses. Effective environmental protection and improvement is, therefore, a matter of legal rights and duties. The Stockholm Declaration 1972 laid great stress for the environmental awareness through eduction and to protect and improve the environment in its full dimension.

12 ref

019294   Kshama K;Khobragade B (Environmental Science Dep, S.B.E.S. College of Science, Aurangabad-431 001) : Resoruce management and policy perspectives of municipal water supply in Aurangabd city, Maharashtra. J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 194-201.

Deals with aspects pertaining to resource availability, adequacy, usage and management of municipal water supply with reference to the population and demand in Aurangabad city of Maharashtra State. It also throws light on the situation of physical facilities of water supply system provided by the civic authority. A brief concluding dialogue on 'water literacy' is intended to create awareness among general public on conservative usage of water in the face of shortages. Future course of action to be taken in social and scientific spheres also forms a part of this paper. This work distinctively incorporates joint scientific investigation on civilisation and water resources management issues, and allied policy.

12 ref

019293   Kesharwani S;Sharma J;Mandiol A K;Dube K K (Zoology Dep, Govt. M. H. College of H. Sc. & Sc. For Women, Jablpur, Madhya Pradesh) : Water Quality monitoring of a lentic water body based on cairn's & dickson (1971) index. Bull envir Sci 2007, 25(2), 121-5.

The water samples were collected from polluted and non polluted sites of pond and the diversity of organisms present in the sample is used to determine the SCI. Investigation was carried out in Amkhera pond of Jabalpur for a period of two years (Mar. 2000 - Feb. 2002). An attempt has been made in this study to find out the effects of sewage disposal and human interference on water quality and species diversity by biological monitoring methods using sequential comparison index. SCI is a statistically valid method and allows to establish a diversity index without taxonomically identifying the organisms. Stationwise comparison of SCI revealed that the highest values of SCI were recorded at S₅ (Centre) while lowest values of SCI were observed at S₁ (sewage entering point) which indicates the fact that the SCI usually decreases with increasing pollution (Cairns, 1968).

1 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

019292   Karadkhele S V;Lokhande M V;Rathod D S; Shembekar V S;Patil S M (Zoology and Dairy Science Dep, Mahatma Basweshwar College, Latur-413 512) : Physico-chemical characteristics of recreational water body in Nana Nani Park, Latur, Maharashtra. J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 55-8.

Most of the fresh water bodies all over the world are getting polluted due to domestic water, sewage and industrial effluents. The area of the study, selected to estimate the level of water pollution is Nana Nani park of Latur city, Maharashtra. Nana Nani Park is a sewage water body. It is located in the heart of Latur city and is recently developed as Water Park by Municipal council, Latur. Various physico-chemical parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO₂, chloride, salinity and Primary productivity were studied to assess the extent of deterioration in the water quality of this water body in the recreational Par of the city. Summer being the most problematic season for maintenance of the water body, study was carried out for a period of four months during this problematic period extending from February to May 2006. The water samples were collected from two sampling stations and select group of quality parameters were analyzed.

1 table, 25 ref

019291   Jeya Prakash P;Anantharaman P (CAS in Marine Biology, , Annamalai University) : Bacterial population and hydro-chemistry of Rammantha Swamy temple "Holy" water - Rameshwaram, Tamilnadu, South East Coast of India. J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 47-50.

Deals with analysis of select Physico-chemical parameters, Nutrients, Total' Heterotropic Bacteria (THB) and Total Coliforms (TC) of 22 "holy" water sources used for bathing by thousands of pilgrims as a ritual in the Ramanathaswamy temple, Rameshwaram, Tamilnadu. The study was conducted in the monsoon season of 2007 as during this period chances of contamination are maximum. The study showed a marked variation in water quality of different sources in the premises of the same temple. The Kodi water could be considered as the safest for bathing purpose, while remaining 21 sources exhibited varying degrees of nonªsuitability of the water for bathing purpose.

7 illus, 4 ref

019290   Jayabhaye U M;Salve B S;Pentewar M S (Zoology Dep, Adarsh College, Hingoli-431 513) : Some physico-chemical aspects of Kayadhu river, distric Hingoli, Maharashtra. J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 64-8.

Kayadhu is the major river of Hingoli district in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. It's water is mainly used for irrigation, bathing, washing and other domestic purposes. This water body is under constant anthropogenic influences, keeping in view its immense importance, an attempt has been made to analyse the various physico-chemical parameters of the Kayadhu river. This investigation was undertaken for a period of one year, by establishing three sampling stations along 24 Km total stretch of the river. The physico-chemical parameters such as atmospheric temperature, water temperature, total dissolved solids, pH, DO, BOD, hardness and alkalinity were investigated. The parameters showed pollution trend were increasing due to discharge of sewage and anthropogenic activities. The fluctuations in some physico-chemical parameters were noted during the study period. The dissolved oxygen content showed an inverse relationship with temperature. The hardness and total dissolved solids were within permissible limits prescribed by WHO. The water was found alkaline in nature.

1 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

019289   Jadhav S D;Kanase D G;Jawale R W;DhapteV V; Jadhav M S (NO, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, College of Engineering, Pune-411 043) : Water quality assesment of Ketraj lake in Pune city. Bull envir Sci 2007, 25(2), 135-8.

Water quality assessment of Katraj lake at Pune was done during the month of November and December 2006. The sampling points were selected on the basis of their importance. Some of Nalahs near by the lake are carrying sewage water, domestic wastes and are being discharged into the Ambil Odha, whose origin is near by the lake. The analysis was carried out for the parameters like Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (0.0), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D), Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D), Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Calcium, and Magnesium. The study report discusses about the analysis of the lake water quality and suggests the means to improve the lake water quality.

2 tables, 16 ref

019288   Islam M A;Kabil Hossain M;Bhuiyan A S; Hossain M D (C/o Prof Yeong Lae Ha, Post Doctoral Fellow, Biochemistry, Applied Lif, Gyeongsang National University, Bulding No. 451, Room No. 431, Jinju 660-701, South Korea, Email: mdamirul_islam@yahoo.com) : Effect of aquatic pollution on biochemical and nutritional status of Mugil parsia in Bangldesh. Bull envir Sci 2007, 25(2), 127-33.

The nutritional and biochemical composition of the Brackish Water fish, Mugil parsia along with the variation of lipid, protein, vitamins, minerals and related substances caused by the effect of aquatic pollution were analyzed in the present investigation. The moisture, ash, lipid and protein content of the different stages of the fish were found to be in the ranges of 66.25-70.50 %, 1.495-3.52%, 10.59-12.93% and 16.60-18.93% in male while those were 68.54-72.30%, 1.25ª3.05%, 9.00-11.95% and 14.65-16.35% in female respectively The minerals such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron were found to vary from 226-227 mg/100g, 20.67-20.8 mg/100g, 16.28-16.45 mg/100g and 2.00-2.17 mg/100g respectively while the vitamins such as vitamin-B 1, vitamin-B2 and vitamin C contents varied in the ranges of 0.35-0.60 mg/100g, 2.20-2.75 mg/ 100g and 14.85-16.16.25 mg/100g respectively. But in effect of aquatic pollution, the changes in value of lipid and protein varied from 9.55-10.93% and 14.60-15.95% in male while those of female were 8.10-9.65% and 13.80-15.90% respectively and also the value of minerals and vitamins remarkably fluctuated for the effect of aquatic pollution.

4 tables, 15 ref

019287   Hema S (Chemistry Dep, Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur-628 215, Email: hema_chem@rediffmail.com) : Post tsunami impact on sea water in Tuticorin coastal area. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 895-900.

Deals with the study on the post Tsunami impact on sea water intrusion in Tuticorin coastal area. In the investigation, more than 12 ground water samples were collected from the various parts of Tuticorin coastal area i.e., 1 and 5 km away from the sea shore, physico- chemical parameters such as pH, alkalinity, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, fluoride, chlorides, nitrates, ammonia, phosphate, trace metals like iron and manganese were analyzed. Bacteriological examinations for the enumeration of coliform bacteria were carried out. Standard methods were followed for the analysis of physico-chemical and bacteriological examinations. The results were observed in each sample and compared with standards WHO, ICMR and BIS. The water quality in all the areas surveyed was found to be unfit for human consumption. Because of lack of poor water quality due to sea water intrusion, the residents of Tuticorin coastal area were affected by water borne diseases. Hence, suitable water quality management is essential to avoid contamination.

3 tables, 12 ref

019286   Gupta A (P.G. Geography Dep, University of Jammu, Jammu-180 006) : Geo-environmental study of an anthropogenically stressed mansar lake of Jammu and Kashmir. Bull envir Sci 2007, 25(1), 7-14.

Man has emerged as a very important geomorphic agent and is capable of changing the earth's surface at a much faster rate than many of the natural processes. Thus it is pertinent to study the role of man in changing the environmental processes, because these processes affect the energy system, chemical cycle and hydrological cycle, which in turn maintain the unity of Biospheric eco-system. Environmental de radation is caused due to the sedimentation in the lake, which is the problem of the study region.

4 illus, 5 ref

019285   Gopal S;Nagabhushan Reddy M;Venkata Ramudu M;Indira P (Zoology Dep, S.K. University, Anantapur-515 003, Email: indirapala@yahoo.com) : Effect of synthetic detergent linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) on hematological responses of Cyprinus carpto (L). J Aquatic Biol 2008, 23(1), 113-18.

Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) is one of the most widely used anionic surfactants in commercial use today. This synthetic detergent placed head list of chemical pollutants posing a great potential risk than the organic wastes and eutrophicating nutrients. Sublethal effects of LAS on hematological responses of freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio were studied during this research. RBC count increased at 24h in relation to control, later decreased through day 7 to day 15 with higher significance (P<O.OO1) at day 15. After day 15, RBC count increased gradually up to day 20 and reached nearer to normalcy at day 30. WBC count showed a reverse trend to that of RBC count during the sublethal exposure periods. Whereas the Hb content followed similar trend to that of RBC count.

2 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

019284   Gitipour S;Taheri E;Heidarzaeh N;Givehchi S (Faculty of Environment, Tehran Univ, No 23, Ghods St, Enghelab Ave, Tehran, Iran, Email: gitipour@ut.ac.ir) : Assessment of clean up levels due to inhalation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated soils. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1599-1608.

The research, due to the widespread oil's leakages occurring in Tehran oil refinery in Shahre-Ray, Iran, soil samples were collected from different contaminated locations in the south of the refinery. The samples were analyzed for two PAH compounds, namely benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(k)fluoranthene. Physical and hazardous characteristics of the contaminants were evaluated based on geotechnical characteristics of the soils located near to the refinery. More ever the soils' clean up levels at the site were calculated via inhalation of these volatile carcinogenic organics. Results of the study indicate that maximum concentrations of the soil samples were 638 ppm and 651 ppm for benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(k)fluoranthene, respectively. Benzo(a) pyrene concentration in the soil was higher than the clean up level of 50 ppm, indicating that the soil should be treated at the site for this compound. Benzo(a)pyrene is chemically complex contaminant. Its' hazardous characteristics could be reduced by destructing of its structure to more simple chains. Thus, phyto-remediation technique was recommended for treatment of this contaminant at the site.

4 illus, 6 tables, 30 ref

019283   Gemici M (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science, Ege Univ, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey, Email: meliha.gemici@gmail.com) : Sulphur analysis in soils of peripheries of power plants of Turkey. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(2), 1420-4.

Within borders of Mugla district in Southwestern Turkey, there are three power plants operating called Yatagan, Yenikoy and Kemerkoy. These plants in which coal with low calorie and high sulphur content are used have been on the agenda of Turkey for long time, since they have been causing some environmental problems. Source of the claims are acid rains and these three power plans are indicated as major reason in distribution of natural plant cover and in product lost in agriculture. Within last 3 years, frequent but local forest deaths were recorded in forests of the region. These are Red pine (Pinus brutia Ten) forests. One of the major indicators of acid rain is increasing in amount of sulphur within soil. In our survey, lots of soil sample were taken form the region with priority of the sites where the deaths in trees were observed. Samples were analyzed in Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture Ege University. Findings of the study have revealed that sulphur levels are not high in the soils of the region and even it is under the normal level at some localities. For this reason, it has been concluded that the subject should be considered with different perspectives.

1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

019282   Garode A M;Agarkar S V (Microbiology Dep, Shri Shivaji College, Chikhli-443 201, Email: anilgarode@ymail.com) : Survey of fluoride content in drinking water sources of Buldana district. Bull chem Sci 2009, 7(1), 11-12.

The Suitability of water for drinking purpose is studied by collecting water samples from fifteen villages located around Chikhli town of Buldana District, Maharashtra. Samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters specially for fluoride contents.

1 table, 4 ref

019281   Galwad S R;Thorat S R (Environmental Sciences Dep, North Maharasthtra University, Jalgaon) : Selected heavy metals at residential area nearby Tapi river : Bhusawal. Bull envir Sci 2006, 24(1), 69-73.

The study was carried out to determine the level of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn and Zn.) at residential area nearby Tapi river system riverbank between December 2003 and July 2004. Integrated approach applied was to measure the concentration of cadmium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese and Zinc in the water column and to highlight potential discharge sources. Result obtained that (Cd 0.022-0.042 mg/lit, Cu 0.340-0.575 mg/lit and Pb 0.027-0.045 mg/lit) were exceeded the interim National Water quality standards, IBS - Indian Bureau of Standard. Threshold limits for potable water while Fe (0.356-0.535 mg/lit), Mn (0.219-0.325 mg/lit) and Zn (0.039-0.058 mg/lit) respectively fall below the regulated safety, values. However, based on the acceptability aspects for drinking water ruled by World Health Organization (WHO), Cd and Pb were above health base guidelines. The levels of Cd, Fe, Pb, Mn and Zn well established below permissible level for water supply. Overall findings indicated that water bodies of Tapi river system required extensive treatment prior to be used as potable water. Wastewater and soluble water ionic metals origin from domestic, corrosion of household piping system and building materials, local scale open burning, impetuously use of pesticides and fertilizers in plantations, density of infrastructure network and wet deposition were considered as main contributors to the detected level of selected heavy metals at residential area at Tapi river system river bank.

3 tables, 12 ref