020331   Yadav G C;Yadav S R (Botany Dep, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Faizabad-224 123) : Impact of sugar factory wastewater on chlorophyll content, carbohydrate and biomass production of Triticum aestivum var. Malvia-212. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 565-8.

Total and individual chlorophylls, a and b, total water soluble carbohydrates and dry weight of Triticum aestivum var. Malvia-212 were determined following the treatment with different concentrations of the sugar factory wastewater. Concentrated effluents showed marked effect and reduced these contents significantly which may be attributed to the reduced number of leaves and leaf area. The reduced growth and biomass are result of high concentration of soluble salts and heavy metals present therein, which possibly interfere with the absorption of water and minerals.

5 tables, 10 ref

020330   Vinodhini V;Das N (School of Biotechnology, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Environm, VIT Univ, Vellore-632 014) : Performance evaluation of common effluent treatment plant for tanneries at Vaniyambadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 385-90.

The present study has been undertaken to evaluate performance efficiency of the Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) at Vaniyambadi, Vellore. Waste water samples were collected at four different stages of the treatment units and analysed for various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity, EC, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD and heavy rnetals. The values obtained for different parameters were compared with standard values given by National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for waste water quality. The CETP has been working with the norms of NEQS and Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) and meeting the standard discharge limits.

4 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

020329   Vijaya Lakshmi;Alam M N;Sadhu S (Zoology Dep, Giridih College, Giridih-815 301) : Pollutional potency of the insecticide, bayrusil with respect to mortality and behaviour of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 513-16.

Deals with the effect of an agro-chemical, Bayrusil on the mortality and behaviour of a catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. It was inferred from the experiment that 38.0 and 41.0 ppm of the insecticide represented LC₅₀ and LC₁₀₀ doses respectively showing acutely toxic nature of the pesticide. Some remarkable changes were also observed in the fish in pesticidal media, such as thrilling and bending of body, jerky movement, surfacing and gulping air, dashing against the wall of container, frequent jumping, loss of balance, muscular weakness and finally death.

3 tables, 28 ref

020328   Verma A K (Botany Dep, Post Graduate and Research M.M.H. College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of industrial discharge of a brewery industry on seed germination, seedling elongation, fresh and dry weight of Capsicum annuum cultivar, P. jawala. Adv Pl Sci 2009, 22(1), 181-3.

Effect of industrial effluent of a brewery industry of Ghaziabad was evaluated on the seed germination, seedling elongation, fresh and dry weight of Capsicum annuum cultivar, P. Jawala. Four different concentrations i.e. 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% were used for treating the seeds either directly or after pre-soaking of seeds in distilled water. In general, the effluent had promotry effect on seed germination and this enhancement was inversely proportional to effluent concentration and duration of treatment to certain extent. The effluent promoted the fresh and dry weight was probably due to absorption and accumulation of substances present in the effluent.

1 table, 9 ref

020327   Venkata Chandrudu M;Radhakrishnaiah K (Zoology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur-515 303) : Effect of cadmium on the histology of hepatopancreas and foot of the freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis (Lam.). Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 397-402.

An attempt has been made to observe the structural changes in the hepatopancreas and foot of the mussel Lamellidens marginalis exposed to acute (11.0 mg/L) and subacute (1.10mg/L) concentrations of cadmium. The changes are observed at day 1 and day 3 in acute concentration and day 10 and 30 in subacute concentration, one at short-term and the other at long-term exposure. In hepatopancreas enlargement of intertubular area, cell necrosis and the formation of sinuses and in foot loss of connective tissue, vacuolization, disarrayed fibres and nuclear pyknosis were seen on exposure to acute concentration of cadmium at day 1. Similar changes with mild degree of recovery were observed at day 3. In subacute concentration some degenerative changes like mild tubular atrophy and cell necrosis in hepatopancreas and fibrillation, intermuscular oedema and pyknotic nuclei in foot of mussel were observed at day 10, however, at day 30 the tissues appeared more or less similar to those of controls with insignificant changes.

2 illus, 19 ref

020326   Vediya S;Srivastava A K (Biology Dep, Sir P.T. Science, Modasa-383 315, Email: drsanjuvediya@rediffmail.com) : Heavy metals in Sabarmati river water (Gandhinagar to Ahmedabad), Gujarat. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(4), 755-8.

Sabarmati river is an important river for Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar cities of India. The study measures the pollution level of river water at different localities. Water samples were collected and analysed for the presence of Iron. Manganese, Zinc, Lead and Copper for three seasons of the year 2005-2006. The results values are higher than the desirable limits of WHO, BIS and ICMR but within the permissible limits.Vadaj and Sardar bridge are more polluted due to the effluents and city sewage and not suitable for drinking as well as irrigation.

12 tables, 9 ref

020325   Vediya S;Shrivastava A K (P.G. Centre in Botany, Sir P.T. Science College, Modasa, Gujarat) : Heavy metals in Sabarmati river water (Gandhinagar to Ahmedabad), Gujarat. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(4), 759-62.

Clean water to drink, pure air to breath and natural soil to live are the universal demands of man as their birthright. The amount of pollutants is gradually caused serious problems resulting in health hazards and economic loss. Surface water is used for drinking purpose for human beings and other animals. Sabarmati river is one such important river for Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar cities. The present study helps to know the pollution level of river water at different localities.Water samples were collected and analysed for the presence of Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Lead and Copper for three seasons of the year 2005-2006. The results values are higher than the desirable limits of WHO, BIS and ICMR but within the permissible limits.Vadaj and Sardar bridge are more polluted due to the effluents and city sewage and not suitable for drinking as well as irrigation.

5 tables, 10 ref

020324   Vediya S D;Shrivastava A K (Centre in Botany, Sir P.T. Science College, Modasa-383 315, Email: drsanjuvediya@rediffmail.com) : Comparative analysis of heavy metals in water and sediments of Sabarmati river from Gandhinagar to Ahmedabad at Gujarat, India. Pl Archs 2009, 9(1), 309-312.

Since a long time, the Sabarmati river, which passes through the center of Ahmedabad has been subjected to severe pressure and abuse owing to the fast pace of urban and industrial growth of the city. Sewage contamination, storm water outfalls and the dumping of industrial wastes pose a major health and environmental hazard. Though the river banks and bed provide a place to stay and a source of livelihood for many poor citizens, the river bank slums are disastrously flood prone and lack basic infrastructure services. The following five localities of Sabarmati river basin from Gandhinagar to Ahmedabad were studied as a part of research i.e. Nabhoi village, Indira bridge, Subhas bridge, Nehru bridge and Sardar bridge. Excess heavy metal accumulation in sediment is toxic to humans and acute, immediate poisoning from heavy metals is rare through ingestion or dermal contact. Iron content of water samples from all localities are within the permissible limit of BIS except locality no. 3, 5 in winter, locality no. 2, 3 and locality no. 1, 2, 3, 4 in monsoon. Zinc, Copper and manganese content of water samples from all localities are within the permissible limit of BIS. Iron content of sediments samples from all localities is higher than the permissible limit of BIS. Zinc content of sediments samples from all localities are higher than the permissible limit of BIS except locality no. 1, 2 in winter and summer and no. 1,2,3,4,5 in monsoon. Copper content of sediments samples from all localities are higher than the permissible limit of BIS except locality no. 1 in winter, summer and monsoon. Manganese content of sediments samples from all localities are higher than the permissible limit of BIS except locality no. 1,2,3,4, 5 in monsoon. Results suggested that water is not suitable for drinking and sediments are highly polluted due to heavy metals.

4 tables, 8 ref

020323   Vasanthy M;Murugavel S;Geetha A (PG & Res Dep Envr Sci, Govt-Arts College, Ariyalur-621 713) : Effective treatment methods of COD and TDS from dyeing industry effluent. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 509-12.

The work has been aimed for the removal and reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the dyeing industry effluent using oxidizing and coagulating agents, and adsorbent individually and in different combinations. About 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g of oxidizing agent (sodium hypochlorite), coagulating agent (alum) and adsorbent (commercial activated carbon, CAC) were added separately and in combinations. The COD (92.3%) and TDS (80%) were removed using 0.25g of oxidizing agent within one hour, and with 1 g of coagulating agent the COD and TDS were removed 98.4% and 90% respectively. For CAC it has been reported that the dosage of 0.75 g has resulted in 87.6% and 80% of COD and TDS removal respectively. With the combination of sodium hypochlorite, CAC and alum, the percentage reduction of COD and TDS are 87% and 79% respectively. The statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between reduction and the time.

4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

020322   Upadhyaya S;Shukla S;Bhadauria S (Biotechnology Dep, R.B.S. College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh) : Growth responses of Lens esculenta under petroleum contaminated soil in field and pot experiments. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 403-14.

The investigation deals with the effect of different concentrations of refinery effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of Lens esculents. The seeds were grown in pots and field and treated with various concentrations of refinery effluent. The plant showed positive effect on vegetative growth at lower concentration of the added refinery effluent, whereas higher concentration of refinery effluent showed gradual decrease in vegetative growth. The impact of petroleum refinery effluent irrigation on soil properties has been included in detail.

4 illus, 7 tables, 22 ref

020321   Sundaramoorthy P;Sumathi K;Baskaran L; Rajasekaran S;Sankar Ganesh K (Botany Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu) : Impact of dye industry effluent on germination, growth and biochemical studies of greengram (Vigna radiata L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Bull envir Sci 2006, 24(2), 163-7.

Tirupur, a small town in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, is famous for its T-shirts and knitting products. The town is closely associated with numerous dyeing and bleaching units located along the Noyyal river. Dyeing factory is one of the major industries which contribute much to water and soil pollution. There are nearly 187 bleaching and 526 dyeing units in this area. A variety of new dyes are mainly used in dye industry. After the dyeing process, the textile industries discharge their large volumes of (150 to 175 litres per kg of processed fabrics) coloured wastewater into the nearby water bodies. The polluted water is being used by farmers to cultivate their crops. A laboratory study was under taken to assess the phytotoxic nature of dyeing industry effluent on certain agricultural crops.

3 tables, 13 ref

020320   Sundaramoorthy P;Sankar Ganesh K;Rajesekaran S;Baskaran L;Sumathi K;Unnikannan P (Environmental Biology Dep, Botany Dep, Annamalai Univ, Anamalainagar, Tamilnadu) : Effect of sewage on vegetative growth and flowering yield of african marigold (Tagetes errecta L.). Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(4), 567-70.

The increase in population and urbanization has resulted in the production of huge amount of wastewater. The problems of sewage water disposal can be solved only by effective utilization of this wastewater for agricultural irrigation. But heavy metals like zinc, cadmium, silver, arsenic etc., are present in the sewage. If the untreated sewage water is used for irrigation, the heavy metals directly affect the soil properties and accumulate in the irrigating crops. It directly affects the human health when it is consumed. Therefore, the sewage water can be used for irrigation purposes for the cultivation of non-edible plants like flowering plants. The present investigation was carried out to find out the irrigational response of sewage water on growth and yield of African mariegold (Tagetes errecta L). Field experiments were conducted with African mariegold by irrigating the sewage water as well as well water (control). The various morphological growth parameters such as root length, shoot length, number of branches, number of leaves, total leaf area and their dry weight were recorded at 30,60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS). The yield param eters viz., number of flowers per plant, flower yield, flower diameter and 100 flower weight were recorded at 90 DAS. The study reveals that flowering plants had the greater growth rate and yield in sewage water irrigation when compared to control.

2 tables, 27 ref

020319   Sumathi K;Sundaramoorthy P;Baskaran L;Sankar Ganesh K;Rajasekaran S (Environmental Biology Lab, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Effect of dye industry effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of greengram (Vigna radiata L.). Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(4), 543-7.

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of different concentrations (5, 10,25, 50, and 100%) of textile dye industry effluent on germination and seedling growth of green gram (Vigna radiata L Wiczek) varieties. Germination percentage, seedling length and biomass of six varieties of green gram seedlings were recorded. The dye industry effluent did not show any inhibitory effect on seed germination at lower concentration (10%). But, the higher concentrations beyond 25% suppressed the germination. On the basis of seed germination and growth performance, the green gram varieties have been arranged in the following order, ADT-5<ADT-3<T-9<MI-121<60>K-I l<TMV-4 according to their tolerance to dye industry effluent. From this study it has been reported that the untreated dye industry effluent is toxic even at germination stage. So, it should be treated properly before they are discharged into nearby water bodies. The treated and diluted effluent can be utilized for agricultural irrigation.

2 tables, 28 ref

020318   Sudha P N;Manley Backyavathy D;Sudhakar K (Zoology Dep, Voorhees College, Vellore-632 001) : Effect of the pesticide, malathion on non-target organism, Earthworm Lampito mauritii. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 517-20.

Malathion, a pesticide in the organophosphate chemical family is the most commonly used pesticide in our country. Symptoms of exposure to malathion include headache, nausea, vomiting, burning in eyes, difficulty in breathing and lethargy. Earthworms have been used as biomarkers for assessing chemical environmental pollution. Due to their low cost, easy handling, their direct body contact with the soil and ethical issues related to mammalian studies, earthworms were chosen for the present study. Three doses of malathion 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg soil were used as treated soil. The effect of application of malathion on the earthworm Lampito mauritii was studied for 5,10,15 and 30 days exposure by evaluating the body weight, number of cocoons laid and the hatching efficiency of the cocoons. The results showed that there is a direct dose response relationship with respect to both, the concentration and time of application of malathion. The results have been statistically analysed.

2 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

020317   Sonavane P G;Ranade S V;Munavalli G R (Civil Engineering Dep, Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli-416 415, Email: patya67@yahoo.com) : Potential of Typha latifolia for phosphorous removal in batch constructed wetland. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(4), 553-7.

Eutrophication is a vital issue in India due to unsafe disposal of domestic wastewater containing Phosphorous (P) in water bodies. On the background use of Constructed Wetlands in U.S. and European countries, it seems to be an attractive option to hinder such pollution. In this context, a pilot unit consisting Typha latifolia and stone grit bed media was studied in a batch mode for P - removal in comparison with reference unit. In this study, the batch CWTS demonstrated 4% to 23% P removal during HRT of 1.5 to 7.5 days due to adsorption and plant uptake mechanisms. The Typta plants were found to have uptake of 147.89 kgP/ha.year. The P adsorbed was found to be 0.02 mgP/g stone grit used as bed media during four months of study. The technique may prove to be a viable treatment option for the treatment of P rich wastewater, with further research related with evaluation of different media and wetland plants for their potential application in batch type constructed wetlands.

3 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

020316   Solanki V R;Samba Murthy S;Sabitha Raja S (Zoology Dep, Univ College of Science, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad, Email: Venkataramanaraju@gmail.com) : Ecobiology of Pandu lake in Bodhan Andhra Pradesh, India. Bull envir Sci 2006, 24(2), 181-7.

The objective of this study is to reveal the current situation and find any major problems with the lake. The abiotic& biotic components together account for the trophic status of the water bodies. Limnological studies of Pandu lake Bodhan, were carried out on monthly basis for one year August 2002 to July 2003. Physico-chemical analysis of the lake water reveal high values of phosphates, nitrates besides alkalinity, hardness, chlorides, showing that water of this lake is polluted. To support this presence of polysaprobic zooplankton like Brachionus, Keratella, Monostyla, Proales and Epiphans were confirmed and the rotifers served as pollution indicator.

13 illus, 17 ref

020315   Siddiqui N A;Shukla R N;Ziauddin A (NO, Petroleum and Energy Studies Univ, Dehradun) : Environmental impact assessment (EIA) for a water resource project. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(4), 707-11.

Environmental Impact Assessment concept in India came in the year 1994 and amendment in the notification about three times is the clear indication that concerned people and organization are not taking a breathe after introducing Environmental Impact Assessment in India. They are constantly monitoring and taking corrective action to make this Environmental Impact Assessment concept a real working tool to protect the environment. Recognition of EIA consultant and organization through "quality Council of India''/NRBPT cell is also one step ahead to stop entry of unethical people mushrooming as EIA consultant. In view of the impacts that the Hydal Power Plant industry has on the environment, it is necessary to conduct detailed Environmental Impact Assessment studies by collecting the baseline data and identifying, predicting and evaluating the potential impacts based on which a. sound environmental management plan can be evolved. This will enable the project authorities to take necessary steps for safeguarding the environmental quality in the surrounding. In this paper an attempt has been made to highlight the important step of conducting Environmental Impact Assessment for a Water Resource Project.

3 tables, 2 ref

020314   Shyamala G;Shivanand K P;Suresh Babu S (Civil Engineering Dep, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Tamil Nadu) : Preliminary report on the physico-chemical nature of water pollution in and around Erode town, Tamil Nadu. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 555-9.

The pollutant samples ere collected from the drains of 11 stations each at the banks of River Cauvery and Kalingarayan canal to analyse physico-chemical characteristics. The data clearly revealed the pollution pattern and magnitude of pollutant load in the study area. The quality of pollutants and possible suggestions to minimize the pollution hazards have been discussed.

2 tables, 17 ref

020313   Sharma R (Zoology Dep, Govt. College, Ajmer-305 001) : Quality of rain water harvested at roof level and in some ponds of Ajmer disrict, Rajasthan. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 521-4.

Rain water samples were collected at roof level at Pushkar and Budha Pushkar during July, 2007. Water samples were also collected from 2 ponds around in Ajmer district. Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters were analysed. Roof water was found to be pure and free from bacteriological contamination. Pond water is turbid and has high iron content with objectionable bacteriological pollution load, collection of roof water for drinking purpose was found to be encouraging. Pond water needs treatment before use.

2 tables, 10 ref

020312   Santhosh S;Sobha V;Prijilal K G;Chandra Thara J (Environmental Sciences Dep, Kerala Univ, Karyavattom Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala-695 581) : Some aspects of the sediments of Paravur canal with special reference to the retting acivity, Kollam (Dist), Southern Kerala. Bull envir Sci 2006, 24(2), 109-14.

Paravur and Edava-Nadayara backwater are two largest backwater systems in southern state of Kerala. A canal having a length of 2.45 km, namely Paravur canal, connects these two backwaters. This mainly deals with the pH, organic carbon and nutrients status of Paravur canal during the period from January 1999 to June 1999 and their influence on the water quality. Present study revealed that the nutrients status of bottom sediments is influenced by the retting and other anthropogenic activities. And its effects adversely affect to the quality and composition of water. The investigation includes the analysis of organic carbon, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorous and potassium.

2 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

020311   Santhosh S;Sobha V;Prijilal K G;Chandra Thara J (Environmental Sciences Dep, Kerala Univ, Kariavattom Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala-695 581) : Water quality assessment of paravur canal with special reference to various environmental problems. Bull envir Sci 2006, 24(2), 101-7.

Paravur canal is the connecting link between the two largest backwater systems of Southern Kerala viz, the Paravur Kayal and the Edava- Nadayara backwaters. This canal having a length of 2.89 Km is now facing serious environmental deterioration due to various anthropogenic activities. This paper reveals the physico-chemical characteristics of Paravur canal based on the investigations done from January 1999 to June 1999. Depending upon the various pollution sources, four different stations were selected for the monthly collection of water samples, of which one station was taken as a control site. In the study minimum pollution was reported at the control station which was near the bar mouth where the Ithikkara river joins the canal and maximum pollution at the retting zone (Station III).

2 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

020310   Sakhala S;Deshpande J (Environmental Sciences Dep, S.B.E.S. COllege of Science, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Biotrearment of sugar factory effluent. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(2), 153.

1 ref

020309   Rohankar P H;Kulkarni K M (Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Govt. Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati) : Biochemical changes in the snail Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck) under toxic stress of sumicidin. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(2), 123-6.

The glycogen, protein and lipid levels were studied in body tissues of B. bengalensis under pesticidal application of lethal and sublethal doses of synthetic pyrethroidal pesticide-sumicidin. All these constituents decreased significantly suggesting a rapid breakdown of glycogen, protein and lipid in energy metabolism under toxic stress.

3 tables, 20 ref

020308   Ratnakar P U;Kulkarni A N (P.G. Dep of Zoology and Fishery Science, N.E.S. Science College, Nanded-431 605) : Toxicity of 'Henko' to Lamlliudens marginalis. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(2), 157.

7 ref

020307   Prasad R N;Ram Chandra;Tiwari K K (Chemistry Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004) : Status of groundwater quality of lalsot urban area in Dausa district, Rajasthan. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 377-84.

Management of groundwater resource is determined by its accessibility and utility in terms of quantity and quality. The results of chemical analysis for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (TA), calcium (Ca⁺²), magnesium (Mg²⁺), sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), chloride (Cl^-), nitrate (NO₃^-), sulphate (SO₄^-) and fluoride (F^-) of 18 water samples collected from Lalsot urban area in Dausa district are presented. Based on the results, certain parameters like sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and percent sodium (% Na) were also calculated. Statistical analyses have been carried out using chemical data to classify geo-chemical evaluation of the aquifer system based on the ionic constituents. Salinity and nitrate contamination are the two major problems in the area, which is alarming considering the use of this water for drinking. The major factors influencing the water quality are local geo-chemical formation, water-rock interaction, flow direction of groundwater and rainfall that control the overall mineralization.

2 illus, 5 tables, 21 ref

020306   Pawale R G;Wavde P N;Kalyankar S N (Environmental Science Dep, Pune Univ, Pune-411 007) : Potability studies of drinking water in villages of Aundha, Hingoli district, Maharashtra, India. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 549-54.

Iron is an essential trace metal, required as a constituent of oxygen carrying and oxidative-reductive micro-molecules such as haemoglobin, myoglobin and cytochrome. Amongst various components, iron is an important trace metal required for all biological systems. Owing to the universal presence of fluoride in earth's crust, all waters contain fluoride in varying concentrations. Fluoride is an element of high biological activity and has a tendency to accumulate in organisms, making detrimental effects in very low and high levels of exposure. Inorganic nitrogen may exist in the free state as nitrogen gas, or as nitrate, nitrite or ammonia. Nitrate represents the highest oxidized form of nitrogen. Many groundwaters have significant quantities of nitrates due to leaching of nitrate with the percolating water. Iron, fluoride and nitrate concentration along with temperature and colour, in the drinking water from some villages of Aundha taluka of Hingoli District were studied monthly during January to June 2005. The samples were analysed with standard methods and observed results were compared with prescribed limits set by WHO and ICMR.

2 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

020305   Patel K C;Patel K P;Patel B K;Ramani V P (Micronutrient Project (ICAR), B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural Univ, Anand-388 110) : Effect of sewage irrigation on heavy metal contamination and soil fertility status in soils of peri urban area of Vadodara, (Gujarat). Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(4), 523-7.

The sewage irrigated soils of peri urban area nearby Vadodara city was surveyed to know the heavy metals contamination and nutrient status of sewage irrigated fields. The soils were found alkaline in reaction with build up of soil salinity besides increase in organic carbon, available P and K as well as micronutrients (Fe.Zn) over tube well irrigated soils of adjoining area. The contents of P, K,S, micronutrients as well as heavy metals were more concentrated in upper 30 cm depth in both the soils.Amongthe metals, DTPA-Fe (r = 0.657**), Cu (r = 0.637**) and Pb (r = 0.739*) showed positive correlation with organic carbon in sewage irrigated soil. The average available and total contents of heavy metals viz., Pb, Co and Ni were also higher in sewage irrigated soils than adjacent tube well irrigated soils. The findings of the present investigation emphasize the contamination of soils in pen urban areas especially with heavy metals viz., Pb, Ni and Co which are irrigated with sewage water over the years.

2 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

020304   Onyema I C;Nwankwo D I;Owolabi K O (Marine Sciences Dep, Lagos Akoka Univ, Lagos, Nigeria, Email: iconyema@yahoo.com.au) : Temporal and spatial changes in the phytoplankton dynamics at the Tarkwa-bay jetty in relation to environmental characteristics. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(4), 507-14.

Phytoplankton composition and abundance variation at the Tarkwa-bay jetty was investigated for six months (July - December, 2004) in relation to environmental characteristics. Tidal sea water inflow and rain events were key factors governing the hydrology and water chemistry characteristics of the area. The phytoplankton species encountered were pointers to the water status which reflected its proximity to the sea and its influence. Four classes of phytoplankton were identified, the Bacillariophyta (48 taxa), Dinophyceae (4 taxa), Chlorophyceae (3 taxa) and Cy-anophyceae (2 taxa). Furthermore, the micro-flora recorded were chiefly neritic species. It is possible that the reduced species diversity recorded comparative to other similar studies in the region could be a reflection of the effect of stresses from habour related activities and refined oil discharges in the area. High tidal activities in the area may be helping to prevent the retention of waste ladenned water by eventual flow-dilution to the sea.

4 tables, 41 ref

020303   Omana P K;Mahesh Mohan (Chemical Science Div, Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, Email: omanapk54@rediffmail.com) : New mercury pollution threat to aquatic ecosystems of India-an example from Kerala. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(4), 789-94.

Mercury pollution in India has become a new environmental threat as the country has been identified as the biggest consumer of mercury and the amount releasing in to its environment is between 172.5 to 200 tonnes every year. In this study Total mercury (THg) was ana lysed for water, sediment and fish samples from the Vembanad wetland, near shore areas and adjoining river systems during February 2004 to March 2005. The highest concentration showed in water and sediment was 130 ng/L and 12.2 ng/g respectively. The study envisages the need for initiating better scientific investigations to take bold steps against mercury use in our country.

2 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

020302   Njoku K L;Akinola M O;Oboh B O (Environmental Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology and Genetics Dep, Lagos Univ, Akoka Lagos Nigeria) : Does crude oil effect the pH, moisture and organic matter content of soils?. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(4), 731-6.

Investigates the changes in the levels of pH, moisture and organic matter contents of soil contaminated with crude oil for 105 days. The soil moisture content increased as the days of study increased and soil organic matter content decreased as the period of study increased. The effect of days of study on the pH diminished after day 63.A high positive correlation (p = 0.621) exists between the pH of the contaminated soil and the concentration of the crude oil added to the soil and the correlation between the pH of the contaminated soils and the days of sampling is low (p = 0.238). Although a high positive correlation (p = 0.767) exists between the concentration of crude oil added to the soil and the percentage organic matter content of the soil, a negative correlation (p = -0.237) exists between the percentage organic matter content of the soil and the days of sampling. The implication of the decrease on the organic matter content with the increase in the period of study is that the coagulation of the soil due to crude oil pollution reduces as the period of the exposure of soils to crude oil pollution increases. The low moisture levels of the polluted soil indicate that due to crude oil pollution less dissolved materials will be available for plant uptake and subsequent metabolism. The pH range observed in the study implies that crude oil pollutions makes the soil to acidic thereby increasing the toxicity of the soil. The increase in soil toxicity the less availability of materials like nutrients and the high coagulation of soil particles due to crude oil pollution are the major causes of poor growth of plants in crude oil polluted soil.

3 illus, 24 ref

020301   Nanda M;Shivhare U;Kshetrapal M (Chemistry Dep, Govt. Girls P.G. College, Bilaspur, Chhatisgarh) : Effect of industrial waste disposal on the water quality of river Arpa in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(4), 535-41.

The quality of Arpa river water has deteriorated badly due to industrial effluents and domestic sewage. The water quality of river Arpa was determined based on the analysis of different physicochemical parameters during the period from January 2004 to December 2004. The study revealed a fluctuating behaviour of different parameters throughout the study period. From the study it is concluded that physicochemical parametres of the water shows the values above the WHO, BIS, and CPCB standards and it will have deleterious effect on all aquatic flora and fauna of Arpa river, if proper effulent treatment is not maintained.

8 tables, 11 ref

020300   Mali D S;Ranade S V (Civil Engineering Dep, Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli, Maharashtra) : Biocomposting of concentrated distillery spent wash. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 479-82.

Dark colour, low pH and high organic load characterize the distillery waste called as spent wash. If spent wash is disposed off in environment without proper treatment it poses threat to it. Out of available treatment options aerobic composting of spent wash is one of the best options. The by-products of sugar industry such as press mud and bagasse were used as filler materials. The experiments were carried out in plastic containers of 20-L capacity. The press mud and bagasse were mixed in 5:1 proportion. The spent wash was added to this mixture till the moisture content was approximately 70%. The seeding was done with the help of Farm Yard Manure (FYM). The aeration was done manually by overturning the contents for 30 days at the interval of one day. The samples were analysed for temperature of composting mass, moisture content, organic carbon, nitrogen, pH, COD, chlorides and conductivity. Reloading of spent wash was done to maintain the moisture content. It was observed that the rate of reaction was higher at the initial stages of composting. The increase in temperature was observed at the initial stage, which went on decreasing as composting of the mass was completed.

4 tables, 7 ref

020299   Machiraju P V S;Murthy Y L N;Srinivasa Rao V (Chemistry Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Selective characterization and impact analysis of liquid paper industry effluent. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 483-7.

The treated effluent water from paper industry has an alkaline pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the observed values indicate that, it affects the aerobic respiration of organisms and hence not suitable for aqua-culture application. Residual sodium carbonate (RSC) values observed for the treated liquid effluent sample suggest its suitability for irrigation purposes.

4 tables, 15 ref

020298   Khapekar R R;Nandkar P B;Deshpande S V (NO, Jagat Arts Commerce and I.H.P. Science College, Goregaon, Dist. Gondia, Maharashtra, Email: dr.khapekar@gmail.com) : Effect of thermal power station on aquatic ecosystems. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(4), 549-51.

In thermal power stations, surplus heat is produced as a result of energy production. About 15% surplus heat is discarded directly into the atmosphere through the flue gas. The reminder is rejected from the condenser through cooling water leading to physico-chemical and biological changes in the surrounding environment. The changes in temperature of receiving water bodies through surplus heat cause adverse impact, which changes the utility and productivity of organisms. The coal fired Thermal Power Station (TPS) releasing huge amounts of fly ash mixed with water into the aquatic environments. This may gradually lead to deterioration of such ecosystem. Discharges of oil from TPS also have adverse impact on aquatic ecosystem. The aim of present study is to discuss the effects of TPS on aquatic ecosystems.

9 ref

020297   Kesharwani S;Sharma J;Mandloi A K;Dube K K (Zoology Dep, Govt. M.H. College of H.Sc. & Sc. for Women, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh) : Physico-chemical studies of Amkhera pond and impact of its water quality on zooplankton. Bull envir Sci 2006, 24(2), 189-94.

Zooplankton are good indicators of changes in water quality, because they are strongly affected by environmental conditions and responds quickly to changes in water quality. Thus, the diversity and population dynamics of zooplankton is under control of number of factors like immediate physico-chemical environment, trophic status, pollution influence and all types of interactions among biotic communities. (Surve et al. 2004). The present paper deals with the study of monthly variations in the zooplankton population and their correlation with some physico-chemical characteristics of Amkhera pond water.

3 ables, 17 ref

020296   Jain M;Jain P;Jain N;Pandey A (NO, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, Email: mona_raj_2004@yahoo.com) : Physico chemical study and assessment of quantitative generation of hospital waste at Khan Shakir Ali Khan hospital Bhopal. J Ultra Chem 2008, 4(1), 35-8.

Waste which is generated during the medical research work, production and testing of biological diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human being and animals termed as "hospital waste" Improper handling and management of Hospital waste can spread infection and pollute air, water and soil. When infections hospital waste mixed with general non infections waste or municipal waste it makes the whole waste infectious Improper treatment of infectious hospital waste can also spread infection and communicable diseases among the hospital employees, patients municipal workers and general public. Hospital waste can also cause diseases like AIDS, hepatitis B & C, skin infection etc. Reuse of disposable items, needles,,catheters, IV-sets and dialysis sets is also a major problem which must be solved within time. So it is important to adopt proper scientific methods of waste handling, management and its safe disposal or recycling. Discussing the problem of hospital waste management in Bhopal city and management strategy to be adopted to solve this problem.

1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

020295   Gupta P;Jain M;Jain P;Tiwari D R (Applied Chemistry Dep, MANIT Bhopal, INIA) : Versatile potential monitoring of heavy metals in drug industry effluent at Mandideep (Raisen) India. J Ultra Chem 2008, 4(1), 147-9.

Drug Industries effluents of contain medicinal and organic compounds which inflict the deterioration of the water quality. Pharmaceutical Industrial effluents endanger the aquatic environment and the flora and fauna. Effluents of drug industries contain toxic and hazardous compounds when partially treated or untreated effluent discharge into water reservoir the pharmaceutical compounds's comes in water sources which are undesirable because these have toxic characters and create aesthetic problems. In Mandideep industrial area near Bhopal, numerous drug and chemical industries are established. Effluents of these industries are responsible for increasing the heavy metal load on water reservoir. If the present situation continues result may be dangerous. The effluents of drug industries have been analyzed to observe the effect on water qualities, during the whole study span. It is found that the amount of heavy metals was higher than the permissible limits prescribed by BIS (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.

^ssc8 ref

020294   Gupta P;Jain M;Jain P;Tiwari D R (Applied Chemistry Dep, MANIT Bhopal, Bhopal, Email: pallavi_gupta91@yahoo.com) : Impact of chemical liquid waste on water quality and its treatment. J Ultra Chem 2008, 4(1), 77-80.

Chemical liquid waste of drug industries contain total coliform (TC) and drug resistance bacteria (DRB). In present study chemical waste is analyzed to determine the total coliform (TC) and drug resistance Bacteria (DRB). Sample were collected from industries outlets, which adjoin in municipal nails and near by and treatment plants situated at mandideep. During sampling, preservation and analysis of samples standard method prescribed by APHA were followed maximum counts of TC (29 X10⁵) reported at after confluence of industrial waste in waste reservoir, while minimum number of TC (15 X 10⁵) was reported before confluence of drain with water reservoir. DRB increased when chemical effluent mixed with water reservoir.

2 illus, 7 ref

020293   Goswami S;Saha T K (Zoology Dep, Annada College, Hazaribag, Jharkhand) : Spatial variation in primary productivity of River Damodar at Jharia (Jharkhand) and Raniganj (West Bengal), India. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 441-6.

In the study 16 sampling stations were selected in River Damodar at Jharia and Raniganj. Primary productivity of water was determined by light and dark bottle method. Seasonal variations of gross primary productivity (GPP) net primary productivity (NPP) were determined. Spatial variations in productivity level and dissimilarity coefficient were determined by using chord distance for different seasons. Regression model was determined to estimate role of major phytoplankton groups for the production. Cluster analysis was done for placing similar or statistically related stations into one group.

1 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref

020292   George A V;Koshy M (Chemistry Dep, Christian College, Chengannur, Kerala) : Drinking water quality of packaged water samples, sold in and around Chengannur municipal town of Alappuzha district of Kerala. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(1), 93-8.

Physico chemical and bacteriological characteristics of the water quality of different brands of water samples packaged in polythene one litre bottles sold in different regions in an around Chengannur were collected during the months (March to May). The Physico chemical and bacteriological parameters were estimated in the laboratory following standard methods of APHA, 1992. Out of the ten brands studied six brands had all the parameters with in desirable limits, four brands had some parameter above desirable limits and none had any parameter above permissible limits.

3 tables, 18 ref

020291   Fotedar A;Verma R K;Fotedar B K (NO, G.G.M. Science College, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir) : Physico-chemical studies of the waterbodies in and around Shivkhori area, Jammu Himalaya, in relation to geology of the area. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 489-99.

The waters of Shivkhori stream, Raunra Tawi khad and Thanna Tawi khad stream of Kalakot area, Rajouri district, J&K state were subjected to analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for elements Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr. All the elements except Si and Al were present within permissible limits in all the samples according to Bureau of Indian Standards and WHO. Aluminium is objectionable in four out of the 15 samples analysed, and silicon is present more than the permissible limits in all the samples. A good afforestation programme together with adopting Vetiver technology in the watershed areas of the region will screen out many of the elements including Al and Si not to enter the solution of the waters. Nitrates, sulphates, chlorides, bicarbonates, TDS and total hardness (TH) are all within the prescribed limits, and hence with respect to all these parameters, the waters are safe to be used for human consumption and also for agricultural use. SAR and SSP values of all the samples are within the prescribed limits, and hence the waters cannot be considered to create any harm as far as agricultural use is concerned. The waters of all the three streams are recommended to be subjected to chlorine/bromine disinfection to render the same safe for human consumption. Last, but not the least, attention needs to be paid towards bad sanitation prevailing near the banks of all the streams, which needs to be improved upon.

1 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

020290   Etiuma R A;Uwah I E;Etiuma A U (Chemistry Dep, Calabar Univ, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria, Email: raetiuma@yahoo.com) : Indoor NO₂ sampling in the hostels of a university campus in Calabar, South-Eastern Nigeria. J Ultra Chem 2008, 4(1), 47-52.

Measurement of NO₂ in different indoor hostels environments was carried out. Crowcon portable Gasman automatic monitor was used for the monitoring. The highest NO₂ concentration of 0.267 ppm was obtained in hostels 4 and 8 while the lowest concentration of 0.133 was obtained in a first floor room in hostel 5. The FEPA limit of 0.016ppm for NO2 was exceeded in all the locations sampled in this study. Levels obtained in this study therefore suggest the need for urgent intervention. However, the outdoor concentration of NO₂ around the hotels was almost the same as that obtained indoors. This suggests high penetration of indoors of outdoor NO₂.

2 tables, 24 ref

020289   Ekta Singh;Singh M P;Singh N P (Botany & Environmental Science Dep, T.D.P.G. College, V.B.S. Purvanchal Univ, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Econometric analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in drain water water in Jaunpur municipal area with special reference to the market value of the corresponding fertilizers. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2008, 34(1), 87-92.

India has many localized areas where water pollution creates situations not only hazardous to health but also injurious to the economy in several ways. In developed countries the waste water consisting of industrial effluents, domestic sewage, thermal and radioactive pollutants, sludges of municipal and other pollutants receives some sort of treatment before it get mixed in water bodies. If these urban sewage will be recycled and reused, it can generate cheaper fuel gas and electricity. Treatment of sewage yields irrigation water that contains all the essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium that makes it a good fertilizer. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to focus some light on the economic potentiality of the three sewer-nutrients flowing wastefully through drain water at two different sites of Jaunpur municipal area. The market values of their corresponding fertilizers have also been calculated to prove that the dirty water is economically a 'Black Diamond'.

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

020288   Dharwadkar S N;Sannadurgappa D;Hippargi M S; Rajamma J B (Environmental Science Laboratory, Zoology Dep, K.L. E's. S. Nijalingappa College, Bangalore-560 010) : Acute toxicity and antagonism of arsenic trioxide and sodium selenite to Cyprinus carpio (Common carp). Bull envir Sci 2006, 24(2), 209-14.

The acute toxicity of arsenic trioxide, acute toxicity of sodium selenite, (individually) and antagonism of arsenic trioxide and sodium selenite, ( Arsenic -Selenium Interactions in mixture toxicity to 38 day old fish (fingerlings) were investigated as mg/l. The acute toxicity test was carried out for a period of 96 hr following every 24 hr static renewal bioassay tests. Mortality rate was recorded for the juveniles (38 day old fish), till the end of the experiment when exposed to arsenic trioxide. The mortality rate was high initially. However it stabilized with increased exposure period and metalloid concentration. The LC₅₀ values and their confidence limits for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr were 70, 60, 45 and 35 mg/l and the confidence limits were 68.35-72.14, 57.05-61.15, 44.41-47.90 and 33.92-41.02 respectively. The same procedure was adopted for the exposure to sodium selenite. The LC₅₀ values and confidence limits were 51, 45, 38 and 25 mg/1 respectively and the confidence limits were 49.02-54.41, 42 25-47.87, 37.47-40.21 and 23.57-30.31 respectively. The mixture toxicity of arsenic trioxide and sodium selenite, was carried out in the same manner. The juveniles were tolerant to this mixture in which Na2SeOs concentration was kept constant at it's, LCso, and As₂O3 concentration was varied. The LC₅₀ values and confidence limits for 24, 48, 72 and 96-hr were 160, 120, 96 and 66 mg/l -and 151.33-170.23, 109.21-135.11, 88.01-107.21 and, 50.18-80.31 respectively. The additive index and the magnification factor was calculated. The additive indices were found to be -0.780, -0.7853, -0.7857 and -0.8155 respectively and the toxicity was reduced to 0.221, 0.2147, 0.2414 and 0.1845 at 24, 48, 72 and 96-hr respectively.

5 tables, 22 ref

020287   Deepak Kumar;Rekha Rani;Ranjan R;Sinha S P; Sharma S (Chemistry Dep, M.U. Bodh, Gaya-824 234) : Water quality index of Falgu river in and around Gaya town. Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(1), 123-7.

In order to know the potability of Falgu river water, the sample of water of the river were collected from four sites for four months i.e, from September, 2007 to December 2007 and were analysed for pollution parameters like pH, hardness, alkalinity, Dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), BOD, Calcium, Magnesium and Chloride. These parameters were used to calculate the water quality rating and water quality index. All the parameters were found within the permissible limits except dissolved oxygen (DO) which was found below the prescribed standard. The study shows that water quality index increases from upstream to low stream along the town area. However, the river water at all the four sites was found safe for human consumption.

3 tables, 13 ref

020286   Chhetri R B (Environmental Science and Engineering Dep, Kathmandu Univ, Dhulikhel, P.O. No. 6250, Kathmandu, Nepal) : Wall vegetation in Kavrepalanchowk district, Nepal. Indian J For 2008, 31(4), 553-8.

Attempt was made to document the occurrence of herbs, shrubs and trees on the man made habitats like protection and retention, walls in Kavrepalanchowk district of Nepal. Rresenti study resulted in collecting 108 species of plants belonging to 82 genera under 32 families, Majority of them being angiosperinous dicotyledon and monocotyledon plants. Petridophytes are minumum and gymnosperms are absent. Herbaceous species dominate in frequency, density and species diversity. Trees are much stunted in growth whereas herbs and shrubs are in normal growth condition.

2 tables, 18 ref

020285   Chauhan K P S;Kadam D S;Singh N K (Chemistry Dep, S.M.S. Govt. Model Science College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh) : Chemical analysis of ground water collected from rural areas of Mehgao block (district Bhind, M.P.). J Ultra Chem 2008, 4(1), 91-4.

The ground water day by day get deteriorate or polluted due to contamination of chemicals as well as fertilizer, which comes form Factories, and big farms as well as domestic effluents. The major ions which are responsible to maintain the quality of ground water are carbonate and bicarbonate. Chloride, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, fluoride. These ions are present in anionic form. The cation and anion must be equal to maintain the quality of water cation such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺,Na⁺ and K⁺ are also present in ground water in form of hardness and salinity. 10 water samples are collected from Mehgao block (Bhind District) for pre-mansoon season (April to June 2005) The ionic concentration is expressed in mg/L.

21 ref

020284   Chauhan A;Joshi P C (Zoology and Environmental Sciences Dep, Gurukula Kangri Univ, Hardwar-249 404) : Effect of ambient air pollution on photosynthetic pigments of some selected trees in urban area. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(4), 529-33.

Gases and particulates pollutants emitted from automobiles and industries adversely affect the various trees at the edge of roadside. Chlorophyll 'a' content, chlorophyll 'b' content, total chlorophyll content and carotenoid decreased in Grevillea robusta A. Cunn., Eucalyptus citriodora Hook., Cassia fistula L. and Ficus bengalensis L. at polluted site as compared to their control site. There was maximum (25.83%) reduction of chlorophyll 'a' content in the leaves of selected trees viz., Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. and minimum (18.80%) reduction was in the leaves of Ficus bengalensis L. while maximum (22.58%) carotenoids was depleted in Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, and minimum (9.56%) depleted in Cassia fistula L. at polluted site as compared to control site. The maximum (28.66%) reduction of ascorbic acid was observed in the leaves of Cassia fistula L and minimum (10.57%) reduction was observed in the leaves of Ficus bengalensis L.

2 tables, 25 ref

020283   Chatterjee C;De A (Environmental Research Laboratory, Raniganj Girls' College, Raniganj-713 347) : Impact of anthropogenic activities on drinking water quality: a case study in Raniganj coalfield area (W.B.). Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 451-9.

Present study reveals that the quality of groundwater is not safe for drinking in Raniganj coalfield area. The reasons for the deterioration of groundwater quality can be attributed mainly to lack of proper sanitation and intrusion of raw sewage into the groundwaters. The water quality parameters of supply water on the other hand, are within the permissible limits of drinking water standards. As such, it is suggested that use of raw groundwater for drinking purpose should be discouraged.

5 illus, 10 tables, 26 ref

020282   Bhandarkar N K;Kekare M B;Champanerkar P; Vaidya V V (Industrial Coordination Centre, Ramarain Ruia College, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Determination of heavy metals from Bauhinia variegata using inductively coupled plasma technique. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(3), 569-70.

Many mineral elements occur in animal and plant tissues in very minute quantities, which earlier were unable to be measured precisely by analytical methods then available. Modern analytical technique like inductively coupled plasma has the ability to measure almost all the trace elements in smallest of biological samples with great precision and accuracy. There is also a need for heavy metal analysis to be an integral part of the standardization of herbal medicine. Bauhinia variegata has been used against various ailments of which leucoderma, leprosy and asthma are few to name. Five common heavy metals As, Cr, Mg, Pb and Zn were analysed by inductively coupled plasma in whole plant powder of Bauhinia variegata, and magnesium was found to have the highest concentration.

1 table, 7 ref