022205   Sarkar A (Zoology Dep, Agra College, Agra-282 002, Email: amieeta@gmail.com) : Status of sarus crane Grus antigone antigone in relation to the status of wetlands of Mainpuri (Uttar Pradesh), India. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(1), 261-4.

District Mainpuri lies about 125 Km from Agra (U.P.). It has many wetlands, thus it serves as a habitat for many wetland birds including Sarus Crane. Sarus Crane is found in the northern, central and north-eastern parts of India. It is the 'state bird' of Uttar Pradesh. The Sarus Crane (Grus antigone) is a large non-migratory crane. Five study sites of wetlands were selected in Mainpuri for study,viz Markandeshwar, Bhamwat canal, Sauj, Saman bird sanctuary and Krithua. Saman bird sanctuary is situated in Mainpuri; which provides good habitat for birds. Their population is declining and requires attention.

5 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

022204   Jasmine B;Singh Y;Onial M;Mathur V B (Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, Email: bibajasmine@gmail.com) : Traditional knowledge systems in India for biodiversity conservation. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(2), 304-12.

The term 'Traditional Knowledge' (TK), also used reciprocally with indigenous knowledge, is used to describe any indigenous knowledge, innovation, or custom, tradition of local communities that is important in protection, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and various traditions. TK is vital to the food security and health of millions of people and is developed and passed on from generation to generation in the form of accounts, songs, cultural values, local languages, customs and customary practices, healing arts, and agricultural practices, for the collective good of the communities. It closely interlinks cultural and biological diversity, forming an essential basis for the conservation and sustainable use of global biodiversity. Also within the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the contracting States have undertaken to respect and promote TK and to make it locally accessible. This paper entails information related to various initiatives, programs, plans and India's progress towards Aichi Biodiversity Target 18 of the Strategic Plan of Biodiversity 2020 and discusses meaningful integration of TK of indigenous and local communities into Biodiversity Conservation. The details were compiled by undertaking an extensive review of the literature, scientific papers, reports and articles. The presented information was collected as part of the preparation of the India's Fifth National Report (NR5) to the CBD.

45 ref

022203   Bhupathy S;Jins V J;Babu S;Jose J (Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatti (PO), Coimbatore-641 108) : Distribution and conservation status of the caenophidian snake, Xylophis captaini Gower & Winkler, 2007 in the Western Ghats, India. Curr Sci 2016, 110(5), 908-12.

We update the distribution of the little known Captain's Wood Snake (Xylophis captaini) in the Western Ghats, based on new observations and collation of the literature. The Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm was used to predict the distribution of the species, which showed potential sites south of 10°N and elevations between 50 and 1000 m amsl. Xylophis captaini is listed as 'Least Concern' under IUCN criteria, and we suggest the possible elevation of its status to the 'Near-Threatened' category on account of its narrow distributional range and general lack of data on its ecology. The present study highlights the utility of niche models in assessing the distribution of cryptic and little known species in biodiversity-rich areas such as the Western Ghats.

4 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

022202   Baral D;Verma A (Zoology Dep, VBU, Hazaribag, Email: debjyotibaral@gmail.com) : Biodiversity conservation by promoting ecotourism-A case study on Gawai dam, Bokaro Steel City. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(1), 265-7.

The present investigation was carried out to study the local and migratory species of animals in Gawai dam and their conservation by promoting ecotourism. Gawai dam is a good picnic spot near Pindrajora on Purulia road. It is not only the popular picnic spot but also the destination for few species of migratory birds like Gadwall. It is also the home and breeding site for the Alexandrine parakeet (reported as endangered species in September 2013). A few species of insects and plants; present there could be the point of attraction for the entomologists and botanists. Local people use some of these plants for medicinal purpose. But this dam was heavily damaged on 13th October 2013, and the side walls of the dam got broken resulting into the disturbance of ecology of that area. Also the pollution created by the people coming for picnic by spreading the non-biodegradable substances is a major threat for this area. If the process of declination of flora and fauna continues in the same rate, then in near future, it will lose all its ecological.

1 illus, 6 ref

020190   Sanjeev Kumar;Seema Kumar (NO, Desert Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: dr.kumarsanjeev@gmail.com) : Sighting record of oriental honey buzzard; Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821) from sun city Jodhpur, Rajasthan. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 405-8.

The aves are one of the most diverse and versatile class of the animal kingdom due to their colourful variance and powerful ability to fly. The Buzzard family Accipitridae is an important family of the order Falconiformes of Aves. They are the most fascinating raptors among all. The present paper records the sighting of Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821) from Jodhpur for the first time.

1 table, 20 ref

020189   Jaipal B R (Zoology Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Email: brjaipal.jnvu@gmail.com) : Feeding habit of desert fox (Vulpes vulpes Pusilla) in the desert national risk of Rajasthan, India. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 275-77.

Desert fox (Vulpes vulpes pusilla) is distributed in western desert areas of Indian subcontinent. It is listed with schedule-II of Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. In recent decades, it was a very common animal in the desert but now its number has declined to an alarming state. This omnivorous animal feeds upon insects, scorpion, lizards, snakes, birds, eggs, rodents, seeds and fruits of Ziziphus nummularia, Salvadora persica, Prosopis cineraria, Capparis decidua, Cucumis melo, Citrullus lanatus, Grewia tenax etc. A study was conducted on its feeding behavior using scat analysis technique during 2008-2012. A total of 100 scat samples were collected from three study areas at Desert National Park (Sanctuary) i.e. Sudasari, Khuri and Kanoi. These samples were analyzed using direct observation technique in laboratory. About 58% parts were found to be plant material which included seeds, grasses, leaves, seeds of fruits of Ziziphus nummularia, Salvadora persica, Prosopis cineraria, Capparis decidua, and Prosopis juliflora. In summers the plant contents were higher than the winters. 49% scat samples were found to contain hairs followed by 27% containing feathers of birds and 17% with bones of mammals, birds and reptiles, whereas, 7% was found containing romance of Arthropods. A need has been concluded for conserving this endangered species by checking its habitat loss so that ecobalance of prey-predator relationship would be maintained in the desert.

2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

019120   Nawar K;Sharma O P (Botany P.G. Dep, Govt. College, Bundi (Rajasthan), Email: kapil.nawar@yahoo.com) : Rare and threatened taxa of Ramgarh vishdhari wild life sanctuary district Bundi (Rajasthan). Adv Pl Sci 2015, 28(2), 193-4.

The present manuscript explored the rare and threatened plant species in Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life Sanctuary of Bundi district (Rajasthan). Taking regular visits in different seasons 26 plant species of rare type have been recorded in the region.

9 ref

019119   Bakhtin R F (NO, The Shukshin Altai State Academy of Education, 53, Korolenko Street, Biysk, Altai Territory, 659333, Russian Federation) : On the problem of nesting tress preferred by Milvus migrans in the forest belts of the south of Western Siberia. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2015, 12(3), 2427-31.

The paper presents the data about Black Kite nesting in forest belts in the South of Western Siberia in the Altai territory. The length of the studied plantations was 50 km. In the study, 72 nesting trees of this predator were identified. Black Kites' preferences in selecting the specie of testing trees, its ontogenetic state, trunk thickness and tree strength were tested with the use of Ivlev-Jacobs selectivity index. The results have showed that the most preferred for nesting tree species in forest belts are poplar Populus sp. (selectivity index 0.5), birch Betula sp. occupied in proportion to their abundance (-0.02), while pine Pinus silvestris and maple Acer sp. are ignored to various degrees. By the ontogenetic state, middle-aged generative trees (0.74) are preferred, and old generative trees (-0.18) are ignored to a certain degree. In respect to the diameter of nesting trees' trunks, trees 31-40 cm in diameter are preferred (0.23). In proportion to their abundance, trees 21-30 cm in diameter are used (-0.04). Trees with other trunk thickness are ignored to various degrees, up to being totally avoided. The most preferred for nesting in forest belts are the trees with the index of power of 1.6-2 (0.31). Trees with the index of 1.1 to 1.5, and 2.1 to 2.5 are used approximately in proportion to their abundance (-0.02 and -0,07, respectively), and trees with the values of this index more than 2.6 and less than 1 are almost or completely ignored.

6 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

018113   Khan K A;Khan J A (Wildlife Sciences Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: khursid.amu@gmail.com) : Status, abundance and population ecology of nilgai (Boselaphs tragocamelus Pallas) in Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(2), 1080-6.

The data on population ecology of nilgai was collected in Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India from August 2013 to June 2014. A total of 108 herds of nilgai 54 in each season (summer and winter) were encountered, respectively. The density of nilgai was found 0.49/km² in Aligarh district. While the encounter rate was found 0.66 individuals per km. There was a mark seasonal change seen in group size of nilgai i.e. 11.38 ± 2.76, and 22.83 ± 5.40 in winter and summer, respectively. The overall mean group size was found 17.10 ± 4.08. The sex ratio of nilgai was female biased, adult male:adult female ratio was found 1:3 while overall sex ratio was found 61.55%, 26.32% and 44% male, yearling and calves on per 100 females, respectively. The nilgai shows mark seasonal change in their group structure. The group size was found maximum at 25% in 0-5 individual category and minimum 9.25 in <62>21 category in winter, while about 30% were seen in <62>21 category and only 11% were seen in between 0-5 category in summer season. Thus, the nilgai was found less sociable in winter and more gregarious in summer season.

2 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

018112   Kapkoti B;Joshi R K;Rawal R S (Biodiversity Conservation and Management, G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263 643, Email: bhawanakapkoti@yahoo.com) : Variations in the abundance and diversity of insects in apple orchards of Kumaun, Western Himalaya, India. Curr Sci 2016, 110(3), 438-43.

Availability of pollinators in a landscape plays a significant role in pollination success, which is essentially important for crops like apple with high dependence on animal-mediated pollination. Realizing this, to estimate the availability (diversity and density) of insect visitors, including pollinators, the present study included pan trap experiments and transect walks for assessment of foraging resources across eight apple orchards in Kumaun, Western Himalaya, India. It was observed that insects were attracted more towards yellow traps, and availability was highest in summer season. Apple mass flowering during summer, in spite of lower diversity of other foraging resource, helps in maintaining availability of insect groups.

2 illus, 2 tables, 60 ref

018111   Arumugam K;Brinda;Soundrapandiyan; Ramasubramaniyan T (Biodiversity Conservation Foundation, , Trichy, Tamil Nadu, Email: wildlifewardennagapattinam@gmail.com) : Community participation proves to be a conservation measure for bryde's whale. Scient Trans Envir Technovation 2015, 8(4), 212-14.

Conservation of an ecosystem or an individual species has taken a different perspective in this century by community based participation either voluntarily or by a specific management measures. One such volunteered effort by the local stake holders in rescuing a stranded baleen whale (Bryde's whale) has led to a step forward in conservation of the species. Biodiversity Conservation Foundation (BCF) was one among the local stakeholders in an operation to rescue a ballen whale that washed up on Mannavaram swamp of Siruthalaikadu in Vedaranyam, Nagapattinam district on June 30, 2012. Inspite of the initial rescue efforts, the whale had drifted deeper in the marshy waters during night time on June 30, 2012 causing injuries to the whale. However, by the consistent efforts and appreciable coordination of the local commuity, on the following day the whale was moved to a a depth of seven feet into the sea. Such communit driven rescue operation has been highlighted towards successful rescue and reintroduction of the baleem whale (Bryde's whale), which has opened the eyes of researchers to overlook at the different scenario in conservation.

3 illus, 8 ref

016063   Babu S;Karthik T;Srinivas G;Kumara H N (NO, , Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore-641 108, Email: honnavallik@gmail.com) : Linking critical patches of sloth bear Melursus ursinus for their conservation in Meghamalai hills, Western Ghats, India. Curr Sci 2015, 109(8), 1492-8.

Study examines the distribution and factors regulating the sloth bear in a fragmented hills of Meghamalai in Western Ghats through occupancy framework. Indirect evidences were sought over 133 grids of 4 sq. km size between December 2011 and December 2012. Indirect evidences were recorded in 58 of 133 sampled grids that estimated native occupancy of 0.43 (p = 0.3180). Understorey cover negatively affected the detection of indirect evidences. The parsimonious model contained three covariates, viz. tree height, grass cover and anthropogenic disturbance. Overall occupancy of bear was 0.54, which is 25% higher than the native occupancy estimate. The study predicted higher proportion of evergreen forests with intermediate grass cover and less extent of disturbance determines the occupancy of bear in these hills. The 'critical link' connecting Periyar-Agastiyamalai hills and Anamalai hills is still active and supports high suitable sites for bears. It is suggested that Ammagajam-Upper Manalar Contiguity and Critical Link needs to be protected by appending with Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary.

5 illus, 5 tables, 28 ref

015035   Kaumanns W;Singh M (NO, LTM Research and Conservation, 37130 Gleichen, Germany, Email: mewasinghltm@gmail.com) : Towards more individual-based and fitness-oriented captive mammal population management. Curr Sci 2015, 109(6), 1121-9.

Many captive populations of birds and mammals are not likely to reach sustainability due mostly to breeding problems. Identifying the conditions under which breeding problems and poor population growth are likely to occur and establishing more appropriate conditions, therefore, will be a necessary prerequisite for future successful conservation breeding and the long-term survival of captive populations. This article analyses the basic approaches and concepts of management programmes for captive mammals. It discusses and propagates an approach which might help increase the productivity of the populations and decrease the risk of viability problems. Evolutionary biology, ecology and conservation biology provide concepts that propose a critical role of the individual phenotype in the context of evolutionary processes, population development and conservation practice. It is assumed that this is not yet sufficiently reflected in the management of captive mammals and possibly other populations, thus contributing to fitness problems. A more individual-based population management that intends to focus on the 'quality' of the individuals and the individual phenotype therefore is proposed. Individuals have to be managed such that they are phenotypically represented in future generations.

68 ref

014026   Mehala C;Richard Jagatheesan P N;Senthil Kumar P;Paramasivam A;Clement Ebenezer Henry A (Directorate of Centre for Animal Production Studies, Regional Centre, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Pudukkotai-622 004, Email: mehala.c@gmail.com) : Incidence of tibiotarsal rotation and its effect on production performance in emu birds. Indian vet J 2015, 92(10), 44-5.

Present study was undertaken to elucidate the incidence of tibiotarsal rotation and its relation to productivity in emu birds at Regional Research Centre, Pudukkottai. A total of 15 chicks were affected/among 116 chicks hatched during the breeding season. In the present study, the severely affected eight emu chicks (mean ± SE) died on 39.76± 4.07 days of age. Seven chicks showed only mild symptoms and were able to survive with reduced movement. The study revealed 12.93 per cent of chicks were affected with tibiotarsal rotation in 4 to 8 weeks age group. Further significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was observed between the body weight (Kg) of tibiotarsal affected and control group emu birds.

9 ref

011995   Vazhov S V (NO, The Shukshin Altai State Academy of Education, 53, Korolenko Street, Biysk, The Altai Territory, Russian Federation, 659 333) : Distribution and abundance of carnivorous birds of prey (falconiformes, strigiformes) in the valley of the Bolshaya Rechka river(the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve, the Altai territory, Russia). Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2015, 12(2), 1495-502.

Work contains materials of bird count performed on August 03-09, 2013 along the Bolshaya Rechka River within the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve. We used a standard technique of route monitoring with unlimited surveillance area. The length of the route was 59 km; the total accounting area was 17.7 km^{2. The total of 93 bions and 40 breeding areas of 9 species of birds have been found. Another 4 species were found in the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve and its neighborhood during fragmentary observations in 2012. The research made it possible to conclude that the surveyed area is inhabited by fairly significant populations of common honey buzzards, black kites, sparrow hawks, common buzzards, greater spotted eagles, white-tailed eagles and hobby falcons. The greatest number is observed in populations of black kites (27-28 nesting couples) and sparrow hawks (19-20 couples). The work contains materials of bird count performed on August 03-09, 2013 along the Bolshaya Rechka River within the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve. We used a standard technique of route monitoring with unlimited surveillance area. The length of the route was 59 km; the total accounting area was 17.7 km2. The total of 93 bions and 40 breeding areas of 9 species of birds have been found. Another 4 species were found in the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve and its neighborhood during fragmentary observations in 2012. The research made it possible to conclude that the surveyed area is inhabited by fairly significant populations of common honey buzzards, black kites, sparrow hawks, common buzzards, greater spotted eagles, white-tailed eagles and hobby falcons. The greatest number is observed in populations of black kites (27-28 nesting couples) and sparrow hawks (19-20 couples). The work contains materials of bird count performed on August 03-09, 2013 along the Bolshaya Rechka River within the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve. We used a standard technique of route monitoring with unlimited surveillance area. The length of the route was 59 km; the total accounting area was 17.7 km2. The total of 93 bions and 40 breeding areas of 9 species of birds have been found. Another 4 species were found in the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve and its neighborhood during fragmentary observations in 2012. The research made it possible to conclude that the surveyed area is inhabited by fairly significant populations of common honey buzzards, black kites, sparrow hawks, common buzzards, greater spotted eagles, white-tailed eagles and hobby falcons. The greatest number is observed in populations of black kites (27-28 nesting couples) and sparrow hawks (19-20 couples). The work contains materials of bird count performed on August 03-09, 2013 along the Bolshaya Rechka River within the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve. We used a standard technique of route monitoring with unlimited surveillance area. The length of the route was 59 km; the total accounting area was 17.7 km2. The total of 93 bions and 40 breeding areas of 9 species of birds have been found. Another 4 species were found in the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve and its neighborhood during fragmentary observations in 2012. The research made it possible to conclude that the surveyed area is inhabited by fairly significant populations of common honey buzzards, black kites, sparrow hawks, common buzzards, greater spotted eagles, white-tailed eagles and hobby falcons. The greatest number is observed in populations of black kites (27-28 nesting couples) and sparrow hawks (19-20 couples).}

10 illus, 15 ref

011994   Vazeed Pasha S;Satish K V;Reddy C S;Jha C S (Forestry and Ecology Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Balanagar, Hyderabad-500 037) : Massive invasion of mesquite (Prosopis Juliflora) in Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary, India. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2015, 38(3), 271-3.

Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the largest wildlife sanctuaries in India represents 'Indian wild ass' (Equus hemionus khur), an endangered desert mammal of the world. The present study has found desert mammals are supporting rapid invasion of Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora). Multi-temporal satellite images of 1977-2011 have been used for spatial quantification of Mesquite. The annual expansion rate of Mesquite cover has been estimated between 1.66 and 6.87 during the studied phases indicates significant threat to indigenous biodiversity.

14 ref

011993   Satish K V;Pasha S V;Krishna P H;Reddy C S (Forestry & Ecology Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, Balanagar, Hyderabad-500 037) : Achyranthes Coynei Santapau(Amaranthaceae): An Endemic and threatened species from Kachchh Desert, India. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2015, 38(3), 281-2.

Achyranthes coynei Santapau (Amaranthaceae) is an endemic and red listed species of India. It was recorded for the first time from Kachchh biosphere reserve and forms new distributional record for the Indian Desert region and Gujarat state. It is being described along with field photographs to facilitate easy identification of the taxon.

8 ref

011992   Gupta S K (Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, 'M' Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: skumarento@gmail.com) : Distributional records of orthoptera (insecta) fauna of Badalkhol Wildlilfe Sanctuary, Jashpur, Chhattisgarh, India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(2), 125-33.

Paper deals with the study of faunal diversity of Orthoptera of Badalkhol Wildlife Sanctuary, Jashpur, Chhattisgarh. Altogether 31 species and subspecies pertaining to 29 genera belonging to 6 families of Orthopteran fauna have been reported for the first time from the sanctuary.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

010945   Krisadianto;Soemarno;Udiansyah;Januwiadia B; Fran S;Atmojo B T (Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat Univ, Banjarbaru, Indonesia, Email: tanuhi_k@yahoo.com) : Variation of bird habitat in Banjarbaru, Indonesia. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2015, 17(2), 423-30.

Presence of urban birds in green space have been investigated. This research aims to elucidate population variation among urban zonations of the City of Banjarbaru, Indonesia. The first zone was determined less than 3 km from the center of the city. Then the second and the third zones were set up within 3 to 6 km and more than 6 km respectively. Study was focused on three wooded built and natural parks, and 20 wooded streets. Birds were recorded by sights and ears when they stop on the ground or trees from point counts and certain speed pacing by walking in one side of street. Habitat vegetation was recorded with their characters, include diameter at breast height, tree height, canopy volume and tree species and positions. The result shows there are 7 species of birds in wooded street tress and built parks in the first zone, 20 species in natural parks around the second zone, and 24 species in the natural park located in the third zone. Statistically the number of habitat vegetation is different among those zones. In the wooded street tress, birds share in preference to all the tress. Similarly in built parks birds did not have a preference trees, but in the natural parks birds preferred to use interior wooded trees rather than in the periphery.

2 table, 44 ref

009900   Tyagi R;Naik N (NO, National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Powai, Mumbai, Email: ranityagi@gmail.com) : Monetary valuation of road traffic noise in Mumbai. Pollut Res 2015, 34(2), 277-83.

Noise, which continues to be one of the main environmental problems facing India, is gaining its importance as a result of the rise in noise levels that comes about with increasing economic activity. Monetary valuation of noise is also necessary in order to determine optimal environmental taxes on road traffic, rail traffic and air traffic. The main objective of this study is to study different social and economic factors affecting peoples' willingness to pay and their attitudes towards noise reduction in Mumbai city. This study estimates the willingness-to-pay value for a sample population in Mumbai. It also shows that marital status, education, income level exert considerable influences on the individual's willingness-to-pay values. However, age, sex and ownership of house were found not to exert any significant influence on individual's willingnesto- pay values.

1 illus, 3 table, 23 ref

009899   Kler T K;Manoj Kumar (Zoology Dep, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: tejdeepkler@pau.edu) : Prevalence of bird species in relation to food habits and habitat. Agric Res 2015, 52(1), 50-3.

Observations on the avian diversity in relation to their food habits i.e. I (Insectivorous), G (Granivorous), F (Fruits/berries), P (Plants/aquatic vegetation/nectar), SI (Small invertebrates) and Sv (Small vertebrates/mice/rat/small birds/eggs/reptiles) and habitat types i.e. Type A (Crop field), Type B (Agro-forestry area), Type C (Orchard area), Type D (Fish farm area) and Type E (Building complex) in Punjab Agricultural University Campus, Ludhiana were under taken during 2011 - 2013. The study has revealed a total of 104 species of birds, which belong to 16 orders and 52 families. Out of the 104 species, 74 were resident, 24 were resident migrant and 6 were migrant species.

1 table, 6 ref

006896   Sidhu S;Raman T R S;Mudappa D (NO, Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore-570 002, Email: divya@ncf-india.org) : Prey abundance and leopard diet in a plantation and rainforest landscape, Anamalai hills, Western ghats. Curr Sci 2015, 109(2), 323-30.

Leopards use a wide range of habitats from natural forests to plantations in human-dominated landscapes. Within interface areas, understanding leopard ecology and diet can help in conservation management and conflict avoidance. In a fragmented rainforest and plantation landscape in southern India, we examined diet of large carnivores (with a focus on leopards) using scat analysis with DNA-based identification of predator species, and estimated relative abundance of prey species in different land uses through transect surveys. Large carnivores predominantly consumed wild prey species (98.1%) and domestic prey species contributed <60>2% to overall prey biomass. For leopards, four wild prey species (Indian muntjac, Indian spotted chevrotain, sambar and Indian porcupine) contributed 95.1% of prey biomass, with the rest being minor wild prey species (no livestock in identified scats). Wild prey species occurred across the landscape but varied in relative abundance by land-use type, with forest fragments supporting higher abundance of many species relative to tea and coffee plantations. As large carnivores mainly depend on wild prey and rainforest fragments act as refuges for these mammals within the tea and coffee plantations, it is important to continue to retain or restore these forest fragments.

3 tables, 42 ref

006895   Mitra S (Botany Dep, Ranaghat College, Ranaghat, Nadia-741 201) : Exotic flora of Kulik bird sanctuary - West Bengal, India. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(1), 55-74.

Exotic plants are the plants grown out side of their normal habitat. In the biological Convensin (1992) it has been considered that "Biological invasion of the alien species as the second worst threats after the habitat destruction". So, biological invasions may be considered as a form of the biological pollution. Kulik" bird Sanctuary was declared in the year 1985, as a Wild Life Sanctuary. This bird sanctuary contains 92 exotic species of which 58 species are American, 9 - African and Australian respectively elements, 7 - species are Sinu - Japanese elemen, and only 2 - species are Asian in origin.

3 illus, 2 tables, 44 ref

006894   Bhaskar A;Vencatesan J (NO, Care Earth Trust, <35> 5 Shri Nivas, 21st Street, Thillaiaganga Nagar, Chennai-600 061, Email: jvencatesan@gmail.com) : Challenges of managing water bodies as bird sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu. Curr Sci 2015, 109(3), 403-4.

1 table, 18 ref

005921   Komar D;Dolenec T;Dolenec M;Vrhovnik P;Lojen S;Belak Z L;Kniewald G;Smuc N R (Geology Dep, Faculty of Natural Science and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva-121 000, Email: komar.darja@gmail.com) : Physico-chemical and geochemical characterization of makirina Bay peloid mud and its evaluation for potential use in balneotherapy (N Dalmatia, Republic of Croatia). Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2015, 14(1), 5-12.

Makirina Bay peloid mud was analysed in the interest of determining its physico-chemical and geochemical characteristics in order to assess the suitability of peloid mud use for cosmetic and/or therapeutic purposes as material for mud wraps or baths. The properties of Makirina Bay peloid mud were compared with various raw geological materials (Dead Sea mud, the mud of 'Capetta', Lo Pagan lagoon sediments, and peloid mud from Morinje Bay) already applied or with potential to be used in various spa centres. Makirina Bay peloid mud is represented mostly by sandy silt and has a relatively high C_org content (5%) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) value (63.82 meq/100g). The mineral composition of peloid mud is dominated by dolomite and quartz, followed by illite/muscovite, aragonite, halite, calcite, and pyrite. The calculated contamination factor (CF) and index of geoaccumulation (I_geo) values for the majority of heavy metals showed that the peloid mud had a low contamination status. The highest CF and I_geo values were for lead, at 2.2 and 0.5 respectively, but the pollution load index value was <60> 1, indicating that no heavy metal contamination of the peloid mud exists. Geochemical analyses have shown the adequate comparability of Makirina Bay peloid mud with raw materials already successfully used in purposes related to wellness and therapy.

2 illus, 5 table, 37 ref

004001   Whitaker R (Centre for Herpetology, Madras Crocodile Bank, , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: kingcobra@gmail.com) : Snakebite in India today. Neurol India 2015, 63(3), 300-3.

9 illus, 11 ref

004000   Takkar A;Kharbanda P S (Neurology Dep, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Email: neuroparam@hotmail.com) : Electrophysiologic evaluation of snake bite. Neurol India 2015, 63(3), 304-6.

13 ref

003999   Sureshan P M;Nikhil K (Zoological Survey of Indi, Western Ghats Regional Centre, , Jafferkhan Colony, Eranhipalam P.O., Kozhikode-673 006, Email: pmsuresh43@yahoo.com) : New species of Netomocera Boucek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) from the Southern Western Ghats, Karnataka, with a key to world species. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(2), 6903-6.

New species of Netomocera Boucek (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) N. minuta sp. nov. is described from the southern Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Affinities of the new species with related species are discussed and a key to the world species of Netomocera is provided.

7 ref

003998   Rao J P;Satish K V;Sankar B S;Reddy C S; Aniel Kumar O (Botany Dep, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: jprakasarao@gmail.com) : Occurrence of parasitic plant Balanophora fungosa J.R. Forster & G. Forster (Balanophoraceae) in Andhra Pradesh, India. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(2), 6943-6.

1 illus, 14 ref

003997   Kottawa-Arachchi J D;Gamage R N (Friends of Horton Plains, Tea Research Institute, Talawakelle, Sri Lanka) : Avifaunal diversity and bird community responses to man-made habitats in St. Coombs Tea Estate, Sri Lanka. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(2), 6878-90.

Survey on birds was conducted at St. Coombs Tea Estate, Talawakelle, Sri Lanka with the objective of assessing the avifaunal diversity of a given tea plantation ecosystem. Bird populations were sampled in man-made habitats such as home garden, wetland, tea plantation, Eucalyptus plantation and small scale reservoir. Hundred-and-twenty counts were made for each habitat and in addition, activities of birds, feeding habits and food recourses were also observed. A total of 87 species, including 11 endemic and 11 migrant species of birds, was recorded, which included one globally threatened species, Kashmir Flycatcher Ficedula subrubra and 16 nationally threatened species. A majority of the bird species were observed in home gardens (75%), followed by reservoirs (57%), wetlands (48%), tea plantations (43%) and in Eucalyptus plantations (23%). Home gardens support bird diversity while the species richness of endemic bird species increases thereby enabling these findings to be used as guidelines in long term conservational practices. Several conservation measures such as increasing plant diversity, introduction of shade trees and prevention of fire are recommended to conserve and enhance avifaunal diversity in tea plantations.

3 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

003996   Khan M S;Abbasi F (Freshwater and Wetlands Programme, WWF India, , 172-B, Lodi Estate, New Delh-110 003, Email: shahnawaz.khan.aligarh@gmail.com) : How the local community views wildlife conservation: a case of Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh, India. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(2), 6934-9.

Study was conducted to assess the local community's attitudes towards wildlife conservation in Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary (HWS), Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the largest sanctuary in the state and under the highest anthropogenic pressure. People engage in fishing, livestock grazing, fuel wood/fodder collection, cash cropping of cucurbits in the sandy river banks for sustenance and commercial extraction of sand and grass for construction. These activities threaten the survival of threatened species like Swamp Deer Rucervus duvaucelii, Gangetic Dolphin Platanista gangetica, Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata and Gharial Gavialis gangeticus. Interviews were conducted with heads of randomly selected families and `yes/no' opinions were taken. Questions included direct statements on biodiversity status and relationship with the Sanctuary resources. Data was classified in percent values and it was found that there is no difference in people's perception on increase, decrease or stability of biodiversity. Further, a majority of people find life around a protected area disadvantageous, or with dismal advantages. Building on this premise the study suggests that a better share in development and alternative livelihood options for the local community of HWS can decrease their dependence on natural resources and improve conservation as a favourable option in the present perceptions of the people.

3 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

003995   Jasmine B;Ghose D;Das S K (Sustainable Development & Conservation Biology, 1213E H.J. Patterson H, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 - 3281, USA, Email: bibajasmine@gmail.com) : Attitude assessment of human-elephant conflict in a critical wildlife corridor within the Terai Arc Landscape, India. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(2), 6843-52.

This study entails an attitude assessment of the local people living at Mankanthpur Village, one of the bottlenecks in the Bailparao-Kotabagh corridor, Terai West Forest Division, on the issue of elephant conservation, human-(wildlife) elephant conflict, and the measures to mitigate it. Data was collected through a questionnaire survey and several group discussions among the villagers. The frequency of crop raids and group size of elephants were calculated. Sixty-two crop raids took place during the study period (February-April 2010), and a mean sighting of 1.08 elephants per day was recorded. Data from the survey reflects that about 3.53ha of crop land was damaged by the elephants during the survey period. The people residing on the fringes of the park and in the villages along the Bailparao-Kotabagh Corridor were surveyed about the conflict impact. Survey results indicate that the most effective management measures used were a combination of loud noise and scaring away elephants using fire. Local peoples' views regarding the current status of elephant raids and conservation were also documented. Peoples' reaction to compensation schemes was studied; 89% of the respondents feel an effective approach to compensation is a way to reduce sufferings due to conflict with wildlife. Attempts to reduce the conflict by forming local elephant control teams and enclosing the affected village with a tall cemented wall are under trial. The underlying assumption in this study is that if damage severely affects the livelihood of local communities, getting their active support, which is essential for conservation, will be difficult.

6 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

003994   Gaikwad N S;Datar M N (NO, Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune-411 004, Email: nhshevate@gmail.com) : Notes on the distribution of some angiosperms from Maharashtra, India. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(2), 6940-42.

1 illus, 12 ref

003993   Dutta D K;Mahanta R (NO, , WWF-India, Parvati Nagar, P.O. Tezpur, Assam-784 001, Email: debakumerdutta@gmail.com) : Study on the behavior and colonization of translocated Greater One-horned Rhinos Rhinoceros unicornis (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae) during 90 days from their release at Manas National Park, Assam India. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(2), 6864-77.

Under the Indian Rhino Vision 2020, 18 wild Greater One-horned Rhinos Rhinoceros unicornis were translocated from two rhino bearing areas, Kaziranga National Park and Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary to Manas National Park within the state of Assam, from 2008 to 2012. Following the release, the rhinos were closely monitored through radio tracking and direct observation to record their colonization pattern and behavioral adaptation to the new environment. Out of the 18 rhinos released at Manas, 16 (89%) rhinos dispersed in approximately the same direction from the release sites. The rhinos released from Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary strayed more when compared to the rhinos from Kaziranga National Park. This paper describes the behavior patterns observed in Manas National Park, which may provide a useful alternative approach for future rhino translocation.

15 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

003992   Brahmachary R L;Poddar-sarkar M (NO, , Flat 10, 21B, Motijheel Avenue, Kolkata-700 074, Email: mousumipsarkar1@gmail.com) : Fifty years of tiger pheromone research. Curr Sci 2015, 108(12), 2178-85.

Results of our 50 years of tiger pheromone research have been summed up in the larger context of research in this field . In order to understand the perspective, tiger behaviour, such as that of territory and home range, the possible sources of tiger pheromone as revealed through observation, the chemistry of putative pheromones and the expression of `self' and `non-self' by individuals, the fixatives of pheromones and the possible mechanism of stamping of individuality in the pheromonal potpourri have been discussed. The implications of some of the putative pheromone molecules in genomics have been indicated. Our present limitations in understanding the essence of the problem and some future probable guidelines have also be endiscussed.

60 ref

003991   Begum S;Anis S B (Zoology Dep, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, Email: salma.taxo@gmail.com) : Description of a new species of Oligosita Haliday (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae) from India. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(2), 6907-9.

New species of the trichogrammatid genus, Oligosita Haliday, Oligosita doonensis sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected from Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, India.

9 illus, 7 ref

003990   Bais R K S (NO, , A-13, Sector 33, Noida-201 301, Email: baisrajivsingh@gmail.com) : Failure of the Red Pierrot Talicada nyseus Gu‚rin-M‚neville, 1843 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) butterfly to colonize Delhi area. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(2), 6920-26.

The Red Pierrot Talicada nyseus Guerin-Meneville, 1843 is a butterfly of the semi-arid plains. Its historical distribution range includes Sri Lanka, southern India, northeastern India and Myanmar. It was recently reported from a few places in northern India far away from its known range boundaries in India. Dehradun, Kumaon Himalaya, Delhi and Kalatop are the places from where it has been reported in the recent past. Talicada nyseus nyseus appeared in the Delhi area in 2008, survived and bred for more than a year and then suddenly disappeared in the summer of 2009. The appearance of T.n. nyseus in Dehradun has been linked to the introduction of Kalanchoe ornamental plants in the newly developed residential areas. This paper examines the likely reasons for its disappearance from the Delhi area.

2 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

003989   Alam M S;Khan J A;Njoroge C H;Sandeep Kumar; Meena R L (Wildlife Sciences Dep, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, Email: msalam01@gmail.com) : Food preferences of the Golden Jackal Canis aureus in the Gir National Park and Sanctuary, Gujarat, India. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(2), 6927-33.

Feeding habits of the Golden Jackal Canis aureus were investigated by analysis of its scat contents (n=81), collected between October 2007 and June 2008 in Gir National Park and Sanctuary, Gujarat, India. Jackal dietary habits reflected the availability of a wide variety of food items and the differential vulnerability of prey. Potential animal and plant foods available to jackal varied because of their seasonal variability. About 32.69% scats were found to have only one prey item, whereas 48.08% of scats represented two prey items. Overall, it was found that the large mammalian prey was the most important food item which was significantly supplemented by vegetative material particularly Zizyphus spp. Amongst mammalian prey, the percentage frequency of occurrence (percentage±SE) of Chital Axis axis was 25.93±2.84, Buffalo Bubalus arnee bubalis was 27.16±2.98 followed by Indian Hare Rufus nigricollis 19.75±2.15 and Sambar Rusa unicolor 11.11±1.19 while the least was found for Langur Semnopithecus entellus 2.47±0.21 and Bluebull Boselaphus tragocamelus 2.47±0.21. Although, there is substantial availability of wild prey kills, the results suggest the presence of domestic mammals and human waste matter in the scats which could be assumed as a fortification of the Jackal's dietary spectrum, substantiating the scavenging tendency of the jackal to forage near human settlements.

3 illus, 2 tables, 47 ref

003988   Aggarwal A;Tiwari G;Harsh S (Gujarat Tourism Opportunity Limited, , Haveli Arcade, Sector-11, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382 011, Email: anjali.aggarwal191989@gmail.com) : Avian diversity and density estimation of birds of the Indian Institute of Forest Management Campus, Bhopal, India. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(2), 6891-902.

Study to find out the bird diversity at the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, was carried out over a period of nine months from July 2012 to March 2013. IIFM is located on a hill facing Bhadbhada barrage in Bhopal. Physiographically the area is classified as Vindhayan Hills. A total of 106 bird species belonging to 52 families were recorded during the study covering an area of about 93 hectares. The study area was divided into three major habitat types: open scrub, dry deciduous, and urbanized. Bird species were classified into eight feeding guilds: carnivore, ground insectivore, sallying insectivore, canopy and bark insectivore, nectar insectivore, general insectivore, frugivore and water birds. Of the total 106 species observed, 27 species were recorded as winter visitors. Density analysis was done using DISTANCE software and density was found out to be 32.7 birds per hectare. Rank abundance curve was used for assessing species composition in different habitats and during different seasons. In terms of both richness and evenness, open scrub scored the highest rank (72 species, and most even distribution of species). Higher species richness with lower species evenness was recorded during winter season for all the habitats.

6 illus, 5 tables, 42 ref

003987   Adarsh C K;Arunraj R;Nameer P O (Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Agricultural University, KAU (PO), Thrissur-680 656, Email: adarshckcof09@gmail.com) : Odonata (Insecta) diversity of Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, the Southern Western Ghats, India. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(2), 6910-19.

Study was conducted at Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Idukki District, Kerala, the southern Western Ghats, to assess the diversity of odonates. We report 48 species of odonates, which include 31 species of Anisoptera (dragonflies) and 17 species of Zygoptera (damselflies). Among the dragonflies, the family Libellulidae dominated with 25 species, while Coenagrionidae with seven species was the dominant family among the damselflies. The odonate diversity of Chinnar WS accounted for 31.16% of the odonates in Kerala and 27.58% of the odonates of the Western Ghats. Chinnar also recorded two species of odonates that are endemic to the Western Ghats, which are, the Pied Reed Tail Protosticta gravelyi and the Travancore Bamboo Tail Esme mudiensis.

4 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

003021   Anil Kumar;Paliwal R (High Altitude Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Solan-173 211, Email: anilsonta@gmail.com) : Feral dogs of spiti valley, Himachal Pradesh: an emerging threat for wildlife and human life. Curr Sci 2015, 108(10), 1799-1800.

2 illus, 17 ref

002082   Thakur S;Pandit R;Mahabal A (NO, , Biome Conservation Foundation, 18-Silver Moon, S.No: -1/2A/2, Bavdhan (Kh), Pune Maharashtra-411 021) : First record of variable wheatear Oenanthe picata (Aves: passeriformes: muscicapidae) from Osmanabad district and range extension to southeastern Maharashtra, India. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(3), 7042-3.

11 ref

002081   Shanee S;Allgas N;Shanee N;Campbell N (NO, Neotropical Primate Conservation, 23 Portland Road, Manchester M32 OPH, United Kingdom) : Distribution, ecological niche modelling and conservation assessment of the Peruvian night monkey (mammalia: primates: aotidae: Aotus micronax thomas, 1927) in northeastern Peru, with notes on the distributions of Aotus spp.. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(3), 6947-64.

Aotus miconax is endemic to Peru and remains one of the least studied of all Neotropical primate taxa. It has an altitudinally restricted distribution and is limited to areas of premontane and montane cloud forest in the countries north. Deforestation in the area is the highest in the country. In many areas deforestation has fragmented remnant populations of A. miconax to isolated forest fragments with high hunting pressure. The aim was to gather information on the current distribution of A. miconax and other Aotus species in northeastern Peru. Through field surveys we found evidence of the presence of Aotus spp. at 44 localities in the departments of Amazonas, Huanuco, La Libertad and San Martin, including 23 visual observations and four aural detections and from secondary evidence at a further 17 sites. Aotus miconax was found at sites between 1200-3100 m. Combining GIS and maximum entropy ecological niche modelling we predicted the probable original distribution of A. miconax. We also evaluated the current area of occupancy, level of fragmentation and anthropogenic threats faced by this species. The current area of occupancy of A. miconax is much reduced and anthropogenic threats to this species are severe and increasing. The current IUCN Red List status (VU) underestimates actual habitat loss and disturbance. Sympatric species which suffer from similar levels of hunting and habitat loss are considered 'Critically Endangered' (IUCN 2011) and based on our estimate of <126>60% habitat loss, with much of the remaining habitat highly fragmented; we would like to suggest that A. miconax be classified as Endangered.

3 illus, 3 tables, 81 ref

002080   Rangnekar P;Naik R (NO, , Building 4, S-3, Technopark, Chogm Road, Alto-Porvorim, Goa-403 001, Email: paragrangnekar@yahoo.com) : Further additions to the odonata (insecta) fauna of Goa, India. J Threatened Taxa 2014, 6(3), 5585-9.

The paper reports 13 new records of Odonata from the State of Goa. Of these five species are endemic to the Western Ghats. The study also adds one family Macromiidae (Anisoptera) not reported earlier from the State. With this addition of 13 species, 87 species of odonates are currently known from the state.

1 table, 8 ref

002079   Pravaliha G B;Srinivasulu C;Srinivasulu B (Wildlife Biology & Taxonomy Lab, Zoology Dep, Univ College of Science, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh-500 007, Email: prava.gunti@gmail.com) : New species of genus Hersilia audouin, 1826 (araneae: hersiliidae) from India. J Threatened Taxa 2014, 6(3), 5553-57.

A new species of the genus Hersilia Audouin, 1826, Hersilia aadi sp. Nov. is described from Andhra Pradesh, India with notes on the species known from India. The new species differs from its congeners based on having large palpal patella in males; and having two closely adjoining circular, small median genital openings and, long and curved copulatory duct in females.

1 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

002078   Pethe J;Tillu A;Watve A (NO, , Shripad, Vakratund R.H, Opp. Rama Raman Apt., Vrindavan Nagar, Kamatwade, Ambad, Nashik-422 010) : Threat status assessment of Ceropegia anjanerica Malpure et al. (magnoliopsida: gentianales: aocynaceae) from Anjaneri hills, Nashik district, Maharashtra, India. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(3), 6965-71.

Ceropegia anjanerica is endemic to the Anjaneri Hills area of Nashik District. It is assessed as Critically Endangered as per the IUCN red list criteria using primary and secondary information on trends in EOO, AOO and sub-populations. Factors affecting this species and its habitat, and community conservation efforts are described and recommendations are made for its protection.

4 ref

002077   Pandey A K;Pandey P (NO, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: akpandey@ngri.res.in) : Soft sediment deformation structures in late quaternary abandoned channel fill deposit of Yamuna river in NW sub-Himalaya, India. Curr Sci 2015, 108(9), 1717-25.

Soft sediment deformation (SSD) structures are observed in a 26-25 ka old fluvio-lacustrine channel-fill deposit in tectonically active Dun valley in NW Sub-Himalaya. This fluvio-lacustrine channel-fill deposit experienced intermittent inundation during initial phase of erosional avulsion with the growth of a plug bar causing complete channel abandonment. The facies depict variation from an active channel to rhythmite and lacustrine deposition in an abandoned channel setting. In the studied section, three zones of SSD structures comprising load structures, contorted beds, slumps, folds and faults are observed. These zones are invariably overlain by undeformed beds suggesting recurrent deformation. The varying geometry of SSD structures suggest gravity-driven viscous-brittle deformation in the sediment column possibly due to differential liquidization in the beds with varying grain size, when the equilibrium was disturbed by a trigger mechanism. Since the region lies in the seismically active Himalayan belt, earthquake-induced strong ground motion may be the most plausible trigger mechanism for the observed SSD in the abandoned channel deposits and slope, sediment overloading or groundwater change may not have played a major role.

8 illus, 19 ref

002076   Nazir N;Mehmood K;Ashfaq M;Rahim J (Entomology Dep, Poonch Univ, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu Kashmir 12350, Pakistan, Email: nzbc_127@yahoo.com) : Morphological and molecular identification of acridid grasshoppers (acrididae: orthoptera) from Poonch division, Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan. J Threatened Taxa 2014, 6(3), 5544-52.

The present study was conducted to resolve conflicts in the identification of grasshopper species of the family Acrididae (Orthoptera) on the basis of morphology and DNA barcoding. Grasshoppers representing 26 species of the family Acrididae were collected from different habitats and host plants from Poonch division of Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan. Specimens were identified taxonomically and DNA sequenced for the cytochrome c oxidase (COI) barcode region. Barcodes of 19 morphological species were successfully obtained and the sequence data was used to separate species by Neighbor-Joining cluster analysis. Barcode data successfully discriminated 18 species, while two: Patanga japonica (Bolivar, 1898) and P. succincta (Johannson, 1763) could not be distinguished since they shared the barcode sequence and clustered together on the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree. Morphologically, specimens of Shirakiacris shirakii (Bolivar, 1914) were identified as one species, but barcode data revealed that in addition to Shirakiacris shirakii (Bolivar, 1914) two other species of the genus Shirakiacris are present in the region. Similarly, on the basis of morphological characters two species were indentified in subfamily Catantopinae, Catantops erubescens (Walker, 1870) and Xenocatantops brachycerus (Willemse, 1932), but barcode data suggest the presence of an additional Catantops species in the region. These findings show the usefulness of barcode data in discriminating grasshopper species and indicate that such data can be reliably used for developing reference libraries for species identification via sequence matches.

3 illus, 2 tables, 47 ref

002075   Kulkarni S (Zoology Dep, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, Maharashtra-415 001, Email: sskspider@gmail.com) : New species of the genus Tylorida Simon, 1894 (araneae: tetragnathidae) from a Rocky outcrop in the northern western ghats, India. J Threatened Taxa 2014, 6(3), 5558-61.

A new species Tylorida sataraensis sp. Nov. is described from the northern Western Ghats based on female only. Its behaviour of holding under water in response to disturbance is discussed.

4 illus, 12 ref

002074   Kalsi R S;Sharma S;Kalsi M (Zoology Dep, M.L.N. College, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana-135 001) : Threat status of birds of Yamuna Nagar district, Haryana, India. J Threatened Taxa 2015, 7(3), 7024-8.

Birds were surveyed in the Yamuna Nagar District, Haryana, India and the threat categories of the species observed were determined with the IUCN Red List. A total of 185 species belonging to 46 families were observed. Families Accipitridae, Passeridae, Corvidae and Scolopacidae dominated the list. There were 13 species with various IUCN Red List categories. One Critically Endangered species, the Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus, and two Endangered species Black-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda and Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus were observed. A prerequisite for all the measures focussed on management and conservation of species is that the status and population trends of the target species must be known, and future work should be in this direction.

4 illus, 3 ref