009312   Gupta S K;Chandra K (NO, Zoological Suvey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, 'M' Block New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: skumarento@gmail.com) : Orthopetra fauna, it's habitat ecology and threats in Barnawapra Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh, India. Ambient Sci 2016, 3(1), 29-37.

In Nature inspite of serious floral damaging characteristic, Orthopteran insects also have some ecological and economical importance. In the present study we identified total 56 species of Orthopteran fauna representing 43 genera and 8 families are reported from different localities of Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. Among which, nine species are new addition to the Chhattisgarh state reporting here with comprehensive account. Acrididae family represents maximum diversity and species richness (271), followed by Gryllidae (65), while the minimum number of species (3) was recorded from Tridactylidae family. Further, with respect to their habitat, the most appropriate seasons of their occurrences have been noted. The pest characteristics of newly noted species for the studied area have also been discussed.

2 illus, 2 table, 30 ref

009311   Ghorpade K (Scientist Emeritus and Research Associate in Systematic Entomology, Agricultural Sciences Univ, C/o P.O. Box 221, K.C. Park P.O., Dharwar-580 008, Email: kumarsinh.g@gmail.com ) : Butterflies of Keoladeo national park, Bharatpur (Rajasthan). Bionotes 2016, 18(3), 81-5.

46 ref

009310   Boruah B;Gogoi M J;Payra A;Das G N;Bortamuly M;Sharma R (Wildlife and Biodiversity Conservation Dep, North Orissa Univ, Odisha, Email: arajushpayra@gmail.com) : Diversity and habitat perference of Odonata fauna (Insecta) in Kaziranga-Karbi hills, central Assam, Northeast India. Ambient Sci 2016, 3(2), 64-8.

Diversity of Odonata and their habitat preference was studied in a landscape between Kaziranga National Park and Karbi Hills of Assam. During study period we recorded total 82 species of odonates from 51 genera and 10 families out of which, dragonfly (Anisoptera) represented by 43 species and damselfly (Zygoptera) represented by 39 species. Family Libellulidae was the most dominant family with 36 species among the Anisopterans than after family Coenagrionidae with 20 species among Zygopterans. Among the six selected habitats, stream and river sites hold highest species (45) and lowest species found in human habitations (21). Among the recorded species Orthetrum pruinosum, Orthetrum sabina and Pantala flavescens were found to be occupied in all types of habitats.Sorensen's Similarity index of all the six habitats for odonates species composition during study periods had maximum values CL-WP (0.77) and lowest value FA-GL (0.26). A checklist of odonates for central Assam has also been forwarded.

3 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

009309   Bhattacharyya K;Mondal K (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun-248 001, Email: kamalika589@gmail.com) : Overview of great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo in the Indian Himalayan region, with information on recent records. Ambient Sci 2017, 4(1), 88-9.

2 illus, 11 ref

009308   Banafar A S;Biswas J (NO, Government College Silfili, District Surajpur, Chhatisgarh, Email: jayant@cave-biology.org) : Hathipol: Biodiversity of a tunel 'cave' of Chhattisgarh, India. Ambient Sci 2016, 3(1), 52-4.

6 illus, 5 ref

009307   Baja N;Sankari A;Baskaran N;Nagarajan R; Saravanan M (P.G. and Research Dep of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, Email: nareshwildlife@gmail.com) : Indian giant squirrel (Ratufa indica) distribution pattern, habitat structure and characteristics in the Grizzled Giant Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary, Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu, India. Ambient Sci 2017, 4(1), 57-61.

An attempt has been made to study the distribution pattern and habitat characteristics of the Indian Giant Squirrel (Ratufa indica) at Grizzled Giant Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary, which is a part of the Periyar-Agasthyamalai landscape of Southern Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, Southern India. The study results revealed that the R. indica is widely distributed in moist deciduous forest followed by evergreen forest and not located in dry thorn forest habitat. Among the 17 habitat variables studied, 14 variables were significantly higher in R. indica distribution area than those in the non-distribution area. Tree species density and GBH were significantly higher in R.indica distribution area (density: 442±13.12, GBH = 81±1.56) than that of non-distribution area (density: 318<60>6.3, GBH: 57<60>o.68) (density: t -test, df = 153, P <60> 0.05 and GBH: t = -7.27, df = 169, p<60>o.O5). The present distribution pattern and habitat characteristics of R. indica in the area provides baseline data for future studies. The study is also addressed the issue of an urgent need of survey the status, distribution, abundance and habitat utilization patterns of R.indica in thestudied area.

5 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

009306   Akram F;Ilyas O;Haleem A (Wildlife Sciences Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, Email: orus16@gmail.com ) : Food and feeding habits of Indian crested porcupine in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India. Ambient Sci 2017, 4(1), 62-6.

Dietary habits of Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix indica) were studied in the Pencil Tiger Reserve India (dry tropical forest), by the faecal analysis. The results of the study suggest that the porcupines have a diverse diet and the tree barks and seeds were the most consumed items. It was followed by leaves, twigs, flowers and grasses. Seasonally, barks (34.9%), twigs (17.2%), seeds (17.1%), leaves (9.4%), grasses (8.7%), bones (4.9%) and roots (2.6%), stones and others unidentified things (2.2%) and hairs of animals (0.7%) were fed more in winter than summer where as seeds (27.3%), barks (23.1%), leaves (11.7 %), grasses (9.9%), roots (6.8%), twigs (6.7%), bones (6.03%), flowers (1.4%) and stones/other things (0.8%), hairs (0.4%) were fed more in summer than winter season. Only barks and twigs were found to be significantly different seasonally. Furthermore, the Berger-Parker index (d) of each season was calculated to ensure the variation in diet, by the species dominance in each faecal matter group. Through this method, diversity in food items of the porcupine reflected that the diet of porcupine in summer season (2.2) was more diversified as compared to the porcupine diet in the winter season (1.835). Overall the diet of the porcupine comprises 92% vegetative matter and remaining 6.3% comprises of animal matters and 1.5% other materials (stones, threads, etc). Hence, it is considered as a generalist herbivore.

2 illus, 1 table, 40 ref

008289   Nkwabi A K;Liseki S;Bukombe J K;Kija H; Mmassy E;Otsyina R M;Monjare J F;Kajuni A R;Mwita M (Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania) : Species richness and composition of butterfly with reference to anthropogenic activities in the wildlife management areas, Southern Tanzania. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(1), 34-40.

The objectives of this study were to assess butterfly communities, and to determine the influence of disturbance on individual butterflies, species richness and composition within five Wildlife Management Areas (Mbarang'andu, Kimbanda, Kisungule in Namtumbo District; Nalika and Chingoli in Tunduru Didistict) located in Ruvuma landscape. The survey was conducted between September and November 2014 using sweep nets and visual observations. A total of 545 butterflies from 90 species that belong to 6 families, were recorded. Butterfly species richness was highest in Mbarang'andu (28.7±0.81) and lowest in Kimbanda (2.2±0.29). Mean number of individual butterfly was higher (3.1±0.26) in miombo woodlands compared to riverine forest (2.9±0.37). Further destruction of vegetation could affect species richness and abundance, hence; we recommend that more resources and effort such as human resource be in place to safe guard these Wildlife Management Areas from any environmental degradation for the benefit of present and future generation.

5 illus, 33 ref

008288   Koskey J (Wildlife Management Dep, Univ of Eldoret, Kenya) : Neutral detergent fibre in forages preferred by African elephant (L.africana) in Rimoi Game Reserve, Kenya. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(1), 29-33.

Grass and browse have their relative advantages and disadvantages. For grass, intake rates are higher (it is easier to harvest and handle), it is lower in toxins and when its nutrient content is high, its fibre content is low (Lindsay, 1994), it also provides a return per unit time feeding that is higher than browse. It may, however, lack certain essential key nutrients and when it matures its nutrient content becomes very low. Browse offers generally higher levels and diversity of nutrients, but toxin and lignin levels are also higher. The tendency of elephants to shift from consuming mainly grass in the wet season to mostly browse in the dry season has been noted by many researchers (Santra et al., (2008); Lindsay, (1994)) [8]. Elephants can fulfil energy requirements from either browse or grass, depending on availability and quality, and switch to consuming crops whenever their forage sources are insecure, as grass availability is highly seasonal. Despite the attractiveness of crops to elephants, Osborn (2004) observed that elephants did not immediately leave protected areas when crops planted along the boundary were mature, which suggests that crop raiding could not be linked to the availability of crops, and thus this behaviour could be related to the quality and availability of wild foods. Hence it is important to establish the particular plant species which elephants eat in the wild, as the availability of these species could diminish the temptation to begin crop raiding. This paper presents findings of an investigative study on Neutral Detergent Fiber in Forages Preferred by African elephant (L. africana) in Rimoi Game Reserve, Kenya.

4 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

008287   Gupta D;Tripathi M (Zoology Dep, Aquatic Toxicology Research Univ of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) : Present status and diversity of ichthyofauna at five selected sites of the Gomti river, Lucknow (India). Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(1), 49-56.

Anthropogenic activities affect aquatic habitats leading to loss of many species as well as bring changes in the species composition of some regions. Therefore, ichthyofaunal diversity studies are essential for sustainable management. An exploratory study regarding the ichthyofauna of the river Gomti at Lucknow has been done which is presented in this paper. In total 61 icthyospecies belonging to 18 families and 8 orders were caught. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio, Clarias gariepinus and Ctenopharyngodon idella were the exotic fish species in the Gomti River. The study revealed that there were noteworthy variations found in the ichthyofaunal diversity indices among five different selected sampling sites. Cypriniformes emerged out as the dominant order at all the selected sites. The present study shows that in spite of high pollution level, numbers of fishes were found satisfactory in most of the selected sites of this river.

5 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref

008286   Aruna R;Balasubramanian P (Botany Dep, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu) : Studies on avifauna of Attappady and Anaikatty, Western Ghats, Southern India. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(1), 45-8.

Bird population studies were done using fixed width line transect method. A total of 13 transects were laid for the study, where five were in AHADS plantation sites, five in AHADS biomass sites and three sites are located in Anaikatty A total of 108 species of birds belonging to 36 orders were recorded from the study sites in Attappady and Anaikatty. Of these 47 species were insectivores (42%), 17 species were omnivores (15%), 14 species were frugivores (13%).

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

007270   Khadka C B;Hammet A L;Singh A;Timilsinha Y P;Balla M K;Khadaka C B (National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Chitwan National Park, Nepal) : Ecological parameters and diversity indices of marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza hatagirea D.Don) and its associates in lete village of Mustang district, Nepal. e-J appl For Ecol 2016, 4(2), 60.

This paper focuses on the ecological parameters and diversity indices: Simson's Index (C), Simson's Index of Dominance (D), Shannon-Weaver Index (H), Shannon Evenness (E_shannon) and Simson Evenness (E_Simson) of D. hatagirea and its associates- Rheum australe, Rumex nepalensis and Allium wallichii kunth in Lete village of Mustang District within the Annapurna Conservation Area. The inventory was conducted during the monsoon season (June/July) of 2013 within an area of 4.5 ha. Altogether, 100 circular plots, each with 25 m2 area, were laid out purposively with the sampling intensity of 5.55. The relative frequency, relative density, abundance, relative coverage and the Important Value Index of D.hatagirea were found to be 70.27, 49.64, 0.44, 70.27 and 190.18, respectively. Similarly, the value of C, D, H, Eshannon and ESimson of D. hatagirea were 0.35, 0.65, 1.18, 0.85 and 0.71, respectively, indicating relatively even and relatively diverse community. The study showed relatively higher values of all the parameters of D. hatagirea as compared to its associates indicating good ecological value. The Rank abundance curve showed uneven plant community in the study site. However, threats remain due to the unsustainable harvesting, illegal trading and overgrazing in the study site.

006244   Sharma H K;Thakur M;Brar A S;Rana K (Entomology Dep, Dr Y S Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, Email: mnthakur15@yahoo.com) : First record of blue-bearded bee-eater bird Nyctyornis athertoni (Jardine & selby) attacking Apis mellifera colonies in Himachal Pradesh. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(3), 129-32.

Bee enter bird identified as Ncctyornis alhertoni (Jardine & Selby) was found attacking Apis mellifera colonies in the apiary maintained in the Department of Kntomology, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Korestry Nauni. Solan during the year 2016 (February). The bird visited singly or in groups of two to three with maximum visits during day time (direct sunlight). The predations of the bird on .4. mellifera is a first report from foothills of Himalayas.

1 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

006243   Sarkar S K;Saha S;Raychaudhuri D (Zoology Dep, Univ of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal) : Taxonomic studies on Adoretus dejean, 1833 (Rutelinae: Scarabaeidae) of buxa tiger reserve (a forest under biodiversity hotspot zone), dooars, West Bengal, India. J Ent Zool Stud 2016, 4(6), 1-11.

Taxonomy of Adoretus Dejean, 1833 fauna included within the subfamily Rutelinae recorded from Buxa Tiger Reserve, Dooars, West Bengal, India are dealt herewith. The generated data is the outcome of long term faunistic investigations of the authors. Each of the species is redescribed and illustrated, supplemented by digital images. A key for identification of all the species recorded from the study area along with their distribution in India is also provided.

14 illus, 57 ref

006242   Mamedov A T;Mustafayev Q T (NO, Baku State Univ, Baku, Az 1141, Z. Khalilov str., 23, Baku, Azerbaijan) : Long-term dynamics of quality and quantity of populations of birds of prey in forest of mountain Talysh. J Ent Zool Stud 2017, 5(1), 39-43.

The article describes the qualitative and quantitative dynamics of populations of birds of prey at the population level in the forests of Talysh for 1960-2016 years. Information is of comparative chronological character, allowing to install a multi-year trend and prospect of population of birds of prey in the forests of mountain Talysh. A large change in birds of prey in quantitative and qualitative terms in the mountain forests of Talish has been established. This is due to the fact that the forest intensively had been cut from all 4 sides. Unlike other mountain ranges, above the mountain forests of Talysh there are no high mountains but densely populated upland steppe people. Degree of startle of the birds from people was expressed more than in other regions. Settling of studied birds is low. Throughout our studies the reduction of population density took place, but slowly.

4 tables, 22 ref

006241   Chutia B C;Narh C;Kakati L N (Zoology Dep, Nowgong College, Nagaon, Assam-782 001, Email: bhuban78@gmail.com) : Conservation strategies of Actias selene Hubner: a wild silk moth in Nagaland, India. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(1-2), 41-5.

Actias selene Hubner (Indian moon moth), an indigenous wild silk moth is geographically distributed in tropical moist deciduous forest of South East Asia, mainly Mussourie and North-Eastern region of India, Afghanistan to Borneo, Hongkong, China, Japan and Ceylon. Due to anthropogenic reasons and unabated destruction of natural habitat, the distribution of this sericulturally important species is restricted to highly inacce ssible area. Hence, formulation of certain tangible conservation strategies is need of the hour for sustaining the population structure of Actias selene. The paper highlights on the strategies of ex situ and in situ conservation adopted in natural condition in Nagaland climatic condition. Under ex-situ conservation replicable rearing were conducted in selected isolated patch on their two natural host plants during March-May (Season-I), July-August (Season-II) and October-December (Season-III). Among the seasons, season-I (March-May) emerged as best for rearing of Actias selene with almost equal emphasis to both the host plants followed by season-III (October-December) and season-II (July-August). Under in-situ conservation additional breeding material were introduced in Natural habitat followed by three natural regeneration methods namely, release of seed cocoons, release of dfls in leaf cups and release of chawki worms. Maximum production of cocoon was obtained by release of chawki worms followed by release of eggs and seed cocoons.

3 tables, 35 ref

005180   Thakur A K;Yadav D K;Jhariaya M K (Farm Forestry Dep, Sargujan Univ, Ambikapur-497 001, Email: manu9589@gmail.com ) : Feeding behaviour and pugmark analysis of elephants in Sarguja, Chhattisgarh. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(4), 2060-5.

The pugmark analysis of the elephants offers basic information to track the wild elephant migratory route, identification and census. For its study, four blocks viz, Sitapur, Lundra, Batouli (Sarguja district) and Farsabahar (Jashpur district) of northern Chhattisgarh were selected because these blocks are commonly visited by elephants and a major path route of movement of heard in inter/intra state. The most commonly consumed species belongs to family poaceae (22.58%) followed by fabaceae (19.35%) but their diet was mainly dependent on availability of sea-sonal food round the year and on their migration. Elephants extensively fed on Artocarpus heterophyllus, Syzygium cumini, Acacia nilotica, A. catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Zizyphus mauritiana, Aegle marmelos and Ficus species, be-sides these elephants also utilized various grasses and shrubs as their food, which mainly included Dendrocalamus strictus, Cynodon dactylon etc. Elephants sometimes spent long time to feed on some particular plant species like D. strictus and Ficus species. Crop raiding, which was sporadic during the rainy season, gradually increased with more area being cultivated with the onset of monsoon. Analysis of pugmark revealed that the circumference varied from 63.80 cm to 172.70 cm whereas length x width varied from 22x20 cm to 60x55 cm, which reflects a substantial variation/differentiation of individual in heard in respect of their age, sex, size etc Therefore, management implications are needed to conserve the corridors for their long term survival and reduction of HEC. The study will be helpful to provide key information and facilitate better understating of the scenario to the forest department, policy maker and conservationist to plan, manage and improve the habitat towards the restoration and afforestation of suitable palatable species preferred by elephants of northern corridors of Chhattisgarh.

3 tables, 29 ref

005179   Ranjith V;Jose B (Zooogy Dep, St. Joseph's College, Devagiri, Calicut-673 008, Email: ranjithvengot@gmail.com) : Habitat preference of Indian peagowl (Pavo cristatus) in selected areas of Palakkad district, Kerala, India. Curr Sci 2016, 110(11), 2177-82.

The Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), a species of national importance, remains unstudied in major habitats of Kerala as well as the country as a whole. In Kerala, peafowl population is on the increase; they are now becoming an unconventional pest among the farmer community and an indicator species of change in climatic conditions. It has been estimated that peafowl show preference towards some habitats. Identification of their habitat preference by vegetation analysis will be effective in reducing the conflicts between man and bird with proper intervention.

6 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref

005178   Anarkkaly M;Cicilykutty A K (Zoology Dep, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram-695 015, Email: anarkkaly@gmail.com) : Habitat loss as an impediment to population growth in water fowl. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2016, 36(2), 135-40.

The population of white-breasted waterhen, Amaurornis phoenicurus phoenicurus has been reported to decline in numbers due to the loss of its habitat. As part of a study on the population structure of this species data on its density was collected from January 2013 to December 2015 from 53 habitats distributed in two sectors in Mannar Village. (9°5' N latitude and 76° 17' & 76° 44" east longitude), Alappuzha District, Kerala state, South India. Total count method for population studies was followed. The mean monthly population of adults showed a decrease of 32.43% in 2013-4 and 44% in 2013-15. Chicks showed a decrease of 40.42% in 2013-14 and 25% in 2014-15. Juveniles showed a decrease of 61.11% in 2013 -14 and 21.42% in 2014-15. ANOVA of the population of adults, chicks and juveniles during the months and in the different sectors were found significant. Study has proved that loss of wetland habitats are responsible for its decline. Hence effective wetland habitat management strategy is crucial for the conservation of this aquatic bird.

9 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

004180   Mathur M (NO, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur-342 003, Email: ravi_mm2099@yahoo.com) : Spatial distribution of Tephrosia purpurea on different habitats in relation to soil, community and site factors. Range Mgmt Agrofor 2016, 37(2), 148-54.

In natural communities, identification of environmental as well as species intrinsic factors associated with its spatial distribution is crucial one for establishing a more resilient community. Spatial paternities of Tephrosia purpurea were assessed at three different types of habitat, namely older alluvial plain (GAP), younger alluvial plain (YAP) and Piedmonts located (36 sites) with-in semiarid regions of the Indian Thar desert. Distinctive dispersion indices deals with diverse numerical inborn probabilities were quantified. The result revealed a dominant clumped pattern at GAP habitat, while site-specific patterns (random, uniform and clumped and uniform and random) recorded at YAP and at Piedmont. In totality, community parameters don't demonstrate any noteworthy association with the clumped pattern type of this species at GAP and YAP habitats, further at YAP habitat, site quality elements were additionally non-significant for any example sort. Threshold limits of some exploratory parameters also record that possibly would decide the faith of its distribution type.

3 illus, 2 tables, 40 ref

004179   D'Souza E;Mantri J;Surti A (Microbiology Dep, Sophia College for Women, Bhulabhai Desai Road, Mumbai-400 026, Email: mantri_jyoti@yahoo.co.in) : Primary screening of multipotent therapeutic properties exhibited by Indian propolis. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2016, 7(2), 135-40.

This study characterizes the antimicrobial, anti-oxidant properties and chemical profile of the propolis collected from the Shahapur region of Maharashtra. Chemical constituents were identified to be flavonoids, alkaloids, phytosterols, triterpenes and glycosides. Total phenolic content was 4.751 mg/g, while the protein content was 1.187 g percent. The anti-oxidant activity accounts to about 4.732 mM of ascorbic units, determined by phospho-molybdenum assay. Antimicrobial activities were tested on selected Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) bacteria, as well as on pathogenic fungi Candida albicans. Crude extracts in absolute ethanol was tested for in vitro anti-angiogenic activity by the CAM assay on fertilized Leghorn eggs. The anti-inflammatory test in terms of inhibition of hypotonicity-induced HRBC membrane lysis was determined to be 39.13% at 8000 μg/mL. Results indicated that propolis possesses remarkable properties and provide avenues for new chemical entities that could lead to the production of medicine in different therapeutic areas of health science.

1 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

004178   Clifton K M;Gan J;Gil H I (NO, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Amman 11195, Jordan, Email: kathrynmarieclifton@gmail.com) : User's perception on conservation on communal lands in Cumvbres de Monterrey National Park, Mexico. Range Mgmt Agrofor 2016, 37(2), 133-41.

Little is known about what strategies successfully alter the norms people hold about conservation, particularly when the resources in question are relied upon for subsistence. We surveyed 235 households in communal lands with grazing and forest management in Cumbres de Monterrey national park in Mexico to identify factors that influence conservation perceptions. When asked how the establishment of the park has affected member's natural resource management practices, 14.7% stated toward less conservation, 43.6% stated no impact and 41.8% stated toward more conservation. We found that; incentives for a limited few can cause negative perceptions of conservation, very clear property/resource boundaries are essential for positive conservation perceptions, land users that practice rotational grazing believe that the park has worsened conservation practices, and the number of trainings received did not significantly improve perceptions. These findings shed new light on the conservation interaction between a protected area and its inner and adjacent communal lands.

1 illus, 2 tables, 36 ref

003118   Sharma N;Pathania P C (Zoological Survey of India, Northern Reional Centre, 218 Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun-248 195, Email: narendersharma70@gmail.com) : Acridoidea (orthoptera) diversity of Kathlaur-Kaushlian Wildlife Sanctuary, Pathankot. J Insect Sci 2016, 29(1), 209-15.

A preliminary study on the Acridoidea (Orthoptera) diversity in terms of number of species and relative densities was conducted at Kathlaur-Kaushlian Wildlife Sanctuary (Pathankot, Punjab) India on November 10-11, 2011 and November 8, 2013. A total of 18 species belonging to 17 genera and 2 families were recorded from the sanctuary for the first time. The family Acrididae dominated the scene with 16 species, followed by Pyrgomorphidae with 2 species. The family Acrididae is represented by 7 subfamilies i.e. Oedipodinae (4 spp.), Acridinae (3 spp.), Catantopinae (3 spp.), Eyprepocnemidinae (2 spp.), Oxyinae (2 spp.), Spathosterninae (1 sp.), Gomphocerinae (1 sp.). An analysis of relative abundance revealed that of the 18 species reported, 3 species were classed as common, 6 as less common and the remaining 9 species as uncommon.

19 ref

003117   Sambath S (Zoological Survey of India, Central Zone Regional Centre, Vijay Nagar, Jabalpur-482 002) : Report on the moths of Ghatigaon Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh. Bionotes 2017, 19(1), 21-3.

1 table, 8 ref

003116   Paunikar S (NO, Tropical Forest Research Institute, P.O. RFRC, Mandla Road, Jabalpur-482 021, Email: sdpaunikar@gmail.com) : Wildlife mortality on the road by heavy vehicular movements near Dumma Nature Reserve, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. Indian J For 2015, 38(3), 209-14.

The incidence of wildlife mortalities on the road is widespread phenomenon reported numbers of countries in the world, despites this not much attention gain in our country. To address this issue, investigation on wildlife mortalities species, crushed due to heavy vehicle traffic movements were started to road passing through near Dumna Nature Reserve (DNR), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Central India during 2011-2013. The 58 species of wild animals were recorded road kill mortality during the investigation. Among these 8 (13.79%) species of amphibians, 14 (24.13%) species of reptiles, 16 (27.58%) species of birds and 20 (34.48%) species of mammals were found dead on the road by speedy vehicle near (DNR). Several wild animals come under Wildlife Protection Act. (1972) with different scheduled and 1UCN status also included. The 14 (24.13%) species LR-lc, 24 (41.37%) species LC and 18 (31.03%) species LR-nt, come under different IUCN status. It is needed to save our precious wildlife biodiversity from road kill mortality by taking all possible protection measures to heavy traffic movement.

1 table, 32 ref

003115   Bhalodia K;Dave S M;Soni V C;Sanghani T; Pandia V (Biosciences Dep, Saurashtra Univ, Rajkot-360 005, Email: davesanjay@gmail.com) : Birds of Rampara Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat. Bionotes 2017, 19(1), 17-20.

1 table, 7 ref

002089   Chowdhury A (Zoology Dep, East Calcutta Girls' College, Lake Town, Kolkata-700 089, Email: amitshampa84@rediffmail.com) : Avian diversity in some areas of North dum dum municipality, Kolkata. Bionotes 2016, 18(1), 29-30.

2 ref

002088   Ahmad R;Mishra C;Singh N J;Kaul R;Bhatnagar Y V (Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore 3076/5, IV Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore-570 002, Email: riyaz@wti.org.in) : Forage and security trade-offs by markhor Capra falconeri mothers. Curr Sci 2016, 110(8), 1559-64.

Food acquisition and security from predators are primary determinants of habitat use in ungulates. There is usually a trade-off in the response of animals to these two factors, influenced by the individual's reproductive state. Females with vulnerable offspring, after parturition, are expected to compromise food acquisition for security. In temperate species such as the markhor Capra falconeri, however, the females give birth at a time when nutritious forage begins to become available after the long lean period of winter. The need to access quality forage in spring should, therefore, be significant even for new mothers, making the issue of female habitat choice particularly interesting and important to understand. We assessed habitat use patterns of the Pirpanjal markhor during the winter and parturition periods, to examine the response of markhor females to contrasting pressures of forage acquisition and neonate security. Markhor were observed during morning and evening hours along trails and vantage points in the Limber Wildlife Sanctuary, western Himalaya, India. Vegetation abundance and quality were assessed. Principal Components Analyses revealed ;hat during winter, as expected, access to forage was the primary factor influencing habitat choice by female markhor. Following parturition, however, despite the low availability of quality forage throughout the preceding winter, markhor mothers predominantly used secure areas with steep slopes closer to cliffs, even though they were poorer in forage availability. Our results underscore the importance of neonate security in determining habitat use of markhor and the causes of low productivity of this population.

2 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

001050   Oraon P R;Singh L;Jhariya M K (NO, Birsa Agriculture Univ, Ranchi, Jharkhand-834 006, Email: manu9589@gmail.com) : Shrub species diversity in relation to anthropogenic distrubance of Bhoramdeo Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh. Envir Ecol 2015, 33(2A), 996-1002.

In the present study an attempt was made to investigate the structure and diversity of shrub species along the disturbance gradient of tropical deciduous forest in Bhoramdeo Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh. The study was conducted in three forest circles viz. Bhoramdeo, Jamunpani and Salehwara circle comprising of three disturbance gradients i.e., heavily disturbed, moderately disturbed and lightly disturbed site, respectively. The variation in structure, composition and diversity in all the three disturbed sites of different circle were quantified. A total of 4-9, 4-12 and 3-10 species of shrubs were found on heavily, moderately and lightly disturbed site, respectively. The density was 760-1600 stems ha^{-1, 1480-3080 stems ha-1 and 1840-2720 steins ha-1 for heavily, moderately and lightly disturbed site. The total basal area was 0.60-2.13, 1.35-2.49 and 0.39-0.96 m2 ha-1 for heavily, moderately and lightly disturbed site across the circle. Shannon index values in the present study in different forest circle along the disturbance gradient were ranged from 0.71 -5.27, concentration of dominance from 0.13-0.77, species richness from 0.27-1.37, equitability from 0.52-2.12 and beta diversity from 1.00-2.25, respectively. The forest ecosystems of Bhoramdeo Wildlife Sanctuary are experiencing disturbances of various magnitudes. Practices for removal of forest biomass in the form of grazing, lopping, wildfire and litter removal at a given time are a continuous disturbance affecting the stability of the ecosystem and retarding the succes-sional processes in the area.}

4 tables, 31 ref

001049   Chaudhary D D;Bhupendra Kumar;Mishra G;Omkar (Ladybird Research Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007, Email: omkaar55@hotmail.com) : Food resource exploitation in ladybirds: consequences of prey species and size. Curr Sci 2016, 110(7), 1343-9.

In the present study, preference between larger and smaller instars of Acyrthosiphon pisum and Aphis craccivora by small and large female variants of lady-birds Menochilus sexmaculatus and Propylea dissecta has been investigated. Results reveal that both ladybird species consumed smaller prey, A. craccivora over larger prey, A. pisum when kept individually and/or in combination. Although small and large female variants of both ladybird species consumed smaller and larger instars of A. craccivora respectively, they preferred smaller instars of A. pisum. Similar results were also recorded within combinations. Thus, food resource exploitation in both ladybirds is due to both prey species and size.

4 tables, 35 ref

022205   Sarkar A (Zoology Dep, Agra College, Agra-282 002, Email: amieeta@gmail.com) : Status of sarus crane Grus antigone antigone in relation to the status of wetlands of Mainpuri (Uttar Pradesh), India. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(1), 261-4.

District Mainpuri lies about 125 Km from Agra (U.P.). It has many wetlands, thus it serves as a habitat for many wetland birds including Sarus Crane. Sarus Crane is found in the northern, central and north-eastern parts of India. It is the 'state bird' of Uttar Pradesh. The Sarus Crane (Grus antigone) is a large non-migratory crane. Five study sites of wetlands were selected in Mainpuri for study,viz Markandeshwar, Bhamwat canal, Sauj, Saman bird sanctuary and Krithua. Saman bird sanctuary is situated in Mainpuri; which provides good habitat for birds. Their population is declining and requires attention.

5 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

022204   Jasmine B;Singh Y;Onial M;Mathur V B (Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, Email: bibajasmine@gmail.com) : Traditional knowledge systems in India for biodiversity conservation. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(2), 304-12.

The term 'Traditional Knowledge' (TK), also used reciprocally with indigenous knowledge, is used to describe any indigenous knowledge, innovation, or custom, tradition of local communities that is important in protection, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and various traditions. TK is vital to the food security and health of millions of people and is developed and passed on from generation to generation in the form of accounts, songs, cultural values, local languages, customs and customary practices, healing arts, and agricultural practices, for the collective good of the communities. It closely interlinks cultural and biological diversity, forming an essential basis for the conservation and sustainable use of global biodiversity. Also within the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the contracting States have undertaken to respect and promote TK and to make it locally accessible. This paper entails information related to various initiatives, programs, plans and India's progress towards Aichi Biodiversity Target 18 of the Strategic Plan of Biodiversity 2020 and discusses meaningful integration of TK of indigenous and local communities into Biodiversity Conservation. The details were compiled by undertaking an extensive review of the literature, scientific papers, reports and articles. The presented information was collected as part of the preparation of the India's Fifth National Report (NR5) to the CBD.

45 ref

022203   Bhupathy S;Jins V J;Babu S;Jose J (Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatti (PO), Coimbatore-641 108) : Distribution and conservation status of the caenophidian snake, Xylophis captaini Gower & Winkler, 2007 in the Western Ghats, India. Curr Sci 2016, 110(5), 908-12.

We update the distribution of the little known Captain's Wood Snake (Xylophis captaini) in the Western Ghats, based on new observations and collation of the literature. The Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm was used to predict the distribution of the species, which showed potential sites south of 10°N and elevations between 50 and 1000 m amsl. Xylophis captaini is listed as 'Least Concern' under IUCN criteria, and we suggest the possible elevation of its status to the 'Near-Threatened' category on account of its narrow distributional range and general lack of data on its ecology. The present study highlights the utility of niche models in assessing the distribution of cryptic and little known species in biodiversity-rich areas such as the Western Ghats.

4 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

022202   Baral D;Verma A (Zoology Dep, VBU, Hazaribag, Email: debjyotibaral@gmail.com) : Biodiversity conservation by promoting ecotourism-A case study on Gawai dam, Bokaro Steel City. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(1), 265-7.

The present investigation was carried out to study the local and migratory species of animals in Gawai dam and their conservation by promoting ecotourism. Gawai dam is a good picnic spot near Pindrajora on Purulia road. It is not only the popular picnic spot but also the destination for few species of migratory birds like Gadwall. It is also the home and breeding site for the Alexandrine parakeet (reported as endangered species in September 2013). A few species of insects and plants; present there could be the point of attraction for the entomologists and botanists. Local people use some of these plants for medicinal purpose. But this dam was heavily damaged on 13th October 2013, and the side walls of the dam got broken resulting into the disturbance of ecology of that area. Also the pollution created by the people coming for picnic by spreading the non-biodegradable substances is a major threat for this area. If the process of declination of flora and fauna continues in the same rate, then in near future, it will lose all its ecological.

1 illus, 6 ref

020190   Sanjeev Kumar;Seema Kumar (NO, Desert Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: dr.kumarsanjeev@gmail.com) : Sighting record of oriental honey buzzard; Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821) from sun city Jodhpur, Rajasthan. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 405-8.

The aves are one of the most diverse and versatile class of the animal kingdom due to their colourful variance and powerful ability to fly. The Buzzard family Accipitridae is an important family of the order Falconiformes of Aves. They are the most fascinating raptors among all. The present paper records the sighting of Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821) from Jodhpur for the first time.

1 table, 20 ref

020189   Jaipal B R (Zoology Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Email: brjaipal.jnvu@gmail.com) : Feeding habit of desert fox (Vulpes vulpes Pusilla) in the desert national risk of Rajasthan, India. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 275-77.

Desert fox (Vulpes vulpes pusilla) is distributed in western desert areas of Indian subcontinent. It is listed with schedule-II of Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. In recent decades, it was a very common animal in the desert but now its number has declined to an alarming state. This omnivorous animal feeds upon insects, scorpion, lizards, snakes, birds, eggs, rodents, seeds and fruits of Ziziphus nummularia, Salvadora persica, Prosopis cineraria, Capparis decidua, Cucumis melo, Citrullus lanatus, Grewia tenax etc. A study was conducted on its feeding behavior using scat analysis technique during 2008-2012. A total of 100 scat samples were collected from three study areas at Desert National Park (Sanctuary) i.e. Sudasari, Khuri and Kanoi. These samples were analyzed using direct observation technique in laboratory. About 58% parts were found to be plant material which included seeds, grasses, leaves, seeds of fruits of Ziziphus nummularia, Salvadora persica, Prosopis cineraria, Capparis decidua, and Prosopis juliflora. In summers the plant contents were higher than the winters. 49% scat samples were found to contain hairs followed by 27% containing feathers of birds and 17% with bones of mammals, birds and reptiles, whereas, 7% was found containing romance of Arthropods. A need has been concluded for conserving this endangered species by checking its habitat loss so that ecobalance of prey-predator relationship would be maintained in the desert.

2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

019120   Nawar K;Sharma O P (Botany P.G. Dep, Govt. College, Bundi (Rajasthan), Email: kapil.nawar@yahoo.com) : Rare and threatened taxa of Ramgarh vishdhari wild life sanctuary district Bundi (Rajasthan). Adv Pl Sci 2015, 28(2), 193-4.

The present manuscript explored the rare and threatened plant species in Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life Sanctuary of Bundi district (Rajasthan). Taking regular visits in different seasons 26 plant species of rare type have been recorded in the region.

9 ref

019119   Bakhtin R F (NO, The Shukshin Altai State Academy of Education, 53, Korolenko Street, Biysk, Altai Territory, 659333, Russian Federation) : On the problem of nesting tress preferred by Milvus migrans in the forest belts of the south of Western Siberia. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2015, 12(3), 2427-31.

The paper presents the data about Black Kite nesting in forest belts in the South of Western Siberia in the Altai territory. The length of the studied plantations was 50 km. In the study, 72 nesting trees of this predator were identified. Black Kites' preferences in selecting the specie of testing trees, its ontogenetic state, trunk thickness and tree strength were tested with the use of Ivlev-Jacobs selectivity index. The results have showed that the most preferred for nesting tree species in forest belts are poplar Populus sp. (selectivity index 0.5), birch Betula sp. occupied in proportion to their abundance (-0.02), while pine Pinus silvestris and maple Acer sp. are ignored to various degrees. By the ontogenetic state, middle-aged generative trees (0.74) are preferred, and old generative trees (-0.18) are ignored to a certain degree. In respect to the diameter of nesting trees' trunks, trees 31-40 cm in diameter are preferred (0.23). In proportion to their abundance, trees 21-30 cm in diameter are used (-0.04). Trees with other trunk thickness are ignored to various degrees, up to being totally avoided. The most preferred for nesting in forest belts are the trees with the index of power of 1.6-2 (0.31). Trees with the index of 1.1 to 1.5, and 2.1 to 2.5 are used approximately in proportion to their abundance (-0.02 and -0,07, respectively), and trees with the values of this index more than 2.6 and less than 1 are almost or completely ignored.

6 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

018113   Khan K A;Khan J A (Wildlife Sciences Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: khursid.amu@gmail.com) : Status, abundance and population ecology of nilgai (Boselaphs tragocamelus Pallas) in Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(2), 1080-6.

The data on population ecology of nilgai was collected in Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India from August 2013 to June 2014. A total of 108 herds of nilgai 54 in each season (summer and winter) were encountered, respectively. The density of nilgai was found 0.49/km² in Aligarh district. While the encounter rate was found 0.66 individuals per km. There was a mark seasonal change seen in group size of nilgai i.e. 11.38 ± 2.76, and 22.83 ± 5.40 in winter and summer, respectively. The overall mean group size was found 17.10 ± 4.08. The sex ratio of nilgai was female biased, adult male:adult female ratio was found 1:3 while overall sex ratio was found 61.55%, 26.32% and 44% male, yearling and calves on per 100 females, respectively. The nilgai shows mark seasonal change in their group structure. The group size was found maximum at 25% in 0-5 individual category and minimum 9.25 in <62>21 category in winter, while about 30% were seen in <62>21 category and only 11% were seen in between 0-5 category in summer season. Thus, the nilgai was found less sociable in winter and more gregarious in summer season.

2 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

018112   Kapkoti B;Joshi R K;Rawal R S (Biodiversity Conservation and Management, G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263 643, Email: bhawanakapkoti@yahoo.com) : Variations in the abundance and diversity of insects in apple orchards of Kumaun, Western Himalaya, India. Curr Sci 2016, 110(3), 438-43.

Availability of pollinators in a landscape plays a significant role in pollination success, which is essentially important for crops like apple with high dependence on animal-mediated pollination. Realizing this, to estimate the availability (diversity and density) of insect visitors, including pollinators, the present study included pan trap experiments and transect walks for assessment of foraging resources across eight apple orchards in Kumaun, Western Himalaya, India. It was observed that insects were attracted more towards yellow traps, and availability was highest in summer season. Apple mass flowering during summer, in spite of lower diversity of other foraging resource, helps in maintaining availability of insect groups.

2 illus, 2 tables, 60 ref

018111   Arumugam K;Brinda;Soundrapandiyan; Ramasubramaniyan T (Biodiversity Conservation Foundation, , Trichy, Tamil Nadu, Email: wildlifewardennagapattinam@gmail.com) : Community participation proves to be a conservation measure for bryde's whale. Scient Trans Envir Technovation 2015, 8(4), 212-14.

Conservation of an ecosystem or an individual species has taken a different perspective in this century by community based participation either voluntarily or by a specific management measures. One such volunteered effort by the local stake holders in rescuing a stranded baleen whale (Bryde's whale) has led to a step forward in conservation of the species. Biodiversity Conservation Foundation (BCF) was one among the local stakeholders in an operation to rescue a ballen whale that washed up on Mannavaram swamp of Siruthalaikadu in Vedaranyam, Nagapattinam district on June 30, 2012. Inspite of the initial rescue efforts, the whale had drifted deeper in the marshy waters during night time on June 30, 2012 causing injuries to the whale. However, by the consistent efforts and appreciable coordination of the local commuity, on the following day the whale was moved to a a depth of seven feet into the sea. Such communit driven rescue operation has been highlighted towards successful rescue and reintroduction of the baleem whale (Bryde's whale), which has opened the eyes of researchers to overlook at the different scenario in conservation.

3 illus, 8 ref

016063   Babu S;Karthik T;Srinivas G;Kumara H N (NO, , Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore-641 108, Email: honnavallik@gmail.com) : Linking critical patches of sloth bear Melursus ursinus for their conservation in Meghamalai hills, Western Ghats, India. Curr Sci 2015, 109(8), 1492-8.

Study examines the distribution and factors regulating the sloth bear in a fragmented hills of Meghamalai in Western Ghats through occupancy framework. Indirect evidences were sought over 133 grids of 4 sq. km size between December 2011 and December 2012. Indirect evidences were recorded in 58 of 133 sampled grids that estimated native occupancy of 0.43 (p = 0.3180). Understorey cover negatively affected the detection of indirect evidences. The parsimonious model contained three covariates, viz. tree height, grass cover and anthropogenic disturbance. Overall occupancy of bear was 0.54, which is 25% higher than the native occupancy estimate. The study predicted higher proportion of evergreen forests with intermediate grass cover and less extent of disturbance determines the occupancy of bear in these hills. The 'critical link' connecting Periyar-Agastiyamalai hills and Anamalai hills is still active and supports high suitable sites for bears. It is suggested that Ammagajam-Upper Manalar Contiguity and Critical Link needs to be protected by appending with Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary.

5 illus, 5 tables, 28 ref

015035   Kaumanns W;Singh M (NO, LTM Research and Conservation, 37130 Gleichen, Germany, Email: mewasinghltm@gmail.com) : Towards more individual-based and fitness-oriented captive mammal population management. Curr Sci 2015, 109(6), 1121-9.

Many captive populations of birds and mammals are not likely to reach sustainability due mostly to breeding problems. Identifying the conditions under which breeding problems and poor population growth are likely to occur and establishing more appropriate conditions, therefore, will be a necessary prerequisite for future successful conservation breeding and the long-term survival of captive populations. This article analyses the basic approaches and concepts of management programmes for captive mammals. It discusses and propagates an approach which might help increase the productivity of the populations and decrease the risk of viability problems. Evolutionary biology, ecology and conservation biology provide concepts that propose a critical role of the individual phenotype in the context of evolutionary processes, population development and conservation practice. It is assumed that this is not yet sufficiently reflected in the management of captive mammals and possibly other populations, thus contributing to fitness problems. A more individual-based population management that intends to focus on the 'quality' of the individuals and the individual phenotype therefore is proposed. Individuals have to be managed such that they are phenotypically represented in future generations.

68 ref

014026   Mehala C;Richard Jagatheesan P N;Senthil Kumar P;Paramasivam A;Clement Ebenezer Henry A (Directorate of Centre for Animal Production Studies, Regional Centre, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Pudukkotai-622 004, Email: mehala.c@gmail.com) : Incidence of tibiotarsal rotation and its effect on production performance in emu birds. Indian vet J 2015, 92(10), 44-5.

Present study was undertaken to elucidate the incidence of tibiotarsal rotation and its relation to productivity in emu birds at Regional Research Centre, Pudukkottai. A total of 15 chicks were affected/among 116 chicks hatched during the breeding season. In the present study, the severely affected eight emu chicks (mean ± SE) died on 39.76± 4.07 days of age. Seven chicks showed only mild symptoms and were able to survive with reduced movement. The study revealed 12.93 per cent of chicks were affected with tibiotarsal rotation in 4 to 8 weeks age group. Further significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was observed between the body weight (Kg) of tibiotarsal affected and control group emu birds.

9 ref

011995   Vazhov S V (NO, The Shukshin Altai State Academy of Education, 53, Korolenko Street, Biysk, The Altai Territory, Russian Federation, 659 333) : Distribution and abundance of carnivorous birds of prey (falconiformes, strigiformes) in the valley of the Bolshaya Rechka river(the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve, the Altai territory, Russia). Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2015, 12(2), 1495-502.

Work contains materials of bird count performed on August 03-09, 2013 along the Bolshaya Rechka River within the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve. We used a standard technique of route monitoring with unlimited surveillance area. The length of the route was 59 km; the total accounting area was 17.7 km^{2. The total of 93 bions and 40 breeding areas of 9 species of birds have been found. Another 4 species were found in the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve and its neighborhood during fragmentary observations in 2012. The research made it possible to conclude that the surveyed area is inhabited by fairly significant populations of common honey buzzards, black kites, sparrow hawks, common buzzards, greater spotted eagles, white-tailed eagles and hobby falcons. The greatest number is observed in populations of black kites (27-28 nesting couples) and sparrow hawks (19-20 couples). The work contains materials of bird count performed on August 03-09, 2013 along the Bolshaya Rechka River within the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve. We used a standard technique of route monitoring with unlimited surveillance area. The length of the route was 59 km; the total accounting area was 17.7 km2. The total of 93 bions and 40 breeding areas of 9 species of birds have been found. Another 4 species were found in the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve and its neighborhood during fragmentary observations in 2012. The research made it possible to conclude that the surveyed area is inhabited by fairly significant populations of common honey buzzards, black kites, sparrow hawks, common buzzards, greater spotted eagles, white-tailed eagles and hobby falcons. The greatest number is observed in populations of black kites (27-28 nesting couples) and sparrow hawks (19-20 couples). The work contains materials of bird count performed on August 03-09, 2013 along the Bolshaya Rechka River within the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve. We used a standard technique of route monitoring with unlimited surveillance area. The length of the route was 59 km; the total accounting area was 17.7 km2. The total of 93 bions and 40 breeding areas of 9 species of birds have been found. Another 4 species were found in the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve and its neighborhood during fragmentary observations in 2012. The research made it possible to conclude that the surveyed area is inhabited by fairly significant populations of common honey buzzards, black kites, sparrow hawks, common buzzards, greater spotted eagles, white-tailed eagles and hobby falcons. The greatest number is observed in populations of black kites (27-28 nesting couples) and sparrow hawks (19-20 couples). The work contains materials of bird count performed on August 03-09, 2013 along the Bolshaya Rechka River within the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve. We used a standard technique of route monitoring with unlimited surveillance area. The length of the route was 59 km; the total accounting area was 17.7 km2. The total of 93 bions and 40 breeding areas of 9 species of birds have been found. Another 4 species were found in the "Bolsherechensky" state reserve and its neighborhood during fragmentary observations in 2012. The research made it possible to conclude that the surveyed area is inhabited by fairly significant populations of common honey buzzards, black kites, sparrow hawks, common buzzards, greater spotted eagles, white-tailed eagles and hobby falcons. The greatest number is observed in populations of black kites (27-28 nesting couples) and sparrow hawks (19-20 couples).}

10 illus, 15 ref

011994   Vazeed Pasha S;Satish K V;Reddy C S;Jha C S (Forestry and Ecology Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Balanagar, Hyderabad-500 037) : Massive invasion of mesquite (Prosopis Juliflora) in Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary, India. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2015, 38(3), 271-3.

Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the largest wildlife sanctuaries in India represents 'Indian wild ass' (Equus hemionus khur), an endangered desert mammal of the world. The present study has found desert mammals are supporting rapid invasion of Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora). Multi-temporal satellite images of 1977-2011 have been used for spatial quantification of Mesquite. The annual expansion rate of Mesquite cover has been estimated between 1.66 and 6.87 during the studied phases indicates significant threat to indigenous biodiversity.

14 ref

011993   Satish K V;Pasha S V;Krishna P H;Reddy C S (Forestry & Ecology Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, Balanagar, Hyderabad-500 037) : Achyranthes Coynei Santapau(Amaranthaceae): An Endemic and threatened species from Kachchh Desert, India. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2015, 38(3), 281-2.

Achyranthes coynei Santapau (Amaranthaceae) is an endemic and red listed species of India. It was recorded for the first time from Kachchh biosphere reserve and forms new distributional record for the Indian Desert region and Gujarat state. It is being described along with field photographs to facilitate easy identification of the taxon.

8 ref

011992   Gupta S K (Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, 'M' Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: skumarento@gmail.com) : Distributional records of orthoptera (insecta) fauna of Badalkhol Wildlilfe Sanctuary, Jashpur, Chhattisgarh, India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(2), 125-33.

Paper deals with the study of faunal diversity of Orthoptera of Badalkhol Wildlife Sanctuary, Jashpur, Chhattisgarh. Altogether 31 species and subspecies pertaining to 29 genera belonging to 6 families of Orthopteran fauna have been reported for the first time from the sanctuary.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

010945   Krisadianto;Soemarno;Udiansyah;Januwiadia B; Fran S;Atmojo B T (Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat Univ, Banjarbaru, Indonesia, Email: tanuhi_k@yahoo.com) : Variation of bird habitat in Banjarbaru, Indonesia. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2015, 17(2), 423-30.

Presence of urban birds in green space have been investigated. This research aims to elucidate population variation among urban zonations of the City of Banjarbaru, Indonesia. The first zone was determined less than 3 km from the center of the city. Then the second and the third zones were set up within 3 to 6 km and more than 6 km respectively. Study was focused on three wooded built and natural parks, and 20 wooded streets. Birds were recorded by sights and ears when they stop on the ground or trees from point counts and certain speed pacing by walking in one side of street. Habitat vegetation was recorded with their characters, include diameter at breast height, tree height, canopy volume and tree species and positions. The result shows there are 7 species of birds in wooded street tress and built parks in the first zone, 20 species in natural parks around the second zone, and 24 species in the natural park located in the third zone. Statistically the number of habitat vegetation is different among those zones. In the wooded street tress, birds share in preference to all the tress. Similarly in built parks birds did not have a preference trees, but in the natural parks birds preferred to use interior wooded trees rather than in the periphery.

2 table, 44 ref

009900   Tyagi R;Naik N (NO, National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Powai, Mumbai, Email: ranityagi@gmail.com) : Monetary valuation of road traffic noise in Mumbai. Pollut Res 2015, 34(2), 277-83.

Noise, which continues to be one of the main environmental problems facing India, is gaining its importance as a result of the rise in noise levels that comes about with increasing economic activity. Monetary valuation of noise is also necessary in order to determine optimal environmental taxes on road traffic, rail traffic and air traffic. The main objective of this study is to study different social and economic factors affecting peoples' willingness to pay and their attitudes towards noise reduction in Mumbai city. This study estimates the willingness-to-pay value for a sample population in Mumbai. It also shows that marital status, education, income level exert considerable influences on the individual's willingness-to-pay values. However, age, sex and ownership of house were found not to exert any significant influence on individual's willingnesto- pay values.

1 illus, 3 table, 23 ref