000001   Sreekumar P G;Balakrishnan M (Zoology Dep, Univ of Kerala, Kariavattom-695 581) : Diversity and habitat preference of butterflies in neyyar wildlife sanctuary, South India. Entomon 2001, 26(1), 11-22.

A study on the diversity and habitat preferences of butterfiles was carried out in a south Indian tropical rain forest using transect method. the occurrence of 84 species of butterflies under nine families was revealed. Nymphalidae was the largest among the identified families. Maximum number of endemic species was in undisturbed evergreen forest followed by moderately disturbed moist deciduous forest. Mud puddling and aggregation on excreta were observed in 15 species. Members of the family danaidae such as the blue tigers (Tirumala limniace) and the glassy blue tigers (Parantica aglea) were found to concentrate on Crotalaria scabra (Fabaceae), a known alkalioid source.

2 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

009406   Ganesan R (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), , Hebbal, Bangalore) : Evergreen forest swamps and their plant species diversity in Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, South Western Ghats, India. Indian For 2002, 128(12), 1351-9.

Fresh water swamps dominated by Elaeocarpus venustus Bedd. are one among the many important habitat types of medium elevation evergreen forests in the southern Western Ghats, India. This is yet another important unique habitat type similar to Myristica swamps in the low elevation evergreen forests of Western Ghats. E. venustus is an endemic plant listed in Red Data book and the habitat is also most threatened due to damming and clearing for plantations in the past. Three types of swamps have been identified based on the distribution of E. venustus and other associated plant species in the swamps. This swampy habitat supports many rare plant species. Trees in the swamps are loaded with various epiphytic plants including orchids compared to the surrounding closed canopy forest. Swamps in the medium elevation evergreen forests with E. venustus deserves high priority for conservation as many plants in this unique habitat are rare and endemics.

4 illus, 12 ref

008343   Srinivasulu C (Wildlife Biology Section, Zoology Dep, University College of Science(A), Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007) : The gaur Bos Gaurus smith, 1827 in kawal wildlife sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh. Zoos Print J 2003, 18(2), 1025-6.

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008342   Dhoot V M;Upadhye S V;Zinjarde R M;Pande M R (Maharajbag Zoo, College of Agriculture, Nagpur) : Handrearing of jackal (Canis aureus) at Maharajbag Zoo, Nagpur. Zoos Print J 2003, 18(1), 995-6.

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006172   Srinivasulu C (Wildlife Biology Section, Zoology Dep, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007) : Site records of yellow-throated bulbul Pycnonotus xantholaemus (Jerdon, 1844), in the Nallamala hills, Eastern ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India. Zoos Print J 2003, 18(3), 1051-2.

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006171   Sivakumar S;Vibhu Prakash (NO, Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Dr. Salim Ali Chowk, S.B. Singh Road, Mumbai-400 023) : Recent sighting of red-breasted hill-partridge Arborophila mandellii from Buxa tiger reserve, West Bengal, India. Zoos Print J 2003, 18(3), 1052.

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006170   Saseendran P C;Rajendran S;Subramanian H; Anil K S (Livestock Production and Management Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur-680 651) : Incidence of gastro-intestinal parasites in Nilgiri tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius) of Fravikulam National park, Kerala. Zoos Print J 2003, 18(3), 1057.

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006169   Nair A;Vyas R (NO, , 81, Shopping Centre, Kota-324 007) : Nesting record of black ibis Pseudibis papilliosa in Kota district, Rajasthan. Zoos Print J 2003, 18(3), 1050.

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006168   Kasambe R M (NO, , M.R. Colony, MIDC Bypass, Amravati-444 606) : Additions to the birds of Melghat tiger reserve, Maharashtra. Zoos Print J 2003, 18(3), 1050.

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003112   Singh V N (Media Div, Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, Dehra Dun) : Symptomatic study of haemorrhagic septicaemia in elephant in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu. Indian For 2002, 128(10), 1089-1100.

Symptoms of haemorrhagic septicaemia, a dreaded disease in elephant is recorded in this study which reveals systematic spread of Oedema from jowl to throat, neck, brisket, abdomen and perenical regions. It also records the changes in character / colour of dung, urine, eye, tongue, trunk, body temperature, feeding habit and body condition along with treatment given to cure the disease.

6 illus, 4 ref

003111   Sharma P K;Raghavaiah P S (NO, Wildlife Management Circle, Tirupati) : Effect of rainfall of grey pelican (Pelicanus philippensis) arriving and breeding at Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh. Indian For 2002, 128(10), 1101-05.

Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary is an important breeding site for Grey Pelican. The number of pelicans arriving at NBS vary from year to year. The number of birds visiting NBS and quantity of rainfall received was studied for the last 10 years. Indicates positive relationship between number of birds visiting NBS and quantity of rainfall received. Also shows relation between the success of breeding and quantity of rainfall received. However also reveals that the number of birds arriving NBS is not totally dependent on rainfall and further studies are required. However success of breeding is directly proportional to the quantity of rainfall received.

1 illus, 2 tables

003110   Pati B P;Vijayan S (Wildlife Div, Gir National Park and Sanctuary, Sasan-Gir) : Cub mortality in asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica) in Gir sanctuary and national park Gujarat: a cause for population stablization. Indian For 2002, 128(10), 1159-61.

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003109   Khadri S S M S;Valandikar S C (NO, Shri Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens, Mysore) : Hand rearing of Giraffe calves at Sri Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens, Mysore. Indian For 2002, 128(10), 1153-8.

Successful hand-rearing of four giraffe calves at Shri Chamarajendra Zoological Garden, Mysore was done with feeding of calves with cow colostrum (1000 ml) on the 1st day every 3 hrs to 3rd day for 3 days and 50 percent of whole cow milk (500 ml) and 50 percent of colostrum (500 ml) next 72 hours. Further 3 days with 75 percent of colostrum and 25 percent of whole cow milk up to 1200 ml was given. Giving increment of 300 ml up to 3rd month and further increase up 100 ml up to 6th month was practiced. From 7th month onwards, 100 ml cow milk was reduced every month up to 9th month. The calf was weaned at this stage. Browsing was practiced from 20th day onwards with Acacia leaves, fresh grass, Ficus, Neem and Jamun leaves. Concentrate was given at 4th month onwards. Daily feeding of cow milk 6 times a day continued up to 5th month. From 6th month onwards. Daily feeding of cow milk 6 times a day continued up to 5th month. From 6th month onwards 5 feeds of cow milk a day, on 7th month 4 feeds of cow milk a day were done. On 8th month, 3 feeds of cow milk a day, 9th month 2 feeds a day for a month and then discontinued. The calf was then left to feed with fellow brothers and parents to graze and browse in the enclosure. Supplementation of Vitamins, minerals started from 3rd week onwards.

2 illus, 2 tables

002027   Dhoot V M;Upadhye S V;Bhojne G R;Dakshinkar N P (NO, College of Agriculture, Maharajbagh Zoo, Nagpur-440 001) : Phytobezoar in a blue bull. Indian vet J 2002, 79(3), 297.

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022787   Srivastava T;Dutta P K (NO, WWF- India, Western Arunachal Field Office, Parvati, Email: tnu_990@yahoo.co.in) : Snow partridge hopes for a safe home in Arunachal Pradesh. Curr Sci 2010, 98(3), 289.

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022786   Singh G;Rawat G S (Habitat Ecology Dep, Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun-248 001, Email: gajendrawat@yahoo.com) : Is the future of oak (Quercus spp.) forests safe in the western Himalayas?. Curr Sci 2010, 98(11), 1-420.

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022785   Singh B (NO, , 24 B, C-4D Janakpuri, N. Delhi) : Land of the white tiger. Cheetal 2010, 49(1), 20-3.

022784   Rishi V (NO, , Chandrabani grant, PO Mohabbewala, Dehradun-248 110, Email: vinodrishi@rediffmail.com) : Procedure for tracing representatives tiger pugmarks. Cheetal 2010, 49(1), 9-11.

022783   Krishnan M (NO, , ) : The cheetah. Cheetal 2010, 49(1), 24-5.

022782   Divyabhanusinh (NO, , 310 Gom Defence Colony, Vaishali Marg, Jaipur-302 021, Email: sawaj_cheetah@rediffmail.com) : Translocation of large cats A forgotten legacy of india and present day prospects. Cheetal 2010, 49(1), 5-8.

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022781   Bashir T (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun-248 001, Email: tbashir@wii.gov.in) : Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica) seeks help. Curr Sci 2010, 98(3), 287-8.

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022780   Baros A M K;Baros A (NO, , B-101, Gayatrinagar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh) : Blue bull with three calves. Cheetal 2010, 49(1), 18-19.

021814   Wakid A (NO, Gangetic Dolphin Research and Conservation Programme, Aaranyak, 50, Samanwoy Path, Survey, Beltola, Guwahati-781 028, Email: wakid@aaranyak.org) : Status and distribution of the endangered Gangetic dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) in the Brahmaputra river within India in 2005. Curr Sci 2009, 97(8), 1143-51.

A population assessment survey of the endangered Ganges river dolphin was made between February and April 2005 in the Brahmaputra River starting from Assam-Arunachal Pradesh border to the India-Bangladesh border. One hundred and ninety seven dolphins were recorded in the entire 856 km river stretch with an encounter rate of 0.23 dolphins per km. Encounter rates of dolphin in different sectors were significantly different. Calves and subadult encounter rates were recorded as highest in the Brahmaputra stretch within the Kaziranga National Park. No significant difference was found between the number of calves and subadults, calves and adults as well as subadults and adults. The variations in depth structure of the river were highly significant along different stretches. The number of dolphins occurring in different depths was found to be significantly different and the highest number was found in a depth of 4.1-6 m. Gill net encounter rate was significantly different in different stretches of the river with maximum encounter rate recorded from Goalpara to Dhubri. Accidental killing through gill net and poaching of dolphin for oil are the most dangerous threats to the survival of these dolphins. Close monitoring of dolphins and their habitats involving local communities are required for long term conservation of the species in the Brahmaputra River.

5 illus, 3 table, 35 ref

021813   Midha N;Mathur P K (WII-MoEF-NNRMS Project, Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box No. 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun-248 001, Email: mathurpk@wii.gov.in) : Conservation implications of the channel changes in Sharda river on endangered swamp deer population and floodplain ecosystem in Kishanpur wildlife sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh, India. Curr Sci 2010, 98(5), 665-72.

One surviving stronghold of endangered Northern swamp deer is Jhadi taal (lake) in Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary on the floodplains of Sharda River. Changes in channel characteristics and land use/cover in a stretch of the river were detected during 1948-2001 and their impact on deer habitat was assessed. Analyses revealed consistent shift of west bank line towards taal, moving to within 100 m in 2001 and reducing further, posing threat of inundation. Other results included loss of sal forest and grasslands owing to shifts in the river course and encroachment of newly deposits. Threat to taal was confirmed by a probability model.

6 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

021812   Biju S D (Systematics Lab, Centre for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosy, Delhi Univ, Delhi-110 007, Email: sdbiju@cemde.du.ac.in) : Novel nesting behaviour of a treefrog, Rhacophorus lateralis in the western ghats, India. Curr Sci 2009, 97(3), 433-7.

Nest building by leaf folding is a rare behaviour in anuran amphibians, with previous reports for only two genera, the Subsaharan African Afrixalus, and Central and South American Phyllomedusa. This communication reports a specialized nest building behaviour of an Indian treefrog Rhacophorus lateralis, which was observed in natural habitat at Kalpetta in Wayanad District, Kerala. This behaviour of leaf folding is the first report in the family Rhacophoridae, and in the Asiatic amphibians. Nesting behaviour of R. lateralis is unique among Rhacophorus - a purse-like nest is made over water by folding a single leaf around the egg mass (embryos and translucent foam) by the female alone after oviposition. The function of this parental investment is to prevent desiccation of eggs in open sunlight. This paper also documents the multiple leaf nesting behaviour of other two species of this genus, R. calcadensis and R. pseudomalabaricus, and the previously documented nesting behaviour of R. malabaricus using more than one leaf.

3 illus, 24 ref

020791   Varma S (Asian Elephant Research and Conservation Centre (division of Asian Nat, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka) : Status survey of the asian elephant (Elephas maximus) across different administrative ranges of Kalakkad and Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in Southern India. Indian For 2009, 135(10), 1383-90.

This paper documents the status of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), its distribution, movement, migratory routes, and other elephant and habitat management related information across the administrative ranges of Kalakkad and Mundunthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR) in Southern India. The knowledge of range wise elephant status and habitat usage was important  some of the ranges have very crucial elephant habitats, and some ranges report human-elephant conflict. The survey was based on the insights of past elephant sightings and habitat uage pattern and through ground survey of a number of routes (trails) across the ranges. All the 7 ranges of the reserve report elephants and the number of their sightings is more in Kodayar and Mundanthurai. Free movement of elephants across ranges could be noticed and for Kadayam the movement of elephants is not direct but through neighbouring Kerala State due to the steep nature of the terrain.

2 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

020790   Sethy J;Jena J (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun (Uttarakhand)) : Notes on butterflies of Gudgudia Range of Similipal Tiger Reserve, Orissa, India. Indian For 2009, 135(10), 1442-5.

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020789   Nigam P (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun) : Experiences of restraining elephants in `Musth'. Indian For 2009, 135(10), 1377-82.

`Musth' has implications for maintenance in captive elephants as management of these animals is quite cumbersome and involves considerable risk. The present study highlights successful restraint of elephants in musth on three different occasions employing sedative/analgesics. Effective levels of standing sedation could be achieved using xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride at a dose rate of 0.13 mg/kg and 0.04 mg/kg body weight respectively for immediate restraint. The subsequent actions following sedation till complete recovery from musth events are documented.

1 table, 20 ref

020788   Mohanto R K;Kumar D;Adhikari B S;Bhardwaj A K (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun (Uttarakhand)) : Status and distribution of birds at and around wildlife and territorial division forest office premises, New Tura, West Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Indian For 2009, 135(10), 1437-41.

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020787   Gupta S;Mondal K;Sankar K;Qureshi Q (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun (Uttarakhand)) : Record of Desert Cat (Felis silvestris ornata) in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan. Indian For 2009, 135(10), 1446-8.

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020786   Dutta S K;Raut S K (Zoology Dep, Ecology & Ethology Laboratory Calcutta Univ, Kolkata-700 019) : Height of the nesting spots of house crows Corvus splendens in the nest-building trees in kolkata. Envir Ecol 2010, 28(1), 194-7.

The crows Corvus splendens selected the nesting sports in the trees locating along the road side of Kolkata city, at a height 3.5-23.0 m from the ground. It is revealed that, of the 908 nests, irrespective of tree-species 154 (16.96%), 430 (47.36%), 272 (29.95%) and 52 (5.73%) of nests were constructed within the height range 3.5-8.5 m, 8.6-13.6 m, 13.7-18.7 m and 18.8 m and above from the ground, respectively. Of the 26 tree-species eight were suitable for construction of nests at the prospective nesting spots irrespective of the height range. On the contrary, in the remaining 18 tree species nests were localized to certain nest-building tires.

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020785   Dasgupta P;Raut S K (Zoology Dep, Ecology and Ethology Laboratory, Culcutta Univ, Kolkata-700 019) : Environmental selection criteria of nest-building trees by the night-heron nycticorax nycticorax. Envir Ecol 2010, 28(1), 189-93.

Characteristics of nest-building trees were studied in the four breeding colonies of black-crowned night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax in Kolkata, India during 2006-2009. It is revealed that the tree-species having suitable branching system and branches, canopy layer and nesting sites for many pairs at a time are selected by these birds for construction of nests. Also, the potentiality of the selected tree to supply the nest-building material to the birds plays an important role in the selection of tree for the construction of nest. Besides, the location of a tree is considered as one of the key factors to justify its suitability to develop breeding colony on the same. Because, if the selected tree fails to provide required amount of nest-building materials then the birds have no alternative but to collect the same from the suitable near-about plants to avoid trouble and wastage of energy to carryout the nest-building materials. Therefore, location of prospective nest-building tree amongst the potential nest-building material supplying trees of reasonable height, in respect to the nesting tree, is important.

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020784   Das N;Sivakumar K (NO, Forest Research Institute, I C F R E, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand) : Population status and distribution pattern of Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758) in Chilla range, Rajaji National Park. Indian For 2009, 135(10), 1391-6.

A shortúterm study on population status and distribution pattern of Indian peafowl, pavo cristatus during peak breeding season from January to May 2006 was conducted in Chilla range of Rajaji National Park. Nine line transects of 600 m in length were marked in different portions of the park. Each line transects were walked for six times in both morning and evening hours. The transect surveys recorded 713 birds in 429 observations. The overall density of 88.24 birds per square kilometre comprised female favoured population structure 48.72 peahen per square kilo metre to 38.89 peacock per square kilometer. In Chill a range Rajaji National Park, peafowls preferred Chilla block area, followed by Mundal and Khara respectively. Low density of peafowl in Khara block might have been related late relocation process in comparison to Mundal and Chilla blocks. There was no significant differences found in the bird density distribution between plain terrain transects and moderately undulating terrain transects.

1 illus, 18 ref

020783   Baskaran N;Das S;Sukumar R (Asian Nature Conservation Foundation, C/o Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka) : Population, reproduction and management of captive asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India. Indian For 2009, 135(11), 1545-55.

The population structure, reproduction and management of captive Asian elephants managed by the Forest Department at Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary was studied during 2004. The sanctuary managed 48 captive elephants (18 adults, 17 sub-adults and 13 juvenile) with an overall male to female ratio of 1:2. Although there was no calf in this group during 2004, juveniles constituted a significant (27%) proportion of the population, indicating high reproduction in the preceding years. Selected individuals were used for work 2-3 hours/day, for patrolling and wildlife tourism. The elephants were allowed to graze freely in the natural habitat, as well as provided cut fodder and supplementary diet. There were 16 adult cows of which 13 were breeding regularly, while the remaining three cows were yet to calve though two of them were <62> 45 yrs. Mean age at first calving in the population was 19.5 yrs. Females born in captivity calved at a younger age (17.2 yrs) as compared to females caught or rescued from the wild (21.7 yrs). Mean inter-calving interval was 4.7 yrs. Sex ratio of 51 calves showed a maleúbiased sex ratio (1.6 male: 1 female). Middle-aged mothers produced more male calves than female calves as compared to younger or older mothers. A distinct seasonality in calving was observed. Overall, this is a healthy captive elephant population under effective management; we make some suggestions for improement of this management.

3 illus, 31 ref

020782   Akhtal N;Chauhan N P S (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun) : Food habits and human-jackal interaction in Marwahi forest division, Bilaspur Chhattisgarh. Indian For 2009, 135(10), 1347-56.

Asiatic jackal (Canis aureus) is found to coexist with leopard and sloth bear in Marwahi Forest Division, Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh). Jackals were found to be omnivorous in this they consumed plant material, seeds and fruits. Jackals are creating considerable nuisance due to increasing biting cases to local people in Marwahi Forest Division. In total there 220 cases of jackal attacks on people during 1998-2005. In Marwahi range, there were 181 of jackal attacks, whereas there were 12 and 27 cases of attacks in Gaurela and Pendra range respectively. Attacks on males (n=160) were more than females (n=60). No human occurred so far due to jackal attack but rabies infection might be possible. Most of the jackal biting cases occurred in villages, followed by forests and crop fields. Marwahi range wit forest cover was found most affected (n=181) from jackal attacks. Occurrence of attack could be correlated with high jackal activity in human habitations for food requirement movement of people in forest areas for collection of non-timber forest produce and livestock. Recommendations for management of jackal population and mitigation of human-jackal conflict have been made.

4 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

000003   Rawal R S;Dhar U (NO, G B Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263 643) : Protected area network in Indian Himalayan region: need for recognizing values of low profile protected areas. Curr Sci 2001, 81(2), 175-84.

Reviews the existing state of PAs in the IHR and identifies various gaps therein. It highlights the existing disparity in ranking the importance of PAs, wherein values of a few of them are often over-emphasized while, several others with a relatively higher stake of biodiversity remain unnoticed. This trend adversely affects the maintenance of biodiversity elements which deserve immediate attention. The potentials of such low profile PAs in IHR are discussed through a detailed review of biophysical values of hitherto lesser known PA - Askot Wildlife Sanctuary - in Kumaun, West Himalaya. Calls for an introspection by all concerned and recommends that efforts are urgently needed for a thorough evaluation of existing PAs in the IHR to redefine priorities on the basis of their biodiversity attributes.

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000002   Jayathangaraj M G;Raman M;Manoharan;John M C (Department of Wildlife Science, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600 007) : Incidence of tick infestation in Asiatic cross bred lions. Entomon 2000, 25(2), 159-60.

Incidence of infestation with Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in captive Asiatic cross bred lions has been documented and the probable infections related with these tick infestations are also discussed.

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000001   Fleischer R C;Perry E A;Muralidharan K; Stevens E E;Wemmer C M (Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Mol Genet Lab, 3001 Connecticut Ave, NW Washington, DC 20008 USA) : Phylogeography of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) based on mitochondrial DNA. Evolution 2001, 55(9), 1882-92.

Populations of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) have been reduced in size and become highly fragmented durign the past 3000 to 4000 years. Histrical records reveal elephant dispersal by humans via trade and war. Sequenced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to assay genetic variation and phylogeography across much of the Asian elephant's range. Initially compared cytochrome b sequences (cyt b) between nine Asian and five African elephants and use the fossil-based age of their separation (similar to 5 million years ago) to obtain a rate of about 0.013 (95% CI = 0.011-0.018) corrected sequence divergence per million years. Assessed variation in part of the mtDNA control region (CR) and adjacent tRNA genes in 57 Asian elephants from seven countries (Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia). Asian elephants have typical levels of mtDNA variation, and coalescence analyses suggest their populations were growing in the late pleistocene. Reconstructed phylogenies reveal two major clades (A and B) differing on average by HKY85/Gamma - corrected distances of 0.020 for cyt b and 0.050 for the CR segment Individuals of both major clades exist in all locations but Indonesia and Malaysia. Most elephants from Malaysia and all from Indonesia are in well-supported, basal clades within clade A, thus supporting their status as evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). The proportion of clade A individuals decreases to the north which could not result.

62 ref

000004   Thangavel P;Subbhuraam C V (Dep of Environmental Science, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore-641046) : Phytoextraction role of hyperaccumlators in metal contaminated soils. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad-Pt B 2004, 70(1), 109-30.

Phytoxtraction describes the use of plants to remove metals and other contaminants from soils. It has emerged as a promising, cost-effective, alternative to conventional engineering-based remediation methods. In order to improve phytoextraction of metal contaminated sites, several important points relevant to the process have to belucidated. The factors for successful phytoxtraction in metal contaminated soils including rhizospheri process such as metal bioavailability, soil microbes, root exudates, phytosiderophores and plant ability to intercept, absorb and accumlate metals in aboveground parts are discussed. The role of hyperaccmulators with suitable tolerance mechanism used as a soil decontaminatin programme in metal contaminated soils is also reviewed.

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000003   Schwitzguebel J P (Laboratory for Enviromental Biotechnology (LBE), Swiss Federal Institu, , CH-1015 Lausanne, Swizerland) : Potential of phytoremediation, an emerging green technology european trends and outlook. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad-Pt B 2004, 70(1), 131-52.

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology based on the use of green plants to remove, contain, inactivate or destroy harmful environmental pollutants. Like any othe rnew approach, phytoremediation will only be accepted if its success is demostrated. The key factors are low cost (compared to classical remediation techniques) an daesthetic aspects, making it suitable to remediate large contaminated sites in populated areas. In spite of a growing track record of commercial success, more demostration projects are needed to prove that phytoremediation is effetive, to regiorously measure is underlying economics, and to expand its applications. More fundamental research is also required to better understand the complex interactions between pollutants, soil, plants root and microorganisms at the rhizophere level, to increase the bioavailability of pollutants, to fully exploit th emetabolic diversity of plants and thus, to successfully implement this new green technology. This review is an opinion article, mainly based on the outcomes and questions raised during COST Action 837 (http://lbewww.epfl.ch/COST837) and aims to present European trends and outlook. Recent progress in research and development is highlighted, as needs to treat efficiently both sites and water contaminated by either toxic metals or organic pollutants.

4 illus, 2 tables, 109 ref

000002   Prasad M N V (Dep of Plant Science, School of Life Science, Univ of Hyderabad, Hyderabad50046) : Phytoremediation of metals in the environment for sustainable development. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad-Pt B 2004, 70(1), 71-98.

Phytormediation is an environmental cleanup strategy in which selected green plants are employed to remove, contain, or render environmentally toxic contaminants harmless. This is an emerging biogetoechological application based on the "green liver concept" an doperates on the principles o fbiogeochemical cycling. Phytoremediation projects have been successfully implemented in the developed nations for the cleanup of metal polluted/contaminated soil/water incluidng the restoration of degraded mines. Extensive diversity of native and non-native plants has been used in this strategy. This article would focus the relevance o fphytormediation technology for cleanup of metals in soils for sustainable development including some recent trends. Bioconcentration, phytoxtraction, phytomining, hyper accumulation; natural accumlators, enhanced accumlation by using selected groups of plants and soil amending chelators; phytostabilization, photrasformation, and rhizfiltration; Rhizosphere biotechnology of metal hyper accumlating naturally occurring and transgenic plants and role of mycorrhizal fungi (both acto-and arbascular mycorrihzae) are emphasized in the review. Phtormediation is being used with or, in some cases as substitute of expensive conventional chemical and mechanical cleanup methods. The pros and cons of phyoremedation technology are also discussed.

9 illus, 4 tables, 336 ref

000001   Datta R;Sarkar D (Dep of Earth and Enviromental Science, Univ of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 N Loop 1604 W, San Antomio TX - 878249-0663) : Biotechnology in phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad-Pt B 2004, 70(1), 99-108.

Phytoremediation of metal is being developed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for the cleanup of heavy-metal contaminated sites. The most important requirements for effective phytoremediation are the use of fast-growing, high biomass-plants that are capable of uptake and accumulation of large amounts of toxic metals in their above-ground, harvestable parts. A relatively small group of hyperaccumlator plants are capable of sequentering metals in their shoot tissues at high concentratins. In the recent years, major scientific progress has been made in understanding the physiological mechanisms of metal uptake and transport in these plants. Since most metal hyperaccumlators are slow growing and have how biomass, bioengineering of non-accumulators having hihg biomass in essential for effective phytoremediation. Biotechnology offers the opportunity to transfer hyperaccumlator phenoypes into fast-growing, high biomass plants that could be highly effective in phytoremediation. However, a comprehensive knowledge of the genetic basis for hyperaccumlation is essential for effective use of biotechnology to design transgenic plants capable of effective phytoremediation. In addition, designing a remediation system for a specific metal-contaminated site is a relatively recent area of research focus. Extensive research on the basic and applied processes and problems affecting each individual class of metal pollutants are needed for effective yield deployment of this technology. Afer an initial focus on plants with an immediate promise of application, research is now being directed at understanding and underlying mechanisms involved in heavy metal hyperaccmulation in plants. Once the rate-limiting steps for uptake, traslocation and detoxification of metals in hyperaccumlator plants are identified, more informed construction of trasgenic plants would result in improved and widespred applicability of the phytoremediation technology.

illus, tables, 74 ref

019991   Punekar S A (Botanical Survey of India, , Western Circle, 7, Koegaon Road, Pune-411 001) : Some food plants of hanuman langur Semnopithecus entellus (Dufresne) in the western ghats of Maharashtra, India. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(6), 797-801.

The study reports 126 flowering plants used as food by Hanuman/Common Langur (Semnopithecus entellus Dufresne) from Western Ghats of Maharashtra. Out of 126 species 94 are reported as food plants for the langurs for the first time.

2 tables, 9 ref

019990   Bhatt V P (NO, Herbal Research and Development Institute, Gopeshwar, Chamoli, Garhwal-246 401) : Loss of cultural values a threat to biodiversity in Uttaranchal Himalaya. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(6), 802-06.

The flower festival is one of the important festivals of Hindu communities in Uttaranchal Himalaya celebrated especially to welcome the spring season. The celebrations by various ethnic groups have been studied in detail along with the ethnomusicology of the festival. About 35 plant species or platn-based products have been identified to be associated with this festival. It has been observed that westernisation and urbanisation has had a drastic effect on the ethnic, cultural heritage and religious rituals are on the verge of termination. Deals with the ethnobotany of these species in detail.

1 table, 8 ref

018940   Santiapillai C;Jayewardene R (Zoology Dep, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, Rukshan Jayewardene) : Conservation of the leopard and other carniores in Sri Lanka. Curr Sci 2004, 86(8), 1063-4.

^ssc11 ref

018939   Narendran T C;Cherian P T (Systematic Entomology Lab, Dep of Zoology, Univ of Calicut, Kerala673635) : On some misconceptions on conservatoin of insects. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(1), 687-8.

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018938   Imam E;Yahya H S A (Dep of Wildlife Sciences, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh) : Mangement of monkey problem in Aligarh muslim univ campus, Uttar Pradesh. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(1), 685-7.

Several Rhesus Monkey bites reported from the Aligarh Muslim Univ Campus prompted the University Health Department and the Provost of S.N. Hall to curb the monkey menace. The monkey trapping/shifting was undertaken during January-February 2000 and January 2001. Out of 27 Rhesus monkeys, 22 were trapped, and shifted to the semi-natural forest area of Jawan, Aligarh District. This paper reports the attempt to shift the monkeys but does not substantiate the velidity of the exercise for want of post transfer monitoring.

^ssc1 table, 18 ref

018937   Deka S P;Ahmed M;Basumatary S K (Dep of Geography, Goalpara College, Goalpara-783101) : Deforestation effects on flood level of Brahmaputra river at Goalpara site, Assam. Envir Ecol 2004, 22(Spl 1), 100-3.

In recent years there has been a large-scale deforestation mainly due to population pressure in the district of Goalpara and East Garo Hills, adjacent to Bangaladesh. As a result of deforestation and erection of habitat site in the plain areas of Goalpara and the hill area of East Garo Hills have resulted considerable forest destruction, due to encroachment of forestland in Goalpara. The forest of Goalpara division is divided into different ranges, beats and sub-beats for administration and development purposes. The rate of encroachment of forestland is highest in the Rangjuli range. Within 28 years (1971-1988), the total forest land of about 570.37 hectares have been encroached by 1004 numbers of house holders of different communities namely, General Schedule caste, Schedule tribe, extra labours and any other communities in Goalpara district and illegal felling of trees. Deforestation has occurred mainly for the heavy demand of fuelwood, house building, railway line and power line. In Goalpara district there has been 25% forest coverage in 1980-82, but it is coming down to 9% in 1990. In 1998 the flood level of river Brahmaputra at Goalpara site was 37.13 meter in 1998, it was 1.66 meter higher than in 1971(35.47 m). Work was undertaken with a view to elucidate the effects of deforestation, which well lead in interfering on flood level of the river Brahmaputra at Goalpara site.

2 tables, 13 ref

018936   Ali R (Andaman and Nicobar Islands Enviroment Team, , P.O.Box, Juglighat P.O., Port Blair 744 103 Current Address: Feral, P.B. 28, Pondicherry 605001) : The effect of introduced herbivores on vegetation in the Andaman Islands. Curr Sci 2004, 86(8), 1103-2.

Vegetation sampling was carried out in three areas in the Andamna Islands To study the impact of elephant introduced in the habitat chital. One area (Interview Island) had both, the second area (MGMNP) had chital and the third, Little Andaman, had neither. Basal areas were similar at all three sites, though they were lower than those at forest sites elsewhere. The number of tree species per unit area at the sapling stage was highest on Interview Islands; however at the tree stage, Interview Island had the lowest number of species. There were no differences in the number of trees in each girth class between the sites. Heavy browsing on seedlings was noted at the sites that had introduced herbivores. The presence of introduced herbivores had led to the local disappearance of a few species and is likely to affect species richness over large parts of the island chain, if not controlled.

12 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

018024   Vyas R (Hadoti Naturalists Society, , 2P22, Vigyan Nagar Kota-324005) : Status of sarus crane grus antigoen antigone in Rajasthan and its ecological requirements. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(2), 691-69.

Pressents a review of the study conducted on the status and habitat of Sarus cranes in Rajasthan. Rajasthan and adjoining districts of Madhya Pradesh were surveyed, and complemented by handouts and questionnaire surveys on status, breeding sites and number of adults. The results showed that a total 332 birds were present in the study area of which 139 paris were with a sub-adult, juvenile on chick and 54 birds were young ones. The adult/juvenile ratio was 19.4% which is good compared to other states which have Sarus cranes. It was noticed that the cranes preferred wetlands close to croplands. The cropfields were normally within a radius of 1000m from the wetland that harboured Sarus Cranes. During the survey 73% of the birds were seen in inundated fields, marshes or near water boday and 27% were in fallow, harvested fields. Wheat, maize and soya bean were preferred by the cranes. Marshes and reedbeds close to the canals are nesting sites of these birs. Awareness programmes are recommended for villagers who inadvertently destroy Sarus Crane habitats.

4 tables, 10 ref