027453   ITA S, LESMANA R, GOENAWAN H, SULE E T, SOEMARYANI I, ABDULLAH R, SUPRATMAN U, PAMUNGKAS K, PURBA A (Physiology Div, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia, Email: ronny@unpad.ac.id) : Description of physical fitness, blood glucose, and cholesterol levels of the middle age operational workers in transportation company. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2018, 8(8), 1230-4.

 Physical fitness (PF) is a key to maintain company productivity. The transportation company has complicated jobs and high physical demand. Aging, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle can decrease PF and work productivity. Maintain the good PF is necessary to increase productivity in aging employee. However, load and type of work seem did not affect significant to the PF from middle age workers from transportation company models. The objective of this study is to examine the PF status among transportation company employees. A total of 340 transportation company workers, divided into officer and engineer group, were participated in a randomized study. Body mass index (BMI), vital lung capacity, and recovery pulse were measured to examine the PF in both the groups. Fasting venous blood was taken and subjected to glucose and total cholesterol examination. Prevalence of low PF was found in 62 % of population, and only 12 % of the population has an average level and interestingly only 1 % showed a good PF level. Average of BMI level is 25.5, total cholesterol 208 ± 25.1 mg/dL, and fasting blood glucose 94.23 mg/dL. Engineer worker group showed the lower level in BMI, waist circumference, and pulse recovery in 1 min compared to office worker and showed that there is no significant difference in lung capacity. Based on these results, transportation company worker age > 45 years old have poor VO2 max, hypercholesterolemia, and slight overweight. Exercise treatment program may be a very good approach for optimizing quality of life the workers.

2 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

027452   ALIMOHAMMADI N, JOKAR M, KHALILI A, AGHAMOHAMMADI M (Medical-Surgical Nursing Dep, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Email: Maryam.am44201847@gmail.com) : The requirements of the caregivers of patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2018, 8(7), 1078-83.

Following the hospitalization of a family member in the ICU, new needs are created in the family members, and if these requirements are not met, a lot of stress and anxiety is created in the members and reduces their ability to adapt to the crisis. The aim of this study was to determine the needs of caregivers of hospitalized patients in special educational centers of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. In this descriptive crosssectional study, 333 families of patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) of Hamedan’s educational-therapeutic centers were selected through convenience sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire for demographic information and a 45-item questionnaire on the needs of the patients in the ICU (CCFNI) in five dimensions (support, comfort, information, proximity, and confidence), which was scored by Likert Scale and Total Score of the questionnaire is between 1 and 180. The questionnaires were completed by caregivers (spouse, child, grandchild, parents, brother or sister, bride, or groom). Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software and using descriptive and analytical statistics (Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and regression). The mean score of the questionnaire of health providers’ needs was 134.33 ± 16.43 and the caregivers felt the most important need for the patient’s family in terms of support (44.5 ± 62.89), and then, the highest scores were, respectively, obtained by the dimensions, information (27.3 ± 64.53), reliability (24.3 ± 33.75), proximity (21.3 ± 18.12), and comfort (17.58 ± 2.83). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation in measuring the dimensions of a questionnaire with the demographic and social characteristics between income status and comfort (P = 0.003), the status of education with the confidence (P = 0.002) and support (P = 0.034), type of illness (P = 0.042), and support (P = 0.05). One of the main responsibilities of the health system, along with patient care, is to pay attention and support the family members of the patients, which leads to their satisfaction and the advancement of family oriented care.

3 tables, 34 ref

027458   SALVI S R, PRASAD N (Physiology Dep, Dr DY Patil Medical College, Maharashtra, Email: shslvi@gmail.com) : Learning strategies in medical school: A holistic approach to physiology. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2018, 8(7), 1070-3.

In medical college medical curriculum needs to be evaluated on a regular basis because students perception about the subjects should be known to the teachers. Assessment of medical students regarding the understanding of the subjects is useful in modifying and can be made two-way learning, more appealing, and enjoyable too. Considering the above-known facts different learning strategies in physiology were evaluated among 500 medical students of consecutively 3 academic years of 3^rd semester (II/I) students who had finished their physiology curriculum. This was carried out by providing an appropriate and well-structured questionnaire with 10 items containing different learning tools of physiology. They were asked to choose more than one option which aids in their understanding. Frequency was expressed in percentage. A total of 500 students participated in the study. The most preferred learning tool was clinical as 81% students found practical hours of clinical examination interesting while 57 % agreed for regular hematology practicals, 54 % felt small group discussion interesting. On the other hand, 48 % favored lectures and tutorials both. Preference of problem-based learning by 46 % and 29 % identified group activities in the form of seminars as useful. Spots by some 26 %, and lecture demonstration was selected by 20 %. Charts with models were least preferred learning tool by 12 %. Basically, the study was helpful for students in appreciating different learning methods.

2 tables, 10 ref

027459   SINHA S, LATHA G S (Physiology Dep, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College, Karnataka, Email: drsmritisinha@gmail.com) : Coping response to same stressors varies with gender. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2018, 8(7), 1053-6.

Stress is unavoidable, but the way one responds to same stressor depends on the gender. These responses are called coping strategies and broadly it can be either problem or emotion focused. To determine the prevalence of stress in young adults and to determine the common coping strategies used by a male and a female. Cohen’s perceived stress scale to estimate the prevalence of stress and a pre-structured, pretested questionnaire for determining the gender variation in coping strategies. About 84.7 % were under moderate or high stress and coping strategies showed that females used more emotion focused while males had a problem-focused approach. The institution as well as the mentors should have an idea about the stressors as well as the maladaptive strategies used by a young adult so as they can educate and help them to reduce the stress.

4 tables, 11 ref

027454   JALGAONKAR S V, TADAVI F M, TRIPATHI R K, SARKATE P V (Pharmacology and Therapeutics Dep, Seth G S Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Maharashtra, Email: drfiroztadavi@gmail.com) : Learning styles and approaches toward pharmacology curriculum among medical undergraduates. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2018, 8(7), 947-52.

Learning styles (LSs) and learning approaches (LAs) of each medical student vary to a great extent. If LSs and LAs of the students are known, the teaching-learning programs can be developed in an appropriate way for better learning. The present study was designed to evaluate the change in LSs and LAs at different semesters of pharmacology curriculum and to correlate LSs and LAs with gender and academic performance in the 2^nd year MBBS students. LSs were determined using visual, auditory, reading/writing, kinesthetic questionnaire. The ASSIST questionnaire was used to assess the LAs adopted by students. Student’s 3^rd and 5^th semester examination marks were considered for evaluating the performance of the students. Students in 3^rd semester showed almost similar preference for multimodal (51 %) and unimodal LS (49 %). In the 5^th semester, preference of these students for unimodal LS (55 %) was higher than for multimodal LS (45 %). Quadrimodal was the preferred multi-modal LS in both semesters while auditory was the preferred unimodal LS. Majority of students followed deep approach in both semesters. There was no significant difference in LSs and LAs between genders in both the semesters. Both LSs and LAs were not related to a student’s academic performance. Students showed diverse LSs, i.e., unimodal and quadrimodal, while majority students preferred deep LA. The teachers have to evaluate the LSs and LAs of students and develop appropriate teaching methods. This can help students perform better both in and out of the classroom.

4 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

027451   AGRAWAL A, SAVARDEKAR A, SINGH M, PAL R, SHUKLA D P, RUBIANO A M, SINHA V D, MENON G R, GALWANKAR S, MOSCOTE-SALAZAR L R, BHANDARKAR P, MUNIVENKATAPPA A, MEENA U, CHAKRABARTY A (Neurosurgery Dep, Narayana Medical College Hospital, Nellore - 524 003, Email: dramitagrawal@ gmail.com) : Pattern of reporting and practices for the management of traumatic brain injury: An overview of published literature from India. Neurol India 2018, 66(4), 976-1002.

Published literature regarding the demographics and mechanism of injury for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in India has not been analyzed in an organized sample. The objective of this systematic review was to organize the published literature from India related to TBI and analyze it in a very specific sample to identify the specific patterns of injury and associated mortality. A search strategy with specific inclusion criteria was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and the World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Health Library. The process included an additional search within the indexed literature and the website-based population survey reports. Our review identified 72 studies from 300 potentially relevant articles based on the broad criteria that defined the demographics of the patients suffering from TBI and the details of trauma sustained, including the mechanism of injury as well as its diagnosis, management, and outcome. Changes in demographic patterns, the patterns of the body regions involved, the associated injuries, the clinical presentation, the follow‑up status of patients suffering from TBI, who may or may not have shown clinical improvement, the overall outcome, as well as the mortality and disability status reported in the literature were analyzed. A high incidence of TBI in the productive population is of serious concern. Extremes of ages are more vulnerable to severe injury and a poor outcome. Quantitative analysis of injuries and outcomes of TBI victims shows a bigger health impact in the economically active population and in patients in the extremes of age groups.

2 tables, 75 ref

026227   SHARMA S, VERMA P B, VIRAMGAMI A P, VALA M C, LODHIYA K K (ICMR-National Jalma Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Disea, Kanpur Nagar- 209 206, Email: drsandeepsharma82@yahoo.in) : Analysis of out-of-pocket expenditure in utilization of maternity care services in urban slums of Rajkot city, Gujarat. Indian J Community Med 2018, 43(3), 215-9.

India contributes 20 % global maternal deaths every year. An important reason of such maternal mortality is due to cost of maternity services which makes it in accessible to the poor. Knowledge of maternity-related expense and its determinants is useful for health authorities to focus public resources and target financial assistance or exemption guidelines toward the “neediest.” It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted amongst 180 women living in urban slums and who had delivered a baby within 1 year of the interview date. The mean cost of delivery was around Rs. 8880. The average delivery cost of private institutions was significantly higher than that of government hospitals or home delivery. Around 75 % of women delivered in private institution had health expenditure of more than 10 % of total annual family income – catastrophic expenditure. In spite of significantly higher maternity care-related costs in private institutes than government hospitals, majority of mothers had utilized services from private clinics and had suffered catastrophic expenditures during utilization of maternity care services. This study highlights the need for birth preparedness counseling as well as effective implementation of maternity benefit schemes to prevent families from pushing downward to the poverty line.

3 tables, 24 ref

026226   BORAH K, SINGH Y J, SARKAR A, PAL P, KHUMAN O N (Central Agricultural Univ (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura, Email: kashyapborah1@gmail.com) : Nature of variations in managing information by fish farmers: A case study from West Tripura District, India. Int J Agric Environ Biotechnol 2018, 11(4), 665-71.

The present study was undertaken to analyze the information management behaviour of fish farmers in West Tripura, Tripura. An ex-post-facto research design was followed for the study and West Tripura district was purposively selected based on the prevalence of fish farmers in the district. A sample of 80 fish farmers were selected randomly from the eight selected villages from four blocks of the district. A structured interview schedule was used to collect the information through personal interview. The results showed that majority of the respondents belonged to medium category (62.50 %) of information management behaviour, followed by low (21.25 %) and high (16.25 %) categories. A positive and significant relationship was observed between information management behaviour of fish farmers with independent variables i.e., education, annual income, experience in fisheries, extension contact, achievement motivation, economic motivation, information source exposure, credibility of information source and training exposure.

1 illus, 7 tables, 5 ref

026225   SINHA R, KAMBOJ M L, LATHWAL S S, RANJAN A (Livestock Production and Management Div, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal- 132 001, Email: ndriranjana@gmail.com) : Effect of housing management on production performance of crossbred cows during hot-humid season. Indian J Anim Res 2018, 52(7), 1091-4.

Present investigation was carried out to study the effect of modified housing system on production performance of crossbred (Karan-Fries) cows during hot humid seasons. For this study 16 lactating crossbred cows in their early lactation were selected based on parity, milk yield and body weights and randomly divided into two groups (G-I and G-II) with eight animals in each group. G-I group was housed under existing loose housing system and G-II under modified housing system. Analysis revealed that, the maximum temperature and THI were significantly (P<0.05) lower in modified shed as compared to existing shed. Percent cow comfort index was significantly (P<0.01) higher in G-II (94.25 %) group as compared to G-I (72.75 %). There was significant (P<0.05) differences of dry matter intake and average daily milk yield of cows and higher mean values were recorded in modified shed as compared to existing shed. Highly significant (P<0.01) increase in lying time of cows was recorded in modified shed (53.43 %) as compared to existing shed (46.51 %). It was concluded that the cows housed inside modified shed during hot-humid season were more comfortable and exhibited improved overall production performance as compared to the animals under existing shed.

4 tables, 26 ref

026224   PANDEY S, SINGH C M, RANJAN A, KUMAR Y, KUMAR P, AGARWAL N (Community & Family Medicine Dep, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, Email: drcmsingh@yahoo.co.in) : Assessment of cold chain system for routine immunization of primary health centres of the Bhojpur District of Bihar. Indian J Comm Health 2018, 30(2), 120-6.

Immunization is an important among activity in the Public Health Services. The vaccines are highly temperature sensitive and vaccine potency once lost cannot be restored. A well-managed cold chain will increase the efficiency of immunization and reduce vaccine wastage. An assessment of cold chain system for vaccine storage was done in the all PHCs of the study area. To evaluate the cold chain practices, with particular reference to assessing the availability of cold chain equipment, vaccine storage practices, monitoring of cold chain in primary health centres (PHCs) of Bhojpur district. A crosssectional study was conducted at all the cold chain points of 14 PHCs of Bhojpur district during January to May 2015. A predesigned, pretested checklist was used by the trained investigators during their visits. The information was evaluated on the basis of important components related to the cold chain points. All the PHCs had a dedicated cold chain room with sufficient number of cold chain equipment. Consolidated effective vaccine management score for cold chain points of 8 (57.1 %) PHCs were average (60-79 %). None of the PHCs have satisfactory score (≥ 80 %). Vaccine storage practice and availability of complete RI micro-plan were found satisfactory at 12 (85.7 %) PHCs. Maintenance of cold chain equipment were satisfactory at 10 (71 %) PHCs. But, temperature monitoring. (5) (35.7 %) and waste disposal related to routine immunization 3 (21.4 %) PHCs were disappointing. The primary health centres had average performance related to the cold chain system, which is a matter of concern warranting for the cold chain monitoring. We recommend supportive supervision as the key measures in improvement of cold chain system.

1 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

026223   MOGA D, PRINJA S (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Email: shankarprinja@gmail.com) : Economics of smokeless tobacco in India. Indian J Comm Health 2018, 30(2), 115-9.

Despite the high prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) in India, cost-effective interventions to curb smokeless tobacco use are very low. Taxation is considered as one of the most cost-effective intervention to curb overall tobacco use but taxation on SLT product is very complex and is on ad-valorem basis. Further, Goods and Service Tax has increased the price from 0.8/gram to 1.06/gram, but still the impact of increasing the tax needs to be explored so that harmony between excise revenue generated from these products and decrease in demand of these products can be maintained. Therefore, we carried out a literature review, which involved literature search, data extraction, and synthesis. The evidence suggests that the price elasticity of SLT products has gone closer to the inelastic nature with the passing time suggesting the increasing affordability of these products. The macroeconomic impact of the disease burden resulting from these SLT products is far greater than excise revenue generated by these products. More research is required in this field with updated data. The agricultural aspect of SLT products also need to be explored to determine cost-effective alternative crops for tobacco farming. Also, as the use of SLT is culturally accepted in India, appropriate public awareness program and cost-effective interventions are required to curb SLT use along with increased tax and cessation services.

26 ref

026222   GOSWAMI P J, DHAR B (Commerce Dep, Assam Univ, Assam) : A study of dynamics of population and its impact on state politics in Assam. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(6), 216-23.

Assam, the largest state of North East India, is situated between 89$°$5/ and 96$°$ 1/ East Longitude and 24$°$3/ and 27$°$58/ North Latitude. The total population of Assam as per 2011 census was 31,169,272. The state has undergone many transformations since 1951. After independence, some states like Meghalaya, Mizoram, came out from Assam in different years. However since 1972, there is no change in the geographical boundary of Assam. In this context, the present paper highlights the changes of the population composition with special reference to religion in Assam since 1972 and its impact on the state politics. The political turmoil in Bangladesh and nearby states compelled many persons to migrate from their ancestral home and settled in Assam. This is responsible for creation of panic among the indigenous people related to their identity. The political scenario in the state of Assam has undergone a radical change due to the birth of political parties formed by the minorities. The population structure of Assam has undergone a rapid change during the last few decades. The growth of Muslim population in some of the districts of Assam disturbs the population composition of the state to a great extent. The present paper seeks to analyze whether change of population structure is a major factor that determines the style of functioning of the government and political parties and practice of secularism in the state. The study is descriptive and analytical. The main sources of the data are secondary comprising of books, journals, newspapers, statistical handbook and other related statistics published by different government organizations, various reports published by different commissions, websites etc. Various statistical techniques like mean, percentage, compound annual growth rate etc are used in the analysis of the data. The main finding of the present paper is that the population composition with respect to religion, play an important role in state politics. Some of the political leaders play an unholy game by using religion in order to achieve their vested ends.

5 tables, 10 ref

026221   GITTE M R (Economics Dep, Elphinstone Coll, Mumbai-32) : Irrigation development: A pre-requisite to boost agriculture growth in India. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(6), 145-50.

Though agriculture is the main occupation of majority of the people in rural area, it depends on the mercy of rainfall. Irrigation is one of the basic inputs to boost agriculture development in India. Water scarcity refers to water shortage or water crisis due to both natural and human factors. As a matter of fact, water scarcity is mostly created because of human factors such as increasing use of water for agriculture, industry, power generation and domestic purposes. Scarcity of water is a global problem and India is not an exception. It is a result of global warming and global environmental crisis. The situation in India is very grave due to uncertain rainfall, vast arid and semi-arid areas, ever growing population and thereby an increasing demand for water for different purposes. Water scarcity is likely to emerge as the major environmental challenge in India in coming future. Water scarcity is very complex and complicated problem which include economic, social, geographical, environmental and political issues. There are various measures suggested for conjunctive and judicial use of irrigation water.

2 tables, 8 ref

026220   NWOBI U A (Public Administration and Local Government Dep, Nigeria Univ, Nigeria) : Proposed review of eroded 2011 National Minimum Wage in Nigeria: Implications for economic development. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(6), 120-34.

The eroded value of N18, 000 minimum wage signed into law in 2011, led to an increasing desire by Nigerian Labour Congress to compensate workers’ for a loss of purchasing power due to high rate of inflation and devaluation of naira from N155.00 in 2011, to N363 in 2018. To address the restiveness, Organized Labour persuaded the Federal Government and a new minimum wage committee was inaugurated. In line with this, N56, 000/ N96, 000 new minimum wages review proposal for workers’ was demanded by Nigeria Labour Congress with Trade Union Congress and United Labour Congress. Thus, the study assesses the proposed review of eroded 2011 National Minimum Wage in order to find out the implications for economic development in Nigeria. The research adopted documentary method and analyzed data using descriptive approach. Social dialogue theory was used. The paper recommends that a wage review should reflect rural, urban and national inflation.

1 illus, 2 tables, 59 ref

026219   LEMMA M, MEKONNEN T (International Leadership Institute, Ethiopia) : Effects of training on employee job satisfaction at Ethiopian Management Institute. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(6), 98-119.

This research work examined the effects of training on employee job satisfaction in Ethiopian Management Institute with special reference selected employees. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from one hundred eighty one (181) respondents through stratified sampling technique then; simple random sampling method has been used to select sample respondents from each stratum. Accordingly, Out of 181 respondents, workable data were obtained from 173 respondents. Data from the respondents was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics through independent samples T-test, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was employed to know the relationship between training and employees job satisfaction, while Linear regressions was used to determine the effect of training on employee job satisfaction. The result showed that training has positive significant relationship with employees’ job satisfaction.The study also revealed that the combined influence of Gender, age, working experience and qualification have a strong association with job satisfaction of EMI employees. Various facets of overall job satisfaction were found to have a significant positive association with each other those results in a significant association between overall training aspects of job satisfaction. The Research highlights the needs of business to concentrate on building employee capacity and focusing on Employee training to attain employees’ job satisfaction and creation of Competitive advantage for the organization. EMI needs to evaluate its training strategy with respect to employees’ job satisfaction to ensure that the effects of training attained across the Institute.

2 illus, 7 tables, 27 ref

026218   EKPO C E, AGORYE C A (Ibadan Univ, Nigeria) : A (un)just and (un)holy war? The theme of imagery and symbolism in the IPOB secessionist struggle. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(6), 28-55.

Posterity, it could be rightly argued, has not really smiled on the Nigeria State regarding its treatment of the people of the defunct Biafran Republic four decades after the civil war. Rhetorically, reconciliation was promised. Bluntly, a seeming opposite was realized. The perturbing pseudo reconciliation and indices of enduring peace have in time past bred movements such as the Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra and the Indigenous People of Biafra, in a gasp to either push for a genuine reconciliation or facilitate a peaceful breakaway from the Nigerian State. With data from primary and secondary sources, this work attempts to make meaning and image from dominant phraseology in the IPOB‟s lexicon. It argues that such line of phrases reflect more than they literally represent on the ideo-philosophical realms of the group posture and as well illuminate the level of virulence and grievance between the Igbo and other groups in Nigeria.

42 ref

026217   KALIMANG'ASI, N N, MBEREGE F, KALIMANG'ASI N (Local Government Training Institute, DodomaTanzania) : Construct the efficiency of contract farmers and non - contract farmers on cocoa production. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(6), 14-27.

This study determines the level of technical efficiency of cocoa production between contract farmers and non-contract farmers. Data used was primary data collected by using administered questionnaire, where probability sampling was used to obtain respondents and LIMDEP version 3 used to analyze the data. The result shows that contract farmers are technically efficient and obtain a mean of 57.6 % and non-contract farmers where technically inefficient and obtain a mean 49.475 %. Where only 15 (37.5 %) and 24 (60 %) of contract farmers and non-contract farmers respectively were technically inefficient in production; and only 25 (62.5 %) and 16 (40 %) of contract farmers and non-contract farmers respectively were technically efficient in production of cocoa. Based on the findings, the study recommend that the government should emphasize on contract farming in order to increase marginal productivity, marketing, provision of credits, extension services, and improvement of infrastructures.

5 tables, 33 ref

026216   SHARMA A,SHARMA S, RANEE I (Amity Univ, Haryana) : A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on expressed practice regarding behavioral problems of children among primary school teachers in selected schools, Gurugram, Haryana. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(5), 132-41.

All young children behave badly from time to time, and occasional temper tantrums, aggression and defiance of authority are a normal part of growing up. Developing a consistent approach to diagnosis in the area of problem behavior is thus fraught with difficulty and not without controversy, since many „problems or disorders‟ are hard to define and assign to a single medical condition or syndrome. India has 375 million children, more than any other in the world. There are more children under the age of 14 and above 14 in India than the entire of USA. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge and expressed practice regarding behavioral problems of children among primary school teachers and delivers a planned teaching programme. The results showed that in pretest maximum teachers had moderate practice (46.7 %) mean score were 17.5 ± 2.79 regarding behavioral problems of children. In posttest mostly teachers had good practice (83.3 %) mean score was 34.45 ± 2.43 regarding behavioral problems of children. t calculated value for practice (35.58) which is more than the tabulated value of 2.00 at 0.05 level of significance.

4 ref

026215   PANWAR D, THAPAR L, SHARMA S (Amity Univ, Haryana) : Knowledge and attitude of undergraduate students regarding organ donation in selected community area, Delhi. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(5), 125-31.

A descriptive design with quantitative research approach was used to collect data from 150 undergraduate students at a selected community, Delhi to assess the knowledge and attitude of undergraduate student’s regarding organ donation by using convenient sampling technique. Data was collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire and rating scale scheduled from 19^th May till 23^rd May 2016 at selected community area Delhi. In this study Findings reveals that (52.6 %) of undergraduate students were under the age group of 17 – 19 years, (58 %) were females, (52 % ) undergraduate students belongs to Hindu religion, (98 %) belongs to urban community, (70 %) belongs to nuclear family, (97.3 %) not attended the educational programme for organ donation, (98 %) are not committed to any organization for organ donation and (96 %) are not having history of organ donation. Mean, Mean Percentage and SD of knowledge of undergraduate students regarding organ donation show that out of 23 the maximum obtainable Mean score was (10.36 ± 2.93) which was 45.03 %. It reveals that undergraduate students had average knowledge regarding organ donation. Attitude regarding organ donation shows at most (65.33 %) of the undergraduate students had the positive attitude, (34.66 %) had neutral attitude and no one had negative attitude regarding organ donation. It reveals that most of the undergraduate students had the positive attitude regarding organ donation.

4 illus, 6 ref

026214   SHARMA A, SHARMA S, RANEE I (Amity Univ, Haryana) : Teachers knowledge about behavioral problems among school children's. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(5), 109-24.

All young children behave badly from time to time, and occasional temper tantrums, aggression and defiance of authority are a normal part of growing up. Developing a consistent approach to diagnosis in the area of problem behavior is thus fraught with difficulty and not without controversy, since many 'problems or disorders' are hard to define and assign to a single medical condition or syndrome. India has 375 million children, more than any other in the world. There are more children under the age of 14 and above 14 in India than the entire of USA.

30 ref

026213   SHARMA S (Amity Univ Haryana, Haryana) : Effectiveness of breast feeding on pain experience of infants during intravenous therapy. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(5), 99-108.

Breast-feeding is a normal way of promoting bonding and attachment between neonates and mothers. Breast-feeding is not just as food sources, but a source of comfort and security. The present study aimed to determine whether breast feeding make any significant difference in the degree of pain experienced by infants while undergoing intravenous therapy such as intravenous canula insertion, intravenous medication administration and intravenous fluid administration. The results showed that shows that breastfeeding intervention was effective in reducing pain among infants who were undergoing intravenous therapy through results show effect of breastfeeding on pain management coping and defense mechanism could also interfere with effect of breastfeeding intervention.

11 ref

026212   SIJUWADE P O (Texas Univ, Texas) : The symbolism and imagery of urban life. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(5), 52-8.

To develop a completely objective, value-free view of urban communities and urban life is probably impossible, for people's attitudes to them are strongly subjective. The modern city is an object of hatred for many people, but it is also a love object to many others. Still others may have more ambivalent, love-hate sentiments toward the city. The modern city may be perceived or valued in extremely wide variety of ways,including the following: a place of novelty and excitement, of fashion and style, of ideas and artifacts, a center of sumptuous consumption, of diversity and delight. As a den of iniquity- a place where vice and crime abound, and political corruption rides high. As a fountainhead of service- a place where health and wealth, the arts and sciences, the educational and welfare services reach their highest levels. As a center of loneliness—a place where man is depersonalized, anonymous, alone, rootless, afraid, uniquely separated from his fellow men. While the balance of public opinion tends to swing toward negative views of urban living, such views are not universally shared and a significant minority people are prourban.

11 ref

026211   SREEVANI G, NAZNEEN S (Anurag Group of Institutions, New Delhi-110 001) : A study on comparative analysis of competency mapping- on IT companies. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(5), 38-51.

Competency mapping is important and is an essential. Every well managed firm should have well defined roles and list of competencies required to perform each role effectively. Such list should be used for recruitment, performance management, promotions, placement and training needs identification. In performing or carrying out work, it is essential that the required job skills first be articulated. Generally speaking competency mapping examines emotional intelligence and strengths of the individuals in areas like team structure, leadership and decision making. Large organizations frequently employ some form of competency mapping to understand how to most effectively employ the competencies of strengths of workers. This information not only helps to identify individuals who have the matching skills for doing the work but also the skills that will enhance the successful performance of the work. The intent of this paper is to trace the concept of competency mapping and comparative analysis of competency practices at selected companies.

5 ref

026210   RAHMETA O, ZEWDIE S (Management Dep, Jimma Univ, Ethiopia) : Impact of change management on organizational performance a research article review. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(5), 23-37.

This paper builds on previous research studies and relevant theories on the impact of change management and organizational performance. Firstly, it reviews the relevant literature focusing on the major change management strategies, and how these strategies linked to and influence organizational performance, Secondly, the review continues on evaluating the change management models and their linkage to organizational performance. Then, we concluded our discussion and finally, we put forward some recommendations for future researches.

42 ref

026209   BANNERJEE B (Mili-Al-Ameen Coll for Girls, Kolkata - 700 014) : Cartography of representations: Western melodrama and Indian cinema. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(5), 12-22.

Understanding the melodramatic intervention in Indian cinema would require us to reformulate the insights of Western melodramatic studies. But it is essential to remember that any attempt to sum up the theoretical formulation of the Western melodramatic studies is a mammoth task and might end up in formulating certain simplistic and generalized observations. The situation becomes all the more complicated when we try to comprehend the nature of melodramatic interventions in Indian cinemas because melodramatic situations differ from county to country. It is essentially a historically and socially conditioned mode of experience. So what may constitute a melodramatic mode of expression in the West may not be the same in India. This paper seeks to narrate the conflict and confrontation between the sacred and the secular and how differently they are perceived by the two countries. In the final analysis, the paper deals with the interface between the Western concept of melodrama and its influence on Indian cinema and how the great Indian directors incorporate indigenous forms of melodrama to overcome that influence.

10 ref

026208   NYENYA T, ZINYAMA T (Zimbabwe Open Univ, Mashonaland East Region, Marondera) : Dashboard for open and distance learning regional campus: A case of the Zimbabwe Open University Regional Centres, a focus on Mashonaland east region. Int J Mgmt Soc Sci 2018, 6(5), 1-11.

Information has been invariably used for assessment (Ruben 1999), communication on the current performance level of the organization, benchmarking (Sybert 2012), monitoring institutional performance (Committee of University Chairmen, CUC 2006), provide strategic thinking and accountability (Thomas Reuters 2010). Dashboards as sources of information have not been used for continuous improvement purposes by operatives at shop-floor level. This qualitative paradigm using the case study design was used in this study to uncover academic and administrative staff’s experiences and negotiate these with the researchers’ own experiences and position (Mertens 2005) to identify dashboard indicators for a Regional Campus in an open and distance learning institution using the case study of Mashonaland East Regional Campus of the Zimbabwe Open University. Focus group discussion was conducted to generate information from the academic staff while interviews were used with administrative staff in the Mashonaland East Regional Campus. The main areas identified by both academic and administrative staff were teaching and learning, research and innovation, community service, registration, library and information services, information and communication technology, financial indicators, module status and stakeholder satisfaction. The list is not in order of importance. The study recommends that these be used in a creative way to design and display the dashboard and continuously refined.

20 ref

024993   MANAFZADEH M A, GHADERI E, MORADI M R, TAHERI S, AMIRHASANI P (Management Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: ma.manafzadeh@yahoo.com) : Assessment of effective organizational communication on organizational silence and organizational citizenship behavior. J Ecophysiol Occup Health 2018, 18(1-2), 24-30.

This study aimed to determine effective organizational communication with Organizational Silence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior is done. This research is a quantitative and descriptive survey method. The study population consisted of all employees in the country’s Export Development Bank whose number is 1,200, a sample according to the sample of 291 was achieved using twostage cluster online questionnaire was distributed among the population under study and the sample was calculated according to the formula Cochran 291, the cluster using two-step online questionnaire was distributed among the population under study. The tool data is measured using standard questionnaires and effective organizational communications questionnaire (25 questions), organizational silence (25 questions) and organizational citizenship behavior (25 questions) which is then distributed between the staff number of 284 questionnaire were collected. Data analysis was performed using structural equation and software Lisrel. Analysis shows the overall indices measure the overall model is perfectly acceptable situation. The results show an inverse relationship between effective organizational communication and organizational silence (0.86-) there is a significant and also an inverse relationship between organizational silence and organizational citizenship behavior (0.19-) there is a significant, and finally a positive relationship between organizational communication effectiveness and organizational citizenship behavior (0.16) significantly there.

3 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

024987   PENALVER A J B, SANTOS J A C, CONESA J A B, SANTOS M C (Algarve Univ, Portugal, Email: jasantos@ualg.pt) : Influence of cooperation and collaborative ICT in knowledge management. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(6), 313-7.

The purpose of the theoretical framework of this paper is to explain the cooperation processes designed for small-sized firms, allowing access to the knowledge of the organization and inter-company cooperation. Data from 236 companies of the Spanish defense industry were used. Analysis of the principal components which group together all the variables from the questionnaire is carried out in order to determine the factors which will be taken into consideration in the analysis of inferences of the theoretical propositions and working hypotheses. The confirmation statistics of the hypotheses have been achieved using a multinomial logistic model. Further exploration on how cooperation levels relate to each other and with existing uses of information technologies in large companies could help improve the rigor of the results. Finally, conclusions covering theoretical and empiric aspects are shown.

2 tables, 14 ref

024994   BHISE R N, GAIKWAD D S, SHETE P P, KADAM J R (Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara - 144 401, Email: rushikesh.bhise@yahoo.in) : Adoption behaviour of dairy farmers about recommended dairy management practices. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 523-30.

The present study was conducted in Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Raigad and Thane districts of Konkan region of Maharashtra state, with the objectives of profile characteristics of the dairy farmers, adoption behaviour of dairy farmers about recommended dairy management practices, relationship between personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics of dairy farmers with adoption behaviour of recommended dairy management practices, document the existing dairy management practices followed by dairy farmers, assess the training needs of the dairy farmers and suggest the strategies to improve milk production in Konkan region. Overall adoption behaviour of dairy farmers towards recommended dairy management practices was found ‘medium’ (71.50 per cent), while nearly equal number, i.e. 17.00 per cent and 11.50 per cent of the dairy farmers were in ‘low’ and ‘high’ of adoption behaviour, respectively. The personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics of the respondents namely, annual income, number of milch animals, milk production, availability of water, economic motivation and management orientation had showed positive and significant relationship, while self-education, family size, experience in dairying, land holding, social participation and training received had exhibited non-significant relationship with adoption behaviour of recommended dairy management practices.

6 tables, 20 ref

024992   THALKAR M G (Lovely Professional Univ, Punjab) : Management practices followed by Purnathadi and Ellichpuri strain of Nagpuri buffaloes owners. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 297-300.

The findings emerged out of the present study are confined to establish the management practices inculded feeding and housing practises of Purnathadi and Ellichpuri strain of Nagpuri buffalo breed. The main object of the study was to identify the different management practices of Purnathadi strain of Nagpur buffalo breed located in Akot tahsil of Akola district and Ellichpuri strain of Nagpur buffalo breed located in Achalpur, Aajangaon, Partwada tahsil of Amaravati district. The observations of the present study clearly established that the studied population of Purnathadi and Ellichpuri strain of Nagpuri buffalo breed was homogeneous and possessed certain physical characters distinctly which could form the base for identification.

2 tables, 37 ref

024991   NEELAM H S C, KADIAN K S (Dr.YSRHU, Kadpa- 516 105, Email: sarathchandra.neelam@gmail.com) : Constraints under atma extension system and suggestions for its better performance: An explorative study of stakeholders of atma in Andhra Pradesh, India. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 190-4.

In India Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) is a huge public extension system, which is try to converge various extension service providing agencies, research institutes, NGOs, and other such agencies at district level with the farming community. The need of farmers’ organization has grown importance in this connection. Recognizing the importance of the group led extension approach ATMA has developed several common interest groups and strengthening the existing groups in several ways. ATMA works through block technology teams (BTT) comprising Block technology managers and assistant technology managers, who are the actual extension functionaries from ATMA. Every extension work, group led extension, convergence and coordination from other departments etc has done by them. In this study attempt has been made to identify such groups along with the all extension functionaries from ATMA and present the constraints faced by them along with the suggestions opined for existing working condition of ATMA. This study was conducted in Andhra Pradesh state; three districts were taken into consideration for the data collection. Six common interest groups were identified and all members were interviewed for the purpose and all BTT members from three districts were considered for data collection. Total 188 (121 farmers and 67 extension functionaries of ATMA) respondents opined their views; which are systematically analyzed and presented in this paper. It was found that sporadic visits of the extension functionaries and lack of confidence in operating effective group without external support are the major constraints faced by the farmers. ATMA extension functionaries are facing inadequate conveyance allowances, lack of adequate time to keep in touch with CIGs followed by extension persons under ATMA were not trained as trainers are the prime most constraints faced by them. Farmers suggest to provide them with market led extension and also they suggest to their co farmers not to waste opportunities to get trained from the extension functionaries. Extension functionaries significantly suggested to make ATMA as a permanent body and to provide financial power to organize extension programs.

6 tables, 4 ref

024990   SHARMA M, KUMAR P, SOMVANSHI S P S (Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur, Email: surya.somvanshi@gmail.com) : Resource use efficiency in milk production in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 121-5.

The present study is conducted in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh. Respondents were selected from five villages on random based on the basis of area under cultivation. Farmer’s then grouped them into marginal small, semi medium, medium and large farmers respectively as per the size of land holding. It is well concluded that the size of groups among the milk production is quite favorable for smaller size group due to lower cost incurred per milch animal and efficient working of larger size group. But milk production per annum was higher in case of larger group respectively.

5 tables, 12 ref

024989   GUPTA P K, PRAJAPATI M K (Bhagwant Univ, Ajmer, Email: pradeep.aex@gmail.com) : An important component of the anti-poverty programme, Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY). Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 98-100.

Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) is an initiative launched by the Government of India to provide sustainable income to poorest of the poor people living in rural & urban areas of the country to provide self-employment to millions of villagers. Which families living below the poverty line were organized into Self-help groups established with a mixture of government subsidy and credit from investment banks. The scheme recommended the establishment of activity clusters or clusters of villagers grouped together based on their skills and abilities.

3 ref

024988   SHARMA M, KUMAR P, SOMVANSHI S P S (Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur, Email: surya.somvanshi@gmail.com) : Cost analysis and profitability of difficult crops in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 57-61.

The present study is conducted in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh. Respondent were selected from five villages on randomly based on group size of farmers and secondary data were collected from department of agriculture and other statistical data were year 2010-11. The result shows that the maximum members (73.33 %) are literate. It is also found that level of education increases with the size group of the farmers respectively. The average size of farm holding representing marginal (0.88 hectare), small (1.92 hectare), semi-medium (3.6 hectare), medium (5.0 hectare), and large size (7.4 hectare) respectively. The total average irrigated area through all sources is 1.57 hectare i.e. on an average 81 per cent of rabi cropped area. The average benefit cost ratio of paddy cultivation found to 1.87 and the minimum benefit cost ratio was with marginal size of group (1.81). The figure shows that the economy of production of paddy is higher with the size of the farm respectively. It is finally concluded that crop production alone shown the scale of economy with the size group and it was found that with the increase in the size group, the total net income, benefit cost ratio also found to increase.

4 tables, 9 ref

024983   BETCHOO N K (Business and Management Dep, Des Mascareignes Univ, Republic of Mauritius, Mauritius) : Bipolarisation, a likely trend in Mauritian politics. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 155-60.

When civil society is called to reflect upon change in the political system, it implicitly calls for political renewal in the form of new government, new leaders devoid of corruption and strategies, good governance, the spirit of entrepreneurship and forward thinking as well as an innovative approach to managing government. Despite all such expectations, new leaders rarely emerge in certain political contexts namely Mauritius because of a long-rooted tradition of bipolarity through democracy. There might still be a wave for change in the local political environment with new leadership stepping forward in the Mauritian society. This research article states that bipartisanship is embedded in Mauritian politics and is likely to be the trend in the next five years. It highlights the existence of bipolar politics in Mauritius, analyses an exception to it but predicts a bipartisanship trend. It concludes by affirming the strength of the concept while being critical of the gloom of new political leadership in Mauritius.

1 table, 27 ref

024982   MWENDA, NYAWIRA M, LILLIAN O, CHRISTOPHER G (Open Learning Univ of Nairobi, Kenya) : Feasibility assessment as the panacea of risk management in realization of quality buildings in Nairobi county, Kenya. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 147-54.

The quest for sustainable housing in Kenya has been a long standing one. The establishment of the National Construction Authority (NCA) in 2012 and the National Building Inspectorate (NBI), paved way for the realization of this ‘dream’. The NCA Act spells out various regulations governing construction work to ensure quality standards while NBI audits buildings for conformity with building standards and structural soundness. This worthwhile endeavor has however experienced challenges. Some building contractors and consultants have blatantly undermined the essence of feasibility assessment to mitigate risks in projects leading to collapse of buildings. The objective of this study therefore is to establish the influence of feasibility assessment as the panacea of risk management for realization of quality buildings in Nairobi County. Methodology involved collection and analysis of primary data and literature review of research reports and peer reviewed journals. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data. Quantitative data was tabulated and analysed using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. Test statistics computed to establish degree of relationship between the variables was Fisher test. The findings depict that feasibility assessment leads to an increase in quality of buildings by factor of 0.654 with P value of 0.000. At 5 % level of significance and 95 % level of confidence, this is statistically significant as the P-Value is lower than 0.05. The study concludes that there is significant positive relationship between feasibility assessment and quality of buildings. Recommendation of the study is that competent project managers should be hired to ensure that the project has the right leadership to steer the process of successful project implementation. Further research can be done to assess the role of project appraisal in risk management. The findings of this paper will be used to serve as a longer-term safeguard against risks in construction of buildings in Kenya.

3 tables, 25 ref

024981   MUHESH V, BRINDHA S (Dr. G.R.D Coll of Science, Tamil Nadu) : A study on customer perception and awareness towards diamond jewellery in Coimbatore city. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 129-35.

Retail Industry is fast changing. All facets of business are undergoing leaps of change. Jewellery buying for a very long time has had a traditional pattern of buying behaviour. There were family jewellers and a family purchase. All models of consumer buying behaviour has adopted to the change. The Diamond jewellery buying on-line has also gone which generated curiosity, because of its high tradition. The present paper examines the growth, factors and current scenario of purchasing diamond jewellery in Coimbatore City. It is a descriptive research; survey method has been used for data collection through a structured questionnaire. Some of the key findings were that Indian consumer buy precious jewellery like diamond jewelleries for Investment as well as for special occasions and to have a strong attributes in maintaining social status during social function/gathering and they always buy from trusted outlets. Other Attributes like store service for branded jewellers seem to be far superior to the traditional outlets and quality satisfaction are rated very high with branded jewellers. Working women are greater purchasers of diamond jewellery and indulge more in impulse purchase. Online currently has a relatively low reach. It is more like a pre-purchase tool. The changing socio-economic perspectives adds boon to the jewellery industry.

1 illus, 9 tables, 13 ref

024979   SHOWNDHARIYAA D, KAVITHA S (Dr. GRD Coll of Science, Tamil Nadu) : A study on the influence of personality type on the investment decision of individual investors in Coimbatore district. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(3), 119-29.

The most crucial challenge faced by the investors is perhaps in the area of taking investment decisions. Every investor differs from the other in all aspects due to various factors like socio-economic background, marital status, educational level, age, gender etc. The Big Five personality traits, also known as the five factor model (FFM), is a model based on common language descriptors of personality. Behavioural finance attempts to explain and increase understanding of the reasoning patterns of investors, including the emotional processes involved and the degree to which they influence the decision making process. Due to emergence of many products of investments the companies need to ascertain the preferences and perceptions of the investors from time to time, and frame necessary polices to adapt to their changing needs. This study aims to study on the influence of personality type on the investment decision of individual investors. The objectives are to identify and analyze individual investors’ investment pattern, personality type, and preferences towards investment avenues, satisfaction evaluation of investment returns and the reasons for investment. 220 individual investors in Coimbatore district are taken for the study through convenience sampling and descriptive research is followed. Tools used for the study are Percentage analysis, Chi- Square Test, One Way ANOVA and Multiple Regression.

12 tables, 9 ref

024978   SIMON L M (Elijah Institute of Management Studies, Thrissur, Kerala) : A study on customer perception towards the services offered in retail banking by South Indian Bank Cheroor, Thrissur district. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(3), 59-60.

Service with a smile: Today’s finicky banking customers will settle for nothing less. The customer has come to realize somewhat belatedly that he is the king. He wants competitive loan rates but at the same time also wants his loan or credit card application processed in double quick time. In short he wants financial house that will more than just clear his cheque and updates his passbook: he wants a bank that cares and provides great services. So here the study conducted on customer perception towards the services offered in retail banking is discussed.

2 tables, 4 ref

024986   TANER T, SIVRIOGLU M, TOPAL H, DALKILIC A S, WONGWISES S (Motor Vehicles and Transportation Technology Dep, Aksaray Univ, Turkey, Email: tolgataner@aksaray.edu.tr) : A model of energy management analysis, case study of a sugar factory in Turkey. Sadhana 2018, 43(3), 42.

This study presents a case study of energy management in a sugar factory in Turkey. The main idea of the study is to analyse energy consumption, the quantity of material production, and figure out a suitable energy efficiency for the case study of a sugar factory subsequently. Firstly, a material production and energy consumption audit were performed for the sugar factory. Secondly, energy efficiency was calculated from the energy data. The SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) statistical software was used to ensure the accuracy of the data. The factory’s energy consumption was calculated as 43,590.25 toe (tons of oil equivalent) over the last year. These results were used for CUSUM (Cumulative Sum Deviation Method) graphics. This research poses the consumption of energy, cost of energy and the relationship between energy usage and material production of sugar. The unit of energy cost was 688.22 [$/toe] for the last year. This result showed that the factory decreased the unit of energy by optimisation. The results indicated that the investigated sugar factory should pay attention to the energy management issue in order to comply with the Energy Efficiency of Turkish Law and Directives.

7 illus, 23 tables, 75 ref

024985   LAKRA S, KHARE N, KHAN M A (Agricultural Extension Dep, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhayalya, Raipur - 492 012, Email: kalashashi1994@gmail.com) : Socio economic profile of the tribal farm families. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 995-9.

The study was on the socio-economic conditions of farmers in Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh, India. The data were collected by personal interview with the help of well prepared, structured and pretested interview schedule. The sample size is 120 tribal farm families. The study revealed about socio economic profile of the tribal farm families based on age, education level, family size, sub-caste, social participation,occupation, land holding, land ownership, irrigation availability, credit acquisition and annual income of the familyMajority of the respondents were illiterate and they belonged to Uraon sub-caste. Majority of the male respondents were member in Gram Panchayat. Both male and female respondents had farming experience more than 20 years and cent per cent of the respondents were practicing agriculture as their main occupation and having medium annual income (up to 1 lakh). Most of the land were owned by the male head of the family. The maximum number of respondents were having small size of land holding (1 to 2 ha) and their operational holdings were situated near (up to 2 km) to their home. Canal was found as the most popular irrigation source amongst the irrigated respondents. Most of the land was owned by the male head of the family.

11 tables, 14 ref

024984   ASHOK C S, JAIN S K, YADAV M K, NARVARIYA R (Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Dep, Rajmata Vijayaraje Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior - 407 011) : Problems and prospects of crop diversification in Indore district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 960-2.

This study was designed to measure problems and prospects of crop diversification in Indore district of Madhya Pradesh. In present investigation, we use the multi stage sampling technique was used for drawing a sample. , Ninety farmers were selected using proportional allocation. All the primary data collected was related to the agricultural year 2013-14. The problems faced by the sample farmers of crop diversification as lack of infrastructure, lack of farm resources, illiteracy, ignorance, lack of capital, risk taking ability, climatic factors, lack of technical knowledge and socio economic factors constraints, respectively. The various prospects felt by the sample farmers include area expansion under crops, availability of needed inputs for crop diversification, production can be increased with the adoption of improved production technologies, favorable climate for crop diversification, receiving higher comparative price for product under crop diversification and improvement in quality of production under crop diversification. These prospects ensure that crop diversification has the potential to flourish the agriculture sector of the study area.

2 tables, 5 ref

024980   BHISE R N, GAIKWAD D S, SHETE P P, KADAM J R (Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara - 144 401, Email: rushikesh.bhise@yahoo.in) : Knowledge of dairy farmers about recommended dairy management practices. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 867-74.

The research study was conducted in Konkan region of Maharashtra state, with the objectives of profile characteristics of the dairy farmers, adoption behaviour of dairy farmers about recommended dairy management practices, relationship between personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics of dairy farmers with adoption behaviour of recommended dairy management practices, document the existing dairy management practices followed by dairy farmers, assess the training needs of the dairy farmers and suggest the strategies to improve milk production in Konkan region. In all, 200 dairy farmers were selected from eight tahsils from selected four districts. Personal interview technique was used for data collection. The personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics of the dairy farmers namely, self-education, family size, experience in dairying, annual income, number of milch animals, milk production, availability of water, land holding, social participation, training received, economic motivation, management orientation were considered as independent variables, while adoption behaviour were selected as dependent variable for the present study. The adoption behaviour consisted four parameters namely, knowledge, and skill was measured with the help of specially developed scale, while extent of adoption and attitude towards dairy farming was measured with developed scheduled. Many dairy farmers trust on various existing dairy management practices because this practices are very easily available, low coast and no any side effect on animals.

3 tables, 51 ref

023276   KENECHI A E, ANYASOR , MARCUS O, REJOICE O E, LUKE N N (Marketing Dep, Caritas Univ, Nigeria) : Destination marketing and tourist's choice: A comparative study of Nigeria and selected african countries. Int J Multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(12), 178-86.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship that exists between tourism marketing and tourists’ choice and to compare the effectiveness of marketing to attract tourist to Nigeria and other selected countries of Africa. The study made use of secondary data collected from the database of world bank and world economic forum travel and tourism competitiveness index. The findings indicated that the effectiveness of marketing to attract tourist to Nigeria was not encouraging as it ranks below many competing African countries. This resulted in low tourist arrivals to Nigeria as compared to those with high rank of the effectiveness of marketing to attract tourists. The study recommends proper and coordinated marketing programmes target top tourism spenders and also regional offices to promote Nigeria as a competitive destination.

2 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref

023275   FAHRUROZI D, SUHARTO, CHAERIAH E S (Krisnadwipayana Univ, Indonesia) : The influence of working ability and work environment to the performance of civil servants by motivation of employees work information defense of land arrangement Indonesia. Int J Multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(12), 163-71.

This study aims to identify influence working ability and work environment simultaneously and partially against compliance with the performance of civil servants, influence motivation against compliance with the performance of civil servants, influence working ability by motivation against compliance with the performance of civil servants, and influence work environment by motivation against compliance with the performance of civil servants. Type of research used is explanatory analysis approach. Population in this research is civil servants of employees work information defense of land arrangement which amounted to 40 people, with sampling using saturated sample method. Result of hypothesis testing (H1) using f test generated value fcount amount 178.395, with significant 0.000 ? 0.05, it’s mean reject Ho and accept Ha. Result of hypothesis testing (H2) using t test generated value tcount amount 14.652, with significant 0.000 > 0.05, it’s mean reject Ho and accept Ha. Result of hypothesis testing (H3) using t test generated value tcount amount 17.035, with significant 0.000 > 0.05, it’s mean reject Ho and accept Ha. Result of hypothesis testing (H4) using t test generated value tcount amount 13.158, with significant 0.000 > 0.05, it’s mean reject Ho and accept Ha. The result show that there are influence working ability and work environment together and partially against compliance with the performance of civil servants, there are influence motivation against compliance with the performance of civil servants, The direct effect of work ability on performance is greater than indirect influence so it can be said that motivation variable not as intervening variable, and the direct effect of work environment on performance is greater than indirect influence so that it can be said that motivation variable not as intervening variable.

1 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

023274   RAHARDJO B T (Economics Dep, Krisnadwipayana Univ, Indonesia) : The effect of due professional care and motivation on the quality audit Indonesia. Int J Multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(11), 173-82.

Lately the public accounting profession is getting a lot of spotlight because many auditors do not meet audit standards. Therefore, the public accountant must perform its duties in accordance with the standards and professional codes of ethics established by professional organizations and follow the rules/regulations applicable law. This study the purpose to analyze the influence of due professional care, motivation to audit quality. The study was conducted across partner, manager and supervisor working in 10 public accounting firm in South Jakarta Indonesia. The sampling technique using random sampling is the selection of a random public accounting firm. The results showed that the partial due care professionals have a positive and significant impact on audit quality, auditor partial motivation has a positive and significant impact on audit quality and professional care and motivation due auditor simultaneously have a positive and significant impact on audit quality.

5 illus, 7 tables, 20 ref

023273   SENGAR P (Commerce Dep, JJT Univ, Rajasthan) : Prospects of women entrepreneurs challenges and their problems in Rajasthan (India). Int J Multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(11), 168-72.

Entrepreneurship is a rapidly rising concern of a modern competitive economy and its contribution in economy is viably recognized worldwide. But the point to ponder is the fact that it is generally perceived as a male-gendered concept in Rajasthan. And the women who start up their businesses have to face some teething problems. This research paper attempts to analyze and highlight their problems and prospects. It is a case study of City in Jaipur and ajmer province of India. A sample of 100 women entrepreneurs was surveyed by using a structured questionnaire. The results of the investigations by using descriptive statics identified various problems and issues confronted by women entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the research revealed a rank order of factors affecting them based on the opinions of respondents. Family, self and societal factors are ranked highest while factors like financial and economic, political and environmental and marketing and mobility are ranked as second, third and fourth respectively.

1 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

023272   SUPERNINGSIH B (Faculty of Economics Dep, Krisnadwipayana Univ Jakarta, Indonesia) : Effect of debt to equity ratio (DER), price earnings ratio (PER), net profit margin (NPM), return on investment (ROI), earning per share (EPS) In influence exchange rates and Indonesian interest rates (SBI) share price in textile and garment industry Indonesia stock exchange. Int J Multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(11), 58-62.

The value of stock or stock price can be interpreted as a price formed from the interaction of the sellers and buyers of shares, against the background of their expectations of corporate profits. High stock value will make the company's value is also high.The research objective to analyze debt to equity ratio, the price earnings ratio, returns on investment, net profit margin, earning per share, the exchange rate and Indonesian interest rates simultaneously and partial can affect stock prices in textile and garment industry in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012-2016. Technique taking samples using purposive sampling which defined eight companies in the sample. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 22. Results showed that simultaneous or partial debt to equity ratio, return on assets, net profit margin, exchange rate and Indonesian interest rates effect on stock prices and the price earnings ratio partially no significant effect on stock prices.

1 illus, 18 tables, 20 ref

023271   OSHIOBUGIE S R, CHUKWUDI O J, IFEANYI E F (Estate Management, Nnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Nigeria) : An examination of client influence on residential property valuation in Benin metropolis, Nigeria. Int J Multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(11), 31-40.

The study examined client influence on residential property valuation in Benin metropolis, Edo State, Nigeria. The study adopted the use of self-administered questionnaires to obtain relevant data. Fifty-nine (59) successfully completed questionnaires were retrieved from practitioners under Estate Surveying and Valuation firms in Benin metropolis. The data collected were duly presented in frequency and percent tables and analyzed using the Chi-square test method to validate the hypotheses. The study revealed that although there are instances of clients’ attempt to influence valuation opinions in Benin, they are insignificant as valuers do not allow such clients’ influence impose effect on their value opinions. However, valuers are enjoined to continue to resist clients’ influence to avoid effects such as; over valuation, short or under valuation, professional malpractice as well as legal/litigation cases on valuation opinions, thereby creating value opinions that stand as good market evidence for further reference.

6 tables, 25 ref

023270   MEENA N K, PAL R, BARMAN D, PANT R P (ICAR-National Research Centre for Orchids, Darjeeling, West Bengal, Email: narottammeena@gmail.com) : Indigenous approaches of orchid pest management in north east India. Indian J Tradit Know 2018, 17(1), 209-14.

Orchids are high value flowers cultivated by the people in North East India. Pest infestation is one of the major factors limiting the quality production of these flowers. Twelve locations from five North eastern states, i.e., Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and Darjeeling and Kalimpong of West Bengal were taken in this study. Observations revealed that a large number of farmers in tribal hamlets growing orchids at their homes or in a small piece of land and still practice indigenous techniques for pest management on orchids as followed in other crops. Locally available wild plants and their by products, insect's excreta and few animal produces were applied with age old knowledge of farmers for successful management of orchid pests. Such practices were easily prepared, comparatively cheaper and well accepted by the community of the region.

1 illus , 2 tables, 14 ref