024991   NEELAM H S C, KADIAN K S (Dr.YSRHU, Kadpa- 516 105, Email: sarathchandra.neelam@gmail.com) : Constraints under atma extension system and suggestions for its better performance: An explorative study of stakeholders of atma in Andhra Pradesh, India. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 190-4.

In India Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) is a huge public extension system, which is try to converge various extension service providing agencies, research institutes, NGOs, and other such agencies at district level with the farming community. The need of farmers’ organization has grown importance in this connection. Recognizing the importance of the group led extension approach ATMA has developed several common interest groups and strengthening the existing groups in several ways. ATMA works through block technology teams (BTT) comprising Block technology managers and assistant technology managers, who are the actual extension functionaries from ATMA. Every extension work, group led extension, convergence and coordination from other departments etc has done by them. In this study attempt has been made to identify such groups along with the all extension functionaries from ATMA and present the constraints faced by them along with the suggestions opined for existing working condition of ATMA. This study was conducted in Andhra Pradesh state; three districts were taken into consideration for the data collection. Six common interest groups were identified and all members were interviewed for the purpose and all BTT members from three districts were considered for data collection. Total 188 (121 farmers and 67 extension functionaries of ATMA) respondents opined their views; which are systematically analyzed and presented in this paper. It was found that sporadic visits of the extension functionaries and lack of confidence in operating effective group without external support are the major constraints faced by the farmers. ATMA extension functionaries are facing inadequate conveyance allowances, lack of adequate time to keep in touch with CIGs followed by extension persons under ATMA were not trained as trainers are the prime most constraints faced by them. Farmers suggest to provide them with market led extension and also they suggest to their co farmers not to waste opportunities to get trained from the extension functionaries. Extension functionaries significantly suggested to make ATMA as a permanent body and to provide financial power to organize extension programs.

6 tables, 4 ref

024990   SHARMA M, KUMAR P, SOMVANSHI S P S (Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur, Email: surya.somvanshi@gmail.com) : Resource use efficiency in milk production in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 121-5.

The present study is conducted in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh. Respondents were selected from five villages on random based on the basis of area under cultivation. Farmer’s then grouped them into marginal small, semi medium, medium and large farmers respectively as per the size of land holding. It is well concluded that the size of groups among the milk production is quite favorable for smaller size group due to lower cost incurred per milch animal and efficient working of larger size group. But milk production per annum was higher in case of larger group respectively.

5 tables, 12 ref

024989   GUPTA P K, PRAJAPATI M K (Bhagwant Univ, Ajmer, Email: pradeep.aex@gmail.com) : An important component of the anti-poverty programme, Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY). Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 98-100.

Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) is an initiative launched by the Government of India to provide sustainable income to poorest of the poor people living in rural & urban areas of the country to provide self-employment to millions of villagers. Which families living below the poverty line were organized into Self-help groups established with a mixture of government subsidy and credit from investment banks. The scheme recommended the establishment of activity clusters or clusters of villagers grouped together based on their skills and abilities.

3 ref

024988   SHARMA M, KUMAR P, SOMVANSHI S P S (Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur, Email: surya.somvanshi@gmail.com) : Cost analysis and profitability of difficult crops in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 57-61.

The present study is conducted in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh. Respondent were selected from five villages on randomly based on group size of farmers and secondary data were collected from department of agriculture and other statistical data were year 2010-11. The result shows that the maximum members (73.33 %) are literate. It is also found that level of education increases with the size group of the farmers respectively. The average size of farm holding representing marginal (0.88 hectare), small (1.92 hectare), semi-medium (3.6 hectare), medium (5.0 hectare), and large size (7.4 hectare) respectively. The total average irrigated area through all sources is 1.57 hectare i.e. on an average 81 per cent of rabi cropped area. The average benefit cost ratio of paddy cultivation found to 1.87 and the minimum benefit cost ratio was with marginal size of group (1.81). The figure shows that the economy of production of paddy is higher with the size of the farm respectively. It is finally concluded that crop production alone shown the scale of economy with the size group and it was found that with the increase in the size group, the total net income, benefit cost ratio also found to increase.

4 tables, 9 ref

024983   BETCHOO N K (Business and Management Dep, Des Mascareignes Univ, Republic of Mauritius, Mauritius) : Bipolarisation, a likely trend in Mauritian politics. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 155-60.

When civil society is called to reflect upon change in the political system, it implicitly calls for political renewal in the form of new government, new leaders devoid of corruption and strategies, good governance, the spirit of entrepreneurship and forward thinking as well as an innovative approach to managing government. Despite all such expectations, new leaders rarely emerge in certain political contexts namely Mauritius because of a long-rooted tradition of bipolarity through democracy. There might still be a wave for change in the local political environment with new leadership stepping forward in the Mauritian society. This research article states that bipartisanship is embedded in Mauritian politics and is likely to be the trend in the next five years. It highlights the existence of bipolar politics in Mauritius, analyses an exception to it but predicts a bipartisanship trend. It concludes by affirming the strength of the concept while being critical of the gloom of new political leadership in Mauritius.

1 table, 27 ref

024982   MWENDA, NYAWIRA M, LILLIAN O, CHRISTOPHER G (Open Learning Univ of Nairobi, Kenya) : Feasibility assessment as the panacea of risk management in realization of quality buildings in Nairobi county, Kenya. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 147-54.

The quest for sustainable housing in Kenya has been a long standing one. The establishment of the National Construction Authority (NCA) in 2012 and the National Building Inspectorate (NBI), paved way for the realization of this ‘dream’. The NCA Act spells out various regulations governing construction work to ensure quality standards while NBI audits buildings for conformity with building standards and structural soundness. This worthwhile endeavor has however experienced challenges. Some building contractors and consultants have blatantly undermined the essence of feasibility assessment to mitigate risks in projects leading to collapse of buildings. The objective of this study therefore is to establish the influence of feasibility assessment as the panacea of risk management for realization of quality buildings in Nairobi County. Methodology involved collection and analysis of primary data and literature review of research reports and peer reviewed journals. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data. Quantitative data was tabulated and analysed using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. Test statistics computed to establish degree of relationship between the variables was Fisher test. The findings depict that feasibility assessment leads to an increase in quality of buildings by factor of 0.654 with P value of 0.000. At 5 % level of significance and 95 % level of confidence, this is statistically significant as the P-Value is lower than 0.05. The study concludes that there is significant positive relationship between feasibility assessment and quality of buildings. Recommendation of the study is that competent project managers should be hired to ensure that the project has the right leadership to steer the process of successful project implementation. Further research can be done to assess the role of project appraisal in risk management. The findings of this paper will be used to serve as a longer-term safeguard against risks in construction of buildings in Kenya.

3 tables, 25 ref

024981   MUHESH V, BRINDHA S (Dr. G.R.D Coll of Science, Tamil Nadu) : A study on customer perception and awareness towards diamond jewellery in Coimbatore city. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 129-35.

Retail Industry is fast changing. All facets of business are undergoing leaps of change. Jewellery buying for a very long time has had a traditional pattern of buying behaviour. There were family jewellers and a family purchase. All models of consumer buying behaviour has adopted to the change. The Diamond jewellery buying on-line has also gone which generated curiosity, because of its high tradition. The present paper examines the growth, factors and current scenario of purchasing diamond jewellery in Coimbatore City. It is a descriptive research; survey method has been used for data collection through a structured questionnaire. Some of the key findings were that Indian consumer buy precious jewellery like diamond jewelleries for Investment as well as for special occasions and to have a strong attributes in maintaining social status during social function/gathering and they always buy from trusted outlets. Other Attributes like store service for branded jewellers seem to be far superior to the traditional outlets and quality satisfaction are rated very high with branded jewellers. Working women are greater purchasers of diamond jewellery and indulge more in impulse purchase. Online currently has a relatively low reach. It is more like a pre-purchase tool. The changing socio-economic perspectives adds boon to the jewellery industry.

1 illus, 9 tables, 13 ref

024979   SHOWNDHARIYAA D, KAVITHA S (Dr. GRD Coll of Science, Tamil Nadu) : A study on the influence of personality type on the investment decision of individual investors in Coimbatore district. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(3), 119-29.

The most crucial challenge faced by the investors is perhaps in the area of taking investment decisions. Every investor differs from the other in all aspects due to various factors like socio-economic background, marital status, educational level, age, gender etc. The Big Five personality traits, also known as the five factor model (FFM), is a model based on common language descriptors of personality. Behavioural finance attempts to explain and increase understanding of the reasoning patterns of investors, including the emotional processes involved and the degree to which they influence the decision making process. Due to emergence of many products of investments the companies need to ascertain the preferences and perceptions of the investors from time to time, and frame necessary polices to adapt to their changing needs. This study aims to study on the influence of personality type on the investment decision of individual investors. The objectives are to identify and analyze individual investors’ investment pattern, personality type, and preferences towards investment avenues, satisfaction evaluation of investment returns and the reasons for investment. 220 individual investors in Coimbatore district are taken for the study through convenience sampling and descriptive research is followed. Tools used for the study are Percentage analysis, Chi- Square Test, One Way ANOVA and Multiple Regression.

12 tables, 9 ref

024978   SIMON L M (Elijah Institute of Management Studies, Thrissur, Kerala) : A study on customer perception towards the services offered in retail banking by South Indian Bank Cheroor, Thrissur district. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(3), 59-60.

Service with a smile: Today’s finicky banking customers will settle for nothing less. The customer has come to realize somewhat belatedly that he is the king. He wants competitive loan rates but at the same time also wants his loan or credit card application processed in double quick time. In short he wants financial house that will more than just clear his cheque and updates his passbook: he wants a bank that cares and provides great services. So here the study conducted on customer perception towards the services offered in retail banking is discussed.

2 tables, 4 ref

024986   TANER T, SIVRIOGLU M, TOPAL H, DALKILIC A S, WONGWISES S (Motor Vehicles and Transportation Technology Dep, Aksaray Univ, Turkey, Email: tolgataner@aksaray.edu.tr) : A model of energy management analysis, case study of a sugar factory in Turkey. Sadhana 2018, 43(3), 42.

This study presents a case study of energy management in a sugar factory in Turkey. The main idea of the study is to analyse energy consumption, the quantity of material production, and figure out a suitable energy efficiency for the case study of a sugar factory subsequently. Firstly, a material production and energy consumption audit were performed for the sugar factory. Secondly, energy efficiency was calculated from the energy data. The SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) statistical software was used to ensure the accuracy of the data. The factory’s energy consumption was calculated as 43,590.25 toe (tons of oil equivalent) over the last year. These results were used for CUSUM (Cumulative Sum Deviation Method) graphics. This research poses the consumption of energy, cost of energy and the relationship between energy usage and material production of sugar. The unit of energy cost was 688.22 [$/toe] for the last year. This result showed that the factory decreased the unit of energy by optimisation. The results indicated that the investigated sugar factory should pay attention to the energy management issue in order to comply with the Energy Efficiency of Turkish Law and Directives.

7 illus, 23 tables, 75 ref

024985   LAKRA S, KHARE N, KHAN M A (Agricultural Extension Dep, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhayalya, Raipur - 492 012, Email: kalashashi1994@gmail.com) : Socio economic profile of the tribal farm families. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 995-9.

The study was on the socio-economic conditions of farmers in Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh, India. The data were collected by personal interview with the help of well prepared, structured and pretested interview schedule. The sample size is 120 tribal farm families. The study revealed about socio economic profile of the tribal farm families based on age, education level, family size, sub-caste, social participation,occupation, land holding, land ownership, irrigation availability, credit acquisition and annual income of the familyMajority of the respondents were illiterate and they belonged to Uraon sub-caste. Majority of the male respondents were member in Gram Panchayat. Both male and female respondents had farming experience more than 20 years and cent per cent of the respondents were practicing agriculture as their main occupation and having medium annual income (up to 1 lakh). Most of the land were owned by the male head of the family. The maximum number of respondents were having small size of land holding (1 to 2 ha) and their operational holdings were situated near (up to 2 km) to their home. Canal was found as the most popular irrigation source amongst the irrigated respondents. Most of the land was owned by the male head of the family.

11 tables, 14 ref

024984   ASHOK C S, JAIN S K, YADAV M K, NARVARIYA R (Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Dep, Rajmata Vijayaraje Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior - 407 011) : Problems and prospects of crop diversification in Indore district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 960-2.

This study was designed to measure problems and prospects of crop diversification in Indore district of Madhya Pradesh. In present investigation, we use the multi stage sampling technique was used for drawing a sample. , Ninety farmers were selected using proportional allocation. All the primary data collected was related to the agricultural year 2013-14. The problems faced by the sample farmers of crop diversification as lack of infrastructure, lack of farm resources, illiteracy, ignorance, lack of capital, risk taking ability, climatic factors, lack of technical knowledge and socio economic factors constraints, respectively. The various prospects felt by the sample farmers include area expansion under crops, availability of needed inputs for crop diversification, production can be increased with the adoption of improved production technologies, favorable climate for crop diversification, receiving higher comparative price for product under crop diversification and improvement in quality of production under crop diversification. These prospects ensure that crop diversification has the potential to flourish the agriculture sector of the study area.

2 tables, 5 ref

024980   BHISE R N, GAIKWAD D S, SHETE P P, KADAM J R (Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara - 144 401, Email: rushikesh.bhise@yahoo.in) : Knowledge of dairy farmers about recommended dairy management practices. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 867-74.

The research study was conducted in Konkan region of Maharashtra state, with the objectives of profile characteristics of the dairy farmers, adoption behaviour of dairy farmers about recommended dairy management practices, relationship between personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics of dairy farmers with adoption behaviour of recommended dairy management practices, document the existing dairy management practices followed by dairy farmers, assess the training needs of the dairy farmers and suggest the strategies to improve milk production in Konkan region. In all, 200 dairy farmers were selected from eight tahsils from selected four districts. Personal interview technique was used for data collection. The personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics of the dairy farmers namely, self-education, family size, experience in dairying, annual income, number of milch animals, milk production, availability of water, land holding, social participation, training received, economic motivation, management orientation were considered as independent variables, while adoption behaviour were selected as dependent variable for the present study. The adoption behaviour consisted four parameters namely, knowledge, and skill was measured with the help of specially developed scale, while extent of adoption and attitude towards dairy farming was measured with developed scheduled. Many dairy farmers trust on various existing dairy management practices because this practices are very easily available, low coast and no any side effect on animals.

3 tables, 51 ref

023276   KENECHI A E, ANYASOR , MARCUS O, REJOICE O E, LUKE N N (Marketing Dep, Caritas Univ, Nigeria) : Destination marketing and tourist's choice: A comparative study of Nigeria and selected african countries. Int J Multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(12), 178-86.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship that exists between tourism marketing and tourists’ choice and to compare the effectiveness of marketing to attract tourist to Nigeria and other selected countries of Africa. The study made use of secondary data collected from the database of world bank and world economic forum travel and tourism competitiveness index. The findings indicated that the effectiveness of marketing to attract tourist to Nigeria was not encouraging as it ranks below many competing African countries. This resulted in low tourist arrivals to Nigeria as compared to those with high rank of the effectiveness of marketing to attract tourists. The study recommends proper and coordinated marketing programmes target top tourism spenders and also regional offices to promote Nigeria as a competitive destination.

2 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref

023275   FAHRUROZI D, SUHARTO, CHAERIAH E S (Krisnadwipayana Univ, Indonesia) : The influence of working ability and work environment to the performance of civil servants by motivation of employees work information defense of land arrangement Indonesia. Int J Multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(12), 163-71.

This study aims to identify influence working ability and work environment simultaneously and partially against compliance with the performance of civil servants, influence motivation against compliance with the performance of civil servants, influence working ability by motivation against compliance with the performance of civil servants, and influence work environment by motivation against compliance with the performance of civil servants. Type of research used is explanatory analysis approach. Population in this research is civil servants of employees work information defense of land arrangement which amounted to 40 people, with sampling using saturated sample method. Result of hypothesis testing (H1) using f test generated value fcount amount 178.395, with significant 0.000 ? 0.05, it’s mean reject Ho and accept Ha. Result of hypothesis testing (H2) using t test generated value tcount amount 14.652, with significant 0.000 > 0.05, it’s mean reject Ho and accept Ha. Result of hypothesis testing (H3) using t test generated value tcount amount 17.035, with significant 0.000 > 0.05, it’s mean reject Ho and accept Ha. Result of hypothesis testing (H4) using t test generated value tcount amount 13.158, with significant 0.000 > 0.05, it’s mean reject Ho and accept Ha. The result show that there are influence working ability and work environment together and partially against compliance with the performance of civil servants, there are influence motivation against compliance with the performance of civil servants, The direct effect of work ability on performance is greater than indirect influence so it can be said that motivation variable not as intervening variable, and the direct effect of work environment on performance is greater than indirect influence so that it can be said that motivation variable not as intervening variable.

1 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

023274   RAHARDJO B T (Economics Dep, Krisnadwipayana Univ, Indonesia) : The effect of due professional care and motivation on the quality audit Indonesia. Int J Multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(11), 173-82.

Lately the public accounting profession is getting a lot of spotlight because many auditors do not meet audit standards. Therefore, the public accountant must perform its duties in accordance with the standards and professional codes of ethics established by professional organizations and follow the rules/regulations applicable law. This study the purpose to analyze the influence of due professional care, motivation to audit quality. The study was conducted across partner, manager and supervisor working in 10 public accounting firm in South Jakarta Indonesia. The sampling technique using random sampling is the selection of a random public accounting firm. The results showed that the partial due care professionals have a positive and significant impact on audit quality, auditor partial motivation has a positive and significant impact on audit quality and professional care and motivation due auditor simultaneously have a positive and significant impact on audit quality.

5 illus, 7 tables, 20 ref

023273   SENGAR P (Commerce Dep, JJT Univ, Rajasthan) : Prospects of women entrepreneurs challenges and their problems in Rajasthan (India). Int J Multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(11), 168-72.

Entrepreneurship is a rapidly rising concern of a modern competitive economy and its contribution in economy is viably recognized worldwide. But the point to ponder is the fact that it is generally perceived as a male-gendered concept in Rajasthan. And the women who start up their businesses have to face some teething problems. This research paper attempts to analyze and highlight their problems and prospects. It is a case study of City in Jaipur and ajmer province of India. A sample of 100 women entrepreneurs was surveyed by using a structured questionnaire. The results of the investigations by using descriptive statics identified various problems and issues confronted by women entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the research revealed a rank order of factors affecting them based on the opinions of respondents. Family, self and societal factors are ranked highest while factors like financial and economic, political and environmental and marketing and mobility are ranked as second, third and fourth respectively.

1 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

023272   SUPERNINGSIH B (Faculty of Economics Dep, Krisnadwipayana Univ Jakarta, Indonesia) : Effect of debt to equity ratio (DER), price earnings ratio (PER), net profit margin (NPM), return on investment (ROI), earning per share (EPS) In influence exchange rates and Indonesian interest rates (SBI) share price in textile and garment industry Indonesia stock exchange. Int J Multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(11), 58-62.

The value of stock or stock price can be interpreted as a price formed from the interaction of the sellers and buyers of shares, against the background of their expectations of corporate profits. High stock value will make the company's value is also high.The research objective to analyze debt to equity ratio, the price earnings ratio, returns on investment, net profit margin, earning per share, the exchange rate and Indonesian interest rates simultaneously and partial can affect stock prices in textile and garment industry in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012-2016. Technique taking samples using purposive sampling which defined eight companies in the sample. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 22. Results showed that simultaneous or partial debt to equity ratio, return on assets, net profit margin, exchange rate and Indonesian interest rates effect on stock prices and the price earnings ratio partially no significant effect on stock prices.

1 illus, 18 tables, 20 ref

023271   OSHIOBUGIE S R, CHUKWUDI O J, IFEANYI E F (Estate Management, Nnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Nigeria) : An examination of client influence on residential property valuation in Benin metropolis, Nigeria. Int J Multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(11), 31-40.

The study examined client influence on residential property valuation in Benin metropolis, Edo State, Nigeria. The study adopted the use of self-administered questionnaires to obtain relevant data. Fifty-nine (59) successfully completed questionnaires were retrieved from practitioners under Estate Surveying and Valuation firms in Benin metropolis. The data collected were duly presented in frequency and percent tables and analyzed using the Chi-square test method to validate the hypotheses. The study revealed that although there are instances of clients’ attempt to influence valuation opinions in Benin, they are insignificant as valuers do not allow such clients’ influence impose effect on their value opinions. However, valuers are enjoined to continue to resist clients’ influence to avoid effects such as; over valuation, short or under valuation, professional malpractice as well as legal/litigation cases on valuation opinions, thereby creating value opinions that stand as good market evidence for further reference.

6 tables, 25 ref

023270   MEENA N K, PAL R, BARMAN D, PANT R P (ICAR-National Research Centre for Orchids, Darjeeling, West Bengal, Email: narottammeena@gmail.com) : Indigenous approaches of orchid pest management in north east India. Indian J Tradit Know 2018, 17(1), 209-14.

Orchids are high value flowers cultivated by the people in North East India. Pest infestation is one of the major factors limiting the quality production of these flowers. Twelve locations from five North eastern states, i.e., Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and Darjeeling and Kalimpong of West Bengal were taken in this study. Observations revealed that a large number of farmers in tribal hamlets growing orchids at their homes or in a small piece of land and still practice indigenous techniques for pest management on orchids as followed in other crops. Locally available wild plants and their by products, insect's excreta and few animal produces were applied with age old knowledge of farmers for successful management of orchid pests. Such practices were easily prepared, comparatively cheaper and well accepted by the community of the region.

1 illus , 2 tables, 14 ref

023269   KHADDA B S, SINGH B, SINGH D V, SINGH J L, SINGH S K, SINGH C B, SINGH D (Live Stock Production Management Dep, Coll of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, Email: khadda74@gmail.com) : Inventory of traditional ethno-veterinary practices followed by goat keepers in Uttarakhand. Indian J Tradit Know 2018, 17(1), 155-61.

A bench mark survey was conducted to collect the information on common diseases inflicting losses to the goats along with the use of local plants, plants parts and other traditional healthcare practices followed by the goat keepers of Uttarakhand. The results of the study revealed that diarrhoea, pneumonia, gastrointestinal helminthiasis, external parasites, retention of placenta and plant poisoning were very common problems and most of the goat keepers used the traditional medicines to treat these diseases/ ailments. Different plant species and their parts, viz. roots, leaves, bark powder, seeds and oils are used for treatment of these ailments.

1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

023268   CHAUDHURI S, ROY M (Jindal Global Univ, Sonipat, Email: schaudhuri@jgu.edu.in) : Drinking water sources in India: how safe is safe?. Curr Sci 2017, 113(3), 393-402.

Under the loom of extreme climatic perturbations, human expansion and rising demand, world’s freshwater reserves are expected to suffer severe setbacks in the coming years. A major task for the international authorities in this regard is to develop a reliable inventory of existing potable water sources and identify the challenges therein. The main objective of this study was to present a spatial summary of ‘safe’ water sources in India using the most ‘authentic’, cross-sectional, open-sourced census database for 2011 ranging from household to state level. Under the present circumstances, we urge the authorities to revisit potable water source classification scheme in India, acknowledging water quality issues and devise strategies for catchment-scale protection with special emphasis on real-time continuous monitoring and assessment of the peri-urban water resources. 

5 illus, 1 table, 44 ref

023267   WANG P, ZHU F, SONG H, HOU J (Management and Economics Dep, Dalian Univ of Technology, China, Email: wangpeng26893@126.com) : A bibliometric profile of Current Science between 1961 and 2015. Curr Sci 2017, 113(3), 386-92.

A bibliometric analysis of 31,403 publications in Current Science between 1961 and 2015 revealed an unstable trend; the highest citations per publication appeared during 2003–2005. The impact factor of Current Science had an overall increasing trend and placed the journal in the quartile Q2 within ‘Multidisciplinary sciences’ category. The h-index of Current Science was 82 and 24 authors had more than one H-Classic articles. The most productive country was India and Current Science was dominated by contributions from Indian institutions. Analysis of author keywords showed 11 main research themes for the journal. These findings will help the readers to get a quick and intuitive overview of Current Science. 

4 illus, 12 tables, 18 ref

022293   Weldegiorgis T;Adem M (Economics Dep, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Email: tatoyos2158@gmail.com) : Determinants of electric baking stove adoption in urban Tigria, Ethiopia. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2018, 14(1), 49-57.

The widespread use of biomass, as a source of energy, in urban centers, has serious environmental, health and economic implications. One important remedy is promoting transition to cleaner energy sources such as electricity. This study was, therefore, aimed at investigating the determinants of adoption of Enjera (a white leavened, Ethiopian bread, made from Teff flour) by baking in an electric stove ( mitad), in Abi Adi District of Tigrai region, in northern Ethiopia. A total of 109 households (of which 47 were stove adopters), was surveyed for the study. Results, obtained from the probit model, revealed that age, education level, type of employment of household head, family size, household expenditure and prices of related goods, positively explained household's adoption of electric stove. Price of the electric stove negatively affected adoption. Policy intervention would facilitate the energy transition, from fuel wood and biomass to electricity and through widespread use of electric stoves, the pressure of urban centers on their rural - 18 - hinterlands and the resulting deforestation, could be reduced.

4 tables, 22 ref

022292   Vijith Krishnan K (NO, , Flat No. E8, PRS Tulips, Panavila Jn, Thycaud, Trivandrum, Kerala-695 014, Email: vijithkrishnank@gmail.com) : Impact of non-tariff barriers on Indian exports: an econometric analysis. J trop Agric 2016, 54(2), 144-52.

With the formation of World Trade Organization and subsequent liberalization in global trade, the non-tariff barriers (NTBs) have started to play a pivotal role in exports, especially from developing countries. In this context, the current study attempts to find out the impact of non-tariff barriers on Indian exports. Panel data regression method and factor analysis were used to find out the impact of non-tariff barriers. Panel data had a time series component of 12 years (2001-2012) and cross section component of three countries for various parameters. The study identified that a 1% increase in number of export consignment rejections, on average, leads to 0.12% decline in value of Indian exports. On analyzing the Operational and Administrative System for Import Support (OASIS) data U.S. Food and Drug Administration, it was found that rate of rejection of food products was very high compared to other categories like cosmetic, drugs, antibiotics etc. Proper awareness regarding quality parameters among the producers as well as harmonization of technical and food safety standards will help to solve the problem to great extent.

4 tables, 13 ref

022291   Vijayakumar A (NO, Erode Arts and Science College, Erode, Tamilnadu, Email: vijayponne@gmail.com) : Financial competitiveness of firms: a study of the Indian automobile industry. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2018, 14(1), 91-103.

Competitiveness is the ability of firms, to perform better than rivals, where performance is dependent on both financial and non-financial conditions of the firm. This study empirically examined the financial competitiveness of Indian automobile companies, for the - 17 - period form 2001-02 to 2015-16. Out of 42 variables, 13 factors were extracted and these thirteen factors, put together, explained 76.122 per cent of the total variance. Factor analysis was applied, to identify the factors that significantly contributed to the financial competitiveness. The result indicated that among the three sectors, passenger cars and multiutility vehicles sector were most dominating, followed by two and three wheelers sector and commercial vehicles sector. The commercial vehicles sector was obviously ruled by Eicher Motors Ltd where as passenger cars and multi-utility vehicles sector was dominated by Honda Siel Cars India Limited and Maruti Udyog Limited. The result of this study would help consumers, to judge the competitive performance of these firms, from the product quality and investment point of view.

4 tables, 17 ref

022290   Thumma D (English & Humanities Dep, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences (ANITS), Sangivalasa, Bheemunipatnam-531 162) : State of financial inclusion - an overview and advancement. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(5), 33-5.

Financial Inclusion is delivery of banking services at an affordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged and low income groups. The main focus of financial inclusion in India is to promote sustainable development and generating employment in rural areas for the rural population. In India, few households have access to banking services. There are many factors affecting access to financial services by weaker section society in India. Several steps have been taken by the Reserve Bank of India and the Government to bring the financially excluded people to the fold of the formal banking services. Financial Access Survey for 2016 released by International Monetary Fund (IMF) shows that in India there only 13 commercial bank branches per 1,00,000 individuals. PM Jan Dhan Yojna (PMJDY) was highly successful in opening bank accounts in which more than 97% of the accounts were opened with the public banks, but around 72% of these accounts show 'zero balances'. More than 1 crore bank accounts have been opened under PMJDY. However, despite the opening of such accounts, access has been lower. Access to banking is an important indicator of the level of financial inclusion in the country. India's urban and semi-urban region performs fairly well, however rural region is still underdeveloped in banking. Digital India campaign recently launched schemes like MUDRA, startup India, PMJDY, initiation of new banks like payment banks, PSL certificates trading etc. are in the right direction. With government moving towards DBT for subsidies financial inclusion becomes very critical. Focus should shift to increase coverage, reach of services and ease of availing credit.

12 ref

022289   Solanki H;Khambampati H;Das A (NO, The IIHMR University, Jaipur) : Maternal health care utilization in empowered action group (EAG) stares of India: an introspection. Indian J soc Res 2017, 58(3), 289-302.

The management of women's reproductive health problems in India is a serious matter of concern. Pregnancy related complications are the leading causes of maternal death and disability for women of reproductive age group. Most of the maternal deaths can be saved by strengthening the healthcare facilities. A proper antenatal check-up provides necessary care to the mother and helps identify any pregnancy related complications. The reasons for slow progress in reducing maternal mortality are multi-factorial; they cannot be limited to administrative or managerial issues. The Government of India enlisted eight socio-economically backward states as Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. In realm of socio-economic and demographic influences, factors like religion, caste, education, residence, age, - 16 - standard of living etc. have significant impact on the reproductive healthcare of women in general and on antenatal care and safe delivery in particular. The data for the present article was derived from the District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3) conducted during 2007-08. For the analysis, a total of 116,973 currently married women aged 15-44 years residing in EAG states and delivered a child during the three years preceding the survey were extracted from the DLHS-3 data set. Two outcome variables were considered for the analysis that were Full Antenatal care and Safe Delivery. The analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Univariate, Bivariate and Logistic Regression analysis was performed. It is worth mentioning from the study that in EAG states, the percentage of women who received full ANC is below one-tenth (7 percent) in almost all casts with few exceptions like highest level educated women and husbands of the respondents, high SLI, and women residing in urban areas. A majority of the women who opted for safe delivery were the women who received FANC and women with pregnancy related problems.

6 tables, 7 ref

022288   Sodhi H S;Singh D;Singh B (NO, PTU, Jalandhar, Punjab) : Lean and Six Sigma: a combined approach for waste management in Indian SME's. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(5), 7-12.

Lean Six Sigma is an approach which focuses on continuous improvement of processes in order to reduce the cost due to poor quality and to make improvements in the bottom line results to create value for the customers. The Basic purpose of this paper is to explore the various critical success and failure factors of LSS approach in various SME's clusters of India. The following research is based upon the systematic literature review of papers published in various reputed journals on techniques like Lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma.

4 illus, 2 tables, 56 ref

022287   Singla M L;Hooda A;Saini N;Patil A D (Faculty of Management Studies, Delhi Univ, Delhi, Email: apekshahooda.phd@fms.edu) : Emergence of information and communication technology in Indian agricultural sector : quantitative analysis malmquist index. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(2), 241-6.

India is a country where almost 50% of population is still dependent on agriculture to earn its bread and butter. Despite increasing efforts in manufacturing and service sector, farming is the primary source of income in India since Independence. But the picture of agriculture is changing very rapidly in current decade especially after the emergence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as an innovative tool. No sector is left untouched with ICT may it be manufacturing, service, education or agriculture. Through this paper author tried to throw light on why ICT investment is required in Agriculture and how ICT in agriculture can be beneficial in a country where 68.86% population (Census,2011) is still in rural India and has little access to Internet.

4 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

022286   Sihag R;Vermani S (Sociology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: rijulsihag@yahoo.com) : Study on empowerment of rural women through self help groups. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(2), 258-64.

Self-Help Groups are formed for the women's empowerment. The participation of women in Self Help Groups (SHGs) made a significant impact on their empowerment both in personal and social aspects. The empowerment of women through Self Help Groups (SHGs) led to benefits not only to the individual woman, but also for the family and community as a whole through collective action for development. The women experienced feelings of freedom, strength, self identity and increas in levels of confidence and self-esteem. Besides, involvement in SHGs has enabled women to tackle problems and have gained power over decision making in the households. Thus, to investigate the personal and social empowerment of women through self help groups, this particular research was conducted with the specific objective to - 15 - investigate the SHGs actively working under the Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hast Shilp Yojana (AHVY) in Haryana. A total of 300 respondents from four villages of two districts of Haryana formed the sample size of the study. Chi-square test was used to find whether the two attributes were associated or not. A number of income generating activities were undertaken by the members after joining SHGs. The results showed positive change in indicators in terms of personal and social empowerment of women after joining the SHGs.

6 tables, 10 ref

022285   Shylaja H N;Shiva Prasad H N (MBA Dep, REVA University, Bangalore, Email: hnshylaja@reva.edu.in) : Measuring financial inclusion: the access and usage dimension. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2018, 14(1), 1-10.

Universal access to formal financial services, has been the priority among the policy makers, across all the countries. Financial Inclusion ensures that poor and vulnerable sections of the society, get an opportunity, to participate in the formal financial system, which reduces economic inequality and promotes economic growth. Financial inclusion is a key enabler, in the fight towards poverty eradication and fostering the economic growth. While there is an increasing focus on financial inclusion policies and initiatives, across all countries, there is also an increasing focus on the standards of measuring progress. Measuring the progress of financial inclusion is important not only to check the progress but also to keep it as base, to fix up ambitious financial inclusion targets for the future. It is in this context that measuring financial inclusion becomes critical. The present study focuses on measuring the financial access and usage dimensions of financial services.

7 tables, 17 ref

022284   Shilpa Shree J;Rajeshwari Y B;Anitha K C; Supriya S;Sudharshan V;Banuprakash A R (Livestock Production and Management Dep, Veterinary College, Balgalore-560 024) : Training needs in veterinary and animal sciences as perceived by veterinary officers in Karnataka. Indian J soc Res 2017, 58(3), 303-12.

The main objective of the study was to determine the training needs of veterinary officers in veterinary and animal sciences to suggest appropriate training programs. The study was carried out in Veterinary College, Bangalore during a training programme for Veterinary officers (60 respondents) of Animal Hunbandry Department of Karnataka to assess their training needs. The main instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The data were collected during the period from January of February 2016. The study was carried out to assess the training needs in veterinary and animal sciences as perceived by veterinary officers of Karnataka indicated that the majority of veterinary officers (55%) perceived high level of training need in the field of animal reproduction, gynecology and obstetrics followed by veterinary diagnostics and therapeutics (50%) and veterinary surgery and radiology (48.33%). Under veterinary diagnostics and therapeutics, 'treatment of common poisonings' possessed highest mean score, hence ranked first which is due to the maximum number of cases - 14 - visiting the hospital belong to this subarea. In the veterinary surgery and radiology area, veterinary officers perceived 'fracture management' which required maximum training exposure. Under animal reproduction, gynaecology and obstetrics, 'diagnosis and treatment of infertility' as most needed subarea because these cases require immediate attention and the veterinary officers should have enough skills to perform these activities effectively. In laboratory diagnostics, 'collection, preservation and dispatch of biopsy/morbid material' as most needed subarea because to arrive at best possible diagnosis before prescribing any medicine/operation to the animal. Under animal science, 'judging of animals' as the most needed subarea due to the frequent queries by the farmers from the veterinary officers regarding these practices. Thus, training of Veterinary officers based on their needs will help them keep in pace with the fast changing scenario. It will also help to build the status of veterinary profession in our society. The state department of animal husbandry, training institutions and other agencies, directly or indirectly involved, should emphasize on the above mentioned areas while planning continued educational programmes for field veterinarians.

6 tables, 8 ref

022283   Shenbagapriya K;Poornima T (English Dep, Nadar Saraswathi College of Arts and Science, Vadaputhupatti, Theni, Tamil Nadu) : Moral dimensions in rohinton mistry's "A fine balance". Int J multidiscipl Res Dev 2018, 5(2), 16-17.

Rohinton Mistry's novel A Fine Balance was full of vivid images. The crisp verbal pictures do not detract but enhance the overall impact of the free-flowing storyline. The novel begins with the image of a woman at her sewing machine. The covering stories in this novel are neatly inter-woven. He uses memory and imagination to depict a wild period in Indian history. The author claims that his novels are not researched in formal sense of the word but that he relies on articles, newspapers and magazines to collect material. Author says, "The way the main characters the tailors Ishvar and Omprakash endure suggest that dignity is inherent in the heroic manner in which they strive to survive".

2 ref

022282   Sharma P;Aggarwal S;Jhamb A (NO, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab) : Relationship between price earning ratio and prediction for growth of the company. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(5), 55-6.

8 ref

022281   Sharma E;Tewari R (Amrut Mody School of Management, Ahmedabad Univ, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380 009, Email: ekta.sharma@ahduni.edu.in) : Teaching sustainability through - 13 - traditional wisdom: A conceptual framework for business studies. Curr Sci 2017, 113(2), 236-44.

It is imperative to strive for sustainable ways of designing and managing businesses. The managers need to develop competence to usher the path of business sustainability by understanding the concept and developing suitable strategies that build the framework for business sustainability. Students pursuing studies in Business Administration will hold managerial and leadership positions in the forthcoming years; hence their competence would be an important determinant in the successful implementation of sustainable business practices. This article proposes to explore the Indian scriptures to teach sustainability to students through examples and validations from these texts.

2 illus, 5 tables, 73 ref

022280   Sebastian B;Mathew T (NO, K G College, Pampady, Kottayam, Kerala, Email: berlycs21@gmail.com) : Corporate social responsibility practices of public sector and private sector companies in India. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2018, 14(1), 32-41.

Spending on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been made mandatory, for companies, from the financial year 2014-15, India. The Companies Act, 2013 has made it obligatory, for companies, to undertake CSR activities and to spend at least two percent of the average profits on CSR. The study was conducted, to know whether there was difference in CSR practices, between public sector and private sector companies. Spending on CSR activities, by two groups, was compared. The number of independent and woman director in the CSR Committee and number of committee meetings, were studied. T-test and chi-square test were conducted and the results were found not significant. There was no difference in the CSR practices of public sector and private sector companies, i.e., ownership did not affect the CSR practices.

10 tables, 12 ref

022279   Rahul;Tyagi R (Sociology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: rt64064@gmail.com) : Nature and extent of problems of women scientists in Haryana: A sociological study. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(1), 68-70.

Women constitute 48% of the total population in India which is home for 17.31% of the world's population. Women are increasingly and gradually seen marching into domains were previously reserved for males. Creating opportunities in science, education and increasing equality of opportunity in science professions are crucial elements in the quest to empower Indian women. Though the education and employment environment in the last two decades for women in science and technology has witnessed a positive transformation, the deep rooted issues in socio culture acceptance have not been adequately addressed. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. A sample of 100 women scientists were selected randomly from CCSHAU, GJUS & T and LLRUVAS, Hisar purposively as per objectives of the study. The study revealed that work place environment put a great impact on the employee's morale, productivity and engagement. It was the quality of employee's work place environment that had most impacts on their level of motivation and subsequent performance.

3 tables, 6 ref

022278   Panwar A;Malhotra A K (NO, WAPCOS Limited, New Delhi, Email: ankurpanwar@yahoo.com) : Entry methods in international market for service sector based Indian public sector undertakings. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2018, 14(1), 69-81.

Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), in India, are the entities, which have the status of being government-owned companies. Deciding about - 12 - entry methods in international market, is the most crucial decision, which of PSU has to make. Studies have been carried out, in the field of international business and PSUs. However, there is an absolute dearth of studies, regarding preferable entry methods of service sector based, Indian PSUs, in international market. This paper analyzes possible entry methods, into various international regions, by service sector-based, Indian PSUs, through primary and secondary data analysis. The judgmental sampling method was used in the study. With the help of descriptive analysis, the measure of central tendency (mean, median), dispersion (standard deviation), minimum and maximum scores, were estimated. Preferential mapping was also used, in the study, to identify the preferences of the respondents.

11 tables, 19 ref

022277   Nivethigha R P;Divyabharathi S (Management Studies Dep, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) : Study on health issues and stress management among women employees working in banking sector. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(5), 13-8.

Stress is often defines as the twentieth century syndrome born out of human race towards modern progress and its ensuring complexities. At one point or other, everybody suffers from stress. Seyle [1936] defines stress as a "dynamic activity where in an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint or demand". The banking sector is one of the high stress creating sectors among the women workers. Women employees of banks are under great deal of stress, these stresses contribute to decrease organizational performance and also increases health related issues such as anxiety, depression, head ache, Back ache and eye disorders and this results in decrease in quality of work, high staff turnover and absenteeism. Stress due to work load can cause general psychological behavior in their social life also. Women Employees of bank are supposed to be proactive proficient enough to bear responsibility. Lack of administrative support, excessive work demand, problematic customer relations, coworker's relationship, family and work life balance are the major components of stress. Despite of feeling relaxed with the advent of modern technology and innovations in banking sector, women employees are feeling overloaded with work and stressed out. It has become hard for the women employees to cope up with changes. Indian banking industry is the back bone of the country's economy, it has always played a key role in prevention of economic cataclysm. The nature of job of banking employees is a tiresome one as it involves a long working hours, inappropriate reward system, role conflict and lack of job autonomy. Stress Management is getting more and more consideration these days particularly in financial sectors. There is no such think like stress - free job. Everyone in their work is exposed to tension and anxiety as they get to the duties assigned to them. Banking industry is not an exceptional one. By controlling stress individual and organization can be managed more effectively. This paper seeks to determine the impact of various constituents of occupational stress on the women employees of the banking sector.

2 tables, 7 ref

022276   Nasreen N;Khan N (School of Education and Behavioural Sciences, Kashmir Univ, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir) : Administrative participation among male and female college teachers of Kashmir. Int J multidiscipl Res Dev 2018, 5(1), 35-7.

The present study was to access the administrative - 11 - participation among male and female college teachers of Kashmir valley. The sample for the present study consisted of 400 college teachers selected from different colleges of Kashmir valley. Out of 400 colleges teachers 200 were males and 200 were female teachers. In order to access the administrative participation among male and female college teachers Administrative Participation Scale developed by Haseen Taj was used. The study revealed that significant difference was found between male and female college teachers on composite score of administrative participation which implies that male college teachers are more involved in the administrative affairs of the college than the female.

6 tables, 7 ref

022275   Mukherjee P N;Tripathi M M (School of Business Management, NMIMS University, Mumbai, Email: parthasarathi.mukherjee@nmims.edu) : Analysis and evaluation of distribution and consumption of vegetables in Mumbai metropolitan region. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2018, 14(1), 82-90.

In this research paper, the Researchers have analyzed and evaluated the distribution and consumption of vegetables, in Mumbai Metropolitan region as well as that of the existing agricultural supply chain, from farmers supplying to this region till APMC and further to the consumers. The project also compfises of designing an organized, efficient and effective Agro-Supply Chain Model. The methodology, for implementation in the NMR region, was also studied and worked out. The objective was to reduce or eliminate intermediaries, wastages and cost, leading to a more effective and efficient supply chain management model, for agricultural product, leading to the development of a profitable enterprising business activity, reducing inflation and offering better value for money product i.e. vegetables for consumers.

7 tables, 19 ref

022274   Mahammadhusen K;Kanani P R;Salman S;Joshi J (Agricultural Economics Dep, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362 001) : Self help groups (SHGS): myth or reality for woman empowerment. Indian J soc Res 2017, 58(3), 271-81.

Woman empowerment plays greater role in the economic development of the nation by furnishing the equal opportunities to woman, so that they equally compete with man. The paper examined several studies to examine the impact of Self Help Group (SHGs) in woman empowerment. It was substantiated from the literature that SHG plays considerable role in attaining the financial inclusion especially for women and low-income families. After post SHGs formation, the member became more empowered in social, political, economical etc. arenas which enable them to access the greater control over their choice. The existing myth about microfinance hindering the reality of SHGs as it believed that microcredit help the poor to improve the quality of life by making them more prosperous. There is need to create awareness among women and put greater regulation on Micro-Finance Instutition.

1 table, 19 ref

022273   Krishna M M;Giridhara K V (M. Com. Dep, Akshara P.G. Center, Shivamogga-577 203) : Social networking sites as a tool of marketing. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(5), 41-5.

The inception of Social Networking Sites has brought a big transformation in the trend of online usage for - 10 - web-content, interpersonal communication, personal and brand promotion, and brand selection as well buying of goods and services. Hence, there exists a massive web traffic and which provides a good platform for marketers to promote produces through Social Networking Sites. Marketing through Social Networking Sites has gained popularity as it directly approaches to its prospective and their conversion rate is also very high. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the probable factors influencing consumers' purchase intention under Social Networking context. This study has twin objectives with six hypotheses to test the preoccupied assumptions. The study also suggests how to use Social Networking Sites as a powerful Marketing tool for business with an opt conclusion.

6 tables, 8 ref

022272   Kapoor M C;Anand S (Anaesthesia Dep, Max Smart Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, Email: mukulanjali@gmail.com) : Quota in specialty and super-specialty courses: What does the judiciary say?. Natn med J India 2017, 30(3), 159-60.

Reservations in super-specialty courses have been controversial for decades. A number of practising doctors, medical students and others in society have wanted to do away with reservations in specialty and super-specialty courses, while there are others in favour of persisting with reservations. Article 15(4) of the Constitution of India states that nothing shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes/Tribes. However, Article 14 of the Indian Constitution should also be considered. The judiciary, particularly, the Supreme Court of India, in its judgments has strived to strike a balance between the two constitutional provisions. The Supreme Court, on various occasions, has observed that reservations in super-specialty courses should be done away with, as such reservations would be detrimental to the advancement of medical science and research and will also not serve national interest. We present the observations of the Supreme Court of India through its various judgments, with a focus on the recent case of Dr Sandeep versus Union of India, where the honourable court stated that the government should do away with reservations in super-specialty courses.

7 ref

022271   Kachwala T;Bhadra A;Bali A;Dasgupta C (School of Business Management, NMIMS University, Mumbai, Email: tkachwala@gmail.com) : Measuring customer satisfaction and service quality in tourism industry. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2018, 14(1), 42-8.

Measuring Customer Satisfaction (CS) and Service Quality (SQ), in the Tourism Industry, is warranted by the significance of the tourism segment and the competition amongst different tourism destinations. The quality of services improves competitiveness and customer loyalty. Tour operator is the key player, influencing the quality. He is the principal service provider who is responsible for delivering the promised service mix, including all arrangement such as flights, transportation, accommodation, excursion and guidance, throughout the service delivery period. Many of the tour operators are struggling to provide quality services.

3 tables, 14 ref

022270   Gosain P (Amity Law School Delhi, Amity Univ Campus, Noida, Uttar Pradesh) : Legal aid-constitutional imperative. Int J multidiscipl Res Dev 2018, 5(2), 35-9.

Legal aid to the poor is quintessential for protecting the rule of law which is prerequisite for the existence of the well-organized society. Until poor illiterate people are not legally supported, they are denied equality to seek desired justice. Therefore, an initiative has been put forth towards making the legal services serve the needs of poor and those deprived; the Indian Judiciary has taken an active role in providing free legal aid to the poor. Since the ambition of the constitution is to provide justice to everyone and the directive principles are an integral part of the constitution, it dictates that judiciary has been conferred duty to defend rights of the poor as also of society as a whole. The judiciary through its noteworthy judicial interventions has guided the legislature to enact a suitable legislation to guarantee justice to the weakest sections of the society. Public Interest Litigation is one prominent example through - 9 - which Indian judiciary has played the role of the custodian of the rights of Indian citizens especially the poor. By Public Interest Litigation and judicial activism, there have been substantial changes in the judicial techniques, where it confers to make justice affordable by introduction of Lok Adalat system to provide free legal aid and prompt justice to the poor. Through this article, the author signifies the prominence of free legal aid in India where a significant section of the population has still not been able to benefit from the constitutional assurance for seeking justice.

7 ref

022269   Gill M (NO, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Punjab, Email: manbirdhaliwal26@yahoo.co.in) : Empirical analysis of women entrepreneurs in Punjab's MSME sector. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2018, 14(1), 58-68.

At all India level, dominance of male owners, pervades in each of the three segments of MSME Sector, although it is relatively less pronounced in the case of Micro Sector. In the State of Punjab too, percentage of women entrepreneurs, as compared to male entrepreneurs, in the MSME Sector, is very low. The participation of women, in the MSME Sector, was identified in three different roles. Some women are owners of enterprises, some are managers of enterprises and others are employees. This paper is an attempt, to study the position of Women Entrepreneurs, in the MSME Sector of Punjab and to study the relationship between various financial, social and economic variables and the profile of registered women entrepreneurs, under the MSMED Act, 2006, to provide direction to planners and policy makers, to formulate suitable measures for the growth of women entrepreneurs, in Punjab's MSME Sector. The findings were based on secondary data, collected from all the District Industry Centres (DICs) of Punjab. The results indicated that there were 645 registered women entrepreneurs, as on March 31st, 2014. The maximum was recorded in Ludhiana District, followed by Amritsar and Patiala District, in the Micro Segment, manufacturing various goods.

7 tables, 14 ref

022268   Devi U;Sabharwal K (Extension Education & Communication Management Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: kantasab@rediffmail.com) : Constraints perceived by farm women in getting technical information. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(1), 113-16.

The investigation was carried out to study various constraints faced by the farm women in getting the technical information regarding different cash and fodder crops. The Haryana state was divided into eight agro-ecological zones - at least one district from each zone and one block from each district and two villages from each block were selected purposively for the present study. Thus, 20 villages from 10 districts were selected purposively on the basis of crops grown in area. A proportionate purposive sample was drawn for each village which was comprised of 800 rural women. The data were collected with the help of structured interview schedule. The collected data were processed, tabulated and analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean weight - 8 - score, ranks, etc. It was, therefore, concluded that among the total samples most serious constraints perceived by the farm women were social, physical, time and economic constraints. In Yamunanagar, most serious constraints were time and social constraints perceived by the respondents in technical information. Whereas in Karnal and Kurukshetra districts, lack of technical expertise, physical and time constraints were carrying. In Jind and Kaithal districts, physical and time constraints were perceived most serious constraints by the farm women in getting technical information about wheat cultivation. Whereas in Rewari district, social, physical and time constraints were perceived most serious. Most serious constraints such as physical, social and language were faced by the respondents of Sirsa and Fatehabad districts and same trend was followed in Bhiwani and Mahendergarh districts in which most serious constraint was social followed by time constraint by the farm women of bajra growing area.

1 table, 5 ref

022267   Deepika;Kathpalia J (Sociology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: deepikadeswal3@gmail.com ) : Gender discrimination of girl child in education among parents in rural communities of Haryana. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(1), 64-7.

The female child in India is often deprived from her right of education. The number of girl dropping out of school far exceeds the boys because girls are expected to help at home, either with household work like washing and cooking or with taking care of younger siblings. Parents prefer their sons over their daughters because they are supposed to be the helping hands for the parents. The boys are given education as it is considered a sign of pride and prestige to educate the boys. A hidden fear in the minds of males is that after getting education the females may start interfering in the decision making process. They are kept economically dependent on males no matter how hard they work to contribute to the families' income improved, their work is not recognized as a part of contribution to the household economy. They are also deprived on sharing their property. So, the study was aimed at analyzing the level and nature of discrimination in education. Data were collected from Chaudhriwas, Kalwas, Dahima and Bhojraj villages of Hisar-I and Hisar-II blocks covered under Hisar district of Haryana state by selecting 200 parents. Attitudinal comparison of parents regarding education of children father respondents found significant attitude than mothers. And in nature of education 37% of the mothers out of 100 liked more faculty in Arts for their daughters and 38% in non-medical for their sons, whereas fathers had 33% faculty in medical for their daughters and 35% for their sons.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref