013106   Apte D P;Gupte A M (MIT-School of Business, Saraswati Vilas Building, B Wing, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune-411 038) : Initial feasible solution to the transportation problem:composite approximation method. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(4), 4-11.

CAM was used to find the initial feasible solution for twenty one randomly selected transportation problems. Out of the twenty one problems, in fifteen problems, the initial feasible solution by CAM was actually the optimum. In eight problems, the initial feasible solution by CAM was better than VAM; in eleven cases, it was the same as VAM, and only in two cases, it was slightly inferior to the VAM. Thus, it is observed that the proposed Composite Approximation is computationally superior and is simple as compared to the presently used methods for finding Initial Feasible Solution of the Transportation Problem. Thus, Composite Approximation Method reduces the number of iterations for finding the optimum solution to the transportation problem. It may be further investigated whether this proposed algorithm could be used for computer-based optimization.

16 tables, 4 ref

011955   Tiwari (Mishra) U (NO, Study Centre for Human Resource Development, A.P.S. Univ, Rewa-486 003, Email: ushatiwari1967@yahoo.in) : Dimensions of human resource development climate in a university organisation. H R J Mgmt 2012, 5(1), 74-9.

Human resource development in an organisational context as a process by which the employees of an organisation are develop an organisational culture in which superior subordinate relationship, teamwork and collaboration among sub units are strong and contribute to the professional well being, motivation and pride of employees. The university is the focal centre in the system of higher education in the country. It is the organised knowledge centre engaged in the enterprise of knowledge. The non teaching staff in the university system has very important role in the whole system of university administration. They provide supporting service to any kind of activity undertaken by the university. The present study is undertaken seven dimensions of the HRD climate. The result indicate that superior and subordinate relationship and team sprit are good while that the training is the poorest. The dimensions like top management belief in HRD and employees development scored average while personnel policies and employees initiative and management encouragement scored the poor.

2 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

011954   Swaminathan P S;Rajkumar S (NO, Prist Univ, Thanjavur) : HRD and empowerment: a study. Productivity 2011, 51(4), 346-51.

With changing business scenario, the market has become extremely competitive. There are now more players in the market in almost every area of business. Therefore it has become imperative for every organization to achieve corporate excellence. Competition necessitates improving the quality of products, reduction in the cost, ability to sell at a competitive price, innovation in product development and enhancement of productivity leading to achieving corporate excellence. Organizations, therefore, before looking at technological upgradation, should ensure human competency upgradation to cope with the technological change. The new economic policies have created tremendous opportunity for the industrial enterprises to grow, develop, and excel. Experience shows that successful companies follow a combination of policies of growth, that is, those related to efficiency, productivity, and human resource development. Few of the important HR issues for achieving corporate excellence are: aligning business strategy with HR strategy, competency mapping and skill development, job enlargement, job enrichment, development of mutual trust, and synergy among work teams. Corporate excellence is the combination of people, systems, products, and marketing excellence. Out of these, people excellence is important because it has a direct bearing on systems, products and marketing. Therefore, HR is no more a support service in an organization: rather it is a partner in the strategic function of every organization.

10 tables, 10 ref

011953   Sheikh M J;Bansod S V (Engineering Drawing Dep, S.D.C.O.E. Selukate, Wardha, Maharashtra) : Research issues and consideration to improve truck driver productivity. Productivity 2010, 50(4), 279-84.

Describes the research and development aspects for the improvement of truck driver's workstation and working environment. The objective of this paper is to identify the various unsolved problems of driver's cabin that arises in practice. Thus by effective utilization of workstation component, that is, making the workstation and cabin to fit for the purpose the truck driver's productivity can be increased. It is observed that the majority of accidents in urban areas involve heavy vehicles like truck and buses. The human factor is the most significant factor in traffic accident. Truck drivers are highly exposed to fatigue and work related injuries. Truck driver's suffers from back problems, numbness and discomfort in buttocks, etc. A high percentage of this problem is due to adoption of an unhealthy posture because of inappropriate cabin design in which a workstation is the most important part. This paper proposed an optimize approach for driver's cabin from the consideration of anthropometry, comfort, reach, safety, and visibility so as to improve truck driver's productivity.

27 ref

011952   Mittal A;Panwar S K (Faculty of Management Studies, SIET, Shamli (Distt. Prabudh Nagar), Uttar Pradesh, Email: ankurmittal85@gmail.com) : Strategic components for regional rural development (RRD). H R J Mgmt 2012, 5(1), 54-67.

The persistence and magnitude of mass poverty have moved world leaders to a new consensus on poverty reduction, their ambitious goals being to reduce by half the number of people living in absolute. The "Concept for Rural Development" of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development provides principles and a framework for poverty-oriented rural development interventions ranging all the way from local to global initiatives. One focus of German development cooperation is the "regional concentration within the context of integrated rural or urban development". Guidelines for the different strategy components translate the RRD concept into a situation-specific framework. They are to be used according to their relevance and applicability in the specific local context. They are addressed to those in charge of planning and implementing regional rural development programmes, but are not blueprint strategies for local organizations or local people. Rather, they are meant to assist and provide guidance where necessary. This report is based on intensive discussion among regional and national decision makers, development practitioners and the staff of various agencies: it is living proof of the innovative potential of GTZ-initiated rural sector networks in Africa, Asia, India, America, Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

14 ref

011951   Mitra S;Mukherjee A;Pal P;Dutta S (NO, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIMC), Kolkata) : Foreign direct investment in the Indian express delivery sector: experiences of UPS, FedEx, DHL, and TNT. Productivity 2010, 51(3), 224-36.

Globalization, increased trade volumes, and foreign direct investments (FDI) have led to the growth of express delivery services (EDS). The Indian EDS sector, one of the highest growing sectors and worth $1.7 billion, employs close to 1 million people. The current article highlights the problems and prospects of FDI in the Indian EDS sector and documents the experiences of the top four global EDS companies-UPS, FedEx, DHL, and TNT-in investing and operating in India based on primary and secondary sources of information. Finally, a summary of observations is presented with concluding remarks.

6 ref

011950   Kothari A;Luthra U (NO, Mohan Lal Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur, Rajasthan, Email: kothari2201@gmail.com) : Global recession and merger waves in 2008. H R J Mgmt 2012, 5(1), 36-41.

The recession in the US market and the global meltdown termed as global recession had engulfed complete world economy during the year 2008. The impact of recession was seen in India also from the very fact of falling stock market, recession in jobs availability and companies following downsizing in the existing available staff and lot more austerity measures. There was a tremendous decline in profitability and sales turnovers of corporates which forced them to consider lot many innovative strategies to curb the effect of recession. Mergers & Acquisitions was also one of the strategy adopted by various Indian corporate houses. The year 2008 saw a record year of M&A deal activity with a total value of US $ 50 Billion. There were a lot of M&As in the year 2008 wherein certain Indian companies acquired some Global players also. This paper highlights some of the major deals wherin Indian corporate houses acquired certain global giants in the concerned year. The main objectives of this paper are. To study the effect of Global recession around the world and in India. To study major Indian M&A deals during this period.

1 table, 14 ref

011949   Kiran T K;Halakatti S V;Hirevenkanagoudar L V;Jahagirdar K A;Hawaldar Y N (Agril Dep, Extension Education, College of Agriculture, Univ of Agricultural Scie, Dharwad-580 005, Email: sunilvhalakatti@rediffmail.com) : Analysis on job related variables of scientists. Karnataka J agric Sci 2010, 23(2), 274-6.

Studies was conducted during 2006-2007 in University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad of Karnataka state to asses the organizational climate perception of scientists. Totally 160 respondents were selected for the study. Majority of the scientists (62.50%) had medium level of Job satisfaction, while 20-00 per cent had high level of job satisfaction and the rest 17.50 percent of them had low level of job satisfaction. More number of researchers (64.59%) and teachers (63.27%) were noticed in medium level of job satisfaction category, compared to extension workers (50.00%). Nearly half of the respondents (51.88%) belonged to medium category of job involvement followed by 28.12 per cent and 13.13 percent belonged to high and low category of job involvement respectively. Nearly 74 per cent of the respondents experienced medium level of job stress, while only 18.12 percent and 8.13 per cent of them experienced high and low level of job stress, respectively.

3 tables, 7 ref

011948   Khan N;Khan M M (Geography Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, Email: mohdkhanmail@gmail.com) : A note on evolution and spatio-temporal analysis of rural periodic markets in northern India. H R J Mgmt 2012, 5(1), 26-35.

An attempt has been made to study the genesis as well as spatio-temporal characteristics of rural periodic markets in Ambedkarnagar district. The majority of the rural periodic markets were emerged as a result of natural human needs, development of road network, and partly established by the powerful persons. However, spatio-temporal analysis indicates that these markets are unevenly distributed over the space and time on account of regional, physical and socio-economic factors. Bi-weekly markets are most significant followed by the weekly markets. Saturday is the most preferred day as it is the weekend market day and an important day for temple visit. The high frequencies on Friday and Monday clearly indicate the influence of religio-cultural factors. The positive trend of growth in the periodic markets indicates the commercialization of agriculture and surplus production, demand and supply as well as urban influence in the study area.

3 illus, 5 tables, 27 ref

011947   Kaushal S L (Institute of Management Studies, H P Univ, Shimla) : Survey on work culture and ethical behavior: a case study of HP police force. Productivity 2010, 50(4), 319-25.

Work culture refers to the basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ruling the way employees think about and act on the problems and opportunities within an organization. An ethical work culture of an organization manifests a place characterized by respect, trust, caring, justice, co-operation, team cohesiveness, integrity, moral awareness and consequently a high performance. However, these values are being replaced by disvalues such as short cuts, avoidance, speed, dissatisfaction, frustration, failure, stress, discrimination, anger, jealousy, and corruption that are hampering performance. This in turn affects efficiency and tarnishes the image of an organization, whether manufacturing or services, e.g. police administration. The present study on police administration in general and Himachal Pradesh in particular gains importance in view to analyze their work culture and functioning style. Therefore, the present survey was undertaken on a random sample of 100 employees to study the ethical work culture in HP Police, to examine the designation, experience, salary slab, and department wise relationship with their ethical conduct. Opinions of employees have been gathered through a 24 item questionnaire on a five point scale containing six dimensions of ethical work culture suggested by Patric and Quinn (1994) as social darwinism, machiavellianism, popular conformity, allegiance to authority, democratic participation and organizational integrity. The collected data has been analyzed with the help of statistical techniques like mean, standard deviation and t- values. To conclude findings of the survey on ethical work culture amongst HP Police force indicated high morals and integrity in their conduct. The IPS officers opined democratic participation, HPS and HP police cadre employees identified principled integrity as the dominating dimension of ethical work culture. The salarywise analysis indicated that middle-income group people are having more ethical tendencies as compared to others. However, all three groups favored principled integrity as their major instinct. The new entrants were found to be having tendencies of greater ethical conduct in comparison to senior and older employees. The investigation department was observed to be higher on ethical work culture followed by intelligence department. It can be said that in almost all departments and groups, employee signify respect to authority, rules and norms, loyalty, justice friendly, caring attitude, and discipline that constitute a rich work culture. However, on the basis of the gaps and differences in their opinion on ethical conduct, scope has been felt for improvement.

4 tables, 18 ref

011946   Kashyap M;Sharma D K (Institute of Management Studies, Himachal Pradesh Univ, Himachal Pradesh) : International financial reporting standard: adoption or convergence for India. Productivity 2010, 51(3), 211-14.

With the commencement of the financial year 2011, nearly 10,000 companies in India will be moving to a different way of preparing their accounts, that is, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Earlier it was considered to be the gateway to listing companies abroad without a single document needed. But now to become globally competitive and comparable, IFRS has become prerequisite for all the economies. IFRS reform proposal has been given by G-20 working group on enhancing sound regulation and strengthening transparency. Accordingly, the IASB has initiated appropriate modifications to the relevant accounting standards. The present study is an attempt to view the IFRS from Indian perspective and concludes that India can excel in accounting bandwagon and it will be a big opportunity as countries around the world adopt the uniform accounting system IFRS.

6 ref

011945   Jain A K;Jain S (NO, Ideal Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, Email: hodmba.ideal@gmail.com) : Workplace environment and its impact on organisational performance in public sector organisations. H R J Mgmt 2012, 5(1), 89-102.

The workplace environment impacts employee morale, productivity and engagement - both positively and negatively. The work place environment in a majority of industry is unsafe and unhealthy. These includes poorly designed workstations, unsuitable furniture, lack of ventilation, inappropriate lighting, excessive noise, insufficient safety measures in fire emergencies and lack of personal protective equipment. People working in such environment are prone to occupational disease and it impacts on employee's performance. Thus productivity is decreased due to the workplace environment. It is the quality of the employee's workplace environment that most impacts on their level of motivation and subsequent performance. How well they engage with the organization, especially with their immediate environment, influences to a great extent their error rate, level of innovation and collaboration with other employees, absenteeism and ultimately, how long they stay in the job. Creating a work environment in which employees are productive is essential to increased profits for your organization, corporation or small business. The relationship between work, the workplace and the tools of work, workplace becomes an integral part of work itself. The management that dictate how, exactly, to maximize employee productivity center around two major areas of focus: personal motivation and the infrastructure of the work environment. Presents the analysis of the working environment at different public sector Organizations and the research done to understand the performance level of the employees due to the work environment, and also aim at suggesting few interactions to provide better work environment at Public Sector Organizations.

1 illus, 9 tables, 18 ref

011944   Hasan S A;Khilnani S;Luthra R (NO, Human Resource Development Group, CSIR Complex, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi) : PhD fellowships in the area of basic and engineering sciences-an analysis of CSIR senior research fellowships. Productivity 2010, 51(3), 276-89.

Research students play a critical role in scientific inventions and innovations and emphasis is being laid world-over to produce more PhDs in Science and Engineering. During 2006, India's share in science PhDs was 5.5 percent of the world and in engineering it was less than 2 percent. Efforts are being made to encourage more students to do PhD in science and engineering by providing Senior Research Fellowships (SRF). During 2004-05 to 2008-09, 4,117 students from 376 institutions appeared in interview for award of SRF offered by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). About 50 percent of the students appeared/selected for SRF were from Chemical and Biological sciences, and 14 percent were from engineering sciences. Majority (87 percent) of the total fellowships (1790) have gone to the students from institutions located in the 11 states/Union Territories(UT) viz. Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Goa.

4 illus, 6 tables, 16 ref

011943   Desai T N;Erubothu A K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat) : Interrelationship between total quality management and productivity. Productivity 2010, 50(4), 268-78.

Companies often fear that adopting Total Quality Management or certain other quality policies always results in the drop in productivity. This article tries to do away with that notion by first orienting the reader to TQM and later explaining the linkage between TQM and productivity. This article discusses the evolution of TQM and its benefits, the interrelationship between elements of TQM and productivity and briefly explains the critical success factors of TQM. This article concludes that with the right approach towards quality, an organizations'quality may not only be maintained but drastically enhanced.

6 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

011942   Costa J C (Commerce Dep, Rosary College of Commerce and Arts, Navelim, Salcete, Email: juao@rediffmail.com) : Empirical study of goan students' behaviour towards advertisements. Indian J Market 2012, 42(4), 24-34.

8 tables, 34 ref

011941   Chaudhary R R;Balara A (Computer Science Engineering Dep, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: radha_chaudhary2003@yahoo.com) : Lean approach-a new success mantra for institutes. Dronacharya Res J 2011, 3(2), 33-5.

Change is only constant in life. Be it business, culture, and education everywhere the change is happening in our country. The new found economic growths have witnessed a sea change in our approach to managing the business. The society has changed and so the education need has changed. Today, the education need has become broad based and essential. The institutes responsible for addressing these needs are also undergoing the churn of change, largely to meet their survival and growth ambitions. The twin challenge has led the institutes to look at the possibilities of introducing a practice of "LEAN APPROACH" as their management mantra. This paper illustrates how the "Lean Approach" method can be institutionalized for engineering colleges to meet its ambitions.

3 illus, 1 ref

011940   Barmola K C;Srivastava S K (NO, Psychology Gurukul Kangri Univ, Haridwar) : Role of consumer behaviour in present marketing management scenario. Productivity 2010, 51(3), 268-75.

Explores the role of consumer behavior in present marketing management scenario. The behavior that the consumers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their needs. Consumer behavior is influenced by various factors like individual, environmental, and decision making. And these factors maybe helpful to marketers in their marketing. Marketing is all about understanding consumer needs and steering the customer toward your product by creating certain wants in the minds of the customer. To do this, marketers should be aware of the consumer buying behavior process. Consumer buying behavior process includes buyer recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post purchase decision. The first basic and general objective of this article is the analysis of the consumer behavior in relation to marketing management. It is examined through the origin and evolution of related studies. On the other hand, it also offers information relative to the influences perceived and detected in these developments. This article presents totally concept-based findings. This data allows us to offer an approximated picture of the consumer behavior in marketing management. As a result the role of a consumer behavior is pivotal to all strategies for marketing.

19 ref

011939   Arabi U (Economics Dep, Mangalore Univ, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka) : Implications of global financial and economic crisis on foreign direct investment flows(FDI): the Indian perspective. Productivity 2011, 51(4), 321-34.

The unusual magnitude of the ongoing global financial and economic crisis is raising major concerns for the movements in international investments. The crisis has affected the decline of FDI flows. Despite the global slowdown, India has managed to display resilience and attract good investments. The improved sentiment for the country's economic outlook backed by strong political mandate and fiscal reforms helping India to enhance its overall share in capital flows marked for emerging markets. Despite these, the global financial crisis poses new challenges for the foreign investment policies of developing countries and also created the fear of investment protectionism and potentially negative indirect impact of bailout and rescue packages on FDI flows on the developing economies. This study aims to evaluate the current status of FDI flows to India and the factors affected the slow down of FDIs in India since the global crisis, the structural reforms packages ensured by the RBI and the government which aimed at renewed commitment to an open environment for inward and outward FDI and targeting the implementation of policies promoting investment climate and innovation.

2 tables, 44 ref

011938   Anita Kumari (Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi Enclave Univ, Delhi) : Impact of technology policy on productivity growth:an econometric study of pharmaceutical industry in India. Productivity 2010, 50(4), 259-67.

As part of India's major economic reforms in 1991, there has been vast changes in technology policy in India for improving the productivity and competitiveness of firms. The study analysed the impact of these changes in technology policy on productivity growth of firms in Indian Pharmaceutical industry, the most-vibrant knowledge based industry which is going to be affected most by the changes in the technology policy in India and globalisation of world economy. The study shows that liberalization of technology policy has played an important role in the productivity performance of firms in Indian pharmaceutical industry in the post reform period.

2 tables, 52 ref

010860   Viswanatha Reddy C;Viswa Pavani J (Management Studies Dep, Sree Vidyanikethan Institute of Management, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, Email: vsrits@yahoo.com) : Intrinsic value estimation through fundamental analysis : a case study of Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad. Indian J Finance 2012, 6(2), (NULL).

Fundamental analysis is a stock valuation method that uses financial and economic analysis to predict the movement of stock prices. It is a process of looking at a business at the fundamental financial level. It is a three-step examination, which calls for understanding the macro-economic environment and developments, analyzing the prospects of the industry to which the firm belongs, assessing the projected performance of the company. Company analysis for the estimation of intrinsic value can be organized in two parts (a) a study of financials, and (b) a study of other factors. However, the researchers have restricted to the study of financials only and have not focused on other factors. There are two principal methods of equity valuation, viz., the dividend discount model and the earnings multiplier model. In practice, the earnings' multiplier method is the most popular method. The key questions to be addressed in applying the earnings multiplier approach are: What is the expected EPS for the forthcoming year? What is a reasonable P/E ratio given the growth prospects, risk exposure, and other characteristics of the firm? To answer these questions, investment analysts start with a historical analysis of earnings (and dividends), growth, risk, and valuation and use this as a foundation for developing the forecasts required for estimating the intrinsic value.

14 ref

010859   Vashishtha S D;Sharma P (Commerce Dep, MDU, Rohtak, Email: vashishthasd@yahoo.com) : Intellectual capital in learning organizations. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(3), (NULL).

Educational Institutions having a proper check on the management of their intellectual capital are enjoying better status in the market. It has been proven many times that by virtue of physical and financial capital, no organization can survive in the market. It is the intellectual capital or the intangibles which work as value enhancers in an organization and aid in the organization attaining great heights in the market. In learning organizations, where input and output both are intangibles. Intellectual capital is the main input, output and value driver of it. Since there is little research in this field, so with the help of this treatise, an attempt has been made by the authors to accentuate the composition of intellectual capital in learning organizations and the relevance of the management of intellectual capital in learning organizations.

25 ref

010858   Umesh Kumar (NO, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, New Delhi, Email: umeshdhanwal@gmail.com) : Is there any Diwali Effect?. Indian J Finance 2012, 6(3), (NULL).

Study investigates the existence of seasonality in National Stock Exchange. The study uses the monthly return data of the S&P CNX NIFTY Index. After examining the stationary of the returns series, the researcher used Paired T-test in order to check excess returns before 8 days (inclusive of Mahurat trading day) and after 7 days. The researcher also checked out of the sample data for 15 days and 20 days for checking the existence of excess return and came out with same results. Further, the researcher used EGarch model for checking the volatility of index during 15 days prior and post Mahurat Trading day (excluding Mahurat trading day). The study reveals evidence of excess returns during the period of 7 days post Mahurat Trading and greater volatility during the period of post Mahurat trading day as compared to pre Mahurat trading day. The evidence of seasonality implies that the National stock exchange market is not informationally efficient. Hence, investors may be able to time their share investments to improve returns.

56 ref

010857   Tripathi P;Tripathi P (NO, Radio Mantra, , Email: prashant.tripathi2@gmail.com) : Influence of technological revolution on human resource management. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(3), (NULL).

Technological revolution is resulting in drastic shifts in structure in industry and society. These shifts have far-reaching implications for HR professionals. The technological revolution's impact in India is presented with implications for HR professionals.

16 ref

010856   Suresh Kumar (Commerce Dep, Government Degree College, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, Email: suresh.commerce@gmail.com) : Impact of socio-personal profile on organisational climate perception: an empirical study. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(3), (NULL).

Organizational Climate is the summary perception which people have about an organization. It is a global expression of what the organization is. The investigation is an attempt to understand the organizational climate concept and to explore the influence of socio - personal variables on the building of organizational climate perception. The study was conducted on 360 respondents belonging to Bhakra - Beas Management Board (BBMB), an enterprise in India. The study was conducted during 2008 to 2010. It was generally perceived that the organizational climate is perceived equally by the all employees. Is there any significant mean difference on organizational climate score according the socio personal variable groups? The study findings suggest that the majority of organizational climate dimensions were found to be significantly differed and the employees expectations were found to have been fulfilled in all formats. Finally, the gender, background, occupational status and the time to fulfill spiritual needs variables support the alternate hypothesis. After a detailed discussion, it was found that most of the employees have perceived organizational climate as moderate. The mean difference on organizational climate perceptions also shows significant results. Thus, the perception groups were found to be significantly ranged.

12 ref

010855   Singh D P (NO, IILM Business School, New Delhi-110 044, Email: prof.d.p.singh@gmail.com) : Working capital management and profitability in IT and telecom industry in India. Indian J Finance 2012, 6(3), (NULL).

Study investigated the relationship between working capital management and profitability in the firms belonging to IT and telecommunication industry in India. 11 firms were randomly selected, out of which, 05 belong to information technology industry and the remaining are from the telecommunication industry. The researcher took the return on capital employed as a measure of profitability. And other variables for studying working capital management were working capital turnover, current ratio, days' inventory outstanding, days' sales outstanding, days' payable outstanding and cash conversion cycle. The researcher collected financials of the companies for 12 years from 1999 to 2010. Therefore, in all, 132 firm year observations (after pooling cross section and time series data) were used for the study. The researcher carried out descriptive statistics and correlation analysis using SPSS. The results show a positive relationship between working capital turnover, current ratio, sales to total asset ratio and profitability. Day's inventory outstanding shows a negative relationship with profitability. Relationship of current ratio with profitability, which is positive, is a departure from past studies.

29 ref

010854   Shalini Singh (NO, Cambridge Institute of Technology, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, Email: shalini_singh02@yahoo.com) : Right to Information Act and employee relations in India. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(3), (NULL).

There has been a tremendous growth in information and technology in the 21st century, which primarily aims to equip people to make informed and better decisions. The Right to Information Act, passed by the Indian Parliament in the year 2005 has proven to be a landmark for good governance and has a far-reaching impact in having better and informed employee relations and achieve greater transparency and accountability in the working of organizations. It is believed that the RTI Act is limited to government and public authorities, and does not apply to the private sector. The purpose is to study the applicability of the Right to Information Act on the Public and Private Sector organizations and its relevance for the employees of both the private sector and public authorities and how this tool can be used for the betterment of employee relations in organizations.

16 ref

010853   Sebehela T (NO, Henley Business School, School of Real Estate and Planning, The Univer, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6UD, United Kingdom, Email: tsebehela@pgr.reading.ac.uk) : ROA on gold mines in ZA. Indian J Finance 2012, 6(3), (NULL).

There are virtually no empirical studies in South Africa (ZA) on pricing gold mines using real option analysis (ROA) despite the fact that ZA has relatively good mining prospects across the board and now and then, the mines close and re-open. Therefore, until gold mines in ZA are evaluated using a technique that takes into account the flexibility of mines to close and re-open at later stages, quoted gold mines values are most likely to be subjective. In "extracting" extra value that is normally not captured by traditional valuations methods (TVMs), this empirical study shapes its concepts and principles around Moel and Tufano (2001). Although, Moel and Tufano's (2001) empirical study is North American based, but the real options concepts should be consistent as Moel and Tufano (2001) was based on large data set. Results illustrated that real options concepts have similar impact of South African gold mines as in other countries. Interestingly, interest rates changes have the biggest optionality impact than other real options parameters. In other empirical studies, interest rates changes had optionality impact, but not biggest causal effect.

6 ref

010852   Sasikala (NO, Auxilium College for Women, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, Email: sasidaya@yahoo.co.in) : Dr. Reddy's liquidity management and trade-off between liquidity, risk and profitability: an empirical study. Indian J Finance 2012, 6(2), (NULL).

Study is based on different measures to assess the qualitative efficiency of liquidity management and trade-off between liquidity, risk and profitability. There was a negative association between liquidity and profitability. It reflects the unfavorable effect of liquidity on profitability. The negative correlation between risk and profitability reflects the unfavorable effect of risk and profitability. It reveals that the overall performance regarding liquidity management at Dr.Reddy's was very good from the creditor's point of view, but according to the management's point of view, it reflects bad financial planning and inefficient tie up of liquid funds. The company maintained an excess in relation to total assets was also high. However, it showed greater efficiency both in working capital turnover and in the realization of receivables. It indicates that the high degree of conservative policy adopted by the company has made a negative impact on its profitability.

9 ref

010851   Roy A;Dutta S (Economics Dep, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, Email: amithroy2008@yahoo.co.in) : Assessing income generation from SHG micro enterprises: a study of a backward region of Assam. Indian J Finance 2012, 6(2), (NULL).

Examines the level of income generation of the SHG members from their micro enterprises and attempts to identify proximate determinants of the same. The study is based on the field survey in four Development Blocks of the Karimganj District of Assam. Both NGO connected SHGs and SHGs without having any NGO connection were taken into consideration for the better understanding of the impact of NGOs on SHGs. Regression analysis is applied in identifying factors having a significant impact on income of the SHG members. It is observed that NGO connected SHG members are the most vulnerable and are at a disadvantaged position than their counterparts so far as income from their enterprises is concerned. Education has a statistically positive impact on income so also SHG member's savings and religion. Male female disparity is also noticeable in income from micro enterprises. Poor SHG members, who have a relative edge over others in asset possession, have also performed relatively better in generating income from their enterprises. It appears that close monitoring of the group activities and providing suitable training facility is critical to materialize the benefits of Self-help Groups. NGOs need to review their actions and have a crucial role to play in making SHG projects a success.

11 ref

010850   Raj Kumar (Commerce Dep, RKMV, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, Email: rkapchp@gmail.com) : Nishkam Karma: the path for corporate social responsibility. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(2), (NULL).

CSR is a self-regulating mechanism, and is concerned with the inner voice of corporate masters. It is assumed that the teachings of The Gita, specifically the philosophy of Nishkam Karma, offer good direction in the discharge of responsibility towards "tetra bottom line" i.e. people, planet, profit and spirituality. There is no denying the fact that all the great scriptures of all the religions offer immense wisdom for inculcating values and ethical norms in the corporate world, which can be the basic ethical conduct of business. Literature dealing with the interplay between spirituality and business has been growing over the last many years. The prevailing studies on the subject delineate that researchers are doing a commendable research on the role of spirituality in the ethical governance of business. However, the present study is aimed at formulating and systematizing the intuitive wisdom of The Gita in the field of CSR.An attempt has been made to study the concept of CSR from the Vedic perspective; to study CSR from the modern perspective; to evaluate the dilemma of CSR in the contemporary globalized regime; and to study the of philosophy of Nishkam Karma and its relevance to CSR practices and initiatives. The philosophy of Nishkam Karma demands freedom from i-me-my-mine syndrome and going beyond realities to sensitivity towards certain interdependent, shared spaces and values. This makes corporate mentors to realize that "beyond profits are more profits". The research is mainly exploratory in nature and is based on qualitative research methodology, which is the interpretation of the teachings of The Gita and other ancient and spiritual literature.

23 ref

010849   Pandu A;Hussain M G (NO, Pondicherry University Community College, Lawspet, Puducherry, Email: alangayampandu@gmail.com) : Suitable lawful structure for introduction of islamic banking in India. Indian J Finance 2012, 6(2), (NULL).

Examines the Islamic Banking system on a domestic level in comparison to the global level as well as compares the same to the conventional banking system. A well-developed banking system is a pre-requisite for the smooth and effective functioning of an economy. The basic task of any banking organization is it to mobilize savings from the investors' community and channel these savings to high - yielding projects. The fundamentals of most banks in the world are based on interest charged on loans and interest paid on deposits. Islamic banking is based on Islam's Shariah principles, according to those principles, interest (Ribah) in any form is unlawful and a borrower must not bear all the risks/ cost of a failure, resulting in a balanced distribution of income and not allowing the lender to monopolize the economy. Hence, Islamic Banking operates without charging or paying interest. India is still in the front line for attracting placements and investments from abroad, and the Muslim dominated Middle East countries are having excess funds and are looking for suitable investment opportunities; this is the precise time to understand and adopt this emerging mode of banking known as Islamic Banking and to analyze its prospects in India. However, the present rules and regulations prohibit this banking system from entering and setting base in India. The authors have suggested a universally accepted legal frame work for introducing the same in India, after research on the past, present and existing regulatory models and market scenario.

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010848   Nisha Kumari;Verma S (Faculty of Management Sciences, Shoolini University of Bio-Technology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, Email: nishurgh@gmail.com) : Selected correlates of organizational stress in higher education institutions. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(3), (NULL).

In the modern world, stress is a phenomenon that must be seriously recognized and addressed in various professions, particularly in view of increasing incidents of burnouts and health hazards. The teaching profession is no exception. Knowledge about stressors could be valuable in order to avoid and/or manage factors causing stress in teaching at the higher educational level. The study attempts to understand the relationship of organizational role stress with personal factors such as gender, age and education. The study was conducted among college teachers serving in Himachal Pradesh. After collecting data from representative sample and tabulating it, statistical techniques like Correlation, ANOVA and Regressions were used to analyze the data. The results revealed significant relationship of gender with certain stress dimensions namely, inter role distance, role explosion, role overload and role ambiguity. Males were found to be more under the influence of stress as compared to females. Further, the respondents from the lowest age group and lowest level of education were found to be highly stressed. Teachers at the formative stage tend to be more under stress. The reasons may be varied depending upon the career aspirations, family responsibilities and environmental threats. Since a stressful employee is hardly a productive employee, hence strategies should be worked out for providing an environment where the employees seek solutions for the effective management of their stress.

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010847   Nagar M (NO, University of Kota, Kota, Rajsthan, Email: minakshi_nagar@yahoo.com) : Managing diversity at the workplace in a global economy: challenges and opportunities. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(2), (NULL).

Diversity is a very sensitive topic and is discussed under such labels as civil rights, affirmative action, reverse discrimination, quotas, racism, and sexism. All human organizations have "differences". People are different not only in gender, culture, race, social and psychological characteristics, but also in their perspectives and prejudices. As the world continues the process of globalization, workplace diversity is becoming a common phenomenon. Managing diversity is an on-going process that unleashes the various talents and capabilities which a diverse population brings to an organization, community or society, so as to create a wholesome, inclusive environment, that is "safe for differences", enables people to "reject rejection" , celebrates diversity, and maximizes the full potential of all, in a cultural context where everyone benefits. Some studies suggest that it means approaching diversity at three levels simultaneously: individual, interpersonal, and organizational. The traditional focus has been on interpersonal and individual aspects alone. At its best, it means getting from employees not only everything you have a right to expect, but everything they have to offer (R. Roosevelt Thomas). The Objectives of the study are to explain the concept of diversity and the reasons for its emergence, to examine the impact of diversity on the business performance and to analyze the factors influencing the impact of diversity and to highlight the various business strategies for managing diversity in the workplace.

31 ref

010846   Krishnan C (NO, Amity International Business School, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Email: ananya.chitra@gmail.com) : Ambalamugal Medical Aid Society initiative by BPCL-Kochi Refinery. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(3), (NULL).

CSR is a concept whereby large organizations consider the interests of society by taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communities and other stakeholders, as well as the environment. As the world continues to analyze energy availability and the long-term effects of climate change, businesses too are turning their attention to an area of opportunity - reduction of carbon emissions, energy conservation and supply chain sustainability. CSR holds organizations to a higher moral and ethical standard, considering the overall interests of society in the operations of its day-to-day businesses. An approach for CSR that is becoming more widely accepted is community-based development approach. In this approach, corporates work with local communities to better themselves. For example, the Shell Foundation's involvement in the Flower Valley, South Africa. A more common approach of CSR is Philanthropy. This includes monetary donations and aid given to local organizations and impoverished communities in developing countries. Some organizations do not like this approach, as it does not help build on the skills of the local people, whereas, community-based development generally leads to a more sustainable development. Another approach to CSR is to incorporate the CSR strategy directly into the business strategy of an organization. For instance, procurement of Fair Trade tea and coffee has been adopted by various businesses, including KPMG. Its CSR manager commented, "Fair-trade fits very strongly into our commitment to our communities."

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010845   Khosla R (NO, Chandigarh Business School, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, Email: rajivkhosla78@gmail.com) : Production efficiency of the selected agro industries in Punjab. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(2), (NULL).

Punjab agriculture has reached a stage where its viability and sustainability is in doubt. The green revolution led to a dramatic increase in agricultural production, but in the years following green revolution, high rates of productivity growth have been sustained at the cost of underground water table depletion and heavy doses of fertilizers with diminishing growth in the yields of major crops. Scholars have advocated for the development of agro-based industries in the state to offer a possible solution to the problem. However, the development of agro industries in an imprecise way will not offer any solution. The study attempts to find out the efficient agro industries and suggests policy implications for the development of the agro based industries in the state.

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010844   Kasinath Sastry K;Dilip H R (NO, Shridevi Institute of Management Studies, Tumkur, Karnataka, Email: kasinathshastry@gmail.com) : Making your business plan a real one byy establishing milestones. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(2), (NULL).

Main aim of any business is to maximize the profit and create wealth for a company. Customer satisfaction and cost of production are the two parameters which are to be dealt, in maximizing the profit and wealth. Cost of production is directly proportionate to the customer satisfaction. Higher the customer , the higher will be the cost. If the customer satisfaction is the main objective, then we may have to compromise on the cost of production and the customer satisfaction. To optimize the customer satisfaction and the cost of production, we have to fix a feasible target for the output of any organization, and then everyone in the organization has to chase and see that their target is attained. To reach these targets, everyone in the organization has to fix his own target and integrate it with that of the organization. This target or the objective of the organization is identified as the milestone of the organization in respect to the output. Makes a study in to the different aspects of fixing the target for the company and then passing it on to the different departments and to each activity of every department.

6 ref

010843   Jahan N (NO, School of Business, Independent University, Bangladesh, Email: mrs_ashfaque@yahoo.com) : Determinants of Bank's profitability: evidence from Bangladesh. Indian J Finance 2012, 6(2), (NULL).

Empirical study was conducted on randomly selected six commercial banks of Bangladesh. The study uses widely used determinants of banks' profitabilities, which are ROA, ROE and ROD and these are also commonly used criterion of Bangladesh Bank to evaluate banks' performance. In addition, this study evaluates the efficiency ratio, asset utilization ratio, asset size and ROD as a determinant of banks' profitability measured by ROA. The results of the financial indicators reveal that the Prime Bank is considered to be out performing in terms of total assets, whereas Arab Bangladesh Bank is showing soaring performance in terms of profitability. The results of regression analysis found the explanatory variables - operational efficiency, asset size and ROD to be positively related and asset utilization to be negatively related to ROA, but these associations are statistically insignificant.

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010842   Inegbedion H E (Business Administration Dep, University of Benin, Benin City) : Macroeconomic determinants of stock price changes: empirical evidence from Nigeria. Indian J Finance 2012, 6(2), (NULL).

Study examined the Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Price Behavior in the Nigerian stock market. The objective was to determine whether selected macroeconomic variables, interest rate, inflation rate, and exchange rate affect stock price movements. Unit root test was conducted to test for Stationarity as well as to determine the degree of integration. Research data were analyzed first, by using the Ordinary least Squares Method. However, with a calculated Durbin-Watson Statistic of 0.20665, it was evident that the stochastic error terms were auto correlated, thus indicating that the results of the Ordinary least square test are spurious. This necessitated some adjustment to correct the presence of the auto correlation of the stochastic error terms; this was done using Cochran-Orcutt autoregressive model of order 2 AR (2). The results of the study showed that some macroeconomic variables significantly affect stock price movements and thus affect the stability of the Nigerian Capital Market.

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010841   Gupta R (Economics Dep, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, Email: rajngupta75@yahoo.co.in) : Factors affecting stock prices : the linkage between stock market and product market. Indian J Finance 2012, 6(3), (NULL).

Wide number of investigations have been made to identify the factors determining stock prices. All those investigations are, however, based on the single equation technique, where explanatory variables are treated as exogenous. The study formulates a simultaneous equation model to explore inter connections between the explanatory variables. The model links up stock market with the product market, and the proposed model is empirically verified for the Indian cement industry. Panel data have been considered for that purpose. Empirical results support the model and establish the linkage between the stock market and the product market.

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010840   Dhaneshwar Singh N;Ramananda Singh H (NO, North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd, Guwahati, Assam, Email: nepramdhane@yahoo.co.in) : Social impact of microfinance on SHG members: a case study of Manipur. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(3), (NULL).

Manipur is one of the economically backward states and is located at the easternmost remote corner of India. Although microfinance movement is comparatively new in the state of Manipur, it is becoming increasingly popular in the rural areas of Manipur as well as in the other parts of the country. Formation of SHGs has become a movement in rural areas. There are 602 NGOs, out of which 70 NGOs are directly associated with microfinance and are involved in the socio-economic development of the rural and backward people of Manipur. These NGOs have been playing important role in giving both financial and non-financial support to poor people for taking up various income-generating activities. Atempts to highlight the social impact of microfinance on SHG members in terms of self-confidence level, ability to take decisions, social awareness and social responsibility, skill development, access to better health services and other social infrastructure facilities after joining the microfinance programme of the NGOs in the state of Manipur.

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010839   Biswas S;Rahman A;Shinwary S S (NO, , Dhaka, Bangladesh) : Trend of the income inequality: evidence from Bangladesh. Indian J Finance 2012, 6(3), (NULL).

Seeks to unfold the relationship between income inequality, poverty and economic growth in Bangladesh for the period 1974 - 2006. For the measurement of the income inequality, Gini Coefficient has been used. For analyzing the overall trend in the income inequality national, urban and rural, Gini Coefficients from 1974 to 2006 have been investigated. The trend in national, urban and rural Gini Coefficients express the state of national, urban and rural income inequality and poverty. With the aim of examining the correlations among income inequality, poverty and growth of the economy, correlations and coefficient of regressions among the growth of the GDP, national, urban and rural Gini Coefficients have been computed and analyzed. Finally, validating the findings of the data analysis opinion survey has been done. In the end, on the basis of findings of the study suggestions for the reduction of the income inequality and poverty have been made.

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010838   Bawa S K;Verma R (Commerce and Busines Management Dep, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, Email: skbawa_gndu@yahoo.com) : Factors affecting the selection of health insurance: an empirical study. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(2), (NULL).

There is a dire need to study the state of health insurance as well as factors affecting the selection of health insurance by an individual. The reason is attributable to the fact that, firstly; this is one of the growing businesses and secondly; it is the need of the hour. Human beings can manage to live without good education.without a splendid car.without an opulent house., but no one can manage to live without good and excellent health, that too when he/she is living below the poverty line. One of the solutions to this is to take a health insurance scheme which is a widely recognized mechanism to finance health care of an individual, because he/she has to just make gradual contribution towards the premium of the insurance and he/ she can get rid of health worries. So, the present study is an effort in the field of health insurance - to investigate and to examine the various factors affecting the selection of health insurance by an individual. For this, a sample of 180 respondents has been considered from the Amritsar district of Punjab. Thereafter, the use of Factor Analysis has been made, which shows that there are seven key factors (by clubbing the related variables), which widely affect and govern the selection of health insurance by an individual. These key factors are namely: Ease with which the services can be obtained; Minimum Consideration; Availability of Funds (whether in hand or from outside); Intermediaries' Outreach and Capabilities; Multiplicity of Benefits with Extensive Promotional Activities; Goodwill and Linkage of the Company with Third Party Administrators (TPAs); and Operating with Customers' Oriented Modern Technology.

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010837   Bansal Y;Desai A N (NO, Columbia University, New York, USA, Email: ybansal@gmail.com) : IPO volatility in Indian markets. Indian J Finance 2012, 6(2), (NULL).

Raising money by offering Initial Public Offering (IPO) has proven to be an effective mechanism for firms. A firm with the help of underwriters fix the issue price usually, `leaving enough on the table'. This IPO underpricing has been well documented by various researchers across the globe, including the authors, in the Indian context. This phenomenon and the absence of any trading history make it difficult to determine the fair price of the stock. In case of markets being fully efficient, the listing price should reflect the fair value, and the price should be fairly stable after that. The authors challenge the notion of existence of strong form of efficiency in the Indian markets by providing empirical evidences on volatility and volume trading. To reduce this volatility, the authors have proposed several mechanisms such as use of anchor investors, price band on listing day, strengthening derivatives market and alternative method to book building in determining issue price.

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010836   Anupama R;Bansal S (IT Dep, Amity Business School, Amity University Campus, Noida, U.P) : Information technology : the change agent for paradigm of education - with special reference to Indian conditions. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(2), (NULL).

Information Technology is a great driver of change and re-engineering. With IT, unchartered territories can be covered and new heights scaled. Increased communication, speed in transactions, accuracy in administrative tasks and collaboration amongst team members are the obvious advantages. The implementation of IT has gone much, much beyond - E-learning, virtual classrooms, IP Cameras enabling archives of surveillance; global connectivity of classrooms in case of guest lectures are only some of the initiatives. The study traces evolution and implementation of IT. It also studies the difficulties faced and solutions worked out till optimum scenarios are reached. It also emphasizes on the changing teaching-learning pedagogies and the impact IT-enabled processes has on the students. Both advantages and fallouts are discussed, and it poses to the readers the question of an optimum mix of IT enabled and traditional academics. Security aspects were another area of concern, be it intellectual and copyrights of professors when they upload their lectures on the intranet or integrity of databases. The traces the impact IT is having on the teaching-learning scenarios across the world, with special reference to India. The areas of inequality of acceptance and use are discussed, especially the parameters of gender, culture and physical inabilities. Various tools of IT implementation such as blogs, podcasts, weblogs, discussion forums have been studied. Again, emerging trends such as Virtual Learning Environments, Weblogs, edutainment, learning ware, group ware, Group Support Systems, etc. are highlighted. It also tries to understand the barriers faced by educators, students and administrators in acceptance of IT enabled teaching - learning platforms. The essential balance between content and technology has to be maintained. Certain educational, economical and technical pre-requisites are mulled upon.

010835   Amsaveni R;Gomathi S (NO, Hindusutan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: amsa_parthi@rediffmail.com) : Determinants of capital structure: a study of the pharmaceutical industry in India. Indian J Finance 2012, 6(3), (NULL).

Capital structure of a company is the combination of debt, equity and other sources of finance that it uses to fund its long-term asset. The key division in capital structure is between debt and equity. The proportion of debt funding is measured by gearing or leverages. There are different factors that affect a firm's capital structure, and a firm should attempt to determine what is optimal, or best mix of financing. But determining the exact optimal capital structure is not a science, so after analyzing a number of factors, a firm establishes a target capital structure which it believes is optimal. The study aims to analyze the determinants of capital structure in the Indian pharmaceutical industry, with a sample size of 42 companies, which are listed in the BSE for a period from 2000- 2010. The objectives of the studies are to examine the factors influencing the debt and equity mix of the pharmaceutical industry, and to analyze the impact of leverage in capital structure decisions, and to examine the applicability of trade-off and pecking order theories for the Indian pharmaceutical Industry. The Correlation, Regression analysis, and factor analysis have been carried out, taking leverage as the dependent variable. Profitability, growth, size, Business risk, tangibility, NDTS, liquidity, and uniqueness are explanatory variables. The findings of the study suggest that profitability, uniqueness, business risk and liquidity are negatively related to the leverage, while tangibility, growth, size, non-debt tax shields exhibit positive relationship with leverage. Hence, the result of the study is partially supportive of the pecking order and trade-off theory.

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010834   Afroz N (Psychology Dep, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: nishatabsar@hotmail.com) : Maslow's eupsychian management. Prabandhan: Indian J Mgmt 2012, 5(2), (NULL).

Introduces Maslow's utopian vision of managing people at work. Drawing upon the notion of self-actualization, Maslow coined the term `Eupsychia'. It refers to an ideal culture that might be created under the most favourable circumstances. Maslow thought that such an ideal culture would facilitate self-actualization of people. He saw Eupsychian Management as a managerial philosophy that would create an environment in which people could achieve self-actualization though their work. Maslow believed that the work life of people were the main ingredient of achieving self-actualization. Maslow has done more to change our view of human nature and human possibilities than any other psychologist. His influence, both direct and indirect, continues to grow, especially in the fields of health, education, and management theory, and in the personal and social lives of the individuals. Author has tried to elaborate on the key implication of Maslow's ideas on managing people and organizations and how these principles have been applied in the work context.

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009742   Wu N L (NO, Eastern Michigan Univ, ) : Productive visual planning, scheduling, and control with calendar load charts: two case implementations. Productivity 2010, 51(1), 81-9.

Many Lean Principles that were developed since the early 1970s have been introduced on a very large scale since the 1990s (Walker, Wu, 2004a, p. 404). Some of these principles have benefited product development, the work place in general and production control on the shop floor. Lean thinking, centered on finding waste and eliminating it, must include lean communication tools and systems. These not only include Value Stream Mapping, but could be simple visual controls. Very effective lean communication tools, such as visual controls, are used to communicate what needs to be done in a timely fashion. This paper presents a brief overview of old and new systems. It also introduces the reader to the use of the "Calendar Load Chart" as a powerful visual tool that can be used in both the service and the manufacturing industry to plan, schedule and control work. The paper also demonstrates the effectiveness of the "calendar load charts" through the presentation and discussion of two case implementations.

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009741   Somalkar P N (Commerce Dep, Sardar Patel Mahavidyalaya, Chandrapur, Email: somalkar_prakash@rediffmail.co) : Know your customer (KYC) guidelines and anti money laundering (AMI) standards. SPM-JAR 2012, 1(1), 75-81.

In the recent past, crimes such as drug trafficking arms running, sex business is on increase in India. India is also known for its underworld activities and corruption. The activities as above are criminal activities and are oriented towards creation of huge amount of money. The money as brought out is called as dirty money. The said dirty money often enters into banking system and comes out as clean money. Thus a banking system is misused by the criminals for achieving the ulterior motive. Before the dirty money assumes significant size, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) the controller of monetary system in India decided to resort to Know Your Customer (KYC) procedure and Anti Money laundering (AML) measures in order to restrict the dirty money being converted into white money through the medium of banking system.

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009740   Sawlikar R;Kishor S B (Commerce Dep, Sardar Patel Mahavidyalaya, Chandrapur, Email: rahul.sawlikar@gmail.com) : Criteria for improving sustainable packaging. SPM-JAR 2012, 1(1), 87-9.

Sustainable Packaging is the development and use of packaging which results in improved sustainability. At the end stage of design it involves increased use of life cycle inventory (LCI) and life cycle assessment (LCA) to help guide the use of packaging which reduces the environmental impact and ecological footprint, but in the very first steps requires a look at the whole of the supply chain: from basic function, to marketing, and then through to end of life (LCA) and rebirth. The goals are to improve the long term viability and quality of life for humans and the longevity of natural ecosystems. Sustainable packaging must meet the functional and economic needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainability is not necessarily and end state but is a continuing process of improvement. There may be an expensive and lengthy process before the new forms of packaging are deemed safe to the public, and approval may take up to two years.

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009739   Prem Chand P (NO, The Bapatla College of Arts and Sciences, Bapatla, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh) : TQM gurus and their contributions. Pearl 2010, 4(2), 88-94.

This paper defines gurus and explains about guru. Mention different contributions to quality management. Presents different quality management gurus of USA and Japan and their ideas in detail.

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