012435   Weerathaworn P;Saravanan R;Prabpan M (Mitr Phol Sugarcane Research Centre, , Phukieo, Chaiyaphum, Thailand, Email: pipatw@mitrphol.com) : Sugarcane information and management system for mitr phol sugar group, Thailand. Sugar Tech 2006, 8(1), 1-2.

Mitr Phol Sugarcane Research Centre has developed "Sugarcane Information and Management System" (SIMS) with integrated suitable information technologies viz., Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System(GIS) and Global Positioning System(GPS) to map the cane area and build database of contract farmers' fields in the United Farmer and Industry Co. Ltd, Phukieo, Chaiyaphum. The project was initiated to improve administrative and cane management of each field in terms of estimation of cane area, extension, harvesting plan, transportation and yield increase. This project was carried out during 2002-2004 and covered about 50,000 ha of cane area on 25,000 fields in four provinces viz., Chaiyaphum, Khon Kaen, Loie and Nongbualampoo with 3,000 contract farmers. From visual interpretation authors could identify each field's boundary in the satellite image and geographic position along with field ownership was confirmed again by field survey using GPS. Then we used GIS to overlay different layers of data. The layer's overlay facilitates the result's manipulation and performance according to analysis link input data such as soil and fertilizer management, cultural practice, meteorological data, recommended varieties and soil suitability into SIMS for precision agriculture.

3 illus, 1 ref

012434   Uma Mageshwari S;Joseph M S (Department of Food Service Management and Dietetics, Avinashilingam Deemed University, Coimbatroe-641 043) : Impact of dietary exclusion of casein and gluten on selected autistic children. Indian J Nutr Diet 2006, 43(5), 183-91.

6 tables, 6 ref

012433   Singh B P (Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, Email: bhanups@phy.iitb.ac.in) : Optoelectronic and nonlinear optical processes in low dimensional semiconductors. Bull Mater Sci 2006, 29(6), 559-65.

Spatial confinement of quantum excitations on their characteristic wavelength scale in low dimensional materials offers unique possibilities to engineer the electronic structure and thereby control their physical properties by way of simple manipulation of geometrical parameters. This has led to an overwhelming interest in quasi-zero dimensional semiconductors or quantum dots as tunable materials for multitude of exciting applications in optoelectronic and nonlinear optical devices and quantum information processing. Large nonlinear optical response and high luminescence quantum yield expected in these systems is a consequence of huge enhancement of transition probabilities ensuing from quantum confinement. High quantum efficiency of photo-luminescence, however, is not usually realized in the case of bare semiconductor nanoparticles owing to the presence of surface states. In this talk, focus on the role of quantum confinement and surface states in ascertaining nonlinear optical and optoelectronic properties of II-VI semiconductor quantum dote and their nanocomposites. Also discuss the influence of nonlinear optical processes on their optoelectronic characteristics.

7 illus, 6 ref

012432   Nayak N K;Tanwar V K;Naruka S S (Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar-263 145) : Cost effective tofu incorporated chicken meat patties. Indian vet J 2006, 83(10), 1084-6.

Studies were conducted to prepare tofu extended chicken patties. Tofu (soy paneer) was incorporated at 0,10, 20 and 30% levels in chicken patties. Cooking yield exhibited significant increase (P<60>0.05) at 20% tofu level when compared to 0% tofu level, the result of-sensory evaluation .revealed significant (P<60>0.05) increase in various attributes at 10% tofu added patties. The physcochemical and sensory characteristics of fresh tofu extended chicken patties were studied and observed that 20% extended patties were relatively superior than patties extended with various tofu levels, on the basis of various parameters viz. economic consideration, consumer acceptability and nutritive quality of the product. This incorporation also reduces the cost of the product without affecting the quality and sensory attributes of the product.

1 table, 13 ref

012431   Matsuoka M (Sugarcane Breeding Laboratory, National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region (KONA, Anno 1742-1, Nishino-omote, Kagoshima, 891-3102, Japan) : Sugarcane cultivation and sugar industry in Japan. Sugar Tech 2006, 8(1), 3-9.

In Japan, sugarcane is grown only in the South-western Islands, at the southern most end of the Japanese Archipelago. Most of these islands are in the subtropics, natural and environmental conditions are fairly severe to sugarcane cultivation because of frequent typhoons, droughts in summer, low temperatures in winter and poor soil fertility. In recent years, sugarcane production has been sluggish due to the lack of labour caused by the aging of farmers, a delay of mechanization in cultivation and unfavorable weather conditions. However, since sugarcane is still a major crop and plays a key role that supports the livelihood of the region, the network of sugarcane technologists is continuing the united efforts to improve sugarcane production in the region. Reviews the outline of current situation of sugarcane production, sugar industry, general cultivation practices and sugarcane breeding outline in Japan, and also discusses about new approaches to breed new types of sugarcane, as a energy use and cattle feed through inter-specific and inter-generic cross.

8 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

012430   Mandal D;Tudu S;Mitra S R;De G C (NO, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture) Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan-731 236, Email: deepml@yahoo.com) : Effect of common packing materials on keeping quality of sugarcane jaggery during monsoon season. Sugar Tech 2006, 8(2-3), 137-42.

In experiments conducted in the Research Laboratory of Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati during 2002 and 2003, it was revealed that the best packing material for storing gur during monsoon season was heat-sealed LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) packet of 150 gauge followed by glass jars. LDPE packets prevented moisture ingress, fall in pH and inversion of sucrose in the stored gur to the maximum extent. However, colour of gur in LDPE packets was darker as compared to gur stored in glass jars. PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate) jars were as good as glass jars but the stored gur darkened more in PET jars. Canisters were better in comparison to painted earthen pots provided those were with airtight lid.

5 tables, 12 ref

012429   Letard J F;Carbonera C;Courcot E;Costa J S (Institue de Chimie de Ia Matiere Condensee de Bordeaux, UPR 9048 CNRS-Universite Bordeaux 1, Groupe des Sciences Molecularies, 87 Av. Doc. A. Schweitzer, F-33608 Pessac, France) : A typical example of a photomagnetic study carried out on a spin-crossover material. Bull Mater Sci 2006, 29(6), 567-71.

Light-induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) is a well known phenomenon in an iron(II) spin-crossover (SCO) material which offers some interesting prospects in data storage. Present a typical investigation of the photomagnetic properties of a SCO material. At the surface of the sample, the light-induced phenomenon is investigated by using a home-built reflectivity set up and in bulk material by using a quantum design SQUID magnetometer coupled to a light source.

4 illus, 23 ref

012428   Guin D;Manorama S V;Radha S;Nigam A K (Nanomaterials Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: manorama@iict.res.in) : One-pot size and shape controlled synthesis of DMSO capped iron oxide nanoparticles. Bull Mater Sci 2006, 29(6), 617-21.

Report here the capping of iron oxide nanoparticles with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to make chloroform soluble iron oxide nanoparticles. Size and shape of the capped iron oxide nanoparticles are well controlled by simply varying the reaction parameters. The synthesized nanocrystallites were characterized by thermal analysis (TG-DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for evaluating phase, structure and morphology, ¹H NMR spectra of the synthesized samples confirm DMSO, and the capping of DMSO on the ferrite samples. Shift of the S=O stretching frequency in Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra indicates that the bonding between DMSO and ferrite is through an oxygen moiety. The magnetic measurements of all the synthesized samples were investigated with a SQUID magnetometer which shows that the magnetic properties are strongly dependent on the size as well as shape of the iron oxide.

5 illus, 1 table, 19 ref, 1 s

012427   Guera G;Casado M R L G;Arguelles J;Isabel Sanchez MA;Manzano A M;Guzman T (Dept Microbiologia, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de la Habana, Cuba 25 y J, Vedado C. Habana, Cuba) : Cellulase production with sugarcane straw by Trichoderma citrinoviride on solid bed. Sugar Tech 2006, 8(1), 30-5.

Locally soil- isolated strain of Trichoderma citrinoviride produced cellulase activity levels quite similar to the overproducing mutant T. reesei (T. longibrachiatum) QM 9414 when grown in homogeneous cultures containing sugarcane straw. It was confirmed than the crude enzymatic extracts (filter paper enzyme, .carboxymethylcellulase and β-glucosidase) have similar traits to the reference strain. Both strains utilized more efficiently the ground substrate in relation to other pre-treatments assayed. Kinetics of growth in solid beds containing sugarcane straw showed than the fermentation stopped around 96-120 hours, obtaining the highest enzyme production (filter paper enzyme: 16 U/g), and released a minimum of residual sugar (glucose and xylose, 5.032 mg/g1). The final product is characterized by a reduction in fibre content of the substrate (40.4 %) and an increase in cell protein (6.2 - 7.9 %).

6 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

012426   Eswara Rao B;Reddy K P (Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati-517 502) : Quality of pickled spent chicken meat during storage. Indian vet J 2006, 83(10), 1087-9.

Spent chicken meat pickled in solution containing mustard oil or groundnut oil plus citric acid and were, stored at room temperature (32-35°C) for 80 days. The pH and ERV values of pickled meat decreased gradually during storage. Storage has caused gradual decline in moisture and increase in protein and ether extract content of pickled chicken meat. Increased (P<60>0.01) TBA values were observed during storage. Mesophillic count was lowest in (P<60>0.01) in 20 days .stored pickled meat and highest in (P<60>0.01) 60 and 80 days stored pickled meat. The mean scores of pickled chicken meat for colour, flavour, juiciness and overall acceptability were decreased (P<60>0.01) significantly from 60 to 80 days of storage, where as tenderness increased (P<60>0.01) upto 60 days of storage. In general the spent chicken meat can be pickled and stored for 80 days at room temperature without affecting its microbiological and organoleptic status.

2 tables, 11 ref

012425   Duguet E;Vasseur S;Mornet S;Goglio G; Demourgues A;Portier J;Grasset F;Veverka P;Pollert E (Institut de Chimie de la Matiere Condensee de Bordeaux, UPR CNRS 9048, Universite Bordeaus-1, 87 ave du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac Cedex, France, Email: duguet@icmcb-bordeaux.cnrs.fr) : Towards a versatile platform based on magnetic nanoparticles for in vivo applications. Bull Mater Sci 2006, 29(6), 581-6.

Magnetic nanoparticles have attracted wide attention because of their usefulness as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or colloidal mediators for cancer magnetic hyperthermia. Examines these in vivo applications through an understanding of the problems involved and the current and future possibilities for resolving them. A special emphasis is made on magnetic nanoparticle requirements from a physical viewpoint, the factors affecting their biodistribution and the solutions envisaged for enhancing their half-life in the blood compartment and targeting tumour cells. Then, our synthesis strategies are presented and focused on covalent platforms based on maghemite and dextran and capable to be tailor-derivatized by surface molecular chemistry. The opportunity of taking advantage of temperature-dependence of magnetic properties of some complex oxides for controlling the in vivo temperature is also discussed.

4 illus, 31 ref

012424   Das S N;Pal A K (Department of Instrumentation Science, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032) : Synthesis of B-Sb by rapid thermal annealing of B/Sb multilayer films. Bull Mater Sci 2006, 29(6), 549-52.

Group III-V compound B-Sb films were synthesized from B/Sb/.../B multilayer films deposited by electron gun evaporation onto silicon substrate and subjecting the above multilayer to rapid thermal annealing at 773 K for 3 min. The films were characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS and optical studies. XPS studies indicated the ratio of B: Sb <126>1. XRD and electron diffraction patterns indicated the reflections from (100), (111), (102) and (112) planes of zinc blende BSb. Band gap evaluated from optical studies was <126>0-51 eV. Refractive index of the films varied between 1.65 and 2.18 with increasing energy of incident photon and plasma frequency (ω_p) was estimated to be <126> 2.378 X 10^-14 s^-1. The effective mass was computed to be <126> 0.0845 m.

^ccr4 illus, 3 ref

012423   Chidanandaiah;Keshri R C (LPT Div, FVSc & AH, SKUAST - J, RS Pura, Jammu-181 102) : Bengal gram and rice flour in batter mix on quality of enrobed buffalo meat patties. Indian vet J 2006, 83(10), 1092-5.

Incorporation of rice flour alone or in combination with bengal gram flour decreased the coating pick up, cooked yield, moisture content, pH and protein and increased ether extract and shear press value of the product. It decreased the score of appearance and colour, juiceness, texture, flavour and overall payability with improved crispness and adherence of the product when compared to bengal gram flour enrobed product.

2 tables, 8 ref

012422   Aksoy A R;Saatci M;Kirmizibayrak T;Kaya I (Department of Animal Science, Veterinary Faculty, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey) : Effect of grazing period of carcass traits in zavot cattle. Indian vet J 2006, 83(10), 1090-1.

Fidns the the effects of grazing period before indoor fattening on slaughter and carcass characteristics in Zavot male cattle. According to obtained results, it was concluded that grazing period before the indoor fattening had significant effect on the some carcass parameters in Zavot male cattle. It might be suggested that 105 days grazing before the indoor fattening was more suitable for Zavot male cattle in order to have leaner carcass in an economical way.

1 table, 4 ref

012421   Admas S (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore) : Energy landscapes for mobile ions in ion conducting solids. Bull Mater Sci 2006, 29(6), 587-93.

Structure property function relationships provide valuable guidelines in the systematic development of advanced functional materials with tailored properties. It is demonstrated that an augmented bond valence approach can be effectively used to establish such relationships for solid electrolytes. A bond valence analysis of local structure models for disordered systems or interfaces based on reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) fits or molecular dynamics (MD) simulations yields quantitative predictions of the ion transport characteristics. As demonstrated here for a range of metaphosphate and diborate glasses, the complete description of the energy landscape for mobile ions also provides an effective tool for achieving a more detailed understanding, of ion transport in glasses. The investigation of time evolutions can be included, if the bond valence analysis is based on MD trajectories. In principle, this allows quantifying the time and temperature dependence of pathway cha-racteristics, provided that a suitable empirical force-field is available. For the example of LiPO₃, the remaining differences between simulated and experimental structures are investigated and a compensation method is discussed.

3 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

013501   Verma R;Kalia M;Sharma H R (College of Home Science, CSK H.P. Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062) : Effect of method of preparation and storage on the chemical characteristics of peel candy of darunj (Citrus medica). J Dairying Fd Home Sci 2006, 25(2), 113-16.

Citrus peel candy was prepared by utilizing peel of Darunj (Citrus medica) following slow and fast set methods of preparation. The prepared product was wrapped in wax paper and stored at room temperature for 18 weeks. The effect of method of preparation as well as storage intervals was evaluated. From the results of the study it was inferred that both the method of preparation as well as storage intervals had a significant effect on the chemical parameters like moisture, acidity, sugars, ascorbic acid and energy values.

2 tables, 10 ref

013500   Varsha;Grewal R B (Centre of Food Science & Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Development of nutritious macroni with the supplementation of lentil (Lens culinaris medikus) Flour. J Dairying Fd Home Sci 2006, 25(2), 109-12.

Macroni, a pasta product is gaining popularity among the age group between preschoolers to adolescents. Macroni were prepared with the supplementation of 5,10 and 15 per cent lentil flour. as lentil is recognized as a valuable nutritious pulse. The protein content of lentil is comparable with that of mungbean; higher than chickpea and more than double to that of wheat. Lentils are also rich in iron and other important minerals. Macroni prepared using standard formulation (control) and supplemented with lentil flour were evaluated for sensory attributes using 9-point hedonic scale. All acceptable macroni's were evaluated for their nutritional composition. The mean scores for colour, appearance, flavour, texture, tastes arid overall acceptability of the macroni prepared using 10 per cent lentil flour was the highest and was adjudged "liked moderately" by the judges. Macroni prepared with 15 per cent lentil flour contained 1O.80g protein, 12.35g total dietary fibre 53.90mg calcium, 5.60mg iron, 3.47mg zinc per lOOg. on dry matter basis. The macroni supplemented with lentil flour had significantly higher protein, total soluble sugars, total dietary fibre, and calcium, iron and zinc content but lower fat than that of control. The results indicate that lentil can be incorporated in macroni formulation for improving the nutritional value of product. Consumption of such product may be beneficial for improving the nutritional status of population particularly pre-school children and adolescents in developing countries.

3 tables, 18 ref

013499   Sinha B;Sarkar P K;Rpy S N;Bandyopadhyay S (Lipid Sci & Technol Div, IICT, Hyderabad, Email: snroy@cgcri.res.in) : Yeast separation by ceramic membrane and flux recovery after chemical cleaning. Indian chem Engr 2006, 48(1), 49-53.

The study aims at understanding the role of process parameters on the separation of yeast cells using indigenously developed ceramic membranes and flux recovery after chemical cleaning. A tubular ceramic membrane developed at Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute was used to study the performance of yeast separation under cross flow microfiltration condition using a setup consisting of a cdentrifugal pump (1/2 HP, 50 LPH capacity), feed tank of 100 litre capacity with provision for by-pass in the discharge line for controlling the feed flow rate. Clean water permeability was determined with different pressure varying in th erange of 0.6 to 2.6 bar. To compare the effect of pressure on flux, experiments were carried out using dilute solutions containig 0.02-0.1% w/v Baker's yeast. Thereafter, the effect of cross flow velocity on flux was studied at a particular concentration under constant pressure. In order to have an idea regarding the separation efficiency of the membrane, microbiological analysis was carried out using Luria Agar plates containing ampicillin to determine the number of yeast cells present in the feed and permeate samples. An attempt was also made to work out cleaning strategies of yeast fouled membranes using commercial cleaning chemicals, like sodium hypochlorite, lodophor, extran, and nitric acid. After chemical cleaning of fouled membranes, clean water permeability was again determined to study the flux recovery.

7 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

013498   Sharma A K;Sharma R K;Kasana H S (Computer Centre, National Dairy Reserch Inst, Karnal-132 001, Email: adesh_ndri@rediffmail.com) : Computational aspects of neural networks and dairy applications. Indian Dairyman 2006, 58(5), 49-56.

Recently, some efforts have been made by the authors for the first time in the country to design and develop apposite neural network models for predictions in dairy production using Indian livestock datasets. There is an urgent need to further explore the application potential of such an emerging soft computing paradigm in the different areas of dairying.

2 illus, 25 ref

013497   Sankar S;Kalaignan G P;Vasudevan T;Selbvaraj M (Industrial Chem Dep, Alagappa Univ, Karaolido, India, Email: sankar_sun@yahoo.com) : Ceramic pigments containing IPN based on silicone/CNSL-S. Paintindia 2006, 56(2), 49-54.

Nano-technology involves the manipulation of materials at a molecular level in order to make new materials with superior properties. The development of nano-materials, a category of nano-technology, has potential for applications in a number of local industries. After few years of research work, an innovative new clear IPN (Interpenetrating Polymer Network) based on CNSL-S and silicone resin binder is developed and by using ceramic pigments as nano-particles for high temperature surroundings. Ground breaking nano technology ensures that the new product is substantially more impact resistance and good glossy with very good scratch resistance as conventional heat resistant coatings. The developed coatings provided long term benefits to the ferrous metal in the corrosive as well as high temperature environments. The XRD and TGA/DTA analysis were used to find out the thermal behaviour of the coatings. The EIS studies were carried out to ensure that the coating life lasted for a longer time.

5 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref

013496   Roy R;Chowdhury R;Bhattacharya P; (Chem Engng Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032, Email: pinaki_che@yahoo.com) : Biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons using monoculture consortium - a bioprocess engineering study. Indian chem Engr 2006, 48(1), 25-31.

Bioprocess engineering study of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) degradation, using specific monoculture, has been reported. A simulated mixture of either anthracene or naphthalene in methanol solution has been used as substrate. Initially specific microorganism, capable of biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, has been isolated from soil of petrol stations and its monoculture has been prepared. Standard biochemical and microbiological tests have been conducted mainly for the identification of the genus of the isolated microorganism. In order to establish the bioprocess engineering behaviour of PAH degradation, batch mode fermentative process has been conducted under controlled conditions. Concentration time history curves of both cell growth and substrate decay indicate that the classical substrate uninhibited Monod equation can conveniently be used to predict bioprocess engineering behaviour of both naphthalene and anthracene degradation. Later, using differential analysis technique, the intrinsic kinetic parameters, relevant to the Monod equation, have been evaluated.

4 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

013495   Roy N;Ray L;Chattopadhyay P (Food Technology and Biochemical Engng Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032, Email: pchattopadhyayftju@yahoo.com) : Lipid hydrolysis in a continuous packed bed bioreactor using immobilized lipase. Indian chem Engr 2006, 48(1), 32-4.

Extracellular Corynebacterium sp. lipase, immobilzed in calcium alginate gel matrix, was used in a laboratory scale continuous flow packed bed bioreacter for lipid hydrolysis. Maximum substrate conversion (46.98%) was observed at 7 hr using 25% olive oil emulsion when dilution rate and immoblized bed height were 4.99 hr<6>-1 & 8.5 cam respectively.

1 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

013494   Raval D A;Shah A (Sarvoday Kelavni Samaj, , Kalawad Road, Rajkot, Email: archanashah_sanjayshah@yahoo.co.in) : eJathropha oil based polyurethane binder for industrial coatings. Paintindia 2006, 56(3), 77-8,80,82,84,8.

Jathropha oil was first converted into N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Jathropha fatty amide (HEJFA) by condensation of jathropha oil with diethanolamine using zinc oxide as a catalyst. Different amount sof HEJFA was reacted with phthalic anhydride to obtain two different types of jathropha polyesteramides (JPEAs). JPEAs, were then reacted with an aromatic diisocynate compound in varying NCO/OH ratios to prepare a series of urethane polyesteramide (UJPEAs). The mechanical and chemical properties of air dried and baked films of UJPEAs were studied. Comparison of these properties for different resins reveals that properly formulated resin films exhibit satisfactory performance for their use as binders for industrial maintenance coatings.

3 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

013493   Rathnakumar K;Sangeetha S;Indira Jasmine G; Velayutham P (Fish Processing Technology Dep, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi-628 008) : Development of tamarind flavoured pickle from threadfin bream (Nemipterus bleekari) fish fillet. Indian J Nutr Diet 2006, 43(9), 385-91.

Threadfin bream (Nemipterus bleekari) fish fillet was used to prepare tamarind flavoured fish pickle and storage behaviour of pickle was assesed for 120 days. Biochemical parameters like, TMA-N, TVB-N, pH, titratable acidity and salt were examined. Total plate count and lactobacillus counts were studied. Sensory parameters such as appearance, flavour, taste and overall acceptability were recorded. Tamarind flavour was found to be biochemically safe and organoleptically acceptable at the end of 120 days of storage.

5 tables, 19 ref

013492   Pradhan N S (NO, , , Email: p_ashish2000@yahoo.com) : Paints for ships. Paintindia 2006, 56(5), 91-6.

1 illus, 2 tables

013491   Naik S;Ramachandra M;Rajashekharappa K S; Tulasidas T N;Murali K;Mallesha B C (Agricultural Engineering Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, GKCK, Bangalore-560 065) : Drying of oyster mushroom Pleurotus florida in different dryers. J Dairying Fd Home Sci 2006, 25(2), 79-86.

To optimize the drying method for drying of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) three different drying methods were followed viz., Solar cabinet, microwave-oven and cabinet tray drying methods. The experiments were carried out at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore. The rehydration ratio and sensory evaluation scores were used as criteria for evaluating the product quality. The results revealed that, cabinet tray dried (at 60°C and 1%KMS pretreatment) mushroom samples were found to be good. The KMS treated samples had highest rehydration ratio and sensory evaluation scores as compared to the control (untreated) and balanced samples.

6 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

013490   Mulmuley G V;Pande S P;Ghosh T K (NO, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440 020) : Citrus processing waste : generation, disposal and scope of utilization for value added products. J Indian Ass Envir Mgmt 2006, 33(1), 57-61.

Citrus fruits, comprising of oranges, mosombi and limes are the important cash crops of India. These are processed for a number of products, during which large amount of solid wastes are generated. Usually the waste is disposed off in adjoining areas causing pollution in the region. A case study of an orange processing industry was undertaken to obtain first hand information on solid waste generated at various stages of processing. Overall the solid waste, which is rich in moisture, organic matter and minerals, is generated to the tune of 49-65 percent of the raw materials. There are a number of technologies/ processes available for the production of value added products using citrus wastes. The scope of utilizing the waste for the production of value added products using the available appropriate technologies has been delineated.

1 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

013489   Mehra N (Kamsons Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Plot No. A-726, T.T.C. Industrial Area, Vi, , ) : Water-based PUDs (Polyurethane dispersions). Paintindia 2006, 56(2), 81-5.

2 illus

013488   Kumarvelan N;Obireddy A (Dep of LPM, TANUVAS, Chennai-600 007, Email: natakumar@yahoo.com) : Tharparkars in Tamil Nadu - a case study. Indian Dairyman 2006, 58(5), 63.

Tharparkar breed is spread over Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and Kutch districts, pure specimens are rare and breed also is considered threatened for various reasons. Most of the good specimens remained in Pakistan and the customary seasonal migration across the border slowed down.

013487   Kulkarni H J;Gogte B B (Oil and Plant Technology Dep, Laxminarayan Inst of Technology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur U, Nagpur-440 033) : Universal paint stainers based on malenized rice bran oil. Paintindia 2006, 56(2), 75-80.

Novel base from malenized rice bran oil for paint stainers has been synthesized. The composition, cooking schedule and properties of malenized rice bran oil has been standardized. Novel catalyst sodium bisulphite and sodium bisulphate have been developed for malenization of oils. The malenized rice bran oil has been converted into an emulsion by using ammonia as neutralizing agent and additives like lecigthin; tween 20 and ammonium acrylate have been used. This emulsion paste has been used as a base for formulaton of stainers. The stainers were prepared in a laboratory pot mill. Three stainers viz yellow, red and blue have been prepared. they have been analyzed for their physico chemical and film properties. They have been compared with commercial samples available in the market. Sample have reasonable intake of organic solvents and water. They are used in commercial white paint to the extent of ten percent. Stainers do not adverselty affect the physico chemical and film properties of white commercial enamel paint. The price of malenized rice bran oil emulsion is techno commercially viable propositions. The synthesisi of malenized oil is a simple, controllable and commercially viable proposition.

6 tables, 5 ref

013486   Karandikar V C (NO, Asian Paints (India) Limited, L.B.S Marg, Bhandup, Mumbai-400 078) : Hybrid polymers for high performance coatings. Paintindia 2006, 56(2), 55-74.

Hybrid polymers are novel type of polymemrs for paint and the coating industry. This is one of the initial technologies, which is now coming in to focus due to advantages it is offering. Hybrid is a mixture of the different type of the polymers, which on in-situ mixing gives polymer with altogether different properties of the final polymer as compared to parent polymers. Acrylic-alkyd hybrid which have better drying properties was described. In the hybrid polymers the associative interaction like hydrogen bonding have the incremental effect in improving the property. Interpenetrating polymer network is also one type of hybrid polymmer where there is no chemical interaction between the polymers. Different type of the IPN's and resin modification was discussed. Anew promising non-isocynate hybrid coating which give excellent hydrolytic stability was investigated. Inorganic modification of epoxy, polyester, oil, improves thermal, mechanical and corrosion resistance properties were discussed. Finally use of the hybrid polymer for powder coating was explored.

9 illus, 25 ref

013485   Jain S C (NO, , E 5/3 Sunder Milan, Sunder Nagar, S.V. Road, Malad, Mumbai-400 064) : Light stabilizers. Paintindia 2006, 56(5), 83-90.

4 illus

013484   Ghosh D;Ghatak P K (Dairy Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Dairy Technology, W.B.Uni. of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur Campus-741 252) : Comparative study on the quality of market and laboratory made Jalbhara. J Dairying Fd Home Sci 2006, 25(2), 139-41.

A study was conducted to assess the quality of Jalbhara available at different sweetshops in Kolkata and its adjoining areas. Chemical, microbiological, rheological and sensory attributes of market (thirty samples) and laboratory made Jalbhara were determined. Market samples showed wide variations in chemical, microbiological, rheological and sensory quality. Overall quality of laboratory made Jalbhara was superior to that collected from market.

4 tables, 8 ref

013483   Gangotri L T;Lad S A (Surface Coating Technology Dep, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, RSTM, Nagpur Univ, Nagpur-440 033) : Hot melt thermoplastic road marking paint using rosin modified lac. Paintindia 2006, 56(3), 59-60,62-3.

Three compositions of Hot Melt Thermoplastic Road Marking Paint have been prepared using rosin modified lac resin with 25%, 30%, and 35% binder content. The hot melt thermoplastic road marking paints were evaluated for their properties like softening point, luminance factor, cracking resistance, flow resistance, drying time and resistance to water, salt water and lubricating oil. The properties obtained were found to have within the limits of M.O.S.T. specifictions meant for hot melt thermoplastic road marking paints.

5 tables, 10 ref

013482   Fresno M R;Alvarez S;Rodriguez V;Castro N; Arguello A (NO, Canary Agronomic Science Institute, Apdo. 60, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, Email: aarguello@dpat.ulpgc.es) : Evaluation of the effect of rennet type on the texture and colour of goats cheese. J appl Anim Res 2006, 30(2), 157-60.

Goat milk cheese was made using natural rennet paste from kid's abomasum using the traditional method used for Palmero AOC Cheese and commercial rennet (50% quimosin, 50% pepsin). Changes in composition, colour and texture were evaluated in fresh (6d ripening), semi-hard (40d ripening) and hard cheeses (70d ripening) that were made according to the specifications of AOC Regulatory Board. Cheese made with natural paste were harder, more elastic, breakable and darker than those made with commercial rennet.

1 table, 11 ref

013481   Dhanwade S S;Santakke A T;Padghan P V;Chauhan D S;Deshmuh M S (Animal Husbandary and Dairy Science Dep, Marthawada Agricultur Univ, Parbhani-431 402) : Blending of safflower milk with buffalo milk for preparation of Kalakand. J Dairying Fd Home Sci 2006, 25(2), 145-8.

Safflower milk was blended with buffalo milk in different proportion viz To-lOO per cent buffalo milk (BM), T,-70(BM): 30 (SM), T₂60(BM) :40 (SM) and T,-50 (BM) :50 (SM) were evaluated with respect to its sensory qualities, chemical composittpn and cost of production. The average chemical composition of kalakand prepared from different blends values ranged from 76.20,72.60,71.20 and 70.00 for total solids, 23.80,27.40,28.80 and 30.00 for moisture, 21.00,20.10.19.65 and 19.20 for fat and 15.00, 14.10, 13.75 and 13.30 for protein. The acceptability of products secure from 8.65,7.75,7.35 and 6.66 for 9 hedonic scale, respectively. All properties should decrease in the average value with increase in proportion of safflower in blends. The cost in for I kg kalakand from buffalo milk was higher i.e. 68.50 as compare to acceptable blends T₂ Rs. 53.72.

2 tables, 14 ref

013480   Chaudhuri A R (Berger Paints India Ltd, , Howrah-711 103) : Can ICPs substitute chromates in anticorrosive coatings. Paintindia 2006, 56(5), 59-78.

Chromate surface treatments and chromate-containing epoxy primers are often used for corrosion control of aluminum alloys. However, due to environmental concerns and adverse health effects surrounding such use of chromates, there is an intensive effort to find suitable replacements for chromate-based coating. Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) continue to be of considerable interest as components of corrosion-resistant coating systems. ICPs, in addition to being conductive, are redix active materials, with potentials that are positive of iron and aluminum. Thus, as with chromate, interesting and potentially beneficial interactions of ICPs with active metal alloys are reviewed.

11 illus, 9 ref

013479   Changade S P;Tambat R V;Kanoje R R (NO, College of Dairy Technology, Warud, (Pusad)-445 204) : Ghee making from high acidic milk-I. J Dairying Fd Home Sci 2006, 25(2), 97-100.

Creamery butter method of ghee making from high acid milk will be an ideal choice for ghee preparation. Use 67 high acidic milk recorded highest recovery of 94.10 per cent with buffalo milk. Maximum fat losses were in Desi method (18.4%) followed by direct boiling of unripened cream (14.30%). Average total sensory score was 82.0 and 84.12 for cow and buffalo ghee respectively. Desi method was judged as the best method from textural point of view.

2 tables, 13 ref

013478   Budan D A;Prashantha;Pai A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, UBDT Coll of Engineering, Devanagere-577 004, Email: abdul_budan@radiffmail.com) : Optimization of process parameters for high temperature brazing of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy - a factorial design approach. Indian chem Engr 2006, 48(1), 3-9.

High temperature brazing was performed by using Ti-Cu-Ni filler material on the aero-gas turbine components made of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) at different combinations of process parameters. The work performs a study of the effects of brazing parameters on the mechanical properties of brazed joints. Control of brazing parameter is essential for meeting the quality standards of brazed joints. Brazing parameters and their interrelated effects have significant influence on mechanical properties of the brazed joints. Therefore, a simultaneous optimization of all process parameters is essential. Highlights the statistical techniques developed for simultaneous optimization with the criterion on maximum strength using the concept of response joint methodology and desirability functions. Also the study establishes the empirical relationship for the prediction of tensile strength, shear strength and yield strength on brazing of Ti-6Al-4V and illustrates with a study in which optimized brazing parameters control the response variables.

7 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

013477   Bruce A E R;Sai P S T;Krishnaiah K (Chemical Engng Dep, Indian Inst of Technol, Madras, Chennai-600 036, Email: psts@iitm.ac.in) : Bed expansion in a turbulent bed contactor. Indian chem Engr 2006, 48(1), 18-24.

Experimental investigations and development of correlations for bed expansion and prediction of flow regimes using bed expansion data. The hydrodynamic data are collected to quantify the bed expansion for four modes of operation, viz., Type I with and without downcomer and Type II with and without downcomer. In all the four modes of operations the measured bed height increases with the increase in either gas or liquid velocity and decreases with increase in either static bed height or free open area of the supporting grid. Based on the experimental data, correlations are proposed to predict the bed expansion.

6 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

013476   Bouvy A (Technical Sales Representative Inc & SNC, Belgium, , , Email: alainbouvy@michelmaninc.com) : Pefformance additives. Paintindia 2006, 56(3), 87-8,90,92,94,9.

Among the plethora of additives available to-day, waxes have a significant impact of many formulations or processes. Even if used in relatively small aquantities - typically below 3% solids content of the total composition - waxes impart or improve effects such as slip and lubrication, abrasion resistance, anti-blocking, matting, water repellency, all critical properties in the paint, coating and ink arenas. Hence, waxes are often classified as Surface Conditioner Additives. Reviews the major wax families and their effects in formulations.

1 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref

013475   Bo X;Jiaming S;Jiachun W;Zhongcal Y;Jiayin W; Jiwei X (NO, Institute of Electronic Engineering, Hefei-230 037, People's Republic of China) : Measurement of infrared transmissivity of smoke using a thermal imager. Def Sci J 2006, 56(5), 785-90.

Smoke is an effective camouflage method and is widely used in the modern battlefields. The smoke chamber test is used quantitatively to extinct the energies of the smoke material. In the smoke chamber test, a key problem is to accurately measure the transmissivity of the smoke. In this paper, the relationship between the temperatures measured and the radiation received by the thermal imager has been disussed. The equation to accurately calculate the infrared transmissivity of the smoke from the measured temperature is deduced. This equation is also compared with the simplified one.

8 illus, 5 ref

013474   Berman S;Pradhan N C;Basu J K (Chemical Engineering Dep, Indian Inst of Technol, Kharagpur-721 302) : Kinetics of alkylation of benzene with ethyl alcohol catalyzed by Ce-exchanged NaX zeolite. Indian chem Engr 2006, 48(1), 10-7.

Alkylation of benzene with ethyl alcohol was carried out over cerium exchanged NaX zeolite in a fixed bed flow reactor. The catalytic activity of the modified zeolite was found to increase with the increase in cerium content in the crystal lattice. Experiments were carried out to find out a mass transfer resistance free zone by varying different parameters. Kinetic runs were taken in the mass transfer resistance free zone at a constant benzene to ethyl alcohol molar ratio of 3:1 by varying the space-time under isothermal conditions in the reactor. Different models based on langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson reaction mechanism were proposed and a mathematical fit for the best model was found. The model parameters were estimated by nonlinear regression analysis. From the estimated kinetic constant, the activation energy of the reaction was determined to be 56 kJ/mol.

8 illus, 5 tables, 26 ref

013473   Bapat A P;Wankhede T B (Asian Paints Ltd., , L.B.S. Marg, Bhandup(W), Mumbai-400 078) : Electrically conductive polymers (ECPs) - The new weapon to combat corrosion. Paintindia 2006, 56(3), 65-6,68,70,72,7.

Worldwide there is an intensive effort underway to develop new corrosion control coatings for structural metals. Electrically Conductive Polymers (ECPs) represent a class of interesting material currently being explored for corrosion control coating systems, possibly as a replacement for hexavalent chromium-Cr-(IV) based coatings. Interesting and potentially beneficial interactions of ECPs with active metal alloys such as steel and aluminium are anticipated with concomitant alteration of their corrosion behaviour. A review of this active research area is being presented. A general introduction to metallic corrosion and its control by traditional methods and with ECPs is presented, including introduction to ECPs and their properties. A special discussion on Polyaniline (PAni) which is perhaps the most extensovely studied ECP, with respect to its properties and processing issues surrounding its use in coatings has been done. Finally the various proposed mechanisms of corrosion control by ECPs (especially Polyaniline) are discussed.

10 illus, 23 ref

013472   Bandyopadhyay M;Mukherjee R S;Chakraborty R; Raychaudhuri U (Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032, Email: rinamahuya@yahoo.com) : Survey on formulations and process techniques of some special Indian traditional sweets and herbal sweets. Indian Dairyman 2006, 58(5), 23-35.

Attempt has been taken to correlate the various process parameters with formulation technique to develop the herbal sweet products, based on traditional knowledge. Temperature, presence of moisture or water, concentration of the initial ingredients, degree of agitation or mixing, interaction with acids, cooking conditions, reaction time or duration of the process etc. have been identified to influence the physico-chemical and sensory qualities of the product.

4 tables, 11 ref

013471   Bajpai M;Shukla V;Habib F;Bajpai P (Oil and Paint Technology Dep, Harcourt Butler Technological Inst (H.B.T.I), Nawabganj, Kanpur-208 002, Email: madhubajpai_6@rediffmail.com) : Study on liquid aromatic amine-aldehyde condensates as curing agent for epoxy adhesive. Paintindia 2006, 56(5), 79-82.

Aniline-formaldehyde resins may be considered as aromatic polyamines, analogues to aliphatic polyamine curing agents. Aniline-Formaldehyde resins has been synthesized by reaction of aniline and formaldehyde in strongly acidic medium. They provide superior solvent, heat and chemical resistance to those obtained with aliphatic polyamines. The hardener also provide improved electrical properties which are virtually independent of temperature upto 200°C.

4 tables, 6 ref

013470   Amna T;Khajuria R K;Puri S C;Verma V;Qazi G N (Regional Research Laboratory, , Canal Road, Jammu-180 001) : Determination and quantification of camptothecin in an enophytic fungus by liquid chromatography-positive mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Curr Sci 2006, 91(2), 208-12.

Describes the detection of Camp-tothecin (CPT) in an endophytic fungus and application of gradient reverse phase HPLC method with diode array and MS/MS detection for quantification of the said compound. The extract of fungus Entrophospora in-frequens isolated from the inner bark of Nothapodytes foetida plant was chromatographed on a Merck (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column, maintained at 30°C, and analysed by positive mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry on a mass spectrometer in a single reaction monitoring system. The mobile phase consisted of a linear gradient of water, acetonitrile from 10 to 98% in 35 min. The quantity of CPT in the extract was estimated on the basis of linear calibration curves obtained in the concentration range of 5 to 50 ng with standard CPT. Fungus grown under surface culture method accumulated 40 mg CPT/kg dry cell mass, which is far lower than that present in the plant source from where the organism was isolated. This report on the accumulation of CPT in a fungus may be a starting point for improving the productivity of CPT in this isolate.

^ssc6 illus, 25 ref

011309   Yadav H;Jain S;Sinha P R (Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001) : Preparation on low fat probiotic dahi. J Dairying Fd Home Sci 2005, 24(3-4), 172-7.

Two types of probiotic dahi named; Dahi I inoculated with Lactobacillus casei 19 and mixed dahi culture 167, and Dahi II inoculated with Lactobacillus acidophilus 14, Lactobacillus casei 19 and Lactococcus lactis ssp biovar diacetyllactis 60 of 1-4% of milk fat were prepared. The pH and titratable acidity were acceptable of all combinations. Dahi of 4 to 2.5% fat exhibited firm body and texture, and well set appearance. The lactococci and lactobacilli counts varied with the fat percentage of dahi. Sensory panellist's score decreased with fat percentage but all the dahi samples with 4-2.5% fat were palatably acceptable.

1 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

011308   Nasirullah;Babu Latha R;Hemavathy J;Jeyarani T (Lipid Science and Traditional Foods, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 020, Email: lipid@cscftri.rem.nic.in) : Development of health oil blends and their stability against heat deterioration during frying. J Lipid Sci Technol 2006, 38(2), 59-65.

Four health oil frying blends, constituting 60% sunflower (FOB-1), groundnut (FOB-II), mustard (FOB-III) and palmolein (FOB-IV) as base oils and ricebran, sesame oils, 20% each, have been mixed homogenized and stabilized. A medium moisture product like potato bajji have been deep fried in these blends at 180-190°C where frying time have increased stepwise totally to 60, 120 and 180 minutes, 60 minutes per cycle, with gap of seven days each. Three sets of samples i.e. frying and oil absorbed by the products were used to determine primary and secondary oxidation products, generated due to thermal and autoxidation, and fatty acid composition to assess the extent of damage caused to PUFA. Glyceride composition, two dimensional ascending thin layer chromatography and smoke points have also been determined for all these samples. Data reveals that FOB-I was least stable (PV, 0.9 to 29.0; FFA 0.32 to 0.81) and FOB-IV was most stable (PV, 0.9 to 12.1; FFA 0.32 to 0.37) against heat deterioration during frying. It has further been supported by gas-liquid chromatography column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography.

7 tables, 17 ref

011307   Mridula D;Tyagi S K;Wanjari O D (Food Grains and Oilseeds Processing Div, Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, PAU Campus, Ludhiana-141 004) : Effect of defatted mustard flour on quality of noodles. Indian J Nutr Diet 2006, 43(7), 305-11.

Attempt was made to prepare protein rich noodles by incorporating de-husked and defatted mustard flour. In general, as the proportion of mustard flour increased, diameter, L* value, breaking force, cooking time and water absorption (%) decreased. Incorporation of mustard flour affected the colour of noodles drastically that resulted in poor acceptability at higher level of mustard flour. Although the increased level of mustard flour increased the protein content significantly the meal can be added up to 10 per cent, with better acceptability at 5 per cent as indicated in sensory evaluation.

2 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref