018320   Agrahari P;Singh N (Human Development and Family Studies Dep, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Univ, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh, Email: bhu_ns@yahoo.co.in) : Anemia and non anemia status through biochemical estimation of Lucknow city. Asian J Home Sci 2014, 9(1), 166-8.

Anemia is a common health problem among girls throughout the world. However, there has been minimal research on girl's concepts of anemia. With the objective the present experiment was undertaken to assess the anemic and non-anemic status of study subjects girls. The cross sectional study was carried out in there of Lucknow city. The study was confined to the girls of age group 20-25 years. A total sample size 120 hostels girls were undertaken. The present study was conducted at girls hostel BBAU in Lucknow city. It included 120 girls who live in girl's hostel. The overall prevalence of anemia 45 (37.5%) anemic out of 120 girls. In this show that 1.91 per cent and 707 normal, of study subject were folic, Iron, vitamin and 1.82 per cent and 0.003 significance of study subject were never, Twice a week, once a week of subject was 29.3 per cent normal. Overall prevalence of anemia calculated as per WHO.

3 tables, 4 ref

017360   Singh U (Food and Nutrition Dep, Institute of Home Science, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi-284 128, Email: usuttarasingh@gmail.com) : Zinc in relation to type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J appl nat Sci 2014, 6(2), 898-903.

In type 1 diabetes, there is a lack of insulin production and in type 2, diabetes resistances to the effects of insulin are predominant. Both type 1 and type 2 have the same long-term complications. Diabetes effects zinc homeostasis in many ways, although it is most probably the hyperglycemia which is responsible for the increased urinary loss and decreases in total body zinc. The role of Zn deficiency exacerbates the cytokine-induced damage in the autoimmune attack which destroys the islet cell in type 1 diabetes, is unclear. Since Zn plays a clear role in the synthesis, storage and secretion of insulin as well as conformational integrity of insulin in the hexameric form, the decreased Zn, which affects the ability of the islet cell to produce and secrete insulin in type 2 diabetes. Oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction in diabetes may be related to increased intracellular oxidants and free radicals associated with decrease in intracellular Zn and in Zn dependent antioxidant enzymes. There appears to be a complex interrelationship between Zn and both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Zn plays a key role in the cellular antioxidative defense. Dysfunctional zinc signaling is associated with a number of chronic disease states including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes. Cellular homeostasis requires mechanisms that tightly control the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc. This is achieved through the coordinated actions of zinc transporters and metallothioneins.

017359   Ojha P;Kwatra S (Family Resource Management Dep, College of Home Science, G B Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), Email: ojha.pragya063@gmail.com) : Analysis of different paddy transplanting methods in Northern India: Ergo-economical study. J appl nat Sci 2014, 6(2), 654-8.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production constitutes the major economic activity and a key source of employment for the rural population of India. Manual transplanting of paddy in puddle field is a very tedious job and involves lot of fatigue and drudgery. To reduce the labour demand and time consumption, power operated transplanters are also available but the poor socio- economic conditions of Indian farmers restrict them to adopt modern technology. Keeping this in view, the present study was planned to compare the economic cost and the rate of human drudgery among female farm workers, during manual hand transplanting with the power operated eight- row paddy transplanter. For the ergonomical evaluation, twenty female subjects were selected in the age group of 20- 55 years. Physiological parameters like HR, energy expenditure, TCCW and PCW etc. were measured in different transplanting operations. The mean value of working heart rate was assessed to be maximum 138.32±7.67 beats/ min in manual hand transplanting and 110.12±5.79 beats/min in eight- row paddy transplanter. The energy expenditure rate was measured 18.40±0.95 kJ/min in local transplanting method and reduced to 15.17±1.68 kJ/min with paddy transplanter. TCCW was found to be 1965.5±63.66 beats for manual transplanting of paddy and 770.58±39.93 beats by the use of paddy transplanter whereas the PCW was calculated 227.98±22.17 in traditional method and 85.23±2.64 in improved method. The economic cost of mechanized transplanting was 47% less than conventional method.

016370   Verma A;Neerubala;Sheikh S;Shukla V (Foods and Nutrition Dep, Ethelind School of Home Science, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007) : Assessment of nutritional status of adolescent girls of Allahabad. Allahabad Fmr 2014, 70(1), 145-53.

Adolescence is generally considered to begin with puberty, the process that leads to sexual maturity ability to reproduce. The study carried out with the objectives to assess the nutritional status of the selected adolescent girls of Allahabad of Uttar Pradesh. An exploratory research design was adopted for the study, Allahabad Uttar Pradesh has been selected, purposively for research. Survey method was used for the collection of data. The sample size was 150 respondents comprising of 55 girls from Allahabad Intermediate college, 45 from AryaKanya Intermediate college, and 50 from Hindu Mahila Intermediate college .The survey schedule consist of the general profile, anthropometry in which height and weight were taken, dietary pattern by 24 hour recall methodand clinical assessment. Result shows that 33.33 percent of 14-15 years of adolescent girls and 20 percent of girls of 16-18 years were malnourished. 26.66 percent girls of 14-15 years were at risk of malnutrition and 13.33 percent girls of 16-18 years were at risk of malnutrition and only 4 percent girls of 14-15years and 2.66 percent girls of 16-18 years were at normal.

2 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

016369   Varshney S;Verma A;Neerubala (Food and Nutrition Dep, Ethelind School of Home Science, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007) : Preparation of nutritive flavored candy using pumpkin. Allahabad Fmr 2014, 70(1), 172-8.

Present research work was conducted with the objective to utilize pumpkin, orange, groundnut and soy flour in the preparation of flavored candy, to evaluate the organoleptic quality of the prepared candy and to calculate the nutritive value and cost of the prepared candy.Nutritional flavored candy was prepared by using three different treatments T1(pumpkin 60 percent, orange 20 percent, groundnut 15 percent, soy flour 5 percent), T2(pumpkin 50 percent, orange 30 percent, groundnut 15 percent, soy flour 5 percent) and T3(pumpkin 40 percent, orange 40 percent, groundnut 15 percent, soy flour 5 percent) with Orange/Mango/Pineapple essence were added to give variation in flavor to the prepared candy. Sensory evaluation of the prepared product was carried out using the nine point hedonic scale. Overall, treatment T3O scored highest in terms of color, flavor and taste and overall acceptability.

5 tables, 7 ref

016368   Tiwari A;Neeru Bala;Verma A;Shukla S (Foods & Nutrition Dep, Ethelind School of Home Science, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007) : Comparison of the nutritional status of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of Mid-day Meal programme in Chaka block, Allahabad District. Allahabad Fmr 2014, 70(1), 179-87.

Study pertaining to the "Comparison of the nutritional status of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of Mid-day Meal programme in Chaka block, Allahabad District "This was a cross-sectional study were was carried out with the following objectives- To assess the nutritional status of selected beneficiaries and non- beneficiaries of Mid- Day Meals, to compare the nutritional status of selected beneficiaries and non- beneficiaries of Mid-day meals. A total 120 school going children aged between 7-12 years were selected, out of which 60 respondents (26 boys and 34 girls) were from Group I (Mid-day Meal beneficiaries) and 60 respondents (31 boys and 29 girls) from Group II (Non-mid day meal beneficiaries). Based on the acceptability, 60 children from government school and 60 children from non-government school were selected for the study. Four Schools were selected purposively for the present study, two were Government primary schools namely Primary school of Mahewa Paschim Patti Allahabad, Primary school of Tignauta, Vikas Khand Chaka Allahabad, other two were Non- government schools namely Hindi Vidhyapith, Mahewa Allahabad, Madarsa Academy school, Gangotri Nagar Allahabad, because of easy accessibility and convenience for authentic collection of data. The anthropometric measurements of the respondents (height in cm and weight in kg) were recorded. Dietary intake was determined by 24 hours dietary recall method and the average nutrient intake was calculated by using the food consumption tables, and compared with RDA. (ICMR, 2004). To sum up all the observations it is concluded that Group I (Mid-day Meal beneficiaries), the mean daily intake of energy, protein, fat, calcium, iron, ??- carotene and Vitamin C were more than the RDA of both boys and girls, while in Group II (Non mid-day meal beneficiaries) regarding protein, fat and Vitamin C were lesser than the RDA of also both boys and girls. It is also observed from findings that in Group I average height and weight was better than the Group II. So it is concluded that the nutritional status of Mid-day Meal beneficiaries were better than the Non mid- day meal beneficiaries.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

016367   Swarn Lata;Parvez R (Family Resource Management Dep, Ethelind School of Home Science, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007) : Application of Anthropometry measurements in designing ergofriendly work station for the elderly. Allahabad Fmr 2014, 70(1), 161-71.

Ergonomic is a technology of measuring various human physical traits as size, mobility and strength. Anthropometric measures vary considerably with factors such as gender, race, ethnic group, occupation, physical fitness, secular growth, age and sex. It is a statically and dynamics measurements. A statically measurement is natural body measurements and dynamics measurements is a working position measurements. The present study focused on the use of anthropometric measurements in designing ergofriendly work station design for the elderly. Eighty elderly (M=40, F=40) participated in the study and their homes were visited for anthropometric measurements in sitting and standing positions and the work station were not found ergo friendly in relation to their body dimensions. They are aged between 60-65 years, 65-70 years and 70-75 years. Ergonomic have a very important role in anthropometric measurements and with the help of anthropometric measurements we can decide the right dimension for any type buildings and work areas. And with the ergo-friendly environment the elderly can improve to their quality of life.

5 illus, 5 tables, 5 ref

016366   Neerubala;Verma A;Sheikh S (Foods & Nutrition Dep, Ethelind School of Home Science, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007) : Nutritional profile of women of Trans Yamuna area Allahabad district. Allahabad Fmr 2014, 70(1), 137-44.

Study was conducted to assess the nutritional profile of women in Allahabad district of U.P. The majority of women (57.33%) belonged to joint families. The family size of 7-8 was on (30.67%) category and the least categories (16.67%)had smallest family members (4 only ). Out of 150 women studied, 64.99% were literate women. The daily intake of cereal was lower (250 g/day) as compared to the ICMR Standard value (446g/day). The consumption of cereals consumed constituted of wheat, rice and pearl millet with small amount of pulse consumption (35g/day) which is lower than RDA value. The consumption of leafy vegetables and Rooty vegetables were also megre (58g/day)against the RDA. Only 18% of the respondents consumed fruits daily. The consumption of milk was only 200g and that too in the form of tea the average calorie intake was less (1565.75 Kcal/ day) due to low consumption of cereals and on the basis of anthropometric measurement and prevalence of CED only 40% women belonged to the normal category which is below the average value.

6 tables, 5 ref

016365   Mishra N;Parvez R (Family Resource Management Dep, Halina School of Home Science, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007) : Comparative study on shelf life of grapes under different storage methods. Allahabad Fmr 2014, 70(1), 133-6.

Study was undertaken during the year 2009-2010 in Sam Higinn Bottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHIATS), Allahabad to find out suitable method for prolonging the shelf life of grapes. The duration of experiment was from the month of July to September, these months are hot and humid and this time shrinkage and fungal growth is very much susceptible to the fruits and vegetable which has high water content. Grapes were kept in viz. Open basket, Polyethylene bags, Refrigerator and Janta Cool Chamber for the study. Grape fruit recorded maximum shelf-life (19 days) in Refrigerator followed by Janta Cool Chamber (l0 days). However, grapes fruits kept in Polyethylene bags and open basket recorded the minimum shelf life (4 days).

1 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

016364   Mehtab A;Virginia P (Foods and Nutrition Dep, Ethelind School of Home Science, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007) : Preparation and standardization of herbal vegetable juice. Allahabad Fmr 2014, 70(1), 188-202.

Bottle gourd is an excellent vegetable for hypertensive patients. Vegetable juice is often mixed with fruits such as tomatoes or carrot to improve flavour. Juices are valuable in relief of hypertension, cardiovascular and kidney diseases and obesity. The bottle gourd fruit juice is used in the treatment of insanity, epilepsy and other nervous diseases, in treatment of acidity, indigestion and ulcers. Fiber helps in preventing constipation and other digestive disorders such as flatulence and piles. It also helps in overcoming jaundice and the juice is helpful in losing weight. Ginger, Aloe Vera and mint herbs were added separately in different product of vegetables juice namely Bottle gourd, Carrot, Tomato. And mixed of three herbs (Ginger, Aloe Vera and mint) were added in vegetable juice of Bottle gourd, Carrot, Tomato. The product was prepared by using standard drink. The higher proportion of herbal extract gives positive effective to the color of vegetable juice. Hence, most acceptable treatment was T₂ (10 % incorporation level of mint extract) for vegetable juice. In same way, vegetable juice T₂ (10% incorporation level of mixed extract) was the most acceptable. Vegetable juice was successfully prepared by using different kinds of herbs and flavour such as Ginger, Aloe Vera and Mint Chandel (2006). All experimental treatments was successfully acceptable on sensory parameter like colour, consistency and flavour sensory attributes with reference to overall acceptability was found in treatment. The nutritional content of vegetable juice in ginger extract Vitamin 'A' is the highest nutrient content where T₃ followed (1,047mg) and lowest T0 was (1,041mg). In nutrient content Aloe Vera extract with vegetable juice Vitamin A is the highest (1,045mg) in T₂ and only (1,041mg) in T₀. Similarly Vitamin 'A' is the highest content (1,203mg) in T₂ and lowest content (234mg) in T₃ in the nutrient mint extract of vegetable juice. In nutrient content mixed extracts of vegetable juice value of the Vitamin A content T₃ is highest (102mg) where T₂ was lowest (6 mg) Gopalan (2004). This is good for therapeutic purposes and can be included in the diets of people with various degenerative diseases as diabetes the hyperglycaemic compounds in vegetable juice. Vegetable juice is highly beneficial in lowering sugar levels in blood and urine and also promote, glucose tolerance and to control the levels of insulin. Hence it can be concluded that incorporated Herbal vegetable can be successfully in the prepared juice extract.

8 tables, 6 ref

016363   Dubey R P;Shakti;Gupta B;Sanam S (Foods and Nutrition Dep, Ethelind School of Home Science, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007) : Nutritional enrichment of Bengal gram flour based products with Rice-bran powder. Allahabad Fmr 2014, 70(1), 203-10.

Rice bran is the hard layer of grain and consists aleurone and pericarp. It is rich in protein, fat, starch, free sugar, B-vitamins and dietary fiber. Therefore rice bran has a tremendous potential for utilization as food by virtue of its nutritional quality. Gram commonly known as "chick pea" or Bengal gram is the most important pulse crop of India. Chick pea is mostly consumed in the form of processed whole seed (boiled, yeasted, fried, steamed, sprouted etc) or dal flour (besan). Gram is the good source of protein, carbohydrate and fat. Rice bran powder was incorporated into four recipes viz. chilla, chakli, pakori and laddoo using their standard recipes and methods of preparation. Rice bran was incorporated with Bengal gram flour at four different levels- T₁ (7.5% rice bran & 92.5% Bengal gram), T₂ (15% rice bran & 85% Bengal gram), T₃ (22.5 rice bran & 77.5% Bengal gram) and T₄ (30% rice bran & 70% Bengal gram). The products were subjected to organoleptic test by a panel of judges using the Nine-point Hedonic Scale and chemical analysis was done by standardized methods AOAC (1980). Cost was estimated on the basis of prevailing prices of raw materials purchased from the local market of Allahabad. Based on sensory scores, (in treatments) all the products were acceptable with T₁ having the maximum overall acceptability, for chilla, chakli, pakori and laddoo. The treatment control (T₀) was found to be more acceptable than T₁ based on sensory scores of all the products. So it was concluded from the results that the products formulated by incorporating rice bran at different levels were at par with control food products. Nutrient analysis of products showed an increase in energy, fat and fiber but decreased in carbohydrate. So it was concluded from the result that incorporation of 7.5% of rice bran powder can be suitable for product formulation.

4 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

016362   Anjali Kumari;Virginia P (Food and Nutrition Dep, Ethelind School of Home Science, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007) : Effect of cooking on mineral of spinach leaves influenced by cooked in five different metals and Teflon coated utensils. Allahabad Fmr 2014, 70(1), 129-32.

Effect cooking on palatability and mineral constituent of spinach cooked in five different metals utensils i.e. aluminum, brass, steel, iron, and teflon coated (non-stick) was studied. Estimation of calcium, phosphorous, iron and organoleptic characteristics (aroma, colour, appearance, texture and flavour) were also evaluated. It was observed from the above study that during cooking, the iron content of spinach increased while calcium and phosphorus decreased in all the five cooking utensils. The increase was highest (365.4 percent) in case of iron content of cooked spinach in iron utensil followed by brass (100 percent), nonstick (41.5 percent), aluminum (29.2 percent) and steel (61 percent). Meanwhile, minimum loss of calcium content was observed when cooked in aluminum utensils and that of phosphorus was found in aluminum and steel utensils.

2 tables, 4 ref

015382   Salim S S;Geetha R (NO, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, Email: shyam.icar@gmail.com) : Empowerment of fisherwomen in Kerala- an assessment. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(3), 73-80.

Investing in women capabilities and empowering them to exercise their choice is not only valuable itself but also the surest way to contribute to the economic growth and development (UNDP, 2008). The fisheries sector is an important source of livelihood for women. In India, about 25% t of women labour force is involved in pre-harvest activities, 35% in export marketing and 40% in internal marketing. The fisherwomen in Kerala play an important role in the fisheries sector in terms of their involvement in fishery related activities viz., fish vending, fish drying, prawn peeling, sorting, grading, fish packing, and net making. The study was focused on the empowerment status of fisherwomen in Kerala across the four occupational groups viz., fish retailer, fish vendor, dry fish makers, and value added fish producers. The specific objectives were to estimate the social, political and economic empowerment of fisherwomen involved in processing and marketing of fish and fishery products in Kerala. The study was based on the data collected from primary and secondary sources of selected coastal districts across the state. The different empowerment parameters like social, economic, legal and political were analysed with the help of scoring indices. The study revealed that highest level of gender discrimination faced by all the respondents across the four different occupational groups were in handling, transporting and storing bulk quantities of fish resources. The assessment of the empowerment indicated that the maximum empowerment was among the value added fish producers followed by retailers and least for the dry fish makers and vendors. The fisherwomen were politically empowered and less empowered legally. Overall, the results showed that, in Kerala, the fisherwomen were more politically empowered and also the composite fisherwomen empowerment index was high indicating better status of fisherwomen in former than in latter.

1 illus, 6 tables, 11 ref

015381   Adak K;Roy D (Home Science Dep, Calcutta Univ, 20B Judges Court Road, Kolkata-700 027, Email: kamala_di@yahoo.com) : Quantitative estimation of oxalate content of some common Indian spices and food items. Sci Cult 2014, 80(9-10), 298-9.

Quantitative estimation of anti-nutrient "Oxalate" from some Calcium-rich spices (cumin, coriander, turmeric powder, black pepper) and Pulses (soyabean, red kidney bean) has been made. The samples were collected from different localities in West Bengal. From the data obtained it has been observed that the oxalate content of spices are found to be above the normal level and that of the pulses are below the normal level.

2 tables, 8 ref

013393   Adhikari B;Mukherjee M;Bhowmick M K (NO, Rice Research Station (Government of West Bengal), Chinsurah (R.S.)-712 102, Hooghly, Email: adhikaribujan@gmail.com) : Feeding trial with High iron rice for alleviating iron deficient anemia. SATSA Mukhapatra 2014, 18, 138-41.

1 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

012420   Yadav S;Dunkwal V (Foods and Nutrition Dep, College of Home Science, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural Univ, Bikaner, Rajasthan) : Efficacy of iron rich biscuit on the haemoglobin status of school going girls. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 514-17.

The present study was carried out to develop an iron rich premix and its impact on haemoglobin (Hb) level of school going girls (n=50) of government Maharani Sr. Sec. School, Bikaner (Raj). Mean Hb of subjects were appeared to be 7.78 g/dl. Clinical investigation observed that 100 per cent subjects were suffering from anemia out of which 35 per cent of subjects were showing the signs of iron deficiency anemia like pale conjunctiva (46%) and pale nails (24%). The processed pearl millet flour, soybean flour, roasted Bengal gram flour, rice flakes powder, niger seed and lotus stem powder were incorporated to develop an iron rich premix. Later the biscuits were developed using these premix. An intervention was done for the subject in two groups i.e. experimental and control. Experimental group received iron rich biscuit with anola candy for 45 days and control group did not receive such supplementation. Intervention programme brought out the significant (P<60>0.05) mean increment in haemoglobin levels as 1.63g/dl in experimental group and nonsignificant increment noted for control group. Hence, the intervention was significantly effective for correcting iron deficiency anemia.

3 tables, 7 ref

012419   Wapnali Borah S (Family Resource Management Dep, College of Home Science, Central Agricultural Univ, Tura, Meghalaya, Email: swapnali70@yahoo.com) : Dehusking of paddy - a myth of hill women. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 436-9.

Hilly tribal women of Meghalaya are very far from technological advancement. They have to perform tedious, time and labour intensive work for their livelihood resulting in drudgery. The study was conducted to determine the physical exertion and musculo-skeletal problems perceived by hilly Garo tribal women of Meghalaya involved in dehusking activity to cater their family members. The sample included forty tribal women of West Garo Hill of Meghalaya within the age group of 21 - 50 yrs. having the average BMI of 20.12 which is in normal range. Rating of feeling of physical exertion and musculo-skeletal problems were studied by using Rating scales, and Weighted mean score was used to analyze the collected data. The study revealed that the perceived workload of the activity by the tribal women was very heavy and also they felt "severe to very severe" pain in upper and lower back, arms, finger, wrist etc. which are the high risk factor for musculo-skeletal problem in their later life.

4 tables, 7 ref

012418   Vastrad J V;Kotur R;Byadgi S A (All India Coordinated Research Project on Clothing and Textiles, College of Rural Home Science, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, Email: jyotivastrad@gmail.com) : Occupational related health problems of workers in ginning mill. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 657-66.

Cotton is one of the major cash crops grown in the country. India is the third largest producer of cotton after China and the United States. When cotton is harvested, it is transported to ginning mill for further process. A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibres, from their seeds. Ginning factories discharge large amounts of cotton dust, which leads to decreased pulmonary function in the exposed subjects. The present study was undertaken to study the occupational health hazards among the workers of ginning mill and to study the existing clothing practices of workers. The workers in ginning mill suffer from health problems like eye irritation, coughing, headache, hearing and breathing problems. All these health problems are caused due to inhalation of cotton fibres and dust in work place. In addition to these, hearing impairment among workers may be attributed to exposure of high level noise and also due to nonusage of any kind of functional clothing at work place. Hence, it is necessary to educate the workers regarding health hazards caused due to ginning operations. Further, there is a need to design and construct protective clothes for workers based on their needs and create awareness among the workers for usage of functional clothing.

4 illus, 3 tables, 2 ref

012417   Vanithasri J;Kanchana S (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, Home Science College and Research Institute (T.N.A.U.) Madurai, Tamil Nadu, Email: vanitsri@gmail.com) : Studies on the quality evaluation of idli prepared from Barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacaea). Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 373-8.

Barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) is one of the hardiest millet, which is called by several other names viz., kuthiraivali (T), shama (H), shamula (M), sawank (T) and sama (G). An investigation was undertaken to develop value added barnyard millet idlis. Standardization trials indicated that incorporation of barnyard millet at 30, 40 and 50 per cent could be incorporated in the standard recipe to yield acceptable idlis with low fat 0.88g per cent. Barnyard millet rice idlis were developed and its nutritionally superior than the control idlis. Wide variations in physico-chemical characteristics of the idlis were noted. Average value of volume, weight, pH, spreadability, specific gravity, diameter and width of barnyard millet rice idli ranged from 1.40ml, 2.91g, 1.03, 0.40cm, 1.25g/cm^{3, 7.2 cm and 2.6 cm, respectively. The protein (6.82g), fibre (4.64g), phosphorus (122.01 mg) and iron (4.05 mg) were comparatively better than control idli. The organoleptic qualities of idlis were analysed by panellists on a 9 point hedonic scale and found to be organoleptically good.}

1 illus, 6 tables, 17 ref

012416   Surekha N;Chimmad B V;Naik R S (Food and Nutrition Dep, College of Rural Home Science, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, Email: surekhan_1980@rediffmail.com) : Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic efficacy of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea link) based health food. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 383-7.

An investigation was planned to exploit the beneficial aspects of barnyard millet by fabricating a health food and to evaluate its clinical efficacy in terms of glycaemic and lipemic response in seven normal adult volunteers. Barnyard millet constituted the main ingredient (77%) and other ingredients such as black gram Dhal (4.6 %), dehydrated carrot (9.2%) were added either as a source of lysine, antioxidants, dietary fibre, hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterimic constituents, apart from enhancing sensory qualities. The developed health food had high protein (12%), dietary fibre (37%) and μ-carotene (36,703μg/100g) content. Fat and calorific contents of health food were low having 4.63 per cent and 282 Kcal/100g, respectively. The glycaemic index of health food was 59 with values ranging from 41-71 among the volunteers. The feeding intervention of 28 days revealed a reduction in body weight (2 %) besides changing blood lipids. Significant reduction in blood sugar (7%) was observed. Reduction in triglycerides (10 %), total cholesterol (8%), Low Density Lipoproteincholesterol (9%) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (9 %) and increase in High Density Lipoproteincholesterol (5%) were observed in experimental group. Reduction in the ratio of TC: HDL and LDL: HDL observed was 12 and 13 per cent, respectively. Thus, the formulated barnyard millet health food possessed hypoglycaemic and hypolipemic properties.

5 tables, 6 ref

012415   Subbulakshmi B;Amutha S (Foods and Nutrition Dep, Home Science College and Research, Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, Email: malayasubhu@gmail.com) : Quality protein maize for nutritional security. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 566-9.

Food insecurity and hunger affect over 900 million people globally each year with the most at-risk populations living in poor, underdeveloped and developing nations. More than 200 million of the world's children are hungry and at least 5 million die each year from nutrient-deficiency diseases. Maize (Zea mays) is a major cereal crop for human nutrition worldwide with its high content of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, some of the important vitamins and minerals. Maize acquired a well deserved reputation as a poor man's nutria- cereal. However, in spite of several important uses, maize has an inbuilt drawback of being deficient in two essential amino acids, viz., lysine and tryptophan and the same has been overcome by developing quality protein maize (QPM) which contains twice the quantity of lysine and tryptophan, thus, making it rich in quality of protein in maize. With this background an attempt has been made to process the maize into local south Indian foods in which nutrients are more readily available and optimally utilized. Quality protein maize (QPM) was substituted with different proportions in traditional foods (Idli, Dosa, Pittu and Adai), convenience foods (Papad and Noodles), bakery foods (Cookies and Bread) and snack foods (Vada and pakoda) which were organoleptically evaluated using 9 point hedonic scale. The entire products were scored maximum acceptability. This contributes food and nutritional security by meeting energy and protein needs of consumer. Value added products prepared from maize can help in increasing food availability, adding variety to it and make the diet rich in micronutrients with affordable price and helps to eradicate hunger and poverty.

1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

012414   Srivastava S;Kiran U V (NO, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Univ, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) : Assessment of body discomfort among gardeners. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 536-8.

Many body parts can be affected during work. The back is the most common, followed by the shoulders, neck, elbow, hands and wrists. The human body is an amazing machine. It can do a huge variety of difficult, complex and unique physical tasks. However, the human body is also limited in what it can do. Pains and strains/MSDs occur where the demands of the job exceed the capabilities of the person doing the job. Each person in a workplace is unique. The main aim of the present study is to assess the MSD related problem of the gardeners. This cross sectional research study was conducted on 120 sample inclusive 30 gardeners from each park by using multistage random sampling. Data were collected through interview method by using Nordic Musculo-skeletal Questionnaire (developed by Dickinson et al., 1992). The results showed that the large number of gardeners were literate. Consequently, they suffered from discomfort in different parts of their body specifically in leg, lower arms, upper arms, neck and shoulder, which mainly prevented them from continuing their work. It was concluded that MSD among the gardeners might be related to the stressful work, proper work-rest schedules and awareness programme may be helpful for reducing the MSD and proper handling of hand tools.

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

012413   Srivastava S (NO, NSCB Government P.G. College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Email: shivanisrivastava@yahoo.com) : Gender perception through participatory methods. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 530-2.

Gender aspect of rural life can be illustrated through learning from field experiences. It focuses of rural women and brings out different aspects of their life. The methodology applied is that of P.R.A. (Participatory Rural Appraisal) related to gender analysis and reflect various aspects such as expertise and role in selected activities, nature of work and daily routine, their deprivation through food discrimination and basic amenities.

2 illus, 5 ref

012412   Sinha N;Maya Kumari;Mehta B K;Chatterjee K (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sahibganj, Jharkhand) : Proximate principle adequacy of diet: a comparative study of children under ICDS in Patna block of Bihar. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 511-13.

The study focused on dietary intake pattern in terms of protein intake and calorie intake as well as their relationship with socio economic characteristics. The subjects of the study were 73 ICDS child beneficiaries from urban slums and 36 from rural areas. Findings of the study indicated that children of rural areas were slightly better in terms of protein intake whereas the two groups differed significantly in terms of calorie intake. All the variables selected in the study showed significant correlation either positively or negatively except sex of the child.

3 tables, 5 ref

012411   Sinha N;Maya Kumari;Mehta B K;Chatterjee K (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sahibganj, Jharkhand) : Gender analysis in agriculture production. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 469-71.

Women are not only reproductive agent of civilizations but also a strong living supporters of sustainable development of any society. Study shows that the contributions of women in the farm operation range between 36-40 per cent in general and 60-70 per cent of labour input is provided by them which increases up to 80 per cent in agriculture during the peak of season that is harvesting time. Gender issues are no more the complicated problem in today's world of science and technology as more labour saving devices, productivity increase and income contributing devices have come into existence to equip women more efficiently. Active participation in decision making process assists them in achieving more empowerment.

1 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

012410   Singh R;Singh A (NO, Sri Agrasen Kanya P.G. College, Parmanandpur, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Infant feeding practices in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 718-21.

The practices of breast feeding and weaning prevailing in the community play a crucial role in deciding the health of a child. The present community based cross sectional study was conducted to study the prevailing practices of infant feeding. Being a traditional with low literacy levelcommunity, the comparison of prevailing practices according to the religion, caste and education was made to target the group with Information, Education and Communication (IEC) activity to bring out favourable practices for proper growth and development of the children. The finding suggested that 6-12 months was the usual practice of breast feeding and caste and education of mothers were not associated with it. Time of imitating top feed was 5 months in majority and cow milk was the most preferred one by more than 80 per cent mothers; statistical significance was seen by caste but not with the education. Time of initiation of semi solid was also 5 months in majority and caste was seen to be statistically associated. Rice and dal were the commonly practiced in semi solid. Education of mother was seen to be in practice of commercial food like cerelac also.

12 tables, 4 ref

012409   Singh N;Sonkar S (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, College of Home Science, C.S.A. Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, Email: nandanisingh07@gmail.com) : To assess the nutritional awareness and develop the product along with self-care eductional booklet or pregnant woman. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 620-2.

Healthy eating is important at all stages of life, especially during pregnancy. A healthy diet before, during and after pregnancy improves maternal health and decreases the risk of pregnancy complications, birth defects and chronic disease in children in later adulthood. The present investigation was conducted to assess the nutritional awareness of the pregnant mothers and develop the self-educational booklet for them. In this research, questionnaire-cum-interview method was adopted for the collection of the data. The pregnant mothers were selected randomly. Most of the pregnant mothers were found unaware about nutrition aspects.

5 illus, 3 tables, 2 ref

012408   Singh N;Singh N (Human Development and Family Studies Dep, School for Home Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Univ, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Email: bhu_ns@yahoo.co.in) : Study of cognitive development and school difference in Lucknow city. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 544-6.

The purpose of this study was to differentiate between school performances on the basis of their cognitive capability in transition period. On developmental point of view cognitive development is intangible but theories and scale and well standards to find out the status, so, Cognitive development is much more than the addition of new facts and ideas to an existing store of information. School as an important factor in determining the level of performance on cognitive tasks. Objective of the study was to assess the cognitive development of private and government schools for the difference. This study was conducted on 120 adolescence (10-13 years) government and private school in Lucknow city. The duration of the study was 11 months (July2012 - May 2013). The approaches adopted for the study was multi-stage random sampling. The tools in the present study were predesigned and pretested questionnaire for family level to assess of cognitive development. In study area there are found the highly significant difference in combinatory thinking class inclusion time and motion conservation of area, conservation of weight and conservation of volume formulating hypothesis and testing hypothesis. Private school students have more cognitive capabilities compared to Government schools students.

1 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

012407   Singh K;Randhawa V (Home Science Extension and Communication Management Dep, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: khyatisingh.singh5@gmail.com) : Awareness regarding legal rights amongst working women in organized sector of Ludhiana district in Punjab. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 687-93.

The study was conducted to determine the level of awareness regarding prevailing legal rights amongst the working women employed in organized sector of Ludhiana district of Punjab. The sample examined 100 working women employees drawn from four a cross section of organizationsi.e. two each from both public and private sectors. Interview schedule and questionnaire techniques were used to collect the information regarding the legal rights of women. Findings revealed that working women in organized sector had low level of awareness towards legal rights in the domains of marriage, maintenance, property, dowry, divorce, EqualRemuneration Act and Maternity Benefit act. However, the lowest awareness level was observed in the domain of property and maintenance with the mean scores of 1.04 and 0.96, respectively. So, there is need to sensitize women regarding their legal rights which is the logical way to seek justice, safeguard their rights and promote their empowerment. It is important to make women realize their own capabilities and potential to boost their self-image and foster confidence in them to protect their rights.

8 tables, 8 ref

012406   Singh A;Singh V (Food and Nutrition Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab) : Anthropometric assessment and BMI index of obese children in Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 772-5.

5 tables, 4 ref

012405   Singh A;Pradeep Kumar (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, UNNAO, Uttar Pradesh) : Impact of family ecological factors on the nutritional status of school age children. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 735-8.

Malnutrition is found to be a wide spread problem in India irrespective of topographical description. While malnutrition affects the people of all ages, it is agreed that children in the world die of malnutrition and related diseases every day. Keeping in view the importance of nutritional status of school age children the present study was undertaken in Dhaura village of Hasnganj block of district Unnao (U.P.). In total 64 children aged 6-14 years were surveyed to assess the nutritional status. The result of the study revealed that as per Waterlow classification 48.44 per cent of the children studied were suffering from various grades of malnutrition. On the basis of MUAC, 45.31 per cent children were found malnourished. The nutritional status of children was found to be significantly correlated with different family ecological factors like education of mothers, monthly family income and dietary practices of the family.

8 tables, 2 ref

012404   Shukla S;Singal S;Sharma D K (Family Resource Management Dep, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar, Haryana) : Harnessing fuel-energy from biomass for drudgery reduction in rural households. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 754-8.

Household sector is one of the largest users of energy in India, accounting for about 30 per cent of total energy consumption, thereby, reflecting the importance of this sector in total national energy scenario. Nearly all rural households and one-third of urban households do not use clean cooking fuel. It is well documented that about 80 per cent of the energy used in rural areas for cooking is derived from biomass, dung cakes and firewood. Women spend 4 to 6 hours of their productive time in fetching biomass / fuel-wood for cooking and carry it as a head-load. Children are also involved in collection of fuel-wood in their school hours. Use of loose biomass as fuel for cooking is the major cause of indoor air pollution in developing countries as it is used in poorly functional wood-stoves. Combustion of biomass leads to high levels of health damaging pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde, benzene, aromatic hydro-carbons and many other toxic compounds. Exposure to smoke from burning of biomass fuel is responsible for several diseases such as acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis and asthma, low birth weight, and cataract and blindness, thereby, adversely affecting the health of women and children to a great extent. Therefore, in Indian households, energy problem is not only a problem of the scarcity of energy but also of inefficient combustion and related health problems. Briquetting and pelletizing is an appropriate technology for harnessing renewable fuel-energy from this huge stock of biomass. Conversion of biomass into pellets and burning it in improved pellet stoves can help to overcome the problem of inefficient combustion besides mitigating the health problems associated with smoke pollution. Improving access to this affordable, clean, smoke-free energy is critical for reducing women's drudgery and improving the quality of life in rural areas. This will ultimately result in maintaining sustainable health of the environment and the economy.

1 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

012403   Sharanbir Kaur;Sharma S (Family Resource Management Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: balsharanbir@yahoo.co.in) : Empowerment of women through different training programmes. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 671-5.

Women are the most neglected part of our society especially those who are residing in the rural areas. They have very passive role in the family decisions due to their low educational level. They work for 14-16 hours a day and have to perform all types of household, farm and allied activities. Their economic status is low because of unemployment in economic sector. Keeping in view the above facts, All India Coordinated Research Project on Home Science, FRM component under the objective "Empowerment of women through capacity building" was conducted intensive training programmes in three adopted villages of Ludhiana district to improve the knowledge of women for better living and to empower them for undertaking income generating projects so that they can contribute towards family income and improve the financial status of their families. Different training programmes were conducted to impart knowledge to total 105 participants (35 from each village). Further, impact analysis of the training programmes was done and the results showed that almost all the respondents gained full knowledge of all the aspects of training programmes. But most of them used the knowledge gained through different trainings for making articles to fulfill their household needs or to give these items to their friends and relatives. There were only few respondents who used the knowledge of candle making for earning money for their families.

7 tables, 3 ref

012402   Shail;Gupta K;Neeraj Kumar (Home Science Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: shailcoolpm@gmail.com) : To assess the knowledge about health and nutrition among late adolescent college girls in Varanasi district of U.P.. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 465-8.

Study was conduted to assess knowledge about health and Nutrition among late adolescent girls in Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh, India. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in urban colleges of Varanasi district from October 2010 to September 2011. Random sampling was used to select the requisite number of girls. A total no. of 100 college going late adolescent girls between 17 to 19 years of age were interviewed and anthropometric measurements were recorded for assessing the nutritional status. Nutrition and food intake were closely related to nutritional status and health of an Individual. The mean weight in all age groups showed significant difference with the ICMR mean weight for respective ages except in ages 18 and 19 years girls. The mean height showed significant difference with the ICMR means height154.75cm, S.D:1.80 for respective ages 17, 18, and 19 years in college girls. Overall prevalence of thinness was found. Body Mass Index of selected college going late adolescent girls (28%) were under weight 54 per cent were normal and 18 per cent were overweight. Prevalence of deficiency disorder was also found like vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D and lack of awareness about health and nutrition was also found among them. The nutritional status of an individual is often the results of many interrelated factors. It is influenced by the adequacy of food both in terms of quality and quantity. A large majority of the population of adolescents girls suffer from malnutrition, under nutrition. A survey was done on 100 subjects and data were analyzed. Analysis showed result that there was less knowledge about health and nutrition so they suffered from under nutrition. It can be said that proper knowledge of health and nutrition helps in promoting good nutritional status.

6 illus, 11 ref

012401   Seemaprakalpa (Home Science Dep, Extension Eduction, Institute of Home Science, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra, Uttar Pradesh) : Co-efficient of correlation between entrepreneurial behaviour and empowerment level of women entrepreneurs. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 792-3.

A woman, who is exhibiting enterprise survival, sustaining and making successful oriented behaviour is known as entrepreneur. Being an entrepreneur without being from familial business background, she gets empowerment in all spheres of life. So, in the present study, an effort has been made to know the relationship between entrepreneurial behaivour and empowerment level of women entrepreneurs. Fifteen women entrepreneurs' from each zonal area was selected running both boutiques and beauty parlours in Agra city. Primary data were collected through interview schedule. Based on the nature of data and relevant information, co-efficient of correlation was used as a statistical measure. The study concluded that significant and positive correlation was found between entrepreneurial behaviour. The findings of this study will help to fresh researchers in finding new ways of sharpening indicators of entrepreneurial behaviour in their study, so that empowerment level of women entrepreneurs could increase.

^ssc3 tables, 3 ref

012400   Sati L;Gir S (Human Development and Family Studies Dep, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap Univ of Agriculture and Techn, Udaipur, Rajasthan, Email: latasati90@gmail.com) : Impact of home environment on late adolescent boys belonging to nuclear and joint families. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 550-2.

The present study was an attempt to assess and compare the home environment of late adolescence residing in nuclear and joint family. The total sample for the present study consisted of 120 late adolescent boys. The sample was selected from 3 non-coeducational government schools of Udaipur city. A preliminary survey was conducted among 11th and 12th class students to select the sample as per the delimitation of the study. To assess home environment, inventory developed by Mishra (1989) was administered. The data were collected, coded and analyzed. Frequency and percentage were computed for each category.

3 tables, 4 ref

012399   Sahoo T;Bhattacharya G;Das P;Dash S K (NO, College of Home Science Orissa Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003, Email: sk_dash1006@hotmail.com) : Effectiveness of sal, Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. bark dye on mordanted silk. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2014, 5(2), 176-83.

Effectiveness of sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) bark dye on silk fabric treated with four different mordants was studied. Four types of mordants, viz. alum, CuSO₄, Al₂(SO₄)₃ and citric acid were used, each at 1, 2 and 3% of weight of fabric (o.w.f.) and with material liquor ratio (MLR) of 1:40. The variations in colour and intensities were analysed with the help of Hunterlab colour scale. It was observed that the maximum change in colour with respect to undyed silk fabrics was for 3% CuSO₄ mordant treated samples with the E* value of 48.52±0.14. However, the values were not significantly different from samples treated with CuSO₄ at 2% level. The change in chroma (ΔC*) was also maximum for the 3% CuSO mordant (37.41±0.40). The colour fastness analysis with respect to washing, rubbing and sunlight also indicated that all mordants and concentrations used in the study excepting 1% alum offered adequate fastness characteristics. Unmordanted samples had moderate fastness. In view of the colour fastness with respect to washing, rubbing and exposure to light, the sal dye can be applied with any of the selected mordants at 3% level.

3 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

012398   Rodge J;Sarambekar H (Family Resource Management Dep, College of Home, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra, Email: dr.jayarodge@rediffmail.com) : Analytical approach on postural deviation and health hazards of homemakers while dish washing. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 661-4.

For the study survey was conducted by interview method among 30 purposive randomly selected home makers having 5ft. to 5.5 ft. height range and one wall kitchen. The standing posture is adopted for the dish washing. The criteria chosen for evaluation were anthropometric measurement (height and weight), dimensions of the sink, heart rate, energy expenditure and postural deviation. The selected variables were correlated with independent variables. Postural deviation of body at cervical, lumbar and elbow joint of selected home makers was measured while cleaning utensils at sink in standing posture. The maximum postural deviation was found at lumbar point. Study revealed that correlation of depth of the bowl with cervical joint showed highly significant correlation for bowl depth of 14-18 cm (0.629**) where as elbow joint showed significant correlation for bowl depth of 14-18 cm (0.494*). Highly significant correlation was noted for tap height (20 - 40 cm) and postural deviation at lumbar joint and elbow joint (0.720**and 0.838**, respectively). It was observed that 46.66 per cent of homemakers were having normal BMI (20.5-25.0). It was also evident from the study that increase in heart rate of women increased the energy expenditure while dish washing at sink in standing position. Very severe pain was observed in shoulder while severe pain in back and neck was experienced by homemakers. None of the homemakers felt pain in wrist while dish washing at sink in standing posture.

4 tables, 5 ref

012397   Raghuvanshi R S;Singh V;Kharayat S;Joshi P (Foods and Nutrition Dep, College of Home Science, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand) : Dietary adequacy of hill families of Uttarakhand. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 403-5.

The present study was conducted on 683 families residing in three district of Uttarakhand viz., Almora, Udham Singh Nagar and Nainital to assess their nutritional profile. A village proforma and household proforma was used to collect the general information about the village and families. Dietary adequacy was assessed by 24 hour recall method and mean individual intake of nutrients was compared with the recommended dietary allowances. Results showed that majority of population was literate and only 18.5 per cent females were found to be illiterate. Most of the respondents were housewives and their main occupation was agriculture and animal husbandry. Data revealed that diet of women was inadequate in all the food groups except fat and calcium although intake of protein and iron was found to be closer to the RDA. Whereas average nutrient intake of children (11-15 years) was gravely deficient in micronutrients as well as intake of calorie and protein was also skimpy as compared to RDA.

2 tables, 7 ref

012396   Prakalpa S (Home Science Dep, Extension Education, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra Uttar Pradesh, Email: prakalpass@gmail.com) : Women entrepreneurs and their motivational sources and factors in rural Agra. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 388-91.

The present study was carried out to investigate women entrepreneurs and their motivational sources and factors in Agra rural. One hundred women entrepreneurs were selected randomly for the present study. Primary data were collected through interview schedule during year 2005. Percentage was used as statistical measure. It can be extracted from the findings that hundred per cent of women entrepreneurs were influenced by husband. Hundred per cent and 94 per cent of women entrepreneur were highly motivated to earn money and to get rich. Twenty four and 23 per cent entrepreneurs were averagely motivated for financial stability/securities. Twenty six per cent of women entrepreneur were low motivated due to availability of surplus money. Twelve per cent and 10 per cent of women entrepreneur were highly motivated to gain prestige and to sustain social prestige, respectively. Majority (19 % and 32%) of women entrepreneur were highly and averagely motivated to employ people. To carry on family business was the highly motivating factor for 89 per cent of women entrepreneurs. Eighty three per cent of women entrepreneurs were highly motivated due to most convenient job and it does not affect the family life. Twenty two per cent were averagely motivated to win husband's appreciation. Fifty three and thirty eight per cent of entrepreneurs were highly and averagely motivated to be productive, use personal abilities. I do not have educational qualification to seek a job and to keep myself busy were low motivating factors for 39 per cent and 37 per cent of entrepreneurs.On the basis of above indings. Government should do more effort for finding out the entrepreneurs those are working but not identified and susidised. For these kinds of entrepreneurs, government should do effort for converting their units from small to medium and medium to large unit through which population density in particular sector can be minimized in rreference of employment. If it can not be possible, people will have to do target oriented jobs. In which if target is suited out, people will get salary otherwise not. It is another facet of exploitation.

6 tables, 12 ref

012395   Pradhan D;Sadangi B (Human Development Family Studies Dep, College of Home Science, Orissa Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Email: dibyapradhan@rediffmail.com) : Parental control adopted by agricultural labourer households of Odisha. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 650-3.

A study was conducted to find out the parental control adopted by the families of women agricultural labourers. The study encompassed a sample of 160 households from 8 villages randomly selected from four blocks which were, purposively selected from four districts of Odisha. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Results revealed that majority of fathers (57.5 %) and mothers (69.37 %) used democratic methods of child training. Majority of both the parents (58.75 %) were giving moral teaching to the children. Fathers were found giving moral teaching more as compared to mothers. Disciplining children by telling stories was practised by 45.22 per cent mothers. More children seemed to obey their fathers than mothers. Majority (53.12 %) children believed their mothers more than fathers. For rectifying children's bad deeds punishing was executed by majority (59.38 %) of fathers where as more mothers use ridiculing/insulting the child. Father was found never isolating their children for this purpose. Comparatively higher percentage of mothers adopted the methods like "make children understand', 'deprive the children of the things they longed for' and 'divert children's mind' for rectifying children's bad deed than fathers. Consequences of parental control over children like develops resentment, fear and discontentment were more towards father than mother. Very few children seemed to change their behaviour as a result of parental control.

5 tables, 8 ref

012394   Pradhan D;Sadangi B (NO, College of Home Science, Orissa Univ of Agrculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Email: dibyapradhan@rediffmail.com) : Nutritional status of children among the families of women agricultural labourers. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 522-5.

A study was conducted on 160 agricultural labourer households of Odisha having at least one child in the age group of 1-5 years. The nutritional status of children aged 1-5 years was evaluated and was classified into different grades of malnutrition based on weight for age, height for age and weight for height. From the study, it was revealed that the mean weight and height of both male and female children of all groups was much less than the NCHS. It was also found that 77.5 per cent, 78.13 per cent and 71.25 per cent were malnourished on the basis of weight for age, height-for-age and weight-for-height, respectively with highest percentage in the age group of 4-5 years. Majority of the malnourished children belonged to Grade II group. Only 15.63 per cent were totally normal basing on all three parametersi.e. weight/age, height/age and weight/ height. Majority 68.13 per cent among malnourished children were in the present and past underfed group (low wt/age, low ht/ age and low wt/ ht).

6 tables, 6 ref

012393   Poonam;Shukla C (Family Resource Management Dep, College of Home Science, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculure and Technlogy, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, Email: poonam.singh0111@gmail.com) : Motivational factors influencing women to be the members of self-help groups. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 610-16.

Self-help groups play a tremendous role in empowering women through providing an excellent platform to improve the self- confidence, leadership, communication skills, decision making capacity, social recognition, standard of living etc. The glorious side of the coin reflects that SHGs are very powerful tool for empowerment but the other side imbibes a lot of many constraints and threats which affect the sustainability, remunerativesness and suitability of SHG activities to the local conditions. There were total 8 SHG associated with College of Home Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand with the strength of 90 members working therein. A purposive sampling technique was used with combination of deliberate random sampling for the selection of total sample. The data were collected personally through interview technique with the help of pre-structured questionnaire. All the groups were working at least since five and more years and contributed a lot to its members. Majority of members enjoyed decision making power in functioning of their SHG. They were not having membership of any group or organization before joining the self-help group. All the SHG members maintained attendance register and kept the records and were able to give their contribution regularly as well as make extra savings. The inspirational sources for joining SHG include NGOs, banks, friends, neighbours, university staff and students. Among these factors, university staff and students and other successful working SHG had been reported as major sources of inspiration. The major primary motivational factors to join self-help groups included desire to work independently, to spend time fruitfully, to be self-dependent and to improve financial condition of the family. Being the members of self-help groups, majority of respondents reported an increase in self-confidence, self esteem and participation in decision making, capacity building, improvement in psychological and social aspects.

8 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

012392   Pinki Rani;Singh C K (Human Development and Family Studies Dep, I.C. College of Home Science, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar, Haryana) : Comparison of rural and urban children according to home environment and parenting style. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 665-7.

The present study was carried out in Hisar district of Haryana state. The sample consisted of 100 girls between the age group of 7-8 years and their parents (both mother and father). Hence, the total sample for the study was 300 (100 girls and 200 parents). Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (Robinson et al., 1995), Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (Bradley and Caldwell, 1984) and Vineland Adaptive Behaviour scale developed (Sparrow et al., 1984) were used to assess the parenting style, home environment and behaviour of the children, respectively. Results revealed significant differences for all aspects of home environment, namely responsivity (Z= 2.90*) encouragement of maturity (Z=3.47*), emotional climate (Z= 3.66*), learning material and opportunities (Z= 5.50*), enrichment (Z=6.51*), family companionship (Z=6.38*), family integration (Z=3.22*) and physical environment (Z=5.26*) and significant differences between parenting style, namely authoritative, authoritarian and permissive in both mother and father parenting. Result further revealed that significant differences were found between respondents of rural and urban areas in aspects of adaptive behaviour namely, communication domain, daily living skill domain and motor skill domain. It was observed that urban respondents performed better than rural respondents in all aspects of adaptive behaviour.

4 tables, 16 ref

012391   Parhi P;Mahanty M (Human Development and Family Studies Dep, College of Home Science, Orissa Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha) : Opinion of mothers towards present educational system. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 684-6.

Realizing the importance and benefits of education, mothers of school going children in 21st century, now-a-days are becoming more articulated in expressing their opinion about the present educational system. Substantiating this observation, the study was conducted on state capital of Odisha about 100 mothers whose children were studying in CBSE, ICSE and Government run Odia medium schools which revealed many interesting opinion of them through favouring and not favouring different statements with varying intensity. Some of the statements which reflected the feelings of those mothers in true educational environment is substituted with business environment. Present educational system needs great deal of change for which the school atmosphere should be conducive for proper rearing of children than home situation; out of twenty statements administered to them. In spite of certain elements, mothers are still hopeful for the right kind of dividend in terms of their children's growth and development both, academically in social dimension.

1 table, 6 ref

012390   Pandey D;Bhatnagar V;Sharma V (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, West Kameng, Dirang Arunachal Pradesh, Email: divyashukla8@rediffmail.com) : Nutritional status of elderly people residing in Udaipur city. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 417-20.

With improving life expectancy, there will be worldwide increase in the burden of chronic diseases and disabilities. Majority of health problems among the aged are diet related and nutritionally dependent, and hence appropriate and adequate nutrition is essential for health and well being of the elderly. The present study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of 200 elderly males and females (60 -80 years) residing in Udaipur city. The parameters investigated include anthropometric measurements and dietary survey through 24-hour recall method. Mini Nutritional Assessment tool (MNA) was used to screen the elderly subjects and classify them as well nourished, at risk of malnutrition and malnourished. The mean daily food intake of elderly subjects showed that the intake of all the foodstuffs was lower than the balanced diet. However, in case of males the intake of milk and milk products was more than adequate. Mean height and weight of male subjects were 165 cm and 65.63 kg, whereas in females the mean height and weight were 157.5 cm and 64.65 kg. MNA classification indicated that 51 per cent of elderly males were well nourished as compared to only 29 per cent elderly females though females consumed on an average more calories and protein as percent of RDA as compared to males.

5 tables, 8 ref

012389   Neetu;Bains K;Madhu (Food and Nutrition Dep, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: neetumiglani83@gmail.com) : Qualitative study on hygiene practices followed by personnel working in sweet shops in Chandigarh. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 425-9.

This study collected data on food workers' self-reported food safety practices and beliefs about factors that impacted their ability to prepare food safely. The workers (Manager, Head-cook, Assistantcook, Waiters, dishwashers, Sweepers and people on counter) of 12 sweet shops were interviewed regarding cleaning and hygiene practices followed by them. Only in one sweet shop, one food handler had received formal training in food hygiene. All the workers washed their hands prior to handling the materials. In 17 per cent of sweet shops, plain water was used, 67 per cent of shops used soap and water and 17 per cent used polythene or plastic bags as hand gloves. Plain water, soap or detergent was used by all the workers for washing the cooking and serving utensils. Almost all the shop keepers used a disinfectant for cleaning purposes. For washing the floors, plain water and mop was used in 50 per cent of shops, surf and wet cloth was used in 50 per cent shops. Floor was cleaned once in 67 per cent of shops while twice and thrice a day in 17 per cent and 17 per cent of shops, respectively. Fly trappers were used in 42 per cent of shops. Wiping cloths were reused next day in all the shops after washing with soap and water in 83 per cent of shops and 17 per cent of shops used detergent. For the floor, disinfectants were used by all the workers once in 2-3 days. 83 per cent shops had deep freezers and 17 per cent did not have. 67 per cent of workers had knowledge regarding the freezer temperature for storage of sweets. Results suggest that food safety programs need to address the full range of factors that impact food preparation behaviours.

2 tables, 24 ref

012388   Narang D;Saini S;Vig D (Human Development Dep, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: narangdivya33@yahoo.in) : Age and gender: determinants of metacognition among rural adolescents. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 490-5.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the age and gender differentials in metacognition of rural adolescents (13-16 years). The study was carried out in rural schools of block-I, Ludhiana district. The sample comprised of 240 rural adolescents equally distributed over four grades (7th, 8th, 9th and 10th grade), two sexes and two socio-economic groups i.e. middle and low socio-economic group. Metacognitive skills of the subjects were assessed using a self-structured questionnaire adapted from Metacognition Inventory (Govil, 2003) and Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (Schraw and Dennison 1994). Results revealed significant gender differentials in metacognitive skills of rural adolescents with major proportion of female respondents having high level of metacognition as well as better mean scores as compared to their male counterparts.

5 tables, 38 ref

012387   Mehra D;Rekhade N (Home Science Dep, Government Maharani Laxmibai Girls P.G. College, Indore) : Inconvenience in level and height of platform in kitchen. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 430-2.

A kitchen is a place used for food, preparation, cooking and storage. A well-designed kitchen can improve or work habits, increase efficiency and minimize the effort required to prepare meals. The health problems, which appear due to the posture, are generally chronic in nature. In view of the inconvenient height of platforms in the ancient and modern type kitchen majority of study participants reported that the major body related problems (Backache, pain in arm, headache etc.) were related to the posture.Height of the work surface should be adapted to the height of the homemaker, formerly body height regarded as important in determining work heights. However, knowledge point out those factors seems to be more fundamental than body height for a comfortable working height. Among these is the length of the arm, the height of the elbow, the abdominal and bust extension, the fullness of the upper arm and vision. Staid and Bratton Says. The height of the elbow is the important landmark for determining the desirable height of work surface for household tasks, Because of the need to maintain a posture and arm positions that avoid static work and the fatigue arising from it for stand work, plan the height of work surface so that it is 3 below the height of the elbow or slightly more depending on the activity. The parts of a work center, which most commonly contribute to poor posture, includes height of working surfaces of work counters or tabletops, stovetops, oven, frequently used shelves and drawers at improper heights, types and heights of work stools and chairs.

2 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

012386   Mehra D;Rekhade N (Home Science Dep, Government Maharani Laxmibai Girls P.G. College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Posture related problems in Modern and ancient kitchen. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 392-4.

The kitchen is the heart of the home because food has such an important role to play in our lives. However, to achieve this, one has to spend a significant amount of time in kitchen, which may potentially affect the health of the person, most likely the women working in kitchen. The study initiated with concerns and questions that exist for health and safety of woman working in different types of kitchen. The kitchen has given much importance because health, comfort and happiness of the family depend on cleanliness, and food prepared there. The focused comparative assessment of the various aspects of ancient and modern kitchen will help in delineating the advantages and disadvantages that are parts of this kitchen. Furthermore, identification of these advantage and disadvantages will be helpful to offer valid and reliable suggestion/solutions to the existing health related problems faced by the women working in this kitchen.In view of the inconvenient height of platforms in the ancient and modern type kitchen, majority of study participants reported that the major body related problems (backache, pain in arm, headache etc.) were related to the posture. A substantial number of women reported that the wooden soot emanating during the cooking activities does create inconvenience in ancient types kitchen.

1 table, 4 ref