001716   Malik Y P;Hussain K;Alam K (Project Coordinating Unit (Linseed), C.S. Azad Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002) : Impact of plant spacing and fertilizer application on linseed and infestation of bud fly, Dasyneura lini barnes. J Oilseed Res 2008, 25(1), 106-7.

^ssc1 table, 3 ref

001715   Majumdar A S (NO, The National University of Singapore, Singapore) : New dehydration technologies for dairy and food products. Indian Dairyman 2008, 60(3), 65-6.

8 illus, ref

001714   Mahendra Singh;Dey R A;Sharma D K (NO, Eastern Regional Station National Dairy Research Institute, Kalyani, West Bengal, Email: msingh 872@yahoo.co.in) : Sustainability of buffalo dairy production system in peri-urbam areas of north-east region: constraints and scope of development. Indian Dairyman 2008, 60(2), 40-5.

The buffalo dairy farming has a great scope for the generation of income but buffalo dairy industry needs to be organized with more inputs of knowledge and other materials of dairy farming. Special attention needs to be given to organize the dairy farms under cooperatives to make them more effective and sustainable.

2 illus, 10 ref

001713   Mahavishnan K;Mangal Prasad;Bhanu Rekha K (Agronomy Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012) : Production potential and quality parameters of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as influenced by integrated nutrient management option in cotton - sunflower cropping system. Indian J agric Res 2008, 42(2), 147-9.

Field experiments were conducted during kharif and rabi seasons 2002-03 and 2003-04, respectively to investigate the response of cotton to integrated nutrient management in cotton - sunflower cropping system. Highest seed cotton yield (23.47 and 26.93 q ha^-1) and stalk yield (57.84 and 64.32 q ha^-1) were obtained with combined application of all the three sources of N [50% RDF + FYM + Mungbean Intercrop Incorporation] that remained at par with individual application of 100% RDF as well as combined application of 50% RDF and FYM. Quality parameters viz., ginning percentage, lint index, seed index, Bartletts index, fibre length, fibre fineness, bundle strength and maturity coefficient were remained unaffected due to various N management practices in cotton, however, higher values were observed with either application o FYM alone or in combination with other N sources.

2 tables, 8 ref

001712   Magar N M;Mane L L;Gavit A F;Patil S S (Oil Seeds Research Station, MPKV, Jalgaon-425 001) : Genetic diversity in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.). Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 679-81.

On the basis of D₂ analysis, the forty genotypes of pigeonpea were grouped in to six gene clusters. Genetic diversity was found to be unrelated to geographic diversity. According to genetic divergence, cluster means and per se performance, genetically diverse genotypes have been identified and crossing programme has been suggested involving Phule T 1037, Phule T9280, Phule T 11-89, Phule T 8208-1, Pusa 2001-1, NDA 2001-2, MAL-1H, BDN-2 and ICPL-87.

3 tables, 8 ref

001711   Madduri V;Mohammad S (Agronomy Dep, College of Agriculture, ANG Ranga Agril. Univ, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030) : Growth, yield, land equivalent ratio and economics of toria, Brassica rapa var toria and berseem, Trifolium alexandrinum intercropping system. J Oilseed Res 2008, 25(1), 87-8.

^ssc3 tables, 4 ref

001710   Luikhan E;Yamtong K;Mariam Anal P S (NO, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural Univ, Imphal-795 004) : Effect of planting geometry and nitrogen levels on productivity of black aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) under rainfed conditions. Agric Sci Dig 2008, 28(2), 153-1.

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2004 to evaluate the effect of planting geometry and nitrogen levels on black aromatic rice. The maximum grain yield and monetary returns were obtained with the spacing of 10x10 cm. Similarly, the application of nitrogen at 60 kg/ha resulted in highest grain yield, net income and cost benefit ratio.

2 tables, 4 ref

001709   Leela Rani P (Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Palem, Mahabubnagar Dt., Andhra Pradesh) : Castor Ricinus communis L. based intercropping system under rainfed conditions. J Oilseed Res 2008, 25(1), 92-3.

^ssc1 table, 3 ref

001708   Lakpale N (Plant Pathology Dep, IGKV, Raipur-492 006) : Factors influencing the development of citrus canker disease. Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 425-7.

Citrus canker incited by X.a. pv citri, is a serious problem in all the citrus growing areas. Studies were conducted to know the influence of various factors like method of inoculation, age and concentration of bacterial culture, age of the leaves and developmental stages of fruits on the infection and subsequent development of disease. It was found that injury of the host needed by the pathogen for successful infection. Bacterial culture beyond three days of age, reduction in disease development was noticed. Bacterial suspension of 0.5 OD concentration was required for successful infection and subsequent development of the disease. Younger leaves, full sized and ripe fruits were more condusive for infection and further development of disease.

5 tables, 10 ref

001707   Kumhar K C;Tripathi N N (Plant Pathology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Biological management of root-rot of tomato caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Indian J agric Res 2008, 42(1), 42-6.

Trichoderma viride exhibited the maximum antagonistic effect against root-rot pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani under both laboratory and screehouse conditions followed T. harzianum. Under laboratory conditions the mycelical growth of the pathogen was inhibited by all the four methods tested but inhibition of R. solani was more when bits of pathogen were placed around the bit of Trichoderma viride (in center). By this method Trichoderma viride inhibited 72.22 per cent growth of R. solani followed by T. harzianum (69.44%). Inhibition of growth was less by G. virens and T. longitrichum. Among different methods of application of antagonists seed treatment with Trichoderma viride and T. heorzianum in combination with soil application with same antagonists resulted in maximum reduction of disease. Trichoderma viride reduced 57.22 per cent root-rot pathogen followed by T. harzianum (45.44%).

4 tables, 12 ref

001706   Kular J S;Sangha M K;Atwal A K (Entomology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 001) : Interrelationship between mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) population and biochemical constituents of oilseed Brassica. J Oilseed Res 2008, 25(1), 123-4.

^ssc1 table, 8 ref

001705   Krupakar A;Marker S (Geetics and Plant Breeding Dep. College of Agricultural, Allhabad Agricultural Deemed Univ, Allahabad-211 007) : Adaptive responses and genetic divergence in local land races of maize. Ann Pl Soil Res 2008, 10(1), 36-8.

The genetics divergence among 39 local land races of maize (Zea mays L.) was assessed by employing Mahalanobis D₂ analysis based on 15 characters. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. Cluster III was the largest with 10 genotypes followed by cluster I and II containing 8 genotypes each. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and VII followed by that between cluster IV and V, suggesting more variability in genetic makeup of the genotypes included in these clusters. Cluster IV had the highest mean values for grain yield per plant, harvest index, ear girth, anthesis silking interval and plant height. Cluster VI was the second highest for grain yield per plant with high protein content and number of grain rows per ear. Qualitative characters contributed maximum towards genetic divergence. Based on high grain yield and intercluster distance, it is advisable to attempt crossing of the genotypes from cluster V and VII with the genotype of cluster IV in order to generate wide spectrum variability for yield improvement in maize.

3 tabnles, 9 ref

001704   Koundal V;Parida S K;Yadava D K;Ali A;Koundal K R;Mohapatra T (NO, National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural R, New Delhi-110 012, Email: tm@nrcpp.org) : Evaluation of microsatellite markers for genome mapping in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L). J Pl Biochem Biotechnol 2008, 17(1), 69-72.

Microsatellites are robust markers for genome mapping, gene tagging and marker assisted selection. The genus Brassica, having a large and complex genome, requires such type of markers for various applications in genetics and breeding. A set of 202 microsatellite markers were used to screen two parental genotypes of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) namely, 'Varuna', an indigenous cultivar and BEC144, an exotic collection from Poland, of which 36 (17.8%) were informative and usable for segregation analysis. The polymorphic markers detected heterozygosity in advanced generation recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed earlier from the cross Varuna x BEC144 with a varying frequency that ranged from 0% to 23.5%. Normal Mendelian segregation for majority of microsatellite markers was observed. Eleven markers showed significant deviation from the expected 1:1 segregation ratio. Twelve markers were assigned to six different linkage groups of Indian mustard genome map. The level of polymorphism between the parents and the percentage of useful informative markers as observed in this study, suggested that many more markers are needed to achieve a reasonable coverage of mustard genome. This is the first report on the evaluation of microsatellite markers for genome mapping in B. juncea.

3 illus, 20 ref

001703   Konwar D;Barman K (NO, Skuast-J, R S Pura, Jammu, Email: barman74@rediffmail.com) : Slow music: an imposing recent implement to boost milk yield in cow. Indian Dairyman 2008, 60(2), 46-8.

46 Researchers found that cows respond to a pleasant auditory environment by producing more milk. It seems that slow music had the effect of alleviating stress and relaxing the animals which resulted in greater milk yields. They found that slow music improved milk yields, perhaps because it relaxes the cows in much the same way as it relaxes humans.

13 ref

001702   Kiranmal C;Aruna V;Karuppusamy S;Pullaiah T (Plant Tissue Culture Div. Biotechnology and Botany Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur-515 003, Email: pullaiaht@yahoo.co.in) : Callus culture and plant regeneration from seedling explants of Pergularia daemia (forsk) Chiov. J Pl Biochem Biotechnol 2008, 17(1), 99-101.

Callus cultures were established from seedling explants of Pergularia daemia (Forsk) Chiov on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxins. Optimal callus developed from leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2 mg I^-1) + 2iP (0.1 mg I^-1), was used for morphogenesis. Adventitious shoots were regenerated (70%) from the calli on MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.1 mg l^-1) + BAP (2 mg I^-1). Individual shoots were rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg I^-1 IBA. Plantlets with well developed roots were successfully transferred to soil and 50% of the transferred plants survived.

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

001701   Khurana N (NO, 3M India Ltd., Banglore) : Innovating in enumeration of microorganisms in dairy products. Indian Dairyman 2008, 60(3), 142-4.

1 table

001700   Khilnani R K (NO, , , Email: rkkhilnani@gmail.com) : Energy saving in thermal utilities of a dairy plant. Indian Dairyman 2008, 60(4), 34-40.

There is vast scope for conerving energy in thermal utilities of a dairy plant. One can eaily save anything from 10 percent to 25 percent in its fuel bills by adopting right energy conservation techniques. Improving energy efficiency is not only essential to improve the financial returns of our dairy industry but is also improtant for protection of our environment against the harmful effects of global warming due to increased production of green house gases, air pollution, ozone layer depletion and loss of biodiversity. In case of thermal utilities it becomes more e elevant as there is direct and immediate effect on environment due to regular buring of fuel. Any saving in thermal energy consumption of a dairy will result in lesser amount of fuel to be burnt for the same functions, which will mean financial gains as well as less as lesser damage to the environment.

3 ref

001699   Khanna R S (Centre for Integrated Animal Husbandry & Dairy Development, , Noida, Email: dr.rskrsk@gmail.com ) : Ensuring revolution in milk production system: getting the best from India's cattle and buffaloes. Indian Dairyman 2008, 60(3), 37-43.

9 tables, ref

001698   Khan A A;Ansari M Y K;Shahab D (Cytogenetic and Mutation Breeding Lab. Botany Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002) : Effect of ethylne diamine on certain biological parameters in Vicia faba L. variety major. Indian J appl pure Biol 2007, 22(2), 195-7.

The variety of Vicia faba L. (Var. major) was treated with five different concentrations (0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.00%) of Ethylene diamine mutagen. Ethylene diamine has induced morphological variations in Vicia faba L. in these five different concentrations at seed level. Reduction in seed germination, height of plants, pollen fertility, while increase in the percentage of morphological variations and height injury were recorded with the increasing concentrations of EDA. Coeficient of variation was recorded to be higher in mutagen treated populations.

1 tables, 13 ref

001697   Khali D P;Negi A;Singh J P (Composite Wood Discipline, Forest Products Div, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248 006, Email: khalidp@icfer.org) : Fibreboards from Parthenium hysterophorus. J Timb Dev Ass India 2007, 53(3-4), 3-9.

Suitability of Parthenium hysterophorus has heen evaluated lor making fibreboard. It is observed that suitable fibreboards grade II meeting the requirements of Indian Standard (IS) specification can be made using 14 percent phenol formaldehyde resin with 1 percent wax emulsion as sizing agent.

3 tables, 18 ref

001696   Kavitha M P;Ganesaraja V;Paulpandi V K (Agronomy Dep, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104) : Effect of foliar spraying of sea weed extract on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Agric Sci Dig 2008, 28(2), 127-9.

Field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2006-2007 to study the effect of foliar spraying of seaweed extract (phytozyme) on growth and yield of rice. Sea weed extract @ 0.3 per cent was sprayed on the foliage of rice at different growth stages along with control (no spray). Spraying sea weed extract on the foliage of rice significantly influenced the growth, yield attributes and grain yield. Spraying of seaweed extract @ 0.3 per cent twice at 50 per cent flowering and at milk stages recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes and was followed by spraying of seaweed extract @ 0.3 per cent at milk stage. Spraying of seaweed extract @ 0.3 per cent at fifty per cent flowering and milk stages recorded 26 per cent higher grain yield (6055 kg ha^-1) when compared to control (4432 kg ha^-1).

4 tables, 7 ref

001695   Kathiravan M;Vijayakumar A;Vanitha C (Seed Science and Technology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003) : Effect of drydressing treatment and containers on seed quality parameters in lablab (Lablab purpureous L.) under natural ageing conditions. Indian J agric Res 2008, 42(1), 62-6.

Dry dressing of freshly harvested lablab seeds with thiram @ 2g kg¹, activated clay @ 1:100 (day: seed ratio) and halogens @ 3g kg^-1 revealed that the seeds dry dressed with thiram @ 2g kg^-1 and stored in 700 gauge polythene bag maintained the maximum germination (80%), drymarter production (134 mg seedling^-10), protein content (24.24%) and minimum leakage of electrical conductivity (0.940 dSm^-1) and bruchid infestation (9.58%) up to one year under natural ageing conditions over control. In all the treatments, the deterioration of seed quality parameters was less in polythene bag compared to doth bag.

2 illus, 1 tables, 11 ref

001694   Kathiravan M;Ponnuswamy A S;Vanitha C (Seed Science and Technology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003) : Effect of sieve screen size on seed quality of cotton seeds of MCU 12 and surabi in A lab model two screen cleaner cum grader. Agric Sci Dig 2008, 28(2), 136-8.

Delinted cotton seeds of MCU 12 and Surabi were graded using lab model two screen cleaner cum grader in order to find out optimum sieve size for maximum recovery and seed quality. Decrease in sieve aperture size (4.5 mm) yielded high recovery in both cultivars (94.40 and 94.15%, respectively). Significant differences were observed on physical measurements of seed samples collected during grading in both cultivars. Maximum (82 and 83%) and minimum (72 and 73%) germination percentage were recorded by the seeds retained by 55 mm and sinked through 4.5 mm sieve in both cultivars viz., MCU 12 and Surabi, respectively. Among the different sieve sizes, 4.5 mm diameter sieve was suitable for both cultivars to obtain good recovery and seed quality.

1 table, 9 ref

001693   Kathiravan M;Ponnuswamy A S;Vanitha C (Seed Science and Technology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: amkathir@yahoo.co.in) : Determination of physiological maturity stage for harvesting quality seeds in jatropha (Jatropha curcas Linn.). Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 569-72.

Studies on determination of physiological maturity stage for quality seed production in Jatropha revealed that the fresh and dry weight of seed (1.382 and 0.762 g seed-1, respectively), germination (80 per cent), drymatter production (3.047 g seedling^-10), oil content (32.48 per cent)and protein content (18.37%) reached the maxi-rftium at 75 days after anthesis associated with the visual symptoms in change of fruit colour from green to -yellowish orange. Hence the seeds of jatropha attained physiological maturity at 75 days after anthesis with yellowish orange colour, which is considered as physiological maturity indice for harvesting quality seeds.

3 tables, 17 ref

001692   Kanaka Durga K;Reddy B V S;Reddy M S S;Ganesh M (ICRISAT Asia Center, , Patancheru-502 324) : Influence of cytoplasm on the occurrence of leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.)) in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Indian J agric Res 2008, 42(2), 97-101.

Analysis of the data revealed significant differences among the genotypes and genotype x interaction effects for all the characters under study. However, differences among cytoplasm's was observed for disease parameters like length and area of the lesion, and agronomic traits like plant height, agronomic desirability, grain yield plant-1 and test weight. For disease related parameters, sterile cytoplasm has contributed significantly to resistance for length and area of the lesion. In case of agronomic traits, fertile cytoplasm has profound dominant effect on agronomic desirability (B-3.4 score/A-3.7 score), grain yield plant1 (B-33.9 g plant-1/ A-29.8 g plant-1) and test weight (B-2.98 g/ A-2,90g) while sterile cytoplasm exerted profound effect on plant height (A-191.2 cm/R-194.1 cm) only.

2 tables, i6 ref

001691   Kanade P (Innovation Centre, Mother Dairy Fruit & Vegetable Pvt. Ltd., Delhi-110 092) : Probiotic dairy foods: present status and future potential in India. Indian Dairyman 2008, 60(3), 86-92.

Probiotics have received popularity world wide because of the numerous health benefits, e.g. improvement of gut health, enhancing immunity, managing conditions like lactose intolerance, hypercho-lesterolemia, cardiac diseases and thus have the potential to be an exciting ingredients for foods with a "healthy" image. Probiotics could be combined with other healthful ingredients or simply used to complement the natural functional attributes of whole foods. Dairy food manufacturers in India have also initiated the move to explore the market for probiotics. With the current focus on preventive health care at all ages, the probiotic Dairy Foods market potential is enormous in India where the economy is growing in a fast pace and so is the purchasing power of the consumers.

1 illus, 1 tabels, 27 ref

001690   Kamruzzaman M;Rahman M A;Mollick A S;Sadath M N (Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna Univ, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh, Email: zaman_sulu@yahoo.com) : Soil in relation to mortality of sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.). J Timb Dev Ass India 2007, 53(3-4), 50-60.

Dalbergia sissoo is one of the most important timbers of Bangladesh. The heartwood is strong and durable and is brown with darker figuring for which reason it is prized for furniture making and general constructional work in Bangladesh. In the recent years the plantation of sissoo in Bangladesh have been suffering from a serious disease usually known wilting, where the infected trees start drying from the tip. The soil has a considerable influence on the incidence of root diseases. The study was conducted for isolation and identification of fungi from the soil samples which was collected from both disease affected and healthy sissoo trees and to find out the relationship between soil texture and the incidence of root disease of sissoo. It is with this view that a survey made on different areas where mortality of Sissoo is occurred and then collection of soil samples for the isolation of fungi from the samples. So far about 13 species of fungi are isolated from different Sissoo soils. The findings show that soils which were collected from under severely wilting sissoo produce large number of fungi in the isolation media. Different types of fungi were isolated from the soil samples of which Fungus No. 101 are significantly different from other types. But this type is not identified because of our limited time and laboratory equipments. At p = 0.05 level of significance, soil texture has a limited negative correlation with disease incidence.

4 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

001689   Kalita M C (Horticulture Research Station, Assam Agricultural Univ, Kahikuchi, Guwahati-17) : Date of sowing and spacing of different sunflower varieties under rainfed condition in Assam. Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 445-6.

Variety "Morden" was found to be the most promising one with the spacing of 45cm x 30cm. When sown on 15th November followed by KBSH-1, BSH-1 recorded highest plant height and better per cent of oil content. B.C. ratio was recorded highest when the crop was sown on 5th November with the spacing of 45cm x 30 cm.

1 table, 3 ref

001688   Joshi B K (National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, , Karnal-132 001) : Revisiting the breeding policy for improvement and conservation of cattle and buffaloes. Indian Dairyman 2008, 60(3), 49-56.

1 table,

001687   Joseph S;Balan B (NO, College of Horticulture, KAU, Vellanikkara, Thrissur-680 656) : Biological efficiency of ash gourd based intercropping systems. Indian J agric Res 2008, 42(2), 86-91.

The biological efficiency indices LER, LEG, ATER, aggressivity and RCC were worked out for the system in both planting systems. LER and ATER for all the treatments were above one and this indicated that intercropping in ash gourd is biologically efficient. The LEG value was highest for ash gourd + amaranthus (T₄) and ash gourd + bush cowpea (T₃) combination. Negative aggressivity values for treatments containing three crop combinations indicated that the intercrops could be more aggressive, but there is no yield reduction in the base crop, ash gourd.

4 tables, 18 ref

001686   Johnson M;Narayan Reddy P;Rajaram Reddy D (Agricultural Research Station, , Anantapur-500 001) : Cultural characters of stem rot, Sclerotium rolfsii isolates of groundnut from red and black soils of Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. J Oilseed Res 2008, 25(1), 120-2.

^ssc2 tables, 15 ref

001685   John Wesely B;Swamy R;Hari Babu B;Yellamanda Reddy T (NO, Agricultural Research Station, Anantapur-515 001) : Equilibrium moisture content of groundnut (TMV-2) at different storage conditions. Indian J agric Res 2008, 42(2), 107-11.

The experiment was conducted during 2001-2003 to determine equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of groundnut at temperatures of 25, 35, 43°C and relative humidities ranging from 35 to 80 %. Saturated solutions of various inorganic salts were employed to create the controlled himidities in the closed chamber. The equilibrium moisture content of groundnut obtained by equilibrating them at 35 to 80 per cent relative humidities (RH's) at each of the temperatures of 25, 35 and 43°C. Three EMC-ERH models namely Helsey, Harkins-Jura and Smith were fitted to the observed data and evaluated for predicted values and co-relation coefficient. All the EMC models gave good fit in the relative humidity range of 35 to 55 per cent.

4 illus, 2 ref

001684   John Christopher D;Usharani S;Udhayakumar R (Plant Pathology Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002, Email: johnpp73@rediff.mail.com) : Management of dry root rot (Macrophomina phaseolina (TASSI.) Goid) of peanut (Arachis hypogeae L.) by the integration of antagonistic (Trichoderma virens) and organic amendments. Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 389-92.

Bio-efficacy of native isolates of Trichoderma virens combined with farmyard manure were evaluated against dry root rot of peanut incited by Macrophomina phaseolina under field condition. Seed treatment @ 4g/kg +soil application at the time of sowing @ 100 g/m² of T. virens and 30 days after sowing combined with FYM showed maximum reduction of dry root rot incidence, increased the rhizosphere population of antagonists, inhibited the propagules of M. phaseolina and improved the growth parameters of blackgram viz., root length, shoot length, number of pods plant^-1, 100 seed weight, grain yield ha^-1 and dry matter production. Application of T. virens along with soil application of FYM was most effective and significantly improved the plant growth, grain yield, dry matter production and reduced the disease incidence than application of T. virens alone.

3 tables, 14 ref

001683   Jayasekhar M;Manonmani K;Gailce Leo Justin C (Horticultural Research Station, Kirshi Vigyan Kendra, Pechiparai-629 161) : Development of integrated biocontrol strategy for the management of stem rot disease (Fusarium oxysporum F.SP. Vanillae) of vanilla. Agric Sci Dig 2008, 28(2), 109-11.

Stem rot disease of vanilla caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae is a major constraint in its cultivation in Kanyakumari District. The in vitro studies on the mycelial growth of the pathogen expressed the superior efficacy of the native isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf_NI) that recorded an inhibition zone of 25.00mm and was followed by T. harzianum. Under field conditions soil application of Pf_(NI) followed by carbendazim spray (0.2%) after 30 days of Pseudomonas application recorded the lowest disease incidence of 3.77, 4.03 and 3.67 per cent in three years and exerted 79.95, 80.50, 80.48 per cent reduction in disease over the control plot respectively. Among the bioagents, the soil application of Pf_(N1) followed T. harzianum after 30 days and another dose of Pf_(NI) after 30 days recorded a significant disease reduction of.69.84, 68.24 and 70.21 per cent in three consecutive years.

2 tables, 4 ref

001682   Jayalakshmi S K;Usharani S;Benagi V I;Mannur D M (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, EEU (UAS, Dharwad), Gulbarga-585 101) : Sources of resistance to dry root rot of chickpea caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola. Agric Sci Dig 2008, 28(2), 147-8.

Chickpea dry root rot caused by Rhioctonia bataticola is the most destructive disease and causes severe losses in yield. Therefore the present investigation were undertaken to screen different genotypes for their resistance to dry root rot. A pot culture experiment was conducted for screening of chickpea breeders promising entries (12 + 1 susceptible check JG-62) during rabi season of 2004-2005 and 2005-2006. Out of 12 genotypes tested against root rot disease 4 were found resistant, 2 were moderately susceptible, 3 were susceptible and 3 were highly susceptible to dry root rot disease.

1 table, 7 ref

001681   Jat G;Sharma K K;Kumawat B L;Bairwa F C (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Shri Karan Narendra College of Agriculture, Jobner-303 329) : Effect of FYM and mineral nutrients on yield attributes, yield and net return of mustard. Ann Pl Soil Res 2008, 10(1), 92-5.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of FYM and mineral nutrients on mustard [Brassicajuncea (L.) Czem and Coss]. The results revealed that each successive increasing levels of FYM application significantly increased the number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliquae, test weight, seed, stover yield, oil content, oil yield and net return as compared to control. The application of mineral nutrients also significantly increased these growth characters, yield attributes, yields, oil content, oil yield and net return of mustard. The combined application of FYM and mineral nutrients was more beneficial for increasing seed, stover yield and net return of mustard as compared to their individual application. The higher seed, stover yield and net return (21.00, 50.21 q ha^-1 and 23808.87 Rs ha^-1) were obtained under 10 t FYM ha^-1 and 40 kg S ha^-1 + 25 kg ZnSO₄ ha^-1 + 50 kg FeSO₄ ha^-1.

2 tables, 9 ref

001680   Janamma P;Jabeen F;Ranganatha A R G (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, College of Agriculture, ANGRAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030) : Autogamy in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes. J Oilseed Res 2008, 25(1), 75-8.

^ssc1 table, 8 ref

001679   Janamma P;Jabeen F;Ranganatha A R G (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, College of Agriculture, ANGRAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030) : Genetic variability in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes. J Oilseed Res 2008, 25(1), 73-4.

^ssc2 tables, 5 ref

001678   Janaki P;Raja Rajan A;Vadivel A (Radioisotope (Tracer) laboratory, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003) : Phosphorus utilization efficiency in cotton using <. Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 559-64.

Pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of N and P levels on the utilization of applied P by cotton (MCU 12) raised in a calcareous black cotton soil. The results revealed that the seed cotton yield of I cotton increased with the N and also increased with the level of P applied, but only up to 40 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1. The proportion of P derived from fertilizer in different parts of cotton increased with the level of P fertilizer application and the mean fertilizer P uptake was high in the seed (14.42 mg pot-1), followed by shoot (9.97 mg pot-1) and lint (2.06 mg pot-1). Of the total P taken up by the cotton, 42.44 per cent was derived from the fertilizer source and 57.56 per cent from the soil. The levels of N applied increased the per cent utilization of applied P. However, there was an inverse relationship between the P utilization efficiency and the P level. At the most the cotton plants utilized 13.45 per cent of applied P as super phosphate.

2 illus, 6 tables, 8 ref

001677   Janaki P;Raja Rajan A;Vadivel A (Soil Science Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003) : Effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on nitrogen use efficiency in cotton. Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 513-16.

Pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of N and P levels on the utilization of fertilizer N by cotton (MCU12) in a black cotton soil during Khaif200l. Each pot was filled with 25 kg of soil and two plants were maintained up to the last picking of kapas. The trearments included four levels of P (@ 0, 4.3, 8.6 and 12.9 mg kg^-1 soil as SSP) and four levels of N (@ 0,20,40 and 60 mg N kg1 soil), along with the recommended dose of K (16.4 mgK kg1 soil as MOP). Nitrogen was applied as urea in two splits (50% as basal and 50% as top dressing at 65 days after sowing). With the increase in the level of N the seed cotton yield increased significantly from 12.07 g pot in control to 18.78 g pot^-1 at 60 mg N kg^-1 and the latter was on par with 40 mg Nkg^-11 (17.27 g pot^-1). This showed that 40 mg N kg^-1 was sufficient for the variety MCU 12. The levels of N also increased the N use efficiency signifcantly. The highest N use efficiency was at the lowest level of N and vice versa, indicating an inverse relationship between N use efficiency and N levels. Both the lint and seed utilized approximately same per cent of N in the above ground portion. Thus, a major portion of the applied N was utilized for the vegetative growth. The recovery of the applied fertilizer N was high in shoot(11.8%) followed by seed (3.96%) and lint (8.2%).

2 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

001676   Jain A K;Sudhir Kumar;Singh O P;Panwar J D S (Botany and Microbiology Dep, Janta Vedic College, Baraut (Baghpat), Uttar Pradesh) : Impact of nitrogen and sulphur application on yield, dry matter production and seed oil content in rape seed mustard. Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 531-2.

Field study was conducted to study the impact of nitrogen and sulphur application on the dry matter production, yield and oil contents of rape seed mustard (Brassica juncea (L) Czern and Coss) Cv. Varuna. Pusajai kisan, Pusa bold, and Pusa argrini. Treatments comprised of different dosage (kg/ha) of sulphur (S) and a uniform dosage of nitrogen (N) VizOS+ON, 20S+ON, 40+ON, 60+ON, OS+60N, 20S+60N, 40S+60N and 60S+60N. The result showed that the application of sulphur alone does not gave significant result, while the treatment of 40S+60N proved the most beneficial in the term of higher yield and dry matter production and 40S+ON for oil contents for Pusa bold in comparison to other cultivars of rape seed mustard under winter season.

1 table, 3 ref

001675   Jain A K;Sudhir Kumar;Panwar J D S;Singh O P (Botany and Microbiology Dep, Janta vedic College, Barut (Baghpat), Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of combined application on nitrogen and sulphur on leaf area and chlorophyll content in rape seed mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss). Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 709-10.

2 tables, 3 ref

001674   Jain A K;Sudhir Kumar;Panwar J D S (Botany and Microbiology Dep, Janta Vedic College, Baraut (Baghpat), Uttar Pradesh) : Role of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) and rock phosphate in pigeonpea. Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 411-12.

Experiment was conducted at research farm of Janta Vedic College, Baraut (Baghpat) during 2004 and 2005. The present studies resulted the application of rock phosphate (100 ppm) with VAM fungus (Glomus mosseae) inoculations help in the utilization of less or unavailable sources of phosphate into an available form of the growth and development of pigeonpea (Cajanus cyan).

2 tables, 4 ref

001673   Jahan M A;Sikdar B (Genetics and Breeding Dep, Rajshahi Univ, Rajshahi-6205, Bangaladesh) : Pollen biology through in vitro pollen germination of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Indian Biol 2007, 39(1), 45-50.

Pollen viability is critical for any studies on pollen biology. The highest 98.52% viable pollen grain was recorded in GBBG-10 of bitter gourd. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth are prerequisites for fertilization. In vitro germination techniques provide useful information on pollen biology. The in vitro growth was tried by the Sitting-drop-culture method using different medium and solutions like Brewbaker and Kwack's medium, Roberts medium, 5% sucrose, 5% boric acid, 5% fructose solution etc. Pollen grains of fourteen different varieties did not respond in Robert's medium, 5% sucrose, 5% boric acid and 5% fructose solution. They, however, successfully grew in Brewbaker and Kwack's medium at pH 7 and 8. The best germination rate was observed in GBBG-2 is 100% and 92.85% respectively. Carbohydrate source, boron and calcium plays an important role in pollen germination. Pollen grain of GBBG-4 and 6 showed the highest pollen tube length and it was 3800u in Brewbaker and Kwack's medium and the exact pH value is 8 for the best bitter gourd pollen germination.

3 tables, 2 illus, 24 ref

001672   Jadhav S E;Garg A K;Dass R S (Field Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization, Leh, Ladakh-194 101, Email: garg@ivri.up.nic.in) : Effect of graded levels of zinc supplementation on growth and nutrient utilization in male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Anim Nutr Feed Technol 2008, 8(1), 65-72.

Eighteen Murrah male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves (219.2±5.76 kg body weight; ~ 14-15 months of age) were assigned into three groups of six animals in each in a randomized block design. Experimental feeding was similar in the three groups (concentrate mixture and ad libitum wheat straw), except for the level of zinc (as zinc sulphate) supplementation, which were 0, 35 and 70 ppm in Gr. I, II and HI, respectively. The study was conducted for a period of 120 days including a 6 days metabolism trial. The mean dry matter (DM) intake was comparable (P>0.05) at 73.83, 72.76 and 75.59 g/kgW^<0.75> in Gr. I, II and III, respectively. Intake and digestibility of organic nutrients including fibre fractions were also similar (P>0.05) among the three groups. Intake of N, Ca and P, their excretion through faeces and urine and balances were also similar (P > 0.05) among the three groups. However, average daily gain of the calves was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Gr. III (601.4 g/d), as compared to Gr. I (547.4 g/d) and Gr. II (566.7 g/d). Feed (DM) required per unit of body weight gain was also significantly (P<0.05) lower in Gr. III (8.97), as compared to Gr. I (10.3). These results indicated that supplementation of 70 ppm zinc in the basal diet containing about 35 ppm zinc may improve the growth performance and feed conversion efficiency in the male buffalo calves. However, further studies with more number of animals are suggested.

3 tables, 29 ref

001671   Hipparagi K;Chinnappa B (NO, College of Horticulture, Mudigere-577 132) : Production potential and economics of banana based cropping systems. Indian J agric Res 2008, 42(2), 116-19.

Investigation carried out to identify the banana based cropping system on the basis of their physical and economic performance at the agricultural Research Station Kathalagere has revealed that Soyabean and redgream could be raised successfully in the interspaces of banana garden without affecting the main crop. Soyabean and redgran were proved to be ideal intercrop in banana garden providing net income of Rs 8,148.20 and Rs 6,160.95 at 50 per cent NPK levels.

2 tables, 4 ref

001670   Himanshu;Singh P C;Rajkumar (NO, Sri Durga ji Post Graduate College, Chandesar, Azamgarh-276 128) : Influence of sulphur, zinc and Rhizobium on soil fertility. Ann Pl Soil Res 2008, 10(1), 101-2.

1 tables, 2 ref

001669   Himabindu T;Jaganmohan Reedy K (Botany Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: reddykankanala@yahoo.com) : Paperboard effluent effect on growth and yield characteristics of rice crop with soil amendments. Indian J appl pure Biol 2007, 22(2), 291-6.

The different concentrations of effluent released from the industry of Paperboard and Speciality Paper Division was used in irrigating paddy grown in pots with two types of soil amendments i.e. soil amended with rice husk ash (SAA) and soil amended with farm yard manure (SAM). The growth characteristics and yield attributes like number of filled seeds per spike, 1000 seeds weight, seed yield/clump and HI% (harvest index percentage) were studied. All the parameters studied exhibited higher values at either 50% or 75% dilution when compared to control (0%) and soil with out amendment.

5 tables, 5 ref

001668   Hasan M;Gupta A K;Singh C P (Biopesticide Laboratory, Entomology Dep, G.B. Pant Univ of Agril. & Tech., Pantnagar-263 145) : Biology of cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L.) (lepidoptera : pieridae) on cabbage and Indian mustard. J Oilseed Res 2008, 25(1), 104-5.

^ssc1 table, 7 ref

001667   Harvendra Singh;Singh S P;Vinay Singh;Solanki V P S (NO, Raja Balwant Singh College, Bichpuri Campus, Agra-283 105) : Differential reponse of potato cultivar to zinc application in reclaimed sodic soil. Ann Pl Soil Res 2008, 10(1), 78-80.

In a field experiment on reclaimed sodic soil, the effect of zinc was studied on cultivars of potato in rabi season. Application of zinc sulphate up to 40 kg ha^-1 significantly increased the tuber production, whereas at 60 kg ha^-1 level, the yields tended to decrease. The magnitude of response differed from cultivar to cultivar. The order of yield response to zinc application was, Kufri Anand> Kufri Bahar> Kufri Chandramukhi> Kufri Ashok. Zinc application progressively increased its concentration in tubers. The maximum Zn removal was recorded in Kufri Anand and minimum in Kufari Chandramukhi.

3 tables, 6 ref