HUGGI L , SHIVARAMU H S, MANJUNATAHA M H, SOUMYA D V, KUMAR P V, LUNAGARIA M M
044903 HUGGI L , SHIVARAMU H S, MANJUNATAHA M H, SOUMYA D V, KUMAR P V, LUNAGARIA M M (GKVK, Bangalore, Email: lingarajhuggi@gmail.com) : Agro-climatic onset of cropping season: A tool for determining optimum date of sowing in dry zones of southern Karnataka. J Agrometeorol 2020, 22(3), 240-9.
The study was conducted to analyse the rainfall pattern of dry farming zones of Southern Karnataka to arrive at proper date of sowing by considering parameters like threshold rainfall (20 mm), threshold dry day (2.5 mm) and threshold dry spell period (10 days) as a main defining parameters for decision making in sowing of major crops (finger millet, pigeonpea, groundnut, etc.). In all the three zones, the agro-climatic onset of cropping season was earlier as compared to meteorological onset (June 1st week) due to bimodal distribution of rainfall having its peaks in May and September month. In Central Dry Zone, Southern Dry Zone and Eastern Dry Zone, fourteenth June, thirteenth June and twenty third May were the agro-climatic onset dates (average of all stations in each zone), respectively. Station wise analysis of the rainfall revealed different agro-climatic onset dates. Ninth May in central dry zone, eighth May in eastern dry zone and fifth May in southern dry zone were the earliest onset dates. These variations in between zonal and station specific onset dates were due to spatio-temporal variations in rainfall. Therefore, advancements in sowing of crops based on the agro-climatic onset should be taken into account for betterment of crop production.
5 illus, 5 tables, 28 ref
DESHMUKH J P, KAKADE S U, THAKARE S S, SOLANKE M S
042957 DESHMUKH J P, KAKADE S U, THAKARE S S, SOLANKE M S (Agronomy Dep, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola - 444 104, Maharashtra, Email: jpdagro@rediffmail.com) : Weed management in wheat by pre-emergence and pre-mix post-emergence combinations of herbicides. Indian J Weed Sci 2020, 52(4), 331–5.
Field investigation was carried out at Akola, Maharashtra during three consecutive Rabi season of 2016-2017, 2017-18 and 2018-19 to assess the efficacy of herbicide combinations in wheat. Treatments comprised of twelve different preemergence and pre-mix combinations of post-emergence herbicides. Results revealed that pre-mix post-emergence application (PoE) of clodinafop propargyl + metsulfuron-methyl 0.06 + 0.004 kg/ha at 35 DAS and sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl 0.03 + 0.002 kg/ha at 35 DAS gave higher weed control efficiency (90 and 80 %) and lower weed index (2.85 and 2.98 %). These proved as effective as weed free treatment and recorded significantly higher grain yield of 4.37 and 4.36 t/ha, respectively over rest of the treatments. The highest net monetory returns and B:C ratio ( 64356/ha, 3.69) were registered with application clodinafop-propargyl + metsulfuron-methyl 0.06 + 0.004 kg/ha at 35 DAS followed by sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl 0.03 + 0.002 kg/ha at 35 DAS. ( 62162/ha and 3.40).
3 tables, 17 ref
DASH S, DUARY B
042956 DASH S, DUARY B (Institute of Agriculture (PalliSiksha Bhavana), Sriniketan - 731 236, West Bengal, Email: bduary@yahoo.co.in) : Tillage and weed management effects on productivity of wheat under dry seeded rice–wheat system on lateritic soils of West Bengal. Indian J Weed Sci 2020, 52(4), 326–30.
A field study was conducted during 2016-17and 2017-18 to evaluate the impact of four tillage systems, viz. zero tillage (ZT) both in rice and wheat, conventional tillage (CT) both in rice and wheat, ZT in rice – CT in wheat and CT in rice –ZT in wheat with four weed management practices (recommended herbicide, recommended herbicide + one hand weeding, weed free and weedy check) in dry seeded rice–wheat cropping system on a lateritic soil of West Bengal. Among weed management practices, application of sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron at 0.032 kg/ha at 20 DAS followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAS in wheat was found to be the most effective. The yield of wheat under ZT-ZT was found to be the highest (3.78 t/ha), which was at par with CT-ZT. Advantages in ZT-ZT were to the extent of 23.6 and 21.8 % over CT-CT in first and second year, respectively. Among weed management practices, recommended herbicide followed by one hand weeding registered higher yield (3.78 t/ha) and was comparable with the weed free treatment. The highest B:C ratio was recorded in zero tillage in wheat (ZT-ZT and CT-ZT) in combination with the sole application of recommended herbicide. The continuous ZT, especially in wheat with recommended herbicide alone was promising for higher productivity and profitability under dry-seeded rice–wheat system on lateritic soils of Eastern India.
2 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref
NAVEEN N E, MANJUNATHA U B, KUMAR M D, JAYAPRAKASH S M, CHAITANYA H S
042955 NAVEEN N E, MANJUNATHA U B, KUMAR M D, JAYAPRAKASH S M, CHAITANYA H S (Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences Univ, Shivamogga - 577 201, Karnataka, Email: naviagron@gmail.com) : Yellow-green algae (Vaucheria sp.): A new weed reported in transplanted rice from the coastal Karnataka and its management. Indian J Weed Sci 2020, 52(4), 322–5.
Vaucheria species from the coastal region of Karnataka were collected from a rice field during Kharif season from Kota hobli, Udupi Taluk, Coastal Karnataka. These were identified as V. sessilis (VAUCHER) DC and V.geminata (VAUCHER) DC. A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2017 and 2018 at farmer’s field Kota, Udupi taluk, Coastal Karnataka, India for the management of these algal species. Among herbicide combinations, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin at 750 g/ha at 3 DAT fb post-emergence application of penoxsulam at 22.5 g/ha at 15, 30 and 45 DAT recorded lower dry weight (6.0, 5.6 and 4.8 g/m2 respectively) with higher weed control efficiency (92.37 %). This treatment also recorded significantly higher plant height (95.18 cm), a higher number of tillers per hill (25.75), grain yield (5.33 t/ha), straw yield (6.24 t/ha) with B:C ratio (2.09-2.11).
2 tables, 11 ref
HEMALATHA K, SINGH Y, KUMAR S
042954 HEMALATHA K, SINGH Y, KUMAR S (Agronomy Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, Email: kutikuppalahemalatha@gmail.com) : Leaf colour chart-based nitrogen and weed management impacts on weeds, yield and nutrient uptake in dry direct-seeded rice. Indian J Weed Sci 2020, 52(4), 318–21.
A field experiment was conducted during Kharif (rainy season) 2016 and 2017 in sandy clay loam soils of experimental field at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India to find out the effect of leaf colour chart-based nitrogen and weed management practices on nutrient uptake and yield of direct-seeded rice. Minimum weed index, nutrient content and uptake by weeds and maximum weed control efficiency, yield and nutrient content and uptake by grain and straw were observed with application of nitrogen leaf colour chart LCC < 5. Application of pyrazosulfuron 20 g/ha (PE) fb bispyribac 25 g/ha at 15-20 DAS recorded minimum weed index, nutrient content and uptake by weeds and maximum weed control efficiency, rice yield and nutrient content and uptake by rice grain and straw, which was comparable with two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS.
3 tables, 21 ref
MOHAPATRA S, TRIPATHY S K, MOHANTY A K
042953 MOHAPATRA S, TRIPATHY S K, MOHANTY A K (Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Chiplima -768 025, Odisha, Email: sanjukta.mohapatra34@gmail.com) : Herbicide combinations and nitrogen scheduling for weed management and yield improvement in transplanted rice. Indian J Weed Sci 2020, 52(4), 313–7.
Field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide mixtures and nitrogen application scheduling to control grasses, sedges and broad-leaved weeds in transplanted rice. Postemergence application of triafamone 20 % + ethoxysulfuron 10 % (ready-mix) 67.5 g/ha at 20 days after transplanting (DAT) was found comparable with two rounds of hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT in controlling all categories of weeds. Among different nitrogen application schedules, application of 25 % N at 10 DAT + 50 % N at active tillering (AT) + 25 % N at panicle initiation (PI) recorded higher weed control efficiency (73.4 %) and grain yield (6.3 t/ha) of rice as compared to the recommended schedule of 25 % N as basal + 50 % N at AT + 25 % N at PI (WCE of 66.9 % and grain yield of 5.7 t/ha). Triafamone 20 % + ethoxysulfuron 10 % (ready-mix) 67.5 g/ha at 20 DAT recorded 81.7 % WCE, improved crop growth and yield attributes and consequently increased grain yield (6.0 t/ha) as well as net return (69360 /ha) as compared to fenoxaprop-pethyl 9 EC 56.2 g/ha + ethoxysulfuron 15 WDG 18.7 g/ha (tank-mix) at 20 DAT. Tank-mix application of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + ethoxysulfuron caused yellowing of rice leaves although it disappeared within 20 days after application, whereas no such phytotoxicity was recorded under ready-mix application of triafamone + ethoxysulfuron.
4 tables, 20 ref
SIVAKUMAR C, TAMILSELVAN M P N, KRISHNAVENI A
042952 SIVAKUMAR C, TAMILSELVAN M P N, KRISHNAVENI A (Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Thiruvannamalai - 606 753, Tamil Nadu, Email: sivachi15@yahoo.co.in) : Chemical and non-chemical weed management effects on weed spectrum, yield and economics of direct-seeded rice in North-Western zone of Tamil Nadu. Indian J Weed Sci 2020, 52(4), 309–12.
Field experiments were conducted to study the chemical and non-chemical weed management on weed spectrum, yield and economics of direct-seeded rice (DSR) under lowland irrigated condition at Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Paiyur, Tamil Nadu, India in wet and dry seasons of 2013- 14 and 2014-15. The results revealed that application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 10 % WP at 20 g/ha at 3 DAS fb mechanical weeding with cono-weeder at 25 DAS recorded higher weed control efficiency (WCE) of 94 % and higher grain yield of 6.45 t/ha, gross income of 82669/-, net income of 48767/- with the benefit : cost ratio of 2.45. It recorded 56 % higher grain yield over weedy check and 14 % higher yield over pyrazosulfuron-ethyl. Hence, pre-emergence application (3 DAS) of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 10 % WP at 20 g/ha followed by mechanical (cono-weeder) at 25 DAS was effective for weed management in DSR.
4 tables, 11 ref
BANIK N C, KUMAR A , MOHAPATRA B K , KUMAR V, SREENIVAS C , SINGH S , PANNEERSELVAM P, KUMAR V
042951 BANIK N C, KUMAR A , MOHAPATRA B K , KUMAR V, SREENIVAS C , SINGH S , PANNEERSELVAM P, KUMAR V (International Rice Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, Email: n.banik@irri.org) : Weed management approaches in direct-seeded rice in eastern Indian ecologies – A critical and updated review. Indian J Weed Sci 2020, 52(1), 1–9.
Direct-seeded rice (DSR) is significant in modern day agriculture because it requires less water input (20 %) and labour (65-80 person-days/ha). Moreover, it enables farmers to establish rice early, which allows the crop stand more power to resist flush flood happening more frequently in the beginning of the monsoon. Direct-seeded rice produces at par or higher yield compared to manual transplanted rice but significantly higher yield (1.07 t/ha) compared to traditional manual broadcasted rice followed by beushening practice. It helps to increase system productivity by 0.25 t/ha, increase income by US$ 150/ha, reduce greenhouse gas emission (20 % GWP) besides instrumental in reducing straw burning and environmental footprints. Despite all these advantages, the DSR has not been adopted at large scale at farmers’ field in eastern India particularly in Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh. One of the most important reasons for this is heavy and diversified weed infestation in DSR which consequently reduces rice yields significantly. In the present review article, the authors have tried to compile relevant information on the weed management approaches in DSR with special reference to eastern Indian states. Detailed discussions on weed species based on their occurrence and infestation, critical period of weed competition and different methods of weed management in DSR in eastern Indian ecologies have been enlightened in this paper. It also includes that weed management options in DSR depend on many factors like land situation, soil condition, water status, planting geometry and resources availability; and therefore, one single method of weed management practices may not be sufficient to control all the flushes of diversified weeds. Integrated approach combining cultural, physical and chemical methods can provide a more robust control of weeds in DSR. Relevant data generated in Odisha representing eastern Indian ecologies have also been included herein to further enrich knowledge and skills regarding DSR productivity, in general and possible weed management options, in particular.
2 illus, 68 ref
CHAKRABARTY P K, KUMAR P, KALBANDE B B, CHAVHAN R L, KOUNDAL V, MONGA D, PAPPU H R, ROY A, MANDAL B
042933 CHAKRABARTY P K, KUMAR P, KALBANDE B B, CHAVHAN R L, KOUNDAL V, MONGA D, PAPPU H R, ROY A, MANDAL B (Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, Email: pranjibc@gmail.com) : Recombinant variants of cotton leaf curl Multan virus is associated with the breakdown of leaf curl resistance in cotton in northwestern India. Indian J Virol 2020, 31(1), 45–55.
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD), caused by a begomovirus species complex, is a major constraint to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production in northwestern India. During 2006 to 2010, a surveillance was conducted to monitor the spread of CLCuD in Haryana and Rajasthan. Six different field symptoms, upward curling, downward curling, enation, vein thickening, severe curling and mild curling were documented. Six isolates associated with these symptom types were tested positive in PCR to cotton leaf curl Rajasthan virus. The isolates were successfully transmitted through whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) at the rate up to 73.3 % to the resistant cotton cultivar, RS2013. All these six isolates were further characterised based on the complete nucleotide sequences of the viral genome and the associated betasatellites. These virus isolates shared highest sequence identity (86–99 %) with the cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) and the associated betasatellites also shared highest sequence identity (78–92 %) with cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB). Based on the sequence identity and phylogenetic analysis of the viral genome and betasatellite, these isolates were identified as variants of CLCuMuV. Recombination analysis revealed significant recombination events in these isolates with the other cotton infecting begomoviruses. The isolate, Mo-Raj2 has been identified as a resistant breaking strain having a major recombination in the coding regions of both viral genome and betasatellite. The natural occurrence of disease symptoms, transmission of the virus isolates through whitefly and complete genome analysis of the virus revealed the association of recombinant variant of CLCuMuV with the breakdown of resistance in cotton in Rajasthan and Haryana, the major cotton belt of India.
6 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref
GOVINDARAJ P
046374 GOVINDARAJ P (ICAR- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore- 641 007, Email: govindsbi1912@gmail.com) : SBIEC 14006 – A high biomass energycane for power, alcohol and paper industries. J Sugarcane Res 2020, 10(1), 100-6.
Six energycanes viz., SBIEC 14001, SBIEC 14002, SBIEC 14003, SBIEC 14004, SBIEC 14005 and SBIEC 14006 developed at ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute were evaluated along with a registered genetic stock SBIEC 11002 for biomass production under suboptimal management condition with limited irrigation and fertigation during 2013-14 and 2014-15 and under normal irrigation during 2015-16 (Plant crop) and 2016-17 (Ratoon crop). Among the six clones evaluated, SBIEC 14006, a selection from open pollinated fluff of Erianthus arundinaceus clone IK 76-75 was identified as promising clone based on high harvestable biomass and fibre content in cane. This clone recorded the highest mean harvestable biomass of 265.28 t/ha compared to the SBIEC 11002 (219.22) across four environments and showed 21.01 % improvement. The mean harvestable biomass yield under limited irrigation condition was 241.47 t/ha while under normal irrigation condition the yield was 289.08 t/ha. For fibre % cane also SBIEC 14006 recorded the highest value of 27.54 % compared to SBIEC 11002 (20.90 %). The clone recorded an average of 8.94 % juice brix and 4.72 % juice sucrose. It also recorded 2.18 cm cane diameter and 1.24 kg of single cane weight. Tall and non-lodging nature of canes makes the clone amenable for mechanical harvesting. This clone can be ratooned for at least 7-8 years hence no need for replanting every year. This promising clone is identified as an ideal energycane due to more biomass yield per unit area and requires low input, low production cost and low nutrient requirement which are the characteristics of energycanes.
2 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref
BALASUBRAMANIYAN M, MAHESH P, SRIKANTH J, SINGARAVELU B, PRATHAP D P, POTHIRAJA N
046373 BALASUBRAMANIYAN M, MAHESH P, SRIKANTH J, SINGARAVELU B, PRATHAP D P, POTHIRAJA N (ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore- 641007, Email: agrimahesh@gmail.com) : Infestation levels of sugarcane shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus in Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu, India. J Sugarcane Res 2020, 10(1), 94-9.
Status of sugarcane shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus Snellen (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the sugarcane command area of Pudukottai and Thanjavur districts lying in the Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu, India, was assessed in May and October during 2013-2015. Infestation levels of the borer varied among eight divisions of the command area, two seasons and three years. In May, mean infestation rate was the highest in Vallathirakottai division (44.32 %) and lowest in Andakulam division (37.86 %). In October, the highest mean infestation rate was observed in Avanam (37.99 %) and the lowest in Andakulam (25.49 %). Repeated measures ANOVA analysis indicated that mean shoot borer infestation rate was significantly higher (40.84 %) in May than in October (31.24 %). Also, mean infestation rate was significantly lower in 2013 than in 2015. The possible factors responsible for the observed variation are discussed.
2 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref
VISWANATHAN R, ASHWIN N M R
046372 VISWANATHAN R, ASHWIN N M R (ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore- 641 007, Email: rasaviswanathan@yahoo.co.in) : Brown spot of sugarcane: An emerging disease in South Western region in India. J Sugarcane Res 2020, 10(1), 87-93.
The foliar diseases like eye spot, brown spot, rust and others in sugarcane have been found to occur in specific season in a year or restricted to high humidity areas. However, deployment of susceptible varieties in a disease endemic regions aggravates its severity. During the last few years, we have witnessed severe outbreak of brown spot caused by Cercospora longipes E.J. Butler in parts of Karnataka and Maharashtra. Detailed studies were conducted to assess the disease scenario and its severity and mycological investigations on the associated pathogen. Among the different varieties under cultivation, the disease was found to occur only in the cv. CoM 0265 in the region affecting the crop productivity severely. Detailed histological studies revealed that C. longipes conidiophores fascicle emerged near the stomatal pores and each conidiophore fascicle ranged from 50-200 µm in diameter with a height of ~50-250 µm from the surface. Each fascicle had ~15-20 olive brown conidiophores arising from the stroma base. The conidia were hyaline, straight or slightly curved, broader at the base and a long tapering point with 5-8 septations and measured 40-70 x 3-7 µm size (length x width). Impact of minor diseases becoming major diseases and its impact to sugarcane is discussed
7 illus, 14 ref
BALAN S, VISWANATHAN R, CHERIAN K A
046371 BALAN S, VISWANATHAN R, CHERIAN K A (ICAR- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore- 641 007, Email: rasaviswanathan@yahoo.co.in) : Status of leaf fleck caused by Sugarcane bacilliform virus incidence and severity in different sugarcane growing areas of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. J Sugarcane Res 2020, 10(1), 74-86.
Sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV), causing leaf fleck in sugarcane (Saccharum spp), is a major threat affecting exchange of germplasm globally. Surveys conducted in four major sugarcane growing districts of Kerala and two in Tamil Nadu during 2018-2019 revealed that the disease incidences ranged between 12 and 51 % in Kerala and 28 and 56 % in Tamil Nadu. Symptoms associated with the disease include mild to severe mottling of the leaves, which were more prominent on leaf positions four to six. In Kerala, ratoon crop of the cv. Madhuri in Pathanamthitta district recorded the highest incidence (51 %) and severity (36 %) of leaf fleck. Least incidence (12 %) and severity (10 %) were recorded in Idukki district in the cv. Co 86032. Among the surveyed locations in Tamil Nadu, plant crop of cv. CoV 09356 in Villupuram district recorded the maximum percent of disease incidence (56 %) and severity (50.41%) followed by Radhapuram with an incidence of 55 % and severity of 43.75 %. Least incidence and severity were recorded in plant crop of cv. Co 86032 at Kuchipalayam (28 %). In comparison to Kerala, Tamil Nadu recorded higher incidences and severities of leaf fleck. PCR assays using primers specific to Badna viruses, confirmed the presence of the virus in collected samples. Detailed surveys conducted for leaf fleck for the first time under field conditions indicated severe occurrence of the disease in the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
3 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref
SALIN K P, SRIKANTH J, SINGARAVELU B, NIRMALA R
046370 SALIN K P, SRIKANTH J, SINGARAVELU B, NIRMALA R (ICAR- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore- 641 007, Email: kpsalin@hotmail.com) : Induced resistance and differential allocation of herbivore defensive chemicals: a case study with internode borer Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) in sugarcane. J Sugarcane Res 2020, 10(1), 63-73.
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a known resistance inducer molecule, when applied was found to give protection against the attack of internode borer (INB) Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in sugarcane to the extent of 86.67 % as against 73.33 % damage in control plants. Estimation of 12 phenolic compounds in leaf and stem tissues, following external application of 100 ppm MeJA, indicated wide variation with a 19-fold higher production in leaf than in stem tissue implying differential allocation of these chemicals within by the plant. Among all the phenolics, ferulic acid was expressed at the highest levels in both leaf and stem tissues. Such differential allocation of defensive chemicals is resorted to by the host plant to economize its resources by directing the chemicals to the site of initial attack, i.e. leaf tissue in the present case, rather than systemically deploying throughout the plant. From the observations, reduced INB attack and production of phenolics under the influence of MeJA, it is hypothesized that plant recognizes feeding by herbivores in their early stages and triggers differential production of defensive chemicals to target the early and vulnerable stage of the pest to limit losses.
2 illus, 5 tables, 40 ref
KARUPPAIYAN R, NAIR N V, RAM B, MOHANRAJ K, DURAI A A, AMUDHA P
046369 KARUPPAIYAN R, NAIR N V, RAM B, MOHANRAJ K, DURAI A A, AMUDHA P (ICAR- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore- 641 007, Email: karuppaiyan.r@icar.gov.in) : Evaluation of intra-specific hybrids of Saccharum officinarum for yield, quality and incidence of Yellow leaf disease. J Sugarcane Res 2020, 10(1), 54-62.
Improvement of parental clones of Saccharum officinarum L. through repeated cycles of intra-specific hybridization and selection was undertaken at ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Coimbatore during 1987 to 1996. Thirty one clones selected from six polycrosses involving 13 parental clones of S. officinarum constituted cycle 1 (C1) population. Intermating among fourteen C1 clones followed by selection resulted in identification of 33 clones in cycle 2 (C2) population. Fourteen clones selected in C2 and C1 were inter-crossed. From the progenies, 50 clones were selected to constitute cycle 3 (C3) population. As the original parental clones of S. officinarum had low number of millable canes (NMC) and poor cane yield, in each cycle of selection emphasis was given to select progenies with high NMC, single cane weight and cane yield. The C1, C2 and C3 population, totalling 114 (designated as population-improved S. officinarum clones or PIO clones) were evaluated at ICAR-SBI Research Centre, Agali during 2015-16 and 2016-17 for NMC, single cane weight, cane yield per plot, brix %, sucrose % in juice and resistance to yellow leaf disease (YLD). Generation-wise improvement in the targeted traits was estimated. Significant improvement in NMC /ha (37.18 per cent), single cane weight (16.67 per cent) and cane yield (61.51 per cent) was achieved in two cycles of selection. Ten YLD-free improved clones with acceptable agronomic traits were identified for further use. They are: PIO 94-847, PIO 94-875, PIO 99-633, PIO 00-513, PIO 00-547, PIO 00-638, PIO 00-757, PIO 00-769, PIO 00-772 and PIO 00-840. These improved PIO clones would serve as new parental gene pool in the interspecific hybridization programmes and for diversifying the genetic base of commercial sugarcane varieties.
5 tables, 12 ref
SWAPNA M, KAPUR R, KUMAR S, KUMAR D, SINGH J, SINGH P K, PANDEY D K, KUMAR S, SRIVASTAVA T K, SINGH D, PATHAK A D
046368 SWAPNA M, KAPUR R, KUMAR S, KUMAR D, SINGH J, SINGH P K, PANDEY D K, KUMAR S, SRIVASTAVA T K, SINGH D, PATHAK A D (ICAR- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow- 226 002, Email: sugarswapna@gmail.com) : CoLk 12209 (Ikshu-7): A new mid-late maturing sugarcane variety for north central and north east zone of sub-tropical India. J Sugarcane Res 2020, 10(1), 43-53.
Sugarcane improvement programmes in India have concentrated on development of improved varieties suited to the different locations. Along with the early maturing sugarcane varieties, mid-late maturing varieties facilitate a proper varietal planning for efficient and extended functioning of sugar mills. ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow has developed a mid-late maturing variety CoLk 12209 (Ikshu-7) for commercial cultivation in sugarcane growing states in the north central and north east zone. CoLk 12209 was tested in 6 locations in this zone along with three other test entries and was compared with the standard varieties viz., BO 91 and CoP 9301. The variety gave the best performance among all the genotypes tested, with an improvement of 15.5 % and 16.28 % in CCS yield and cane yield respectively, over the standard variety BO 91. This variety exhibited ‘Resistant’ to ‘Moderately Resistant’ reactions against the major diseases and is ‘Least Susceptible’ to the major insect pests. Ikshu-7 was identified for notification by the Varietal Release Committee of AICRP (Sugarcane) held at Bangalore during October 2018 and was notified for release in the zone, vide Gazette notification No. S.O.1498 (E) dated the 1st April 2019.
2 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref
SWAPNA M, KAPUR R, KUMAR S, KUMAR D, SINGH J, SINGH P K , PANDEY D K , KUMAR S, SRIVASTAVA T K, SINGH D, PATHAK A D
046367 SWAPNA M, KAPUR R, KUMAR S, KUMAR D, SINGH J, SINGH P K , PANDEY D K , KUMAR S, SRIVASTAVA T K, SINGH D, PATHAK A D (ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow- 226 002, Email: sugarswapna@gmail.com) : CoLk 12209 (Ikshu-7): A new mid-late maturing sugarcane variety for north central and north east zone of sub-tropical India. J Sugarcane Res 2020, 10(1), 43-53.
Sugarcane improvement programmes in India have concentrated on development of improved varieties suited to the different locations. Along with the early maturing sugarcane varieties, mid-late maturing varieties facilitate a proper varietal planning for efficient and extended functioning of sugar mills. ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow has developed a mid-late maturing variety CoLk 12209 (Ikshu-7) for commercial cultivation in sugarcane growing states in the north central and north east zone. CoLk 12209 was tested in 6 locations in this zone along with three other test entries and was compared with the standard varieties viz., BO 91 and CoP 9301. The variety gave the best performance among all the genotypes tested, with an improvement of 15.5 % and 16.28 % in CCS yield and cane yield respectively, over the standard variety BO 91. This variety exhibited ‘Resistant’ to ‘Moderately Resistant’ reactions against the major diseases and is ‘Least Susceptible’ to the major insect pests. Ikshu-7 was identified for notification by the Varietal Release Committee of AICRP (Sugarcane) held at Bangalore during October 2018 and was notified for release in the zone, vide Gazette notification No. S.O.1498 (E) dated the 1st April 201
2 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref
RAMBAL K
041094 RAMBAL K (Botany Dep, Maharishi Dayanand Coll of Arts, Science & Commerce, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, Email: Kavita.rambal@rediffmail.com) : Agricultural waste or wonder. Indian J Applied & Pure Bio 2020, 35(2), 283-7.
India is an agricultural country and its economy is dependent on agriculture. Advances in agricultural sciences, the green, golden and white revolution resulted in increase in the food production. India became self-sufficient and also started export of food and fruit. As a result of technological advancement along with the use of chemical fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides, India at present is capable of food production in huge quantities, so much so, we fall short of go downs now infrastructure for the same is being provided by the government. We have become self-sufficient at the cost of environmental pollution. One of the reasons being agricultural wastes which are generated as a result of agricultural operations. It is estimated that annually 600 million tons of agricultural waste is being produced which at places is being burnt, resulting in poor quality of air, agricultural wash off getting dumped into water bodies resulting in water pollution. Due to monoculture most of the soil is getting depleted of some of the essential nutrients. Besides the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides the soil is getting polluted. Is this way in real sense a waste or wonder ? As it can be reconverted into various useful products without harming the environment. In the present paper various ways to convert this waste into useful products without harming the environment will be discussed.
28 ref
DURAI A A, MAHADEVAIAH C, GOPINATH K
046366 DURAI A A, MAHADEVAIAH C, GOPINATH K (Crop Improvement Dep, ICAR- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore- 641 007, Email: ayyadu@gmail.com) : Identification of early and mid-late maturing sugarcane varieties for western region of Tamil Nadu. J Sugarcane Res 2020, 10(1), 32-42.
Field experiments were conducted during 2016-17 and 2017-18 crop seasons with twenty test clones viz., Co 0238, Co 0240, Co 06031, Co 09004, Co 11015, Co 13001, Co 13003, Co 13006, Co 13014, Co 13018, Co 13020, Co 13021, Co 14008, Co 14016, Co 14026, Co 15005, Co 15007, Co 15021, Co 16001 and Co 16002 along with three standards viz., Co 86032, Co 0212 and Co 06030 at Ponni Sugar Ltd, Odapalley. On the basis of pooled mean of two plant crop trials and a ratoon trial, clones such as Co 09004, Co 11015, Co 16002 and Co 13001 were identified as early high sucrose clones suitable for early crushing. These clones may be used as potential donors in the hybridization programme for transferring extra earliness and high sucrose trait in high yielding commercial varieties. Based on juice quality characteristics at 300 days and 360 days Co 15007 was identified as mid-late maturing clones. The ratoon performance of Co 14016 was excellent. Co 14016 which recorded significantly higher cane yield (184.72 t/ha) and sugar yield (23.17 t/ha) than the standard Co 86032 (134.02 and 17.73 t/ha respectively) may be used as a parental source for crossing with extra early maturing varieties to improve cane yield and ratoon performance. On the basis of the cane yield and sugar yield at harvest, Co 13014 and Co 15007 were found better than Co 86032. Based on the juice quality traits, Co 15005 and Co 15007 were identified as typical mid-late clones. The variety Co 11015 registered 6.79, 7.56 and 7.02 per cent improvement in sucrose % at 240, 300 and 360 DAP, respectively over Co 86032 which is a remarkable improvement in sugarcane. The mean CCS yield (19.27 t/ha) of Co 11015 was at par with that of the standard Co 86032 (20.54). Therefore, large scale cultivation of this extra early high sugar variety Co 11015 in the north-western region of Tamil Nadu is suggested for improving sugar recovery and profit of the farmers.
6 tables, 22 ref
HEMAPRABHA G , MOHANRAJ K, ALARMELU S, RAM B
046365 HEMAPRABHA G , MOHANRAJ K, ALARMELU S, RAM B (ICAR- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, Email: mohangene@yahoo.com) : Assessment of breeding methods and parental value of Co canes developed during 1918 - 2017. J Sugarcane Res 2020, 10(1), 24-31.
The performance of 1454 Co canes developed during 1918 to 2017 spanning one hundred years was assessed for nine contributing characters of cane yield and juice quality to identify the best and poorest Co canes and their parentages examined to assess the relative merit of different breeding methods adopted for their development as well as the parents responsible for their development. The study identified trait specific superior and inferior Co canes as well as Co canes superior for multiple traits. All quality traits and cane yield parameters, other than number of millable canes had a preponderance of recent selections under the best group, indicating that the genetic gain achieved in a century of breeding has been substantial. The biparental crosses accounting to 89.79 % of total Co canes is the best breeding method and highlighted the importance of specific combining ability in sugarcane improvement. On the contrary, only eleven female parents and 17 male parents bred more than 50 % of the best Co canes indicated the relevance of general combining ability, thus demonstrating the importance of both additive and non-additive variances in sugarcane. A fair number of proven parents and crosses for specific traits as well as for simultaneous enhancement of multitraits were identified offering the breeder an option to choose the parental combinations guided by the per se performance as well as their breeding value. The genetic gain achieved is being sustained with the addition of novel parental clones of diverse genetic background.
3 tables, 16 ref
VALARMATHI R, SWAMY H K M, PREETHI K, NARAYAN J A, APPUNU C, RAHMAN H
046364 VALARMATHI R, SWAMY H K M, PREETHI K, NARAYAN J A, APPUNU C, RAHMAN H (ICAR- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore- 641 007, Email: valarmathi.r@icar.gov.in) : Characterization and in silico analyses of RTCS gene from sugarcane encoding LOB protein family of transcription factors: A key regulator of shoot-borne root initiation. J Sugarcane Res 2020, 10(1), 12-23.
RTCS (Rootless concerning Crown and Seminal roots) is a member of the plant-specific LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) domain (LBD) protein family of transcription factors. The RTCS gene has been identified as a key regulator of shoot borne root initiation in maize. In this study an attempt has been made to characterize RTCS from a wild related genus of sugarcane Erianthus arundinaceus and compared to the RTCS gene isolated from commercial sugarcane hybrid genotypes. The candidate gene has been successfully isolated from two genotypes of E. arundinaceus (SES 288 and IND 04- 1335: EaRTCS) and two commercial sugarcane hybrid genotypes (Co 775 and Co 86032: ShRTCS). The isolated RTCS full length gene showed significant variation between EaRTCS and ShRTCS at the DNA and protein level. The RTCS amino acid sequence of all the four genotypes indicated the presence of the characteristic structural features of LBD proteins such as a C-motif, LOB domain sequence and leucine zipper-like dimerization domain. Prediction and analysis of secondary structure of RTCS protein in SES 288 and IND 04-1335 showed the presence of 65% alpha helix, 1 % β strand and 38 % disorder, while sugarcane commercial genotypes showed 58 % alpha helix, 1 % β strand and 47 % disorder. Both the sequences of EaRTCS and ShRTCS was found to be closely related to Zea mays RTCS.
5 illus, 31 ref
CLARANCIAA P S, NAVEENARANIA M, VALARMATHIA R, SURESHAA G S, HEMAPRABHAA G, RAM B, APPUNUA C
046363 CLARANCIAA P S, NAVEENARANIA M, VALARMATHIA R, SURESHAA G S, HEMAPRABHAA G, RAM B, APPUNUA C (ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore- 641 007, Email: cappunu@gmail.com) : Isolation, characterization and expression analysis of novel water deficit stressresponsive DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) gene from drought-tolerant Erianthus arundinaceus. J Sugarcane Res 2020, 10(1), 1-11.
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important food, fodder and energy crop in India. Its production and productivity are mainly constrained due to water deficit stress during different growth stages. Of the root system architecture traits, deep rooting helps plants to avoid drought-induced stress by foraging moisture from deeper layers of soil. Hence, in this study, a novel drought-responsive DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) gene cloned from drought-tolerant Erianthus arundinaceus was characterized. The open reading frame of this gene is 765 bp that encodes for a single polypeptide of 254 amino acids. In silico analysis of DRO1 protein using bioinformatics tools revealed its size of 28.91 kDa with theoretical pI 5.39, instability index 67.57, aliphatic index 69.92 and GRAVY of -0.86. Subcellular localization by LocTree3 tool suggested that DRO1 protein expression is localized in the nucleus. The phylogenetic tree exhibited that DRO1 from Erianthus arundinaceus is closely associated with that of Sorghum bicolor and Triticum aestivum. Protein interaction network analysis showed DRO1 association with WOX11, which promotes the development of crown roots and ARL1 (Adventitious rootless1) required for adventitious root formation. Quantitative gene expression analysis indicated that the DRO1 gene is differentially upregulated in root tissue of E. arundinaceus and Saccharum spp. commercial hybrid under water deficit stress conditions. EaDRO1 gene can be a novel source for developing drought stress tolerant genotypes through genetic engineering approach.
4 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref
BEESANAKOPPA S, SAINI K, SINGH T, SHARMA S
041059 BEESANAKOPPA S, SAINI K, SINGH T, SHARMA S (Agronomy Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab - 141 004, Email: sanjay-agr@pau.edu) : Influence of seed priming and spacing on yield, seed quality and soil health of spring groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 226-30.
A field experiment was conducted during spring season of 2018 and 2019 at Ludhiana, to study the effect of seed priming on seed quality and soil health of spring groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) raised under different spacings. The experiment consisted of 18 treatment combinations with 3 spacing, viz. 22.5 cm × 20 cm, 30 cm × 15 cm and 45 cm × 10 cm and 6 seed-priming treatments, viz. consortium bio-fertilizer, cow urine, vermicompost, vermiwash, consortium bio-fertilizer + cow urine + vermicompost + vermiwash and control (non-primed seeds). The treatments were replicated 4 times in a split-plot design. The highest pod yield, kernel yield, oil yield and protein yield (4.72, 3.07, 1.52 and 0.8 t/ha respectively) of spring groundnut were reported under the spacing 22.5 × 20 cm. The consortium bio-fertilizer seed primed spring groundnut recorded higher field emergence, 100-kernel weight and significantly higher pod yield, kernel yield, oil yield and protein yield. The soil-enzymatic activity and its nutrient status were non-significantly associated with both seed priming and spacing. All interactional effects were found to be non-significant.
3 tables, 25 ref
SINGH D, SINHA S
044841 SINGH D, SINHA S (Horticulture Dep, Bihar Agricultural Univ, Bhagalpur- 813 210, Bihar, Email: singh.bablysweta@gmail.com) : Variability and character association studies in Hybrid Tea rose under open conditions of hilly regions of Uttarakhand. J Ornam Hortic 2020, 23(1), 80-4.
A study was conducted to assess the variability and to establish the correlations among the important quantitative characters in the Hybrid Tea rose under open conditions in hilly regions of Uttarakhand. Five cultivars of HT rose viz., Moonstone (white), Golden Gate (yellow), Cherry Parfait (Pink), Montezuma (Orange) and Bordeaux Red) were used to estimate the magnitude and nature of variation along with finding out correlations among important quantitative traits. It was observed that the estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the ten characters under consideration indicating higher degree of environmental analysis. All the quantitative traits had a significant correlation (genotypic and phenotypic) coefficient with flower yield except flower bud diameter. The performance indicated desirable association of flower yield with existing agro-climatic condition of hilly regions of Uttarakhand.
1 table, 8 ref
RAJEMAHADIK V A, SHETYE V N, CHAVAN V G, CHAVAN S A, MAHADKAR U A
041058 RAJEMAHADIK V A, SHETYE V N, CHAVAN V G, CHAVAN S A, MAHADKAR U A (Agronomy Dep, Dr Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra - 415 712, Email: rajedbskkv@gmail.com) : Response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) to different irrigation and fertilizer application methods under zero-tilled condition of south Konkan coastal zone of Maharashtra. Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 220-5.
A field experiment was conducted for 3 consecutive years from 2011–12 to 2013–14 at Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, to assess the effect of irrigation and levels of fertilizer application on zero-tilled cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)]. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. The main plot treatments comprised 3 irrigation levels, viz. no irrigation (I0), 1 irrigation at branching (I1) and 2 irrigations at branching and pod filling stage (I2). The subplot treatments comprised 6 fertilizer levels, viz. no fertilizer (F0), 25 % recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) below seed placement (F1), 50 % RDF below seed placement (F2), 75 % RDF below seed placement (F3), 100 % RDF below seed placement (F4) and 100 % RDF through line application (F5). The soil of the experimental plot was uniform, leveled and well drained. It was sandy clay loam, medium in available nitrogen (298.20 kg/ha), low in available phosphorus (11.80 kg/ha), moderately high in available potassium (249.35 kg/ha), high in organic carbon (0.95 %) and slightly acidic in reaction. Statistical inferences revealed that application of 2 irrigations (at branching and pod-filling stage) recorded significantly higher growth as well as yield attributes, resulting in higher grain and stover yields followed by the treatment with 1 irrigation (at branching) and control treatment. Application of 100 % RDF below seed placement recorded significantly higher growth as well as yield attributes, resulting in higher grain and stover yields followed by 100 % RDF through line application and 75 % RDF below seed placement over rest of the treatments. Among the different irrigation treatments, application of irrigation at branching and pod-filling stage (`25.5×103/ha) under zero-tilled condition along with 100 % recommended dose of fertilizer resulted in significantly higher net returns resulted in (`23.4 × 103/ha) over the control treatment, i.e. F0. The highest benefit: cost ratio was recorded under application of 2 irrigations at branching and pod-filling stage (1.57) along with 100 % recommended dose of fertilizer (1.50) which was significantly greater over the control treatment, i.e. F0, where fertilizer were not applied during experimentation.
3 tables, 16 ref
LOHAR A, GANTAIT S S
044840 LOHAR A, GANTAIT S S (Floriculture Dep, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar- 736 165, West Bengal, Email: ssgflori@gmail.com) : Corm reserve composition during dormancy, sprouting and early plant development of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.). J Ornam Hortic 2020, 23(1), 74-9.
The changes in corm reserve composition during dormancy, sprouting and early plant development were analysed in four varieties of gladiolus viz., Red Ginger, Little Prince, Sunset Jubilee and Pacifica. The results showed that starch and total lipid content of gladiolus corms were increased to 2.62 and 1.08 mg g–1 f.w., respectively during sprouting stage and after that declined in regardless of varieties. While protein content decreased during sprouting of corms (1.76mg g–1 f.w.) and then increased during early plant development (2.20 mg g–1 f.w.). Total phenol content was increased progressively from dormant (10.06 mg g–1 f.w.) to early plant development stage (14.43 mg g–1 f.w.). The results of the study highlighted the potential of these gladiolus species (corms) has been established, based on the synthesis and accumulation pattern of bioactive constituents during sprouting and early plant development of gladiolus corm.
1 illus, 1 table, 19 ref
DHILLON B S, UPPAL R S
041057 DHILLON B S, UPPAL R S (Agronomy Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab - 141 004, Email: balwinderdhillon.pau@gmail.com) : Effect of sowing time and cutting - management on growth, productivity and economics of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 214-9.
An experiment was carried out during the winter season of 2015–16 and 2016–17 at Ludhiana, Punjab, to study the performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as influenced by sowing time and different cutting-management practices. Crop sown on 15 October had the maximum plant height, dry-matter accumulation and tiller density throughout the life span of crop as compared to the other 2 sowing dates i.e. 30 October and 15 November. This date also resulted in significantly higher grain yield and fodder yield than the other 2 sowing dates. Fodder cutting at 50 days after sowing (DAS) provided at par grain yield with no-cutting treatment during both the years. Though fodder cutting at 60 DAS resulted in more green fodder (40.5 to 41.8 %) than 50 DAS, significant reduction in grain yield (20.6–22.7 %) was recorded in both the years. Economically, crop sown on 15 October produced significantly higher gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost (B: C) ratio than the other 2 sowing dates. However, fodder cut at 60 DAS + N15 gave significantly higher gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost ratio as compared to the other treatments.
5 tables, 7 ref
DHILLON B S, RAM H
041056 DHILLON B S, RAM H (Agronomy Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab - 141 004, Email: balwinderdhillon.pau@gmail.com) : Agroclimatic indices and yield of barley (Hordium vulgare) under different cutting management and sowing dates. Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 209-13.
A field study was conducted to know the effect of cutting management on different agroclimatic indices and yield of barley (Hordium vulgare L.) in relation to sowing time during the winter (rabi) season of 2015–16 and 2016–17 at Ludhiana, Punjab. Results revealed that delay in sowing caused significant reduction in fodder, biological and grain yields of barley probably due to significant reduction in accumulated growing degree-days (GDD), heliothermal units (HTU) and photothermal units (PTU). The crop sown on 15 November resulted in 33.8 and 15.2 % higher phenothermal index (PTI) at heading and 16.9 and 8.72 % at physiological maturity, as compared to the crop sown on 15 October and 30 October, respectively. Among cutting management, the highest GDD, HTU, PTU, PTI for attainment of booting, heading and physiological maturity was recorded in fodder cut at 60 DAS (both with and without N application) than cut at 50 DAS and un-cut. Application of additional dose of 15 kg N/ha fodder cut at 50 and 60 DAS resulted the higher GDD, HTU, PTU, PTI than fodder cut at 50 and at 60 DAS without N application for attainment of heading and physiological maturity. The crop without fodder cutting and that cut at 50 DAS gave similar grain and biological yields and significantly higher than the other cutting treatments. Fodder cut at 60 DAS gave higher yield but at the cost of 9.43–18.3 % reduction in grain yield than the crop cut at 50 DAS.
2 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref
SHABNAM, DHIMAN S R, SHARMA P, KASHYAP B, KUMARI S
044839 SHABNAM, DHIMAN S R, SHARMA P, KASHYAP B, KUMARI S (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Dep, Dr. Y.S. Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni- 173 230, Solan, Email: barwalshabnam@gmail.com) : Evaluation of newly evolved genotypes of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) for loose flower production. J Ornam Hortic 2020, 23(1), 61-73.
An experiment on "evaluation of newly evolved genotypes of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) for loose flower production" was conducted to evaluate 23 genotypes of chrysanthemum including 'Surf' as a standard check for the experiment. Among all the genotypes, 'UHFSChr 132' bearing purple (75 A) colour and double type large flower (5.01 cm diameter). This genotype is having profuse flowering habit (435.93 number of flowers per plant) with average weight of 702.54 g of flowers per plant and yield is about 6322.83 g/m2. It has longer flowering duration (38.53 days) with shelf life of 3.27 days. Whereas the control (Surf) exhibited flower diameter of 6.40 cm, flower weight per plant (700.63 g), yield 6305.700g/m2 with maximum shelf life of 4.47 days. It was followed by 'UHFSChr 117' (bearing flowers with yellow (12 A) colour, double type flower, diameter (3.51 cm), number of flowers per plant (408.33), weight of flowers per plant (657.11 g), yield/m2 (5913.990 g), duration of flowering (26.6 days) shelf life of 4.6 days), 'UHFSChr 122' (bearing greyed orange (163 B) coloured semi-double type flower, diameter (3.48 cm), number of flowers per plant (350.47), weight of flowers per plant (636.64 g), yield/m2 (5729.790g), flowering duration (114.13 days) with shelf life of 3 days) and 'UHFSChr 113' (bearing greyed orange (171 A) coloured intermediate incurve type of flower (5.02 cm diameter), number of flowers per plant (235.67), weight of flowers per plant (486.94 g), yield/m2 (4382.460 g), duration of flowering (117.73 days), shelf life of 2 days), were observed to be the best genotypes for the loose flower production.
2 tables, 25 ref
DHANASEKARAN D, RAMYA K, KUMAR S R, SATHAPPAN C T
044838 DHANASEKARAN D, RAMYA K, KUMAR S R, SATHAPPAN C T (Horticulture Dep, Annamalai Univ, Tamil Nadu, Email: dhansflora@gmail.com) : Optimization of media and nutrition for foliage plants grown under modular vertical green walls. J Ornam Hortic 2020, 23(1), 51-60.
An investigation was carried out to study the performance of various media and nutrients for three foliage plants viz., arrow head plant (Syngonium podophyllum), boat lily (Tradescantia spathacea) and spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum) grown under modular vertical green walls. The experiment comprised of four media viz., coco peat, Greenosil, perlite and vermiculite and their combinations and two nutrients viz., foliar nutrition (NPK 19:19:19 and @ 1% twice (30 and 90 days after planting) and fertilizer stick (Greenstix sticks were inserted to the modular containers @ one per container at 30 and 90 days after planting). Results revealed that, among the media, plants grown under vermiculite showed better performance in exhibiting maximum values for plant height, leaf area, shoot weight, root weight and visual quality in all the three foliage ornamentals. However, among the nutrients, those plants inserted with fertilizer stick (N2) recorded highest for plant height, leaf area, shoot weight, root weight and visual quality in arrow head plant and spider plant. However, maximum values for plant height, leaf area, shoot weight and visual quality in boat lily were recorded under the treatment N1 (Foliar nutrient) except root weight. The interaction between media and nutrients was significant and plants grown under vermiculite and containers inserted with fertilizer stick showed superior performance w.r.t. all the characters in arrow head plant and spider plant, whereas, in boat lily, plants grown under vermiculite and plants sprayed with foliar nutrients showed better results.
3 tables, 23 ref
IDNANI L K
041055 IDNANI L K (Agronomy Dep, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, Email: lkidnani@yahoo.com) : Response of late-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum) to limited irrigation, seed rate and depth of sowing. Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 203-8.
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2014–15 and 2015–16 at New Delhi, to study the effect of limited irrigation, seed rate and depth of sowing on growth, yield, water-use parameters and economics of late-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment comprised 3 factors, viz. 3 irrigation levels [(I1, irrigation at crown-root initation (CRI) stage; I2, irrigation at CRI stage + 0.2 irrigation water: cumulative pan evaporation (IW : CPE) ratio; and I3, irrigation at CRI stage + 0.4 IW : CPE ratio), 3 seed rates (S1, 75; S2 , 100 and S2, 125 kg/ha) and 2 depths of sowings (D1, 5 cm and D2 , 10 cm). The field experiment comprising 18 treatment combinations, replicated thrice, was laid out in strip-plot design. Interactions between irrigation levels and seed rates, and irrigation levels and depths of sowing for grain yield were significant during 2014–15. Irrigation levels, seed rates and depths of sowing also significantly affected plant height, yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. Irrigation at CRI stage + 0.4 IW : CPE ratio resulted in significantly the highest plant height (86.3 cm), effective tillers/m2 (407.82), spike length (14.40 cm), spikelets/spike (17.43), grains/spike (44.20), grain weight/spike (2.05 g), 1,000-grain weight (48.95 g), grain yield (4.22 and 3.75 t/ha during 2014–15 and 2015–16) and harvest index (0.497 and 0.477 during respective season). Seed rate of 125 kg/ha resulted in significantly the highest plant height (82.7 cm), effective tillers/m2 (416.66), spike length (14.62 cm), spikelets/spike (17.53), grains/ spike (40.20), grain weight/spike (2.06 g), 1,000-grain weight (47.80 g), grain yield (3.63 t/ha during 2015–16) and harvest index (0.496 and 0.456 during respective year). Sowing depth of 10 cm resulted in significantly the highest plant height (82.2 cm), effective tillers/m2 (382.64), spike length (13.94 cm), spikelets/spike (16.44), grains/spike (38.21), grain weight/spike (1.90 g), 1,000-grain weight (46.24 g), grain yield (3.95 and 3.49 t/ha during both the years) and harvest index (0.456 and 0.443 during both the years).
6 tables, 9 ref
RAGHUPATHI B, GANTAIT S S
044837 RAGHUPATHI B, GANTAIT S S (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur- 741 252, West Bengal, Email: ssgflori@gmail.com) : Standardization of press drying techniques for retention of colour and related attributes of flowers. J Ornam Hortic 2020, 23(1), 41-50.
Press drying is a very important method used to preserve the flowers and leaves for preparing value added products like greetings cards, pictures, photo frames and stationery etc. The study was undertaken with an objective to standardize the press drying techniques for drying of some flowers. Experiment was laid out for 10 different flowers separately in CRD with five replications and eight treatments. From the results of the experiment, it can be concluded that wooden press drying found best technique for press drying of Celosia argentea flowers. Iron press drying found excellent technique for Viola tricolour and Phlox drummondii flowers. Tiles pressed in microwave oven (720 micro power) for one min found finest technique for press drying of Cosmos bipinnatus and Salvia splendens flowers, 1.5 min found suitable for Tagetes patula flowers, 2 min found suitable for Zinnia elegans and 2.5 min found appropriate for Rosa spp. flowers. Tiles pressed in hot air oven (temp. 45 °C) for 30 hrs found ideal for Dendranthema grandiflora flowers. Both iron press drying and tiles pressed in microwave oven for 2 min found best suitable technique for press drying of Gomphrena globosa flowers.
10 tables, 19 ref
SATAPATHY B S, SAHA S, MUNDA S
041053 SATAPATHY B S, SAHA S, MUNDA S (ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha - 753 006, Email: ssahacrri@gmai.com) : Evaluation of herbicide mixtures for broad-spectrum weed control and yield in transplanted summer rice (Oryza sativa). Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 192-7.
An experiment was conducted during the summer seasons of 2018 and 2019 at Cuttack, Odisha, to compare the efficacy of new formulation of penoxsulam 1.02 % + cyhalofop-butyl 5.1 % in different application rate with the existing ready-mix formulation of penoxsulam 1.02 % + cyhalofop-butyl 5.1 % (Vivaya). The composition of weed flora showed more prevalence of grasses viz. (43.3 %) followed by sedges (29.4 %) and broad-leaf weeds (27.3 %). Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees was the most dominant weed (19.6 %). Penoxsulam 1.02 % + cyhalofop-butyl 5.1 % (135 g/ha) at 15 days after transplanting (DAT) registered effective control of broad-spectrum of weeds. The new formulation and Vivaya were found at par in terms of reduction in weed density and biomass. There were no significant difference between two doses of formulation (120 and 135 g/ha) in controlling weeds. Crop-weed competition in weedy plot reduced the grain yield of rice to the tune of 32.2 %. Post-emergence application of penoxsulam 1.02 % + cyhalofop-butyl 5.1 % (135g/ha) at 15 DAT resulted in increased grain yield by 32.1 % over the weedy check and it was at par with the existing ready-mix formulation. The new formulation has no phyto-toxicity to rice crop. Thus, post-emergence application of ready-mix penoxsulam + cyhalofop-butyl at 135 g/ha could be recommended as an alternative to conventional manual weeding for broad-spectrum weed control in transplanted rice fields.
3 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref
PANWAR S, SINGH K P, JAIN R, JANAKIRAM T, KUMAR P, NAMITA
044836 PANWAR S, SINGH K P, JAIN R, JANAKIRAM T, KUMAR P, NAMITA (Floriculture and Landscaping Dep, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110 012, Email: sapna.panwar8@gmail.com) : Standardization of different packaging materials and storage conditions for enhancing shelf life of loose flowers of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). J Ornam Hortic 2020, 23(1), 36-40.
An experiment was conducted to standardize packaging materials and storage conditions for enhancing shelf life of loose flowers of African marigold variety Pusa Narangi Gainda. The different packaging materials comprising of seven treatments namely gunny bags, nylon bags, muslin cloth bags, 200 gauge polythene bags, 200 gauge polythene bags (perforated), brown paper bags and brown paper bags (perforated). The experiment was performed under ambient and cold storage conditions (6 °C). It was revealed from the studies that there was continuous decrease in fresh weight of flowers with the advancement of experimental days in all the treatments and flowers retained more freshness under cold storage conditions as compared to ambient conditions. On 3rd day of experiment under ambient conditions, the minimum reduction in fresh flower weight was recorded in 200 gauge polythene bags (0.87 %) followed by 200 gauge polythene bags-perforated (6.87 %). The maximum reduction in fresh flower weight was observed in nylon bags (18.80 %). The experiment was concluded on 5th day in which only three treatments namely nylon bags, muslin cloth bags and gunny bags continued while the remaining treatments were infected with fungal infection. The maximum reduction in fresh flower weight was observed in nylon bags (52.66 %) under ambient conditions. However, the best results were observed under cold storage conditions and it was revealed that the on 12th day of experiment the minimum reduction in fresh flower weight with marketable flowers was recorded in 200 gauge polythene bags (1.98 %) and maximum reduction in fresh flower weight in muslin cloth bags (21.77 %). It was concluded from the experiment that marigold flowers packed in polythene bags (200 gauge) stored at 6°C temperature was the best treatment for enhancing shelf life of loose flowers of marigold variety Pusa Narangi Gainda.
2 tables, 9 ref
KUMAR R, MISHRA J S, KUMAR S, BHATT B P, SRIVASTAVA, A K SINGH S
041052 KUMAR R, MISHRA J S, KUMAR S, BHATT B P, SRIVASTAVA, A K SINGH S (Crop Research Div, ICAR - Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar - 800 014, Email: rakeshbhu08@gmail.com) : Effect of varying levels of nitrogen on production, economics and energy-use efficiency of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes under upland rainfed ecosystem of Bihar. Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 185-91.
A field investigation was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2016 and 2017 on clay-loam soil of upland rainfed ecosystem of Bihar, to evaluate the performance of 7 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes (‘Swarna Shreya’, ‘IR 84899-B-179-13-1-1-1’, ‘IR 83929-B-B-291-2-1-1-2’, ‘IR 84887-B-158-7-1-1-4’, ‘IR 84899-B-183-20-1-1-1’, ‘IR 84894-143-CRA-17-1’ and ‘Rajendra Bhagwati’) under 4 levels of nitrogen application, i.e. control, 50 % recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN, 60 kg N/ha), RDN (120 kg N/ha) and 150 % RDN (180 kg N/ha). Results revealed that increasing levels of nitrogen increased yield attributes and economics of direct-seeded rice genotypes. Among the nitrogen levels significantly higher grain yields (2.90 t/ha) and net returns (`27×103 /ha) were recorded with application of 180 kg N/ha. Application of 150 % RDN increased the grain yield by 84.7 % over the control and 43.6 % over the RDN. Crop productivity (25.7 kg/ha/day), dry-matter efficiency (67.5 kg/ha/day) and economic efficiency (`236/ha/day) were also higher with 180 kg N/ha. Among genotypes, significantly higher grain yield and net returns were shown by ‘Swarna Shreya’ (2.54 t/ha and `44.6×103 /ha, respectively) but it was on a par with ‘IR 84899-B-179-13-1-1-1’ (2.43 t/ha and `43 × 103/ha) and ‘IR 83929-B-B-291-2-1-1-2’ (2.41 t/ha and `42.3 × 103/ ha). Crop productivity (22.1 kg/ha/day), dry-matter efficiency (64 kg/ha/day) and economic efficiency (`204 ha/day) were higher with ‘Swarna Shreya’. Carbohydrate-equivalent yields (2.27 t/ha) and carbon output (3.40 t CO2 eq./ ha) were significantly higher with application of 180 kg N/ha. Across the genotypes, ‘Swarna Shreya’ had significantly higher carbohydrate-equivalent yields (1.99 t/ha) and carbon output (3.25 t CO2 eq./ha), but statistically similar to ‘IR 84899-B-179-13-1-1-1’ and ‘IR 83929-B-B-291-2-1-1-2’. Gross energy output (102.4 × 103MJ/ha), net energy returns (74.2 × 103MJ/ha), energy intensity in physical terms (3.68 MJ/kg), energy intensity in economic terms (4.48 MJ/`) and energy-output efficiency (844 MJ/ha/day) were higher with 180 kg N/ha. However, energy profitability and energy productivity showed higher with preceding levels of N. ‘Swarna Shreya’ had higher gross energy output (97.3 × 103MJ/ha), net energy output (74.7 × 103MJ/ha), energy ratio (4.31), energy profitability (3.31), energy productivity (0.327 kg/MJ/ha), energy intensity in physical terms (3.11MJ/kg), energy intensity in economic terms (4.55 MJ/`) and energy output efficiency (844 MJ/ha/day). Thus, growing of ‘Swarna Shreya’ and advanced breeding line ‘IR 84899-B-179-13-1-1-1’ along with application of 180 kg N/ha is an ideal approach to achieve the optimum crop productivity, monetary returns and energy-use efficiency of direct-seeded rice under the upland rainfed agro-ecosystem of Bihar.
2 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref
SHABNAM, DHIMAN S R, SHARMA P, KASHYAP B, KUMARI S
044835 SHABNAM, DHIMAN S R, SHARMA P, KASHYAP B, KUMARI S (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Dep, Dr. Y.S. Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni- 173 230, Solan, Email: barwalshabnam@gmail.com) : Evaluation of newly developed genotypes of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) for cut flower production. J Ornam Hortic 2020, 23(1), 27-35.
An experiment on "evaluation of newly developed genotypes of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) for cut flower production" was conducted in Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. For cut flower production 23 genotypes were evaluated. Genotype 'UHFSChr 124' with medium plant height (72.49 cm), bigger flower diameter (10.48 cm), white coloured (155 B) flower, flowered in 168.80 days. The duration of flowering (38.47 days) and vase life (16.20 days) was also found to be maximum. The genotype 'UHFSChr 123' having medium plant height (84.99 cm), medium flower diameter(5.64 cm), yellow coloured (9 A) flowers, flowered in 152.73 days with 26.53 days of flowering duration and vase life of 13.33 days. The yellow and white coloured chrysanthemum has more acceptance in the market. Therefore, the genotype 'UHFSChr 124' and 'UHFSChr 123' has a potential to find place in the market for the cut flower production.
2 tables, 25 ref
KUMAR R, SINGH A K
044834 KUMAR R, SINGH A K (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Dep, Banda Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Banda- 210 001, Uttar Pradesh, Email: rakeshkashav53@gmail.com) : Evaluation and variability studies in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) under Bundelkhand conditions. J Ornam Hortic 2020, 23(1), 20-6.
An experiment was carried out to evaluate twelve varieties of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) for economically important traits under Bundelkhand conditions of Uttar Pradesh during the year 2016-17. Results revealed that variety Snow Princess took minimum days to spike emergence (88.67 days) and opening of first floret (107.33 days). Plant height (102.65 cm), spike length (68.10 cm) and rachis length (52.27 cm) also recorded maximum in Snow Princess. Number of florets per spike was found maximum in Nicole (15.47) whereas floret size was recorded maximum in Fidelio (10.70 cm). General mean was found maximum for days taken to opening of first floret (110.33). Moderate values for PCV and GCV were recorded in rachis length (19.97 and 15.90). However, maximum heritability value was recorded in floret size (78.96 %).
3 tables, 29 ref
KEERTI, REDDY B G M, DESAI B K, UMESH M R, VISHWANATH J, HURALI S, RAJKUMAR R H
041050 KEERTI, REDDY B G M, DESAI B K, UMESH M R, VISHWANATH J, HURALI S, RAJKUMAR R H (Agronomy Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Raichur, Karnataka - 583 227, Email: keertiprevankar@gmail.com) : Determination of nutrient uptake and nutrient-use efficiency of drip-irrigated direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes at different fertigation schedules. Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 175-9.
A field experiment was conducted at Gangavathi, Karnataka, during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017 and 2018, to know the response of genotypes to nutrient management under drip irrigation in dry direct-seeded rice. The pooled mean of 2 years indicated that, drip fertigation with water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer (WSNF) in 8 splits at 10 days interval recorded 23 % higher grain (5,197 kg/ha) and 20 % higher straw yield (5,637 kg/ha) than soil application with 100 % NPK fertilizer. ‘GNV 10-89’ variety recorded higher grain (5,244 kg/ha) and straw yield (5,696 kg/ ha) than ‘BPT 52-04’. Drip fertigation of WSNF applied in 8 splits at 10 days interval, recorded significantly higher nitrogen uptake (170.1 kg/ha) and nitrogen-use efficiency (34.6 kg/ha) than soil application with 100 % NPK fertilizer.
3 tables, 14 ref
DHIMAN M R, DEY R B, PARKASH C, KUMAR S, KUMAR R
044833 DHIMAN M R, DEY R B, PARKASH C, KUMAR S, KUMAR R (ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Kullu Valley- 175 129, Himachal Pradesh) : Evaluation of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflora (Raf.) Shinn) genotypes for growth and flowering traits. J Ornam Hortic 2020, 23(1), 12-9.
The present investigation was carried at ICAR-IARI Regional Station, Katrain, Kullu, HP during 2019-2020. The experimental material consists of nineteen genotypes of Lisianthus viz.: Ktlis-11, Ktlis-12, Ktlis-8, Ktlis-14, Ktlis-19, Ktlis-15, Ktlis-17, Ktlis-1, Ktlis-5, Ktlis18, Ktlis-16, Ktlis-2, Ktlis-6, Ktlis-20, Ktlis-21, Ktlis-13, Ktlis-7, Ktlis-10 and Ktlis-9) maintained at the Station. The genotype Ktlis-1 exhibited maximum plant height (90.60 cm) and leaf area (38.28 cm2), while stem thickness (7.60 mm) and total number of flowers per plant (33.67) was observed maximum in the genotype Ktlis-20. In the meanwhile, number of petals per flower (32.00), bud length (5.63 cm) and flower diameter (7.68 cm) was recorded highest in the genotype Ktlis-11 and Ktlis-13, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis revealed a significant positive correlation of plant height with number of flowers/stem (0.53) and total number of flowers/plant (0.72); stem thickness with leaf area (0.56); number of flowers/stem with total number of flowers/plant (0.66); bud length with flower diameter (0.59) and leaf area (0.61) and flower diameter with leaf area (0.49) and number of petals per flower (0.66). Based on the principal component analysis (PCA), the three components having eigen values greater than one was retained in the analysis because of the substantial amount of variation amongst them (71.89 %). Further, loading of different traits based on two principal components indicated that plant height, stem thickness, bud length, flower diameter, leaf area, number of petals per flower, number of flowers/stem, and total number of flowers/plant are the main components of divergence between nineteen genotypes of lisianthus, whereas contribution of rest of traits under study was found comparatively less in divergence. Hence, main emphasis should be given on these traits for improvement in lisianthus. Further, dendrogram constructed using average linkage revealed that based on the trait of interest to be improved distantly placed genotypes can be selected as parental lines for the development of heterotic hybrids in lisianthus for cut flower production.
2 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref
SARKAR S, GHOSH M, BERA P S, PAUL K, SAHA G
041049 SARKAR S, GHOSH M, BERA P S, PAUL K, SAHA G (Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal - 741252, Email: shrabana.sarkar93@gmail.com) : Effect of establishment methods on aromatic rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes in lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal. Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 171-4.
A field experiment was conducted at Jaguli, Nadia, West Bengal, India, during the rainy (kharif) season of 2016, to study the response of four aromatic (Oryza sativa L.) rice genotypes (‘Gobindabhog’, ‘Radhunipagal’, ‘Tulaipanji’ and ‘Kalonunia’) under 3 establishment methods [conventional planting, drum seeding and modified system of rice intensification (SRI)].The plants raised under modified SRI showed the maximum plant height at harvesting (136.7 cm), tiller production (298/m2 ) at 63 days after transplanting (DAT), and dry-matter production at 33 DAT (194 g/m2 /day) and 63 DAT (444 g/m2 /day). Conventional planting resulted in the highest grain yield (2.24 t/ha), head rice recovery (HRR) (55.2 %) and net income (`32,593/ha), which were greater over the modified SRI (2.09 t/ha, 53.5 % and `30,901/ha) and drum seeding method (2.0 t/ha, 53.2 % and `32,192/ha). ‘Gobindabhog’ had the highest grain yield (2.35 t/ha), HRR (56.5 %), net income (`39,754/ha) and benefit: cost (B:C) ratio (2.13) compared to the other genotypes; but ‘Kalonunia’ might be tried as a second option in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal.
2 tables, 11 ref
BAURAI R, CHANDRA S, SINGH G
041048 BAURAI R, CHANDRA S, SINGH G (Govind Ballabh Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand - 263 145, Email: guruagronomy@gmail.com) : Impact of different crop-establishment methods and cono weeding on growth, productivity and water economy of rice (Oryza sativa). Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 166-70.
A field study was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017 at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, to assess the impact of different crop-establishment techniques on productivity and irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was laid out in a 3 time replicated randomized block design. Treatments included 7 methods of establishment, viz. puddled transplanting at 20 cm × 20 cm (control), unpuddled transplanting at 20 cm × 20 cm, puddled transplanting at 25 cm × 20 cm with conoweeding twice, unpuddled transplanting at 25 cm × 20 cm with conoweeding twice, double-square transplanting with conoweeding twice (25/ 15cm), ridge and furrow method of transplanting (ridge 20 cm and furrow 25 cm) and transplanting in wide furrow (wide furrow 35 cm and ridge 25 cm). All the growth parameters and yield attributes like panicles/m2 (258), filled grains/m2 (33,789) and filled grain weight/m2 (841g) as well as yield were significantly improved by different cropestablishment methods. The highest grain yield (6.7 t/ha) was recorded in double-square transplanting. Ridge and furrow transplanting and wide furrow transplanting saved 32.9 % irrigation water as compared to the all puddled treatments. The highest irrigation water-use efficiency was noticed in ridge and furrow method of transplanting (123 kg/ha-cm).
3 tables, 11 ref
ZELIANG P K, KUMAR R, KUMAR M, VERMA H, MEENA K L, RAJKHOWA D J, DEKA B C
041047 ZELIANG P K, KUMAR R, KUMAR M, VERMA H, MEENA K L, RAJKHOWA D J, DEKA B C (ICAR Research Complex for North-Eastern Hills Region, Jharnapani, Nagaland - 797 105, Email: rakeshbhu08@gmail.com) : Diversity analysis of rice (Oryza sativa) genotype for improving the productivity for mid-hills of the eastern Himalayas. Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 161-5.
In the present study, 12 high-yielding varieties (HYVs) and 13 traditional landraces collected from the various places of north-east India were evaluated during 2014 and 2015 for genetic improvement of yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa L.) for diversity analysis for its wider adoption in mid-hills of Nagaland. Among the evaluated 25 varieties, ‘RCPL 412’ (2.88 t/ha), ‘IURON 514’ (2.61 t/ha), ‘VL Dhan 209’ (2.53 t/ha), and ‘Rukhathang’ (2.52 t/ha) performed better in respect of yield potential than ‘Bhalum 3’ (2.42 t/ha). Magnitude of the difference between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient variation for the characters analyzed was relatively low, indicating less influence of environmental factors. High heritability with high genetic advance was recorded for yields, spikelet fertility, seeds/ panicle, days to 50 % flowering, panicle weight and panicle length. The principal component analysis (PCA) also identified that, yields, panicle weight, percentage of filled grain and seeds/panicle are the most important traits for classifying the variation among the genotypes. The PCA and cluster analysis revealed that, the presence of sufficient diversity among the genotypes and indicate hybridization of ‘RCPL1 412’ with ‘VL Dhan 221’ will be highly useful for development of short-stature early, high-yielding varieties of ‘Shengyayouh’ with ‘RCPL1 412’ may produce the transgressive segregants for development of medium-duration and medium-tall, high-yielding pureline for mid-as well as hill altitudes of eastern Himalayas.
2 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref
KAWADE A A, TUMBARE A D, SURVE U S
041046 KAWADE A A, TUMBARE A D, SURVE U S (Agronomy Dep, Mahatma Phule Krushi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra - 413 722, Email: kawde.archana@gmail.com) : Effect of yield target-based fertigation levels on productivity and economics of maize (Zea mays)–onion (Allium cepa) cropping sequenc. Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 156-60.
A field experiment was carried out during 2015–16 and 2016–17 on clay-loam soil of Rahuri, Maharashtra, to study the effect of drip fertigation as per soil test crop response (STCR) equation on system productivity and economics of maize (Zea mays L.)–onion (Allium cepa L.) cropping sequence. The experiment was laid in a split-plot design with 3 replications. The treatment consisted of 4 main plot treatments of fertigation levels based on STCR equation for 10 t/ha yield target [(100 %, 75 %, 50 % of STCR and general recommended dose fertilizers) GRDF] for the rainy season (kharif) maize (grain) and same set of treatments based on STCR equation for 0.5 t/ha yield target (100 %, 75 %, 50 % of STCR and GRDF) was applied for winter (rabi) onion (seed) as subplot treatments. Fertigation of N and K as per 100 %, of STCR equation for 10 t/ha yield target with FYM to kharif maize followed by fertigation of N and K as per 100 %, of STCR equation for 0.5 t/ha yield target with FYM in 4 equal splits at 15 days interval up to 60 DAS to rabi onion recorded significantly maximum maize grain yield (9.84 t/ha) during the rainy season and onion seed yield (0.54 t/ha) during rabi season. The system productivity (57.50 t/ha), production efficiency (190.96 kg/ha/day) and net monetary returns (541.82 × 103 `/ha) were also higher under fertigation of N and K as per 100 % of STCR equation to kharif maize, followed by fertigation of N and K as per 100 % of STCR equation in 4 equal splits at 15 days interval up to 60 DAS to rabi onion.
3 tables, 8 ref
KATHIRESAN R, VISHNUDEVI S, JAYAKANTH U V
041045 KATHIRESAN R, VISHNUDEVI S, JAYAKANTH U V (Agronomy Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu - 608 002, Email: rmkathiresan.agron@gmail.com) : Impact of agro-input use in integrated rice (Oryza sativa L.) farming system. Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 151-5.
A field experiment was carried out at farmer’s holdings of Sathamangalam village, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu during Samba season 2018 and 2019 with ‘BPT (5204)’ rice (Oryza sativa L.), to optimize the agro input use in integrated rice farming system and to study the impact of component technologies on integral enterprizes of fish and poultry and vice-versa. The treatments comprised 4 different combinations of agro-input use, viz. inorganic fertiliser + chemical pest control, inorganic fertilizer + organic pest control, organic manuring + chemical pest control and organic manuring + organic pest control, under 2 different systems, viz. sole cropping of rice and integrated rice + fish + poultry farming system. The results indicated that, integrating fish culture and poultry rearing offered a sustainable option in rice farming interms of enhanced returns, manurial addition, diversified farm produces and reduced pest incidence. The results also indicate the use of organic manures and organic pest control for sustainability. However inorganic inputs for rice crop were also shown to be compatible in this integrated farming system (IFS) without much deleterious effects.
1 illus, 5 tables, 12 ref
GHOSH P K, NATH C P, HAZRA K K, KUMAR P, DAS A, MANDAL K G
041043 GHOSH P K, NATH C P, HAZRA K K, KUMAR P, DAS A, MANDAL K G (Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, Email: pkgiipr@gmail.com) : Sustainability concern in Indian agriculture: Needs science-led innovation and structural reforms. Indian J Agron 2020, 65(2), 131-43.
Agriculture in India is facing several challenges which together are manifested into the sustainability issues. The broad contours of the agricultural production system in the country have been defined by the need to achieve food security which calls for close attention to rice–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system of the IndoGangetic Plains (IGP) whose sustainability is under threat. Degradation of natural resources, severe biotic and abiotic stresses specially drought, floods, pest infestations with accompanying impacts on biodiversity and agricultural productivity are the major constraints to agricultural development. Further, climate change has gained significant global attention over the past decade due to concerns of deleterious long-term impacts on agriculture, water supply, human welfare, regional and political stability. All the related issues need to be addressed on priority, with particular emphasis on soil-carbon through a holistic approach. As the strategy brings focus on income of farmers, the agricultural technology needs to move from “Production oriented-Green Revolution” to “Farmer’s Income orientedRevolution” and environmentally sustainable farming. Therefore, for long-term sustainability in agriculture, 4 pillars/ components (good agricultural practices, climate-change mitigation and adaptation, diversification of highvalue crops and biodiversity management) needs to be addressed properly, more importantly good agricultural practices (GAP). The GAPs are based on the principles of risk prevention, risk analysis, sustainable agriculture, and integrated crop management (ICM), which are of utmost importance in present time. The GAPs for agricultural sustainability are reduced tillage, conservation agriculture, resource-conservation technologies (RCTs), erosioncontrol measures, diversified cropping system, micro-irrigation, balanced fertilization, manuring, watershed management, organic farming, and integrated farming systems etc. Now that the vision is to impart income security to the farmers of the country, diversification of the system across all the sub-sectors of agriculture assumes importance which is, indeed a de-risking mechanism capable of negotiating both endogenous and exogenous risks associated with the system. The effective and efficient management of agro-biodiversity is also essential through management of genebanks, science-led innovations; livelihood, food and nutrition security though crop diversification, use of lesser-known crops and wild relatives in crop improvement; dealing appropriately with quarantine, biosafety and bio-security.
3 tables, 38 ref
YADAV P, YADAV S S, GARG K, YADAV S
041041 YADAV P, YADAV S S, GARG K, YADAV S (Agronomy Dep, Maharana Pratap Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan - 313 001, Email: py715271@gmail.com) : Effect of sulphur and zinc fertilization on growth, yield attributes and grain yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum). Indian J Agron 2020, 65(1), 120-4.
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2018 at Jobner, Rajasthan, to study the effect of sulphur and zinc fertilization on growth, yield attributes and grain yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The experiment, comprising 4 levels each of sulphur (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg/ha) and zinc (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg zinc sulphate/ha), thereby making 16 treatment combinations, was laid out in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice. Progressive increase in level of sulphur up to 30 kg/ha significantly increased the most of the growth and yield-attributing characters of sesame, viz. plant height, dry-matter accumulation, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), branches/plant, chlorophyll content, leaf-area index, capsules/plant, seeds/ capsule and test weight, over preceding levels. It also recorded significantly higher seed yield (712 kg/ha) of sesame over the control and 15 kg/ha. However, it was found at par with 45 kg/ha, wherein the maximum values of growth and yield attributes as well as yield were obtained. Results further showed that an increase in level of zinc sulphate up to 20 kg/ha by and large significantly improved the most of the growth and yield-determining characters of sesame over lower levels. It also recorded significantly higher seed yield (725 kg/ha) over the control and 10 kg/ha and found at par with 30 kg/ha. Application of 30 kg S/ha in conjunction with zinc sulphate at 20 kg/ha (S30 Zn 20) was the most effective treatment combination for obtaining higher seed yield (802 kg/ha) and net returns (` 48,970/ha) in sesame.
3 tables, 10 ref
SINDHU S S, SINGH B, SAXENA N K
044832 SINDHU S S, SINGH B, SAXENA N K (Floriculture and Landscaping Dep, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110 012) : Genetic improvement of bougainvillea in Indian scenario – A review. J Ornam Hortic 2020, 23(1), 1-11.
Bougainvillea is a native of South America and it is a popular plant all over the world with tropical and warm climates. It is a thorny and woody plant having different coloured bracts viz., white, pink, purple, red, orange, yellow etc. Among the different species of Bougainvillea, Bougainvillea glabra and B. spectabilis are most popular across the world. Bougainvillea plants provide colour to the garden when the flowering of winter season annuals ceases and the blooming of summer annuals or other ornamental plants is yet to arrive. The ability of bougainvillea to grow under highly polluted conditions like traffic islands, roadsides and around industries has made it popular among the planners and architects. The plants can be grown as climbers by training them on walls of house or any building, parks, farms garden, open spaces and on arches or pergola or on a tree. The edible flowers of Bougainvillea are frequently used for the preparation of salads and flower teas in different parts of the world. The floral bracts are the rich source of betalain pigments particularly betacyanin which can be exploited as a natural colorant in food industries. Although, Bougainvillea has originated in South America, but approximately 50% of the present day cultivars were evolved and developed in India. The Division of Floriculture and Landscaping of IARI is a pioneering centre of Bougainvillea and have a good collection of germplasm of bougainvilleas. Besides, NBRI, Lucknow; IIHR, Bangalore; CAZRI, Jodhpur and BARC, Mumbai have contributed significantly in breeding of Bougainvillea. Division of Floriculture and Landscaping IARI, New Delhi has been recognized as the International Registration Authority for Bougainvilleas by Royal Horticultural Society, U.K, since, 1966 and again during the recent meeting of 2007 held at Wageningen, The Netherlands. The division is one of the major repository centre and more than 100 cultivars of Bougainvilleas are conserved here with different colour, thorny, thornless, variegated, bicoloured, multibracted etc. The varieties evolved at IARI include Dr. R.R. Pal, Stanza, Summer Time, Sonnet, Spring Festival and Vishakha.
1 table, 12 ref
KAUR R, SINGH A, SINGH K G, ARORA D
041040 KAUR R, SINGH A, SINGH K G, ARORA D (Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab - 141 004, Email: rbhullar905@gmail.com) : Productivity of soybean (Glycine max) under drip irrigation. Indian J Agron 2020, 65(1), 116-9.
A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, and University Seed Farm, Ladhowal, Punjab, during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017, to study the effect of drip irrigation, fertigation and mulching on productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]. Among drip irrigation levels, seed yield increased significantly 14.2 and 11.8 % with increasing drip irrigation level from 60 % ETc to 80 % ETc for Ludhiana and Ladhowal, respectively. Further increase in irrigation level up to 100 % ETc increased the seed yield marginally by 3.5 and 4.6 % for respective locations. With increasing fertigation level from 50 % to 75 % recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), seed yield increased significantly to the tune of 9.2 and 9.4 % for Ludhiana and Ladhowal respectively. However, further increase up to 100 % RDF increased the seed yield by 4.8 and 5.3 % for respective locations. Application of paddy straw mulch @ 6 tonnes/ha resulted in 13 and 9.8 % increase in seed yield over no mulch. Mean of all combinations of drip irrigation, fertigation and mulching treatments recorded 12.3 and 19.2 % increase in seed yield as compared to conventional furrow irrigation (control) for Ludhiana and Ladhowal respectively.
2 tables, 8 ref
BAHADARI S, SINGH Y V, BARAY S M, SHIVAY Y S, PARSAD R
041039 BAHADARI S, SINGH Y V, BARAY S M, SHIVAY Y S, PARSAD R (Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology Univ, Kandahar 3801, Afghanistan, Email: yvsingh63@yahoo.co.in) : Influence of foliar application of nitrogen on growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata) varieties in Kandahar region of Afghanistan. Indian J Agron 2020, 65(1), 111-5.
A field experiment was conducted during April–July 2017 at the Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar, Afghanistan to find out the influence of 2 mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) varieties viz. ‘Mash 2008’ and ‘NM 94’ and 7 methods of N applications, viz. absolute control, basal application of 25 kg N/ha, foliar application of 2 % urea through single application at 40, 50 and 60 days after sowing (DAS), 2 times foliar application at 50 and 60 DAS and 3 times foliar application of 2 % urea spray at pre-flowering (40 DAS), flowering (50 DAS) and pod development (60 DAS) on crop growth and productivity. The results showed that the variety ‘Mash 2008’ resulted superior performance in respect of plant growth and yield attributes to ‘NM 94’ mungbean. The findings of present study showed that the 3 times foliar of 2 % urea at pre-flowering + flowering + pod development stages (40, 50 and 60 DAS) may be adopted for ‘Mash 2008’ variety to get the superior plant growth, yield attributes and yields of mungbean in semi-arid conditions of Afghanistan.
2 tables, 15 ref
PAIK T, SINGH Y, SADHUKHAN R
041038 PAIK T, SINGH Y, SADHUKHAN R (Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh - 221 005, Email: tanmoypaik1993@gmail.com) : Nutrient management in wheat (Triticum aestivum) for improving grain yield, nutrient-use efficiency and profitability. Indian J Agron 2020, 65(1), 107-10.
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2016–17 at Agriculture Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the effect of nutrient management (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels) on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 8 treatments [control, recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF: 150 N + 60 P2O5 + 40 K2O kg/ha), 150 % RDF, 150 % PK, 150 % NK, 150 % NP, GreenSeeker-guided nitrogen application at the 2nd irrigation (P2O5 and K2O as RDF dose) and RDF + 10 t FYM/ha]. Various yield attributes of wheat showed significant variation under different levels of NPK and GreenSeeker-based precision nutrient management. It was observed that, an application of 150 % of recommended dose of fertilizer (225 N + 90 P2O5 + 60 K2O kg/ha) resulted in the highest yield and net returns. However, GreenSeeker-guided nitrogen application saved fertilizer nitrogen (32 kg/ha) without significant reduction in yield than blanket recommendation of recommended dose of fertilizer in ‘HD 2967’ wheat. In terms of grain-yield increment, it was found that there was 10.6 % increase of grain yield by 150 % NPK compared to RDF and 7.8 % yield increase over 150 % NP. In case of economic returns, 12.95 % profit increment was achieved by 150 % RDF over RDF. So, 150 % NPK application to wheat crop at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, is fruitful for farmers point of view for improvement of low N-use efficiency.
1 table, 13 ref