045107   PRAJAPATI D R, PATEL R N, GAMI R A (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, S.D. Agricultural Univ, Sardarkrushinagar- 385 506, Gujarat) : Study of trait alliance between tuber yield, its attributes and storage life in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 166-72.

The aim of the investigation was to study association and trait alliance in potato by using 33 diverse genotypes belonging to various eco-geographical zone of the country. The result of correlation co-efficient anticipated the range of genotypic relationship was higher than the corresponding phenotypic association for total traits studied. Tuber yield plant^-1 was highly significant and positively allied with plant height, number of stem hill^-1, number of tuber plant^-1, average tuber weight and harvest index at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, while negatively associated with tuber dry matter, loss due to rottage on weight basis and total weight loss at genotypic level and phenotypic level. Total weight loss had positive correlation with storage traits viz., loss due to rottage on weight basis, loss due to rottage on number basis and physiological weight loss suggesting that genotypes exerted lower loss due to rottage on weight basis and loss due to rottage on number basis as well as physiological weight loss were most suitable for storage of potato for long time. The path co-efficient scrutiny bared that high direct effects were wielded by number of tubers plant^-1, average tuber weight, tuber dry matter physiological weight loss, loss due to rottage on weight basis and loss due to rottage on number basis demonstrating their comparative involvement to the tuber yield plant^-1.

1 illus, 4 tables, 31 ref

045106   SINGH K R, DEVI C B (ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Imphal- 795 004, Manipur) : Technical efficiency of small scale carp production in Manipur : A stochastic frontier approach. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 160-5.

The study was undertaken to examinethe production function and technical efficiency using stochastic frontier model for carp production in Manipur. Primary data were collected from 150 carp producersfrom three districts of Manipur during 2016-17. Production function analysis revealed that investment in fish fingerling and feed could increase the return from carp production. Experience in carp production, education and access to credit were significant factors affecting technical efficiency. The result shows that technical efficiency ranges between 21 to 98 per cent with mean efficiency of 72 per cent implying that average fish farmers in the study area is performing below the maximum possible production level by a shortfall of about 28 per cent. The study recommends that good quality fish fingerlings and quality feed should be made available, increase access to institutional credit and scaled up extension system to transform traditional rearing practices to more productive scientific method.

5 tables, 17 ref

046520   TAMILZHARASI M, VANNIARAJAN C, KARTHIKEYAN A, SOUFRAMANIEN J, PILLAI M A, MEENAKSHISUNDRAM P (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Madurai- 625 104, Email: itamilsadursen@gmail.com) : Evaluation of urdbean (Vigna mungo) genotypes for mungbean yellow mosaic virus resistance through phenotypic reaction and genotypic analysis. Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 728-34.

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is a whitefly-transmitted major destructive virus affecting urdbean productivity in India. The objective of this research was to identify urdbean genotypes resistant against MYMV based on the phenotypic reaction and genotypic analysis. A total 48 urdbean genotypes were evaluated for resistance to MYMV by visual scoring of symptoms in the field under natural conditions. Disease severity was assessed using 0-9 rating scale, according to the mean disease score, the urdbean genotypes were categorized into five groups resistant (R, 14 genotypes), moderately resistant (MR, 4 genotypes), moderately susceptible (MS, 10 genotypes), susceptible (S, 18 genotypes) and highly susceptible (HS, 2 genotypes). These results were confirmed through genotyping based on MYMV-resistance tagged molecular markers CEDG180, ISSR811₁₃₅₇ and YMV1 FR. In addition, biochemical analysis was carried out in the genotypes of each category (R-HS). Results showed that MYMV resistance was significantly and positively correlated with the phytic acid and total phenol contents, whereas negative correlation was observed with total sugars in susceptible genotypes. The new identified genotypes (resistant sources) can be utilized in the urdbean breeding programme for improving resistance to MYMV.

4 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref

045105   LENKA D, SWAIN D, LENKA D, TRIPATHY S K (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, OUAT, Bhubaneswar- 751 003, Odisha) : Assessment of genetic diversity and molecular detection of advanced inbred lines for QPM status in maize (Zea mays L.). J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 153-9.

A set of 50 inbred lines derived from diverse QPM populations were subjected to multivariate analysis for genetic divergence based on 15 quantitative traits. The test inbreds were grouped into 10 and 11 clusters following Tocher’s and Canonical method. Clustering pattern was almost similar in both these methods. Days to 75 % dry husk contributed maximum to genetic divergence (29.9 %) followed by days to 50 % tasseling (15.2 %). VL1016556 is considered to be most divergent inbred followed by VL1016352, QPM-8-3-2 and QPM-1-15-1 based on D² values. The top three high yielding inbreds (QPM-2-15, QPM 11-7-1 and VL1016453) were clubbed into the Cluster VIII with maximum mean seed yield. Cluster VIII maintained maximum genetic distance from Cluster X. Besides, Cluster IV and X, IV and IX, IV and VII were sorted out as diverse cluster pairs and these could be useful for obtaining high heterotic hybrids. The QPM allele specific marker revealed more discriminating power (Rp=1.8) among the genotypes compared to umc 1066 (Rp=1.2). Among the selected 20 inbreds, QPM 11-7-1, QPM 7-3-2, QPM 8-3-2, QPM 10-13- 1, VL1016414, VL109476, VL109475, VL1016399, VL1017054, VL109412 and VL1016590 revealed the 169bp QPM allele and hence, these may be considered as potential QPM inbred lines. These inbred lines may serve as valuable material for QPM breeding.

2 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

045104   SAHA C, BISWAS S (Dhaanyaganga KrishiVigyan Kendra, West Bengal) : Influence of different training levels on growth and production efficiency of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) under poly house condition in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 148-52.

An experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field of Baninathpur, Murshidabad adjacent to DhaanyagangaKVK to study the effect of different training levels on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of capsicum under poly house condition during consecutive two years viz. September, 2018 to March, 2019 and September, 2019 to March, 2020. The four training levels P₁ (two shoots plant^-1), P₂ (three shoots plant^-1), P₃ (four shoots plant^-1) and P₄ (five shoots plant^-1) were evaluated in present experiment. Considering the pooled data of two years at different training levels,the maximum plant height, leaf numbers at different growth stages, leaf area, number of flowers and fruits per plant were recorded in plants trained with five shoots. It was closely followed by the treatment having four shoots per plant. The yield was maximum in treatment receiving training methods to maintain four shoots per plant. It was because of the higher fruit size. The outcome reflected that the plant with four shoots yielded maximum production with best benefit cost ratio.

4 tables, 8 ref

045118   JYOTI, SINGH L, TIWARI R (Horticulture Dep, Lovely Professional Univ, Punjab) : Effect of different types of fertilizers on growth and yield of round gourd [Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo]. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 244-8.

A field experiment was conducted to find out the best combination of nutrient sources for round gourd cultivation. Ten treatments along with one control comprised of 100 %, 50 % and 25 % RDF of different fertilizers i.e. organic fertilizer viz., vermicompost, biokhad, bio-fertilizers viz., Azotobactor + PSB, inorganic fertilizers viz., urea, DAP, MOP. Treatments having 50 % RDF of organic fertilizer + 50 % RDF of bio-fertilizers recorded the highest vine length (2.29 m), internodal length (1.80 cm), number of lateral branches (7.00), fruit diameter (6.22 cm), average fruit weight (81.73 g), yield (45.53 q ha^-1), TSS (6.80°Brix), benefit cost ratio (2:1). Treatment having 100 % RDF of organic fertilizer recorded maximum leaf area (123.48 cm²) and number of fruits per vine (14.19), whereas treatment with 50 % RDF of bio-fertilizer + 25 % RDF of organic fertilizer + 25 % RDF of inorganic fertilizers showed higher ascorbic acid content (23.17 mg 100^-1 g).

2 tables, 22 ref

045103   KUMAR N, MANKOTIA B S, MANUJA S, PAREEK B, KUMAR P, SHARMA R, MANDIAN I S (Agronomy Dep, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Visvavidyalaya, Palampur- 176 062, Himachal Pradesh) : Effect of varying fertility levels on physiological aspects of rice cultivars in the North Western Himalayas. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 143-7.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2018 at Rice and Wheat Research Centre (RWRC), Malan to study the physiological response of different rice cultivars to varying fertility levels in mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment consisted of 5 main-plot treatments comprising varying fertility levels {50 % recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 100 % RDF (90:40:40 kg N:P:K ha^-1), 150 % RDF, 50 % RDF + Azolla and 100 % RDF + Azolla} and 4 cultivars as sub-plot treatments {Vivekdhan 65, HPR 2143, HPR 2720 (red rice) and AZ 6508 (hybrid)}. The soil of the experimental site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction, medium in available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The increase in fertility level and Azolla application increased the dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of rice. The increasing trend in crop growth rate (CGR) during the active tillering and flowering stage was observed while the leaf area ratio reduced from 60 to 90 days after transplanting (DAT). Contrary to these the relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) remained almost equal during both the time intervals between 30 and 60 days and 60 and 90 days after transplanting though it varied with varying fertility levels as well as between different cultivars. Additional azolla application at both the fertilizer doses of 50 and 100 % RDF showed a significant increase in CGR from 30 to 60 DAT as compared to the when it was not applied, the increase being 2.70 and 2.13 g m-2 day^-1 with the azolla application at 50 % and 100 % RDF, respectively. Further CGR recorded between 30 and 60 DAT with the application of azolla with 50 % RDF was statistically similar to the application of 100 % RDF alone, indicating a saving of 50 % RDF with the azolla application. Also the CGR recorded between 30 and 60 DAT with the application of 150 % RDF was also similar to the application of 100 % RDF along with azolla application. Similarly RGR increased with increasing fertilizer application as well as with azolla application at 30 to 60 and 60 to 90 DAT. LAR decreased during the flowering stage due to more contribution of flag leaf in net assimilation. Among the cultivars tested ‘Vivekdhan 65’ and ‘AZ 6508’ showed higher values of CGR as well as RGR, particularly between 60 to 90 DAT while ‘AZ 6508’ had significantly higher LAR. Initially, azolla applied to the crop was not much effective but during the later stages, its contribution increased the growth rate. These findings suggest that growth indices could be enhanced by applying higher doses of fertilizesr but the application of azolla can result in the saving of fertilizers.

1 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

046519   YAZICI S O, OZMEN I, YILDIRIM B, GENC H, OZELOGLU B, GULSUN M, ELMAS H, OZCAKA S (Nutrition and Dietetics Dep, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Univ, Burdur- 15100, Turkey, Email: sozbekyazici@hotmail.com) : Biochemical composition of Lathyrus L. seeds: Antioxidant activities, phenolic profiles, β-odap and protein contents. Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 723-7.

Lathyrus taxa are used in different areas including nutritive, agricultural areas, and they are seen as the source of both protein and phenolics. Lathyrus taxa seeds contain a neurotoxic substance called β-N-oxalyl-L-$\mathrm{\alpha }$,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) in different amounts. Lathyrus species grown in Turkey is reported to have low β-ODAP and high protein content. In this study, antioxidant activities, phenolic profiles, β-ODAP and protein contents of six Lathyrus taxa were investigated. Total phenolic content (TPC) in Lathyrus taxa used was ranging from 0.17 ± 0.05 to 5.10 ± 0.02. The antioxidant activities were observed in a wide interval that IC₅₀ values were between 7.05 ± 0.11 to 1.15 ± 0.08 mg/mL. The highest TPC and antioxidant activity were recorded for L. clymenum. In HPLC analysis, gallic, phydroxybenzoic, caffeic, chlorogenic acid and epicatechin in all of the extracts were determined. Also, β-ODAP and protein contents in seeds of the Lathyrus taxa were found between 0.20-1.18 mg/g and 22.66-29.74 %, respectively. β-ODAP contents of investigated Layhyrus taxa were within the safe consumption range in terms of health (<2.00 mg/g). The investigated Lathyrus taxa were found to be excellent protein sources with low β-ODAP content and contain natural antioxidants. As a result, this study has provided important data for wild Lathyrus taxa to be used as a cheap protein source and functional food for promoting health.

5 tables, 27 ref

045102   BISWAS S, BORDOLUI S K, CHATTOPADHYAY P (Seed Science and Technology Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur- 741 252, West Bengal) : Influence of GA₃ on hybrid rice seed production in West Bengal. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 136-42.

In hybrid rice, GA₃ application has been found very effective in increasing seed set rate and seed yield. The experimental material comprising both the parental lines of hybrid KRH 2 i.e. CMS line-IR-58025A and restorer line KMR 3 treated with five doses of GA₃ and control (water spray) were grown in randomized block design with three replications. The experiment was evaluated at the Teaching Farm, Monduri, B.C.K.V., Nadia, West Bengal. The aim of the present investigation is to identify a suitable dose of Gibberellic acid to enhance hybrid rice seed production under West Bengal situation. The influence of GA₃ on panicle exertion, spikelet fertility and seed yield was significant as evident from the present investigation. Both the season, GA₃ at the rate 200 ppm was found to maximize the spikelet fertility in CMS line which was ultimately effect on seed yield. Maximum seed yield (2.18 t ha^-1) was recorded by the application of 200 ppm GA₃ during kharif season. However, the highest seed yield (2.15 t ha-1) was noticed with the application GA₃ @ 100 ppm during boro season.

6 tables, 14 ref

045101   DEKA A M, DEBCHOUDHURY P K, KALITA B (Assam Agricultural Univ, Nagaon- 782 002, Assam) : Rice-based cropping system approach for increasing farm family income. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 129-35.

A field experiment was conducted during 2014-15 and 2015-16 at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Shillongani, Nagaon, Assam to evaluate the productivity and profitability of rice-based cropping system in Assam. Treatments comprised of 3 dates of rice transplanting viz., 20th June, 5th July and 20th July and 2 methods of cultivation viz., conventional and SRI with 4 relay crops viz., lentil, pea, toria and niger. After relay crops, fodder maize and green gram in 1:1 row ratio was grown as intercrop in each plot. Rice transplanted on 20th June recorded higher rice equivalent yield (203 q ha^-1) and production efficiency (55.54 kg ha^-1day ^-1) of whole crop sequence as compared to other dates. SRI method of rice cultivation recorded significantly higher rice equivalent yield (203.51 q ha^-1) and production efficiency (55.75 kg ha^-1 day^-1) of the whole crop sequence than conventional method. Rice-pea relay cropping recorded significantly higher rice equivalent yield (211 q ha^-1) and production efficiency (58 kg ha^-1 day^-1) of whole crop sequence which was at par with rice-lentil system compared to rice-toria and riceniger. In both the years, the crop sequence ‘Sali rice transplanted on 20^thJune under SRI method relayed by lentil and then followed by summer intercrops of fodder maize + green gram’ recorded the highest net return (Rs. 2,12,419/- and Rs. 2,13,286/ - per ha, respectively) and B:C ratio was (4.11 and 4.13, respectively of the whole crop sequence. This treatment combination is closely followed by the treatment combination of rice transplanted on 20thJune under SRI method relayed by pea and followed by summer intercrops.

1 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

045100   LEPCHA A, NAG P, DAS K K (Agricultural Economics Dep, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari- 736 165, West Bengal) : Can conservation agriculture be the savior of farm economy? – A study in North Bengal. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 123-8.

Northern tract of West Bengal is an economically vibrant region and its economy is mostly dependent on agriculture as the prime occupation. This article attempts to explore agricultural performance over the years in North Bengal culling secondary information on area and productivity of major crops for the period 1980-81 to 2014-15.Overall instability and decline in growth in area and yield of the major crops is observed. However, Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of both area allocation and yield is on the rise for potato and rabi maize indicating their growing importance in the farm economy though, corresponding CAGR of kharif paddy remains almost stagnant. This rather slow growth is attributed to climatic aberration, decline in soil productivity, low/negative farm income, etc. and calls for a be-fitting technology to revamp the economy. The study suggests popularization of conservation agriculture (which has proven its suitability and worth in the region through successful implementation of an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), Australia funded project since 2013- 14) as an effective strategy for improving the livelihood security as well as mitigating ecological degradation.

4 illus, 5 tables, 19 ref

046518   CHALGHOUMI R, MABROUKI S, ABDOULI H, LINE J E (Carthage Univ, Bizerte, Tunisia, Email: chalghoumi.r@hotmail.com) : Effect of extraction procedure on yield, phytochemical profile and antibacterial activity of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) crude extracts. Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 718-22.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a medicinal plant known for its various pharmacological properties, including its antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to assess the extraction procedure effect on yield, phytochemical profile and antibacterial activity of fenugreek seed crude extracts. The extraction procedure of components from fenugreek seed possessing an antibacterial potential was first optimized. Extracts at the highest yield were analyzed for phytocomponents and their bacterial growth inhibitory effect was assessed by determining the diameter of the inhibition zone (IZ) and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC).  Optimum conditions for highest yield of extract (270,78 mg/g) are as follows: solvent (water), substrate-solvent ratio (1:10), and extraction time (72 hours). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of the major compounds known to have an antibacterial activity such as tannins and flavonoids in the aqueous and methanol extracts. The methanol extract was associated with an IZ diameter ranging from 8.46 ± 2.25 mm up to 27.65 ± 1.32 mm and displayed the lowest MIC (1.25 mg/ml). Our findings indicate that fenugreek seed extracted with methanol showed the best antibacterial effect against the targeted bacterial strain.

3 tables, 19 ref

046517   NISHA, KHATI P, RAO P B (Government P.G. Coll, Almora- 263 661, Email: nishaarya24@gmail.com) : Profiling the seed storage protein among different genotypes of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek). Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 711-7.

A qualitative as well as quantitative categorization of seed storage proteins profiles of 23 genotypes of Trigonella foenum- graecum L. were performed by using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for exploring the level of genetic discrepancy at seed storage protein level. Total soluble proteins were resolved on 10 % resolving gel. A dendrogram was constructed on the basis of weight of seed storage proteins, which divide total genotypes into two groups further classified into different sub groups containing different genotypes in them. The bands obtained from gel electrophoresis can serve as a potent tool in discrimination of different genotypes on the basis of their protein content. Proteins with molecular weight 66, 43 and 35 kDa were found in all the genotypes except Fgk-76, PR, Rmt-303, PEB and Rmt-361, The 43 kDa protein band was found missing in Fgk-67, AFg-2, AM-2, AFg-4, Fgk-73, although the protein with 35 kDa weight was present in all the genotypes but not in Rmt-303 same as 63 kDa which is not present in Fgk-70 and 55 kDa protein band was found missing in Fgk-67, Afg-4 and Rmt-361.

3 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

046516   ANDJELKOVIC S, RADOVIC J, BABIC S, VASIC T, DJURIC S, STAMENOV D, JAFARI T H (Institute for Forage Crops Krusevac, Globoder- 37251, Republic of Serbia., Email: snezana.andjelkovic@ikbks.com) : Response of microorganisms in alfalfa rhizosphere to microbial inoculation. Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 706-10.

Various microorganisms that can have a positive or negative effect on plant development are present in the rhizospheric soil of alfalfa. The research aimed to investigate the impact of two nitrogen-fixing bacteria and two species of the phytopathogen fungus Colletotrichum on the abundance of aminoheterotrophs, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere of three cultivars of alfalfa. The experiment was carried in vegetation pots as three factorial, where the first factor was alfalfa cultivar (Affinity+Z, K28 and Perry), the second was the isolate of phytopathogen fungus Colletotrichum: C. trifolii (isolate Coll 4) and C. destructivum (two isolates: Coll-11 and Coll 657); and the third was the variant of bacterial inoculation (Azotobacter chroococcum and Sinorhizobium meliloti). The number of microorganisms was determined by introducing a diluted soil suspension into proper media and counted per one gram of absolutely dry soil. According to the Fisher test applied inoculation microbial inoculation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phytopathogen fungus had different effects on the abundance of examined microorganisms in rizospheric soil of different alfalfa cultivars.

1 table, 29 ref

046515   KUMAR R, PAREEK N K, RATHORE V S, NANGIYA V, YADAVA N D, YADAV R S (Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agriculture Univ, Bikaner- 334 006, Email: rakeshsarswat58@gmail.com) : Effect of water and nitrogen levels on yield attributes, water productivity and economics of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in hot arid region. Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 702-5.

A field experiment was conducted at research farm, Agricultural Research Sub-Station, Hanumangarh, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan during kharif, 2016 to study the effect of water and nitrogen levels on yield attributes, water productivity and economics of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]. Cluster bean variety RGC-1055 with seed rate of 16 kg/ha was planted using 3 levels of irrigation (100, 200 and 300 mm) and 4 level of nitrogen (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) and analyzed in split plot design with three replication. Results showed that irrigation at 200 mm significantly increased number of pods/plant (44.7), number of seeds/pod (7.8), test weight (28.7 g), net returns (Rs 31179/ha) and B:C ratio (2.1) over 100 mm irrigation level. However, water productivity (0.25 kg m^-3) was highest at 100 mm irrigation level. Nitrogen level at 40 kg/ha significantly increased number of pods/plant (48.3), number of seeds/pod (8.4), test weight (32.2 g), net returns (Rs. 32273/ha), B:C ratio (2.12) and water productivity (0.27 kg m^-3) over no application of N.

3 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

045099   MAITY A, SAHA B, DANA S S, GUPTA R, SARKAR M R (Fishery Extension Dep, WBUAFS, Kolkata- 700 094) : Information management behaviour of shrimp farmers in West Bengal. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 116-22.

Now days, information is a basic necessity of everyday life. For anything and everything information is required. Information can be obtained or retrieved from various sources. Shrimp farmers constitute a particular group of users whose information needs are very specific. The present paper deals with the information needs of the shrimp farmers’ community in West Bengal. The present study was undertaken in Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal. A total of 200 shrimp farmers were selected from the district by using simple random sampling method. Data were collected with the help of structured interview schedule with observation method. The following observations were revealed in the study. With regard to the issuing of shrimp farmers as stated by their information management behavior, majority of the shrimp farmers belonged to medium category of (62 %), followed by high (22 %) and low (16 %) categories. Whereas, 70.50 % shrimp farmers grouped under medium category with regard to their information seeking behavior. Private consultancy, input suppliers and progressive farmers were the major source of information. 64 per cent of the shrimp farmers had moderate level of information evaluation behaviour. It can be concluded from the study that the large number of shrimp farmers did not have the structured procedure of information storage and that may be the reason of deformity of information.

2 illus, 7 tables, 7 ref

046514   MANIVANNAN A (Central Institute for Cotton Research, Coimbatore- 641 003, Email: manivannan461@gmail.com) : Analysis of multi-environment yield trails of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) taub.] genotypes using GGE biplot. Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 698-701.

A set of 42 clusterbean genotypes were evaluated for yield attributing trait pods per plant over three environments. Pooled analysis of variance showed that Environments (E) explained highest proportion of variation for pods per plant, accounting for 42.16 % of it, followed by G × E interactions (GEI) effects (31.1 %) and genotype (26.7 %). Higher effect of GEI compared to G alone indicated the possible existence of mega environments among the testing locations. The biplot explained 89 % of the total variation relative to G plus GEI. Based on environment discrimination test, Environment 1 (Madurai) is the ideal environment. Which Won Where (WWW) Polygon identified the most diverse genotypes namely M local, T local, RGC1055, RGC1033, HGS75, MRSG6 and CAZG10-2 were found to be highly diverse. These genotypes also occupied the convex of the hull. The genotype CAZG10-2 won in the Environment1 (E1) and the genotype HGS75 won in both environments E2 (Coimbatore) and E3 (Kovilpatti). Genotype stability test identified genotypes namely RGC1031, R local, HGS75, MRG1786, HGS2-1, HGS365, RGC1003, HGS2-4, HGS2-20 and PNB were stable over the other genotypes as they placed near to the Average Environment Coordination (AEC) abscissa.

3 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

045098   POOJA A P, SWADIJA O K (Agronomy Dep, Agriculture Coll, Thiruvananthapuram- 695 522, Kerala) : Effect of integrated nutrient management on the performance of cassava + green manure cowpea system in lowlands. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 110-5.

An experiment was undertaken at College of Agriculture Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during 2017-18 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on the performance of cassava+ green manure cowpea system in lowlands. Short duration variety of cassava (Vellayani Hraswa) and cowpea variety (Anaswara) were used for the study. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replication, comprising three sources of organic manure [M₁ : FYM @ 12.5 t ha^-1, M₂ : FYM @ 6.25 t ha^-1 + green manuring in situ with cowpea and M₃ - poultry manure (PM) @ 2.5 t ha^-1 + green manuringin situ with cowpea], two levels of N (50 and 75 kg ha^-1) and two levels of P (25 and 50 kg P₂ O5 ha^-1) along with a uniform dose of 100 kg K₂ O ha^-1. The study revealed that the performance of lowland cassava was improved in cassava + green manure cowpea system than cassava alone. Combined application of poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha^-1 + green manuring in situ with cowpea + 75 : 25 : 100 kg NPK ha^-1 registered superior growth characters of cassava and cowpea, highest green matter yield of cowpea and tuber yield of cassava and profitability of cassava+ green manure cowpea system in lowlands.

1 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

045097   MAITY A, SAHA B, DANA S S, GUPTA R, BANDYOPADHYAY U K (Fishery Extension Dep, WBUAFS, Kolkata- 700 094) : Socio-economics of the Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) farmers in West Bengal, India: A descriptive study. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 104-9.

Shrimp aquaculture has been practicing in India for centuries in a traditional manner in a certain coastal state, but it has made its presence felt by contributing to the socio-economic development of the country only in recent years. The practice of white-leg shrimp farming is gaining popularity in most of the areas of West Bengal, encompassing with different activities towards generating livelihood among the shrimp farmers. The area under Penaeus vannamei culture in West Bengal is reported to be 4,127 ha and production of the shrimp in the year 2017-18 is 22,191MT. In view of recent set back of brackish water shrimp farming and for overall development of aquaculture, it is necessary to study socio-economic profile of shrimp farmers. Thus, the present study was undertaken in Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal among randomly selected 200 shrimp farmers to study their socio-economic profile. Data were collected with the help of structured interview schedule with observation method. Results of the study showed that most of the vannamei shrimp farmers belonged to the age groups of 36-50 years (53.5 %), while majority (56 %) growers had education up to middle level (Class VIII standard). Most (60 %) of the respondents belonged to nuclear family type and majority (65 %) belonged to small family (up to 5 members). 85 % of them had sole occupation of vannamei farming only whereas, majority (51.5 %) of the vannamei farmers belonged to general caste. 83.5 % per cent of respondents were holding up to 2 acres of land and 41 % of respondents had low level of social participation while majority (53.3 %) had medium level of economic motivation. Proper training, scientific management, sufficient financial support by Government, infrastructural development for implementation of problem soothing rules at field level can help to increase the production which in turn uplift the socio-economic status of the P. vannamei farmers.

1 table, 12 ref

045096   SABLE M S, NANDI A K, BISWAS R (Agricultural Economics Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur- 741 252, West Bengal) : Factors of paddy grain and seed production at farm level in the Indo-Gangetic basin of West Bengal. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 97-103.

Paddy contributes 90 percent food grains in the total food basket of West Bengal. Due to wide agro-ecological variations and traditional food habits, the farmers practiced paddy cultivation almost three seasons in high intensity cropping zones of lower Indo-Gangatic Basin. As it is a high volume low value food grain, the availability of quality seeds purely depends on either farm-saved or public institutions. The objective of this study is to identify the responsible factors for HYVs paddy seed production, apart from commercial grain production for increasing seed replacement rates, switching from farm-saved seeds to quality seeds in different locations, both in traditional (long history of rice-rice sequence) and non-traditional paddy dominating areas, as second or third crop per year. Two hundred samples have been selected from fourteen villages of eight CD blocks, two from each district based on probability proportional to net cropped area and at the ultimate stage with SRSWOR from four districts located each side of Lower Indo Gangetic Basin. Multivariate LSQ regression, considering the linear, linear logarithm, CobbDouglass production function and MahalanobisD² statistics has been used for the analysis of important predictors and the contribution of the significant predictors in discriminating the yield of commercial grain and seed production. Both winter and summer season are suitable for the seed production where balanced doses of fertilizers, human labour and plant protection chemicals are important factors, but the traditional belt is more advantageous than the non-traditional belts. On the other hand, for summer season, new alluvium Nadia district is suitable for seed productions. In both seasons the contribution of human labour and balanced doses of fertilizers can able to discriminate between high and low yielding groups. For the interest of cost effective higher productivity, the seed based entrepreneurs’ may be developed within the state at present with existing resources to overcome the problems of quality seed in time.

2 tables, 14 ref

045095   MONDAL K, MALIK G C, JANA K, BANERJEE M (Agronomy Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur- 741 252, West Bengal) : Performance of herbicides on weed growth and productivity of dry season transplanted rice. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 91-6.

A field experiment was conducted during the pre-kharif (dry) season of 2016 at the Farmers field of Lohagarh village, Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal with rice variety "MTU 1010" to study the performance of herbicides on weed growth and productivity of dry season transplanted rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design comprising of nine treatments with three replications. The experimental outcome revealed that rice was infested with three categories of weeds viz. sedge, grass, and broadleaf weeds. Mainly Panicum repens, Echinochloa crusgalli weeds were dominated in the experimental plot. Among the herbicide treatments, pyriftalid + bensulfuron methyl @ 900 ml ha^-1 at 9 DAT (T₆ ) recorded the lower weed population as well as dry weight of sedges, grasses, and broadleaved and total weeds but it was at par with pyriftalid + bensulfuron methyl @ 450 ml ha^-1 at 9 DAT (T5 ) followed by pretilachlor 6 % + bensulfuron 0.6 % @ 10 kg ha^-1 at 3 DAT (T₉ ) was also quite effective in controlling broad spectrum weeds. Lower values of weed density, total weed dry weight and weed index was recorded at pyriftalid + bensulfuron methyl @ 900 ml ha-1 at 9 DAT (T6 ) treatment and also higher values of growth, yield of rice, weed control efficiency, net return as well as return per rupee invested were registered with application of pyriftalid + bensulfuron methyl @ 450 ml ha^-1 at 9 DAT (T₅ ). The loss of grain yield of rice due to weed infestation was about 49 %. Application of pyriftalid + bensulfuron methyl @ 900 ml ha^-1 at 9 DAT (T6 ) was found to be the best dose of herbicide but it was at par with the application of pyriftalid + bensulfuron methyl @ 450 ml ha^-1 at 9 DAT (T₅ ) for managing weeds, obtaining higher yield (5.29 t ha^-1) and net return of transplanted pre-kharif rice in the red and lateritic belt of West Bengal.

2 tables, 15 ref

046513   MILADINOV Z, MAKSIMOVIC I, TUBIC S B, MILADINOVIC J, DJORDEVIC V, VASILJEVIC M, RADIC V (Soybean Dep, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia, Email: zlatica.miladinov@ifvcns.ns.ac.rs) : The impact of water deficit on the soybean (Glycine max L.) reproductive stage of development. Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 693-7.

Experiment was conducted in 2014, 2015 and 2016 at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia, to study the effects of water deficit treatments during a soybean reproductive stage. Two water deficit treatments were conducted T₁ (from beginning of blossom to seed maturation) and T₂ (from beginning of seed filling to seed maturation period) and control (no water deficit). The results showed that water deficit during seed formation has a significant effect on germination energy, germination precentage and abnormal seedling. Obtained results are of great importance for farmers, because under favorable conditions, a large number of abnormal seedling has the ability to sprout, reach the reproductive stage and participate in yield formation.

11 illus, 22 ref

045094   MEGHNA, PUNAM, KUMAR R, SETH M (Agronomy Dep, Forages and Grassland Management, Palampur- 176 062, Himachal Pradesh) : Effect of soil moisture regimes and sources of nutrients on carbon sequestration potential in rice-wheat cropping system. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 85-90.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil moisture regimes and sources of nutrients on carbon sequestration potential in rice-wheat cropping system on a silty clay loam soil. Results revealed that grain yield and straw yield of rice and wheat, organic carbon sequestered in plant parts, microbial biomass carbon and soil organic carbon were increased with soil moisture regimes and nutrient management practices. Irrigated condition significantly increased the grain yield and straw yield of both rice and wheat over rainfed condition. Among nutrient management practices, organic nutrient management practice produced 55.4 and 48.2 per cent higher grain yield than inorganic nutrient management in rice and wheat crops, respectively. Under irrigated condition, rice-wheat cropping system produced significantly highest biomass and sequestered carbon. Organic nutrient management resulted in 50.3 and 51.8 per cent higher biomass and sequestered carbon, respectively in comparison to inorganic nutrient management.

7 tables, 12 ref

045093   SINGH S, THAKUR D R, MANUJA S, MANKOTIA B S, SETH M (CSKHPKV, Nagrota Bagwan- 176 047, HP) : Efficacy of neem coated urea (NCU) for enhancing productivity of low land rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 73-7.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2016 and 2017 to study the effect of dose and time of application of neem coated urea (NCU) on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield and economics of rice cultivated on silty clay loam soil of Malan, Himachal Pradesh. Results of experiment showed the superiority of NCU in improving growth and yield of transplanted rice as compared to prilled urea (without neem oil coating). Also, nitrogen application in three splits was significantly better than when either 100 % or 75 % N was applied at the time of transplanting. Application of 125 % of recommended nitrogen through neem coated urea in three splits (50 % basal + 25 % MT + 25 % PI) resulted in significantly higher yield attributes (number of panicles m-2, panicle length, number of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight) as well as grain yield and straw yield and crop productivity while control treatment in which no nitrogen was applied resulted in the lowest value of yield attributes and yield. The similar trend was observed in term of economics with application of 125 % RDN through NCU in three splits giving significantly higher gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio.

3 illus, 14 ref

045092   YATHISHA K P, YOGANANDA S B, THIMMEGOWDA P, SANJAY M T, PRAKASH S S (Agronomy Dep, Agriculture Coll, Mandya- 571 405) : Growth and yield of direct seeded finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) as influenced by weed management practices. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 67-72.

Field experiment was conducted during Kharif - 2018 and 2019 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V. C. Farm, Mandya to study weed management practices in direct seeded finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.). The treatments were consisting of five pre-emergence herbicides atrazine 50 % WP, oxadiargyl 80 % WP, bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor 6.6 % G, pendimethalin 38.7 % CS and isoproturon 75 % WP, two post-emergence herbicides bispyribac sodium 10 % SC and ethoxysulfuron 15 % WG, hand weeding at 20 and 35 days after sowing and weedy check. Among different herbicides, pre-emergence application of bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor 6.6 % G @ 198 g a.i.ha^-1+ hand weeding at 30 DAS was most effective in suppressing weeds and lower weed dry weight. As a consequence of effective weed control the same treatment recorded significantly higher yield attributes, yield and B:C ratio. Uncontrolled weed growth caused 71 % reduction in grain yield of direct seeded finger millet.

4 tables, 17 ref

045091   BHUVANA N, KRISHNAMURTHY B (Agricultural Extension Dep, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telangana) : Focusing on the status and constraints of women participation in Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 62-6.

Women participation in the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (MGNREGP) is crucial for the gender equity and economic empowerment of the women in the village. But, the status of women participation in the programme is found to be declining for last few years, inspite of special provisions for women in the programme. Therefore, the study conducted at Bangalore rural district of Karnataka to examine the status of women participation and major constraints which hinder their participation in the MGNREGP, through focus group discussions and interviews of 120 women beneficiaries. The results of Garret ranking revealed that lack of basic facilities such as drinking water, toilets and crèche (rank I), unavailability of continuous work (rank II) and delay in wage payment (rank III) were the primary constraints experienced by women beneficiaries in MGNREGP. Based on the insights, the study proposes few measures for facilitating better participation of women in MGNREGP.

6 tables, 11 ref

046512   TURAN N (Field Crops Dep, Siirt Univ, Siirt, Turkey, Email: nturan49@siirt.edu.tr) : Determination of quality and chemical composition of silages obtained from Narbonne vetch (Vicia narbonensis) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) composition. Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 688-92.

Research was conducted to determine the quality and chemical composition of silages obtained by mixing in different ratios of narbonne vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in rabi season of 2017-2018 in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In the study we studied the pure sowings of barley and narbonne vetch and their mixtures (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 % of narbonne vetch (N) + 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20 % of barley (B). The values of ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), DDM (digestible dry matter), DMI (dry matter intake), DM (dry matter), CP (crude protein) and RFV (relative feed value) of silages of analyzed were respectively 33.38, 33.73, 62.89, 3.57, 24.69, 15.50 %, 174.64. We also founded that LA (lactic acid), AA (acetic acid), BA (butyric acid), PA (propionic acid) and Ca, P, Mg, K and pH of silages investigated were respectively 1.60, 0.57, 0.42, 0.06, 1.17, 0.53, 0.25, 3.51% and 3.80. Our results shows that silages with high narbonne vetch were higher quality values for CP, ADF, NDF, DM, RFV, DDM, DMI, Ca, Mg, LA which determined chemical composition and feeding quality of silages. As a result, it is suggested that mixture silages with narbonne vetch (80 %) and the barley ratio (20 %) have important advantages for some properties of silages.

1 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

045090   ROY A, HIJAM L, DAS A, ROY S K, CHAKRABORTY M, DEY P C, SAHANA N (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal) : Estimation of genetic variation and characters conglomeration for yield ascribing economic traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 56-61.

Twenty rice genotypes had been characterized to assess the yield attributing traits under the research programme in two different seasons, Pre-Kharif and Kharif following RBD with 3 replications. Statistical analysis was carried out to compute genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient variation, Broad Sense heritability and Genetic advance as percentage of mean for all the yield attributing traits. ANOVA, PCV and GCV revealed significant variations to all characters under study. All the Characters except grain length showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Genotypic correlation studies revealed that days to 50 % flowering was significantly correlated with yield. Path coefficient studies revealed that characters like plant height, days to 50 % flowering, number of effective tillers plant^-1, filled grain panicle^-1, grain breadth, grain L:B ratio and harvest index had positive direct effect on yield. The study also revealed that the potentially high yielding genotypes were Piolee, Haripowasali, Borosolpana and Satyaranjan.

4 tables, 22 ref

045089   SINGHA P, MITRA B (Agronomy Dep, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari- 736 165, West Bengal) : Nitrogen scheduling in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a NDVI sensor under sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 49-55.

A field experiment was conducted under sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal during rabi, 2017-18 and 2018-19 to assess the crop response to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sensor in optimizing the dose of fertilizer N in wheat. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Block Design (RBD) with ten N scheduling treatments[T₁ -Absolute Control i.e. no NPK, T₂ -75 kg N basal +37.5 kg N ha^-1 at crown root initiation (CRI ) and tillering (T), T₃ -60 kg N basal +30 kg N ha^-1 at CRI and T, T₄ -75 kg N basal + 75 kg N ha^-1 at CRI , T₅ -60 kg N basal + 60 kg N ha^-1 at CRI , T₆ -30 kg basal+30 kg N ha^-1 at CRI +Green Seeker (GS) at 40-45 and 60-65 DAS, T₇ -30 kg basal+60 kg N ha^-1 at CRI +GS at 40-45 and 60-65 DAS , T₈ -60 kg basal+ 60 kg N ha^-1 at CRI + GS at 40-45 and 60-65 DAS , T₉ -60 kg basal+ 30 kg N ha^-1 at CRI +GS at 40-45 and 60-65 DAS and T₁₀- Rich N with 112.5 kg basal+ 112.5 N ha^-1 at CRI ], each replicated thrice. It was revealed that all the major growth parameters, viz., plant height, tiller number, leaf area index (LAI) as well as total biomass production of wheat varied significantly with respect to various N scheduling treatments, maximum being under N-rich plots where 225 kg ha^-1 of N was applied in two equal splits. Excess N application under N-rich plot altered the source-sink relationships for which we got lesser number of filled grains spike-1 in N-rich plots despite production of higher tiller vis-à-vis spike number m-2. In both the years, the maximum grain yield (4.957 and 5.068 t ha^-1 during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively) was achieved with the treatment in which 60 kg N was applied as basal+ 60 kg N at CRI followed by GS based N application twice at 40-45 and 60-65 days after sowing (DAS). This treatment resulted in 5-7.4 % increase in yields over the recommended doses of N application with only 2-5 kg ha^-1 of additional N. However, with increasing rates of nitrogen application; there was gradual decline in partial factor productivity of N (PFPN) as well as agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). In N-rich plots where excess N (225 kg ha^-1) was applied, it resulted in very poor values of PFPN and agronomic NUE as compared to NDVI based N application. N application @ 120 kg ha^-1 recorded maximum PFPN (34.15-35.80 kg grain kg^-1 of N application) and agronomic NUE whether it was applied in 2 or 3 splits. The study revealed that the application of N based on NDVI sensor was more efficient as indicated by increased grain yield with higher values of PFPN and agronomic NUE as compared to recommended doses.

3 tables, 26 ref

045088   VANI G K, BHANDARI G, RENJINI V R, SAHU S, MISHRA P (Agricultural Economics Dep, JNKVV, Jabalprur, Madhya Pradesh) : Need for agrochemicals in era of organic farming: An economic study. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 44-8.

Over the last half century, global gross agricultural output has more grown exponentially debunking the Malthusian fear of food supplies being outstripped by rapid population growth. Green revolution has changed the scenario of food production but with higher cost to environment. To reduce damage to environment from use of chemical-intensive production practices, researchers suggest organic agricultural practices. The present study attempts to find out the contribution and relationship of chemical use to agricultural growth at global context. This will help to understand the scenario at aggregate level and will indicate how feasible the recommended substitution is. Secondary data and simple regression have been used for this purpose. The findings of the study indicate that though excess use of pesticides and fertilizers results in low yield levels but still we cannot substitute organic farming for agrochemicals based farmingOver the last half century, global gross agricultural output has more grown exponentially debunking the Malthusian fear of food supplies being outstripped by rapid population growth. Green revolution has changed the scenario of food production but with higher cost to environment. To reduce damage to environment from use of chemical-intensive production practices, researchers suggest organic agricultural practices. The present study attempts to find out the contribution and relationship of chemical use to agricultural growth at global context. This will help to understand the scenario at aggregate level and will indicate how feasible the recommended substitution is. Secondary data and simple regression have been used for this purpose. The findings of the study indicate that though excess use of pesticides and fertilizers results in low yield levels but still we cannot substitute organic farming for agrochemicals based farming.

2 tables, 15 ref

046511   MATH G K, UDIKERI M, JAGGAL L G, YAMANURA (Agricultural Sciences Univ, Dharwad- 580 005, Email: gkmathshreya@gmail.com) : Planting pattern and phosphorus management in pigeonpea and mungbean intercropping system. Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 683-7.

A field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad during rainy season of 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of planting pattern and phosphorus management on production and profitability of intercropping system of mungbean and pigeonpea. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications and eight treatments. Among them, four planting patterns [sole pigeonpea, mungbean + pigeonpea 1:3 (120 cm x 20 cm), mungbean + pigeonpea 1:2 (90 cm x 20 cm) and mungbean + pigeonpea 2:2 (90 cm x 20 cm)] were main plot treatments and two phosphorus levels (P2O5 @ 50 kg ha^-1 and P₂O₅ @ 75 kg ha^-1) were sub plot treatments. Based on pooled data the results revealed that, the significantly higher mungbean seed yield (424 kg ha^-1) was recorded with application of 75 kg P₂O₅ as compared to 50 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 . Whereas, in planting pattern, sole mungbean recorded significantly higher seed yield (757 kg ha^-1) as compared to all other intercropping systems. Yield advantage indices and net returns were significantly higher in pigeonpea + mungbean (1:3) with 75 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 as compared to other treatments. This study indicated the need of fifty per cent higher dose of P₂O₅ for the pigeonpea and mungbean intercropping system (1:3) in northern transition zone of Karnataka.

2 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

046510   MARAK T, SANDHAM T, MAHAPATRA S, DAS S (Plant Pathology Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Mohanpur- 741 252, Email: sunitamahapatra@yahoo.co.in) : Measuring and assessing the yield loss and yield loss model of green gram due to Anthracnose of green gram (Vigna radiata). Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 678-82.

Anthracnose of green gram caused by Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore occurs severely in Indo-gangetic plains every year. Experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2013 and 2014) to assess yield losses to develop yield loss models. The linear regression models were developed by two parameters i.e. per cent yield loss and avoidable yield loss as dependant variable and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) as independent variable. The two years pooled mean revealed that a drop of 0.3 to 0.33 qha^-1 in pod yield and a drop of 0.16 to 0.20 % in avoidable yield loss of pod yield due to every 1 % increase in AUDPC. Three sprays of Propiconazole 25 EC (0.1 %) at 10 days interval beginning from 20 days after sowing resulted in lowest anthracnose under moderate disease pressure and four sprays for high disease pressure resulted in highest pod yield of 5.17 q/ha and 5.08 q/ha respectively. Highest avoidable losses of pod yield and percent yield loss over potential yield due to anthracnose were 48.82 % and 3.55 % for three sprays and 49.74 % and 1.77 % for four sprays respectively. The result also showed that three sprays of fungicide (Propiconazole 25 EC @ 0.1 %) resulted in minimizing the disease and maximizing the profit by high benefit cost ratio (B:C) ratio.

2 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

045087   GHOSH S, MAHATO S, HALDER S (Fruit Science Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur- 741 252, West Bengal) : Effect of mulching and supplementary irrigation on fruit set, fruit drop, fruit retention and yield of bael (Aegle marmelos Correa.). J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 38-43.

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri, BCKV during 2015-2017 to find out the effect of mulching and supplementary irrigation on fruit set, fruit drop, fruit retention and yield of Bael (Aegle marmelos Correa.). The experiment was put on factorial RBD consist of nine treatments viz. M₀I₀ - No mulch + no irrigation (control), M₀I₁ - No mulch + basin irrigation @ 15 litres plant^-1 at 10 days interval, M₀I₂ - No mulch + basin irrigation @ 15 litres plant^-1 at 20 days interval, M₁I ₀ - Black polythene mulching + no irrigation M₁I ₁ - Black polythene mulching + basin irrigation @15 litres plant1 at 10 days interval, M₁I₂ - Black polythene mulching + basin irrigation @15 litres plant^-1 at 20 days interval. M₂I₀ - Dry leaves mulching + no irrigation, M₂I₁ - Dry leaves mulching + basin irrigation @15 litres plant^-1 at 10 days interval, M₂I₂ - Dry leaves mulching + basin irrigation @15 litres plant^-1 at 20 days interval. Which are interaction of two factor i.e. mulching and irrigation and each treatment has three replications. Result of the investigation revealed that mulching with black polythene followed by no irrigation (M1I0) before flowering improves fruit set (68.67 %) than any other treatments. Black polythene mulching + basin irrigation 15 litres plant^-1 at 10 days interval (M₁I ₁) was most effective in improving fruit retention (16.33 %) and fruit yield plant^-1 (34.49 kg) followed by dry leaves mulching + basin irrigation 15 litres plant^-1 at 10 days interval (M₂I₁).

3 tables, 6 ref

045086   SETH M, MANUJA S, SINGH S (Agronomy Dep, Forages and Grassland Management, Palampur- 176 062, Himachal Pradesh) : Effect of tillage and site specific nutrient management on yield, nutrient uptake and status of soil in wheat in rice-wheat cropping system. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 32-7.

A field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Rice and Wheat Research Centre, Malan to study the effect of tillage and site specific nutrient management on yield, nutrient uptake and status of soil in wheat in rice-wheat cropping system in silty clay loam soil. Results revealed that tillage options had no significant effect on grain yield of wheat while significantly higher grain yield of rice was recorded in conventional tillage as compared to zero tillage. The wheat yield recorded with the application of fertilizer dose recommended by software Nutrient Expert – Wheat for a target of 5.5 Mg ha^-1 was considerably lower than the targeted yield indicating the need to improve the software. Top dressing of nitrogen after irrigation gave better result than top dressing of nitrogen before irrigation though the differences were not significant. Conventional tillage and N-rich plot recorded the highest total nutrient uptake of wheat and rice. Soil fertility status (organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) was higher in zero tillage than conventional tillage.

6 tables, 12 ref

046509   FAKHR S K M, FOTOUHI F, KHANIANI B H, SADEGHI M, ZADEH S A F (Islamic Azad Univ, Dezful, Iran, Email: farbodfotouhi.unidez@gmail.com) : Effect of planting date and density on yield and yield components of bean genotypes (Vicia faba L.). Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 672-7.

In order to investigate the effects of planting date and plant density on the yield and yield components of bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars, the experiment was conducted at Safi Abad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2017 and 2018. The experiment was performed as the split factorial in the randomized complete block design with three planting dates (Oct. 12, Nov. 1, Nov. 21) as the main plot and three density levels (10, 15 and 20 plants/m² ) and two genotypes (Saraziri and line 62) as the subplots with three replications. The considered traits were the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. The results of this study showed that the planting date, density and genotype, as well as their interactions had a significant effect at 1 % and 5 % probability level on the yield and yield components of bean.

2 tables, 22 ref

045085   MUKHERJEE S, PRAMANIK K, DHAKRE D S (Agronomy Dep, Visva-Bharati, Birbhum) : Effect of zinc priming and aerobic rice cultivar on chlorophyll content, relative water content and water productivity under irrigation regime during summer season in red and lateritic soil of West Bengal. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 23-31.

Present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of seed priming with zinc sulphate and aerobic rice cultivar on chlorophyll content, yield and water productivity under irrigation regime at Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture) Farm, Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal. Results revealed that total chlorophyll content, relative leaf water content, panicle length and water productivity was highest with irrigation regime at 100 % of CPE (I100) and irrigation regime at 150 % of CPE (I150) over irrigation regime at 75 % of CPE (I75). Among the cultivars, CR-Dhan 201 recorded higher total chlorophyll content, relative leaf water content, grain yield and water productivity as compared to CR-Dhan 204 and Pyari. Zinc sulphate hepta hydrate application through seed priming at 0.3 % recorded significantly higher total chlorophyll content, relative leaf water content, panicle length, grain yield and water productivity. Thus irrigation at 100 % of CPE (I100) in combination with seed priming with ZnSO4 @ 0.3 % and CR-Dhan 201 may be adopted for aerobic rice cultivation in lateritic soil of West Bengal.

14 illus, 2 tables, 40 ref

046508   NABI F, CHAKER-HADDADJ A, CHEBAANI M, GHALEM A, MEBDOUA S, OUNANE S M (Production Vegetale Dep, Ecole Nationale Superieure Agronomique, Avenue Hassan Badi- 16004, Email: fahimanabi@yahoo.fr) : Influence of seed priming on early stages growth of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp.] grown under salt stress conditions. Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 665-71.

The study was carried out to assess the effect of seed priming to enhance salt tolerance in Algerian Maghreb Cowpea. Seeds of two cowpea landraces (A18 and TZ2) were soaked for 4 h at 25$°$C in the dark in distilled water (hydropriming) or 80 mM of NaCl, 80 mM of CaSO₄ or 80 mM of CaCl₂ (halopriming) separately. Untreated seeds were taken as control (unprimed seeds). Seeds were germinated under three salinity levels (0 (distilled water), 85 mM and 170 mM of NaCl). In general, germination traits of cowpea landraces decreased with increased salinity levels, however, seed priming significantly increased germination percentage, speed of germination, final germination percentage, radical length, hypocotyl length, epicotyl lengh and induced better vigour index under saline and nonsaline conditions as compared to the unprimed seed. Hydropriming, or halopriming with NaCl 80 mM or CaSO₄ 80 mM proved to be effective methods.

1 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

045084   JOSHI A, KUMAR A (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Govind Ballabh Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Uttarakhand) : Heterosis for yield and its contributing traits in wheat. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 9-22.

The present investigation was conducted to estimate heterotic effects for twelve yield and its associated traits in F₁ hybrids of ten bread wheat genotypes crossed in half diallel fashion. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and technology during Rabi season, 2016-17. Results revealed that based on superior per se performance and high relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis cross PBW 729 x WH 1187 was found superior for days to 75 % heading, PBW 729 x DBW 50 for days to maturity, Raj 4419 x QLD 39 for flag leaf area, PBW 729 x NIAW 1594 for number of productive tillers/plant, HD 2967 x DBW 50 for Plant height, KFA/2*KACHU x PBW 729 for Spike length, Raj 4419 x HD 2967 for number of spikelets/spike, PBW 729 x HD 2967 for number of grains/spike, UP 2762 x Raj 4419 for thousand grain weight, KFA/2*KACHU x PBW 729 for biological yield plant-1, KFA/2*KACHU x NIAW 1594 for grain yield plant^-1 and KAUZ/ALTAR84/3/MILAN/KAUZ/4/HUITES x DBW 50 for harvest index. Cross KFA/2*KACHU x PBW 729 was found superior for two traits viz., biological yield plant-1 and spike length. Therefore, these superior cross combinations can be further utilized to produce wheat hybrids with improved yield contributing traits and hence superior yield.

2 tables, 14 ref

045083   SARKAR C, PARSAD R, MISHRA D C, RAI A (Bioinformatics Dep, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi) : An ensemble approach for gene regulatory network study in rice blast. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(3), 1-8.

Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) is important to understand complex biological process like disease. An ensemble approach for network construction leads to more accurate and consistent GRN than individual methods. In this study we have combined the networks obtained from correlation, partial least square, principal component regression and ridge regression techniques using Fisher’s weighted method. The network was ensemble considering the significant edges selected from individual methods. The method was applied to gene expression data of rice blast disease to construct GRN. The stability of the obtained ensemble network was higher than the networks obtained from individual methods.

2 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

046507   SENGUPTA A, GUNRI S K, BISWAS T, SAHA J (Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur- 741 252, Email: amritasenbckv@gmail.com) : Efficacies of freshly isolated phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) on growth promotion in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) upon commonly used PSB biofertilizers in eastern India. Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 658-64.

Present study was designed to assess the prospect of fresh phosphate solubilizing bacterial isolates (PSB), to ones, used as PSBbiofertilizer in growth promotion of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Phosphate-solublizing index (PSI) of 17 isolates varied from 1.692 to 3.033, after seven days incubation. Tricalcium phosphate solubilization by PSB ranged from 309.72 to 615.28 μg/ml and highest value was recorded for isolate JCA-5. Three most efficient fresh isolates were clustered under the genera Burkholderia, Bacillus and Brevibacillus. The supplementation of elite PSB isolates augmented growth and P-uptake irrespective of edaphic conditions for groundnut. Steady increments in root (22.6 % and 25.5 %) and shoot length (27.6 % and 33.7 %), root dry-weight (20.3 % and 16.2 %), shoot dry-weight (11.3 % and 23.3 %) and P-uptake (30 % and 67 %) of groundnut was evident in red-laterite soil and new alluvial soils respectively in comparison to the previously acknowledged PSB biofertilizers.

4 illus, 6 tables, 29 ref

045082   SAHU L, DASH S, SWAIN D K, ROY S (Agriculture Dep, GIET Univ, Odisha) : Efficacy of some granular and sprayable formulations of insecticides against stem borer of rice. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(2), 290-4.

The experiment on efficacy of some granular and sprayable formulations of insecticides against stem borer of rice was conducted at the Central Farm of OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during 2015 with the objective of evaluating the efficacy of both sprayable and granular formulations of some newer insecticides having different mode of action in controlling stem borer of rice. Rice variety TN1 and Swarna were taken as test cultivar during rabi and kharif, respectively. Both granular and spray formulations of chlorantraniliprole exhibited better control of stem borer at vegetative stage of the crop resulting in 8.33-9.05 % dead heart (DH) as against 24.57 % in control during the peak activity of borer population, followed by the granular application of fipronil (12.25 % DH). At heading stage also, chlorantraniliprole was highly effective and inflicted about 2.62 and 3.73 % white ear head (WEH) as against 13.38 % in control. Hence chlorantraniliprole in both granular and spray formulation can be recommended for effective control of stem borer.

2 tables, 20 ref

045081   KUNDU C K, GOSWAMI S, MONDAL R, KUNDU A (Agronomy Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur- 741 252, West Bengal) : Effect of 2, 4-D ethyl ester 80 % EC on weed and yield of wheat in Gangetic plains of West Bengal. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(2), 284-9.

A field trial was conducted during Rabi season of 2013-14 at the RRS, New Alluvial Zone, Chakdaha, BCKV, West Bengal to study the bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity of 2,4-D Ethyl Ester 80 % EC in wheat. The experiment comprising of eight treatments and three replications was laid out in a Randomized Block Design. Applications of 2,4-D EE 80 % EC @ 0.90 kg a.i.ha^-1and 0.675 kg a.i. ha^-1 have resulted in significant effective weed control in wheat along with simultaneous enhancement of grain yield. The said treatments were statistically superior to two round of hand weeding and other market available formulation i.e. 2,4-D EE 38 % EC. Even up to 0.9 kg a.i.ha^-1 of 2,4-D EE 80 % EC application, there was found no phytotoxicity in wheat. So, this treatment can be a good option for managing weed in wheat under medium land condition of sub-humid, sub-tropical condition of West Bengal.

5 tables, 13 ref

045080   KALAICHELVI K (Agronomy Dep, Agricultural Coll and Research Institute, Madurai- 625 104, Tamil Nadu) : Assessment of seed rain of matured Parthenium hysterophorus L. with glyphosate application. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(2), 281-3.

Parthenium hysterophorus L., an obnoxious invasive weed is posing a severe threat to biodiversity and also reduces yield in different field crops and is a prolific seed producer. A field experiment was conducted to study is glyphosate and combined application of glyphosate with chlorimuron ethyl 9 g ha^-1 have any control on Parthenium seeds if it is applied at maturity stage. Complete drying was observed on 10 DAHS with glyphosate spraying at 10 ml/litre whereas, complete drying was observed only at 15 – 20 DAHS with glyphosate + chlorimuron ethyl 9g ha^-1. P. hysterophorus plants were germinated at higher rate and earlier in glyphosate applied plot; when compared to hand weeded plot and unweeded plots. This might be due to the fastened maturity of seeds or early senescence of Parthenium. Weed seed bank assessment at 0-15 cm depth revealed that glyphosate application has recorded more number of Parthenium emergence under pot culture and field condition when compared to its combination with chlorimuron ethyl at 9g ha^-1. Uprooting is found to be successful technology if the Parthenium is at maturity phase as it resulted in Zero (0) seedling emergence under field condition. To confirm weed seeds are not killed due to glyphosate application, weed seeds were collected form the glyphosate applied treatments and raised under microplot condition. Seeds expressed 95 per cent germination which showed that glyphosate application has no check on weed seeds and its viability.

2 tables, 8 ref

045079   BASUMATARY B, MAHANTA B, BORAH A, DUTTA P (Nematology Dep, Assam Agricultural Univ, Jorhat- 785 013, Assam) : Interaction of Meloidogyne incognita and Colletotrichum lagenarium complex in ivy gourd (Coccinia indica L.). J Crop Weed 2020, 16(2), 277-80.

A pot experiment was carried out during the rabi season of 2015-2016 to study the interaction of Meloidogyne incognita and Colletotrichum lagenarium on ivy gourd. Experimental study revealed that, the dual inoculation treatments significantly decreased plant growth parameters were the treatment with M. incognita@ 1000J2 kg^-1 of soil and C. lagenarium @ 2 % (w/w). The treatment with M. incognita @ 1000J2 kg^-1 of soil + C. lagenarium @ 2 % (w/w) simultaneous inoculation was statistically superior in decreasing the plant growth parameters of ivy gourd. The number of galls, eggmasses and final nematode population were maximum in the treatment with M. incognita @ 1000 J2 per kg of soil. The maximum disease incidence was observed in the treatments with M. incognita @ 1000J2 kg^-1 of soil + C. lagenarium @ 2 % (w/w) after 15 days of inoculation and simultaneous inoculation of M. incognita @ 1000J2 kg^-1 of soil + C. lagenarium @ 2 % (w/w).

2 tables, 13 ref

045078   KUNDU C K, DEVI N M, MAITRA S, KUNDU A, KOIRENG R J (Agronomy Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal) : Bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity study of 2, 4-D ethyl ester 38 % EC in kharif rice. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(2), 274-6.

An experiment was conducted in the Regional Research Station, Chakdaha of West Bengal during kharif season of 2013 to study the bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity of 2,4-D ethyl ester 38 % EC in rice. The study revealed that the weed density and weed dry weight were found to be lowest in 2,4-D ethyl ester 38 % EC @ 3.4 kg a.i ha^-1 which remained at par with its lower dose of 1.7 kg a.i ha^- ). The maximum weed control efficiency was recorded in two rounds of hand weeding being, 75.84 %, 82.24 % and 88.03 % at 20, 40 and 60 DAS, respectively. That was at par with application of 2, 4-D ethyl ester 38 % EC @ 3.4 kg a.i. ha^-1. Unlike weed control efficiency, both the mentioned treatments followed similar trend in registering the grain yield of rice. There was no phytotoxic effect of 2,4-D ethyl ester 38 % EC @ 3.4 kg a.i ha^-1on the rice crop.

1 table, 13 ref

045077   BARICK B B, PATRA B C, BANDYOPADHYAY P (Agronomy Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur- 741 252, West Bengal) : Performance of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) under varied irrigation and sowing methods. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(2), 269-73.

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2017-18 at the Instructional Farm, Jaguli, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal to study the effect of irrigation levels and methods of sowing on production potential of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. Prain). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four (4) irrigation levels included in main plots viz. rainfed (I1 ), IW:CPE of 0.6 (I2 ), IW:CPE of 0.8 (I3 ), IW:CPE of 1.0 (I4 ) and three (3) methods of sowing viz. broadcasting (M1 ), line sowing (M2 ) and transplanting [(M3 ), (10 days old seedlings)] arranged in sub-plots. The result of the experiment revealed that the growth attributes viz. plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production and crop growth rate; yield attributes viz. primary branches plant-1, siliqua plant-1, seeds siliqua-1 and test weight (g) and yield of rapeseed were recorded to be maximum under I4 which recorded 55.69% increase in yield over control (I1 ), however, M2 registered 17.63 % increased yield over M1 . I4 M2 performed the best with respect to yield (920.28 kg ha-1) along with better (2.41 kg ha-1 mm-1) water use efficiency (WUE); however, the highest WUE had been recorded in I1 M2 . I4 M1 recorded the highest net return (Rs.45219.20) as well as B: C (2.13) among all the treatment combinations.

4 tables, 8 ref

045076   KAUL A, TYAGI M, SINGH B (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pathankot- 145 023) : Quantification of yield gap in kharif mash through frontline demonstration in sub-mountainous area of Punjab, India. J Crop Weed 2020, 16(2), 265-8.

The present investigation was carried out by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pathankot during the year 2018-19 and 2019-20 in three clusters of three blocks of the district. 75 front line demonstrations were conducted on kharif mash variety Mash-114. The results of the study revealed a higher average grain yield (887kg ha^-1) in the demonstration plots compared to check plots of farmers practice (725 kg ha^-1). There was 18.25 per cent increase in yield of demonstration plots from farmer’s practice. However, the highest grain yield was obtained in demonstration plots as compared to farmers plot in all the blocks of the district. But among the three blocks higher grain yield was observed in block Pathankot and lowest in the Dhar kalan block. The higher grain yield in this block was due to the good status of soil as well as timely sowing of the crop. Technology gap and extension gap was 112 kg ha^-1 and 162 kg ha^-1 respectively. The technology index for Pathankot district in the kharif mash crop was 11.25 percent. Overall, net returns (Rs. 41945) and benefit: cost ratio (3.07) was also higher in demonstration plots as compared to check plots.

3 tables, 12 ref

045075   SINGH C, JAMBUKIYA H (Wheat Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh- 362 001, Gujarat) : Effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators on growth and yield attributing characters of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). J Crop Weed 2020, 16(2), 258-64.

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif 2017 to study the response of foliar application of plant growth regulators in terms of morpho-physiological parameters, yield and yield attributing characters of green gram. The results indicated that foliar application of NAA @ 75 ppm or CCC @ 150 ppm at 15 and 45 days after sowing improved the morphological characters like plant height, root volume, number of branches plant-1.The foliar spray of CCC @ 150 ppm recorded maximum dry weight in all parts of the plant at all stages. Important growth parameters viz., AGR, CGR, RGR, NAR, LAD and LAI were significantly influenced by the application of PGRs in comparison with water spray control. CCC @ 150 ppm was found superior over other treatments for the AGR, CGR, NAR, and LAI during 15-45 and 30-45 DAS. Biochemical parameters like nitrate reductase activity, total protein, total soluble sugar and seed protein was significantly influenced by the PGRs treatments. The foliar spray of NAA @ 75 ppm recorded maximum total protein and seed protein in green gram cv. GM-4. The results on various yield and yield attributes indicated that all the yield contributing characters viz., number of seed per pod, dry weight of pod plant-1, filled pod plant-1, 1000 seed weight, seed yield increased significantly due to foliar spray of PGRs.

5 tables, 42 ref

045074   SAHU P, TRIPATHY P, SAHU G S, DASH S K, PATTANAYAK S K, SARKAR S, TRIPATHY B, NAYAK N J, MISHRA S (Vegetable Science Dep, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha) : Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and fruit yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). J Crop Weed 2020, 16(2), 254-7.

Field experiment was conducted at AICRP on Vegetable Crops of OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during summer, 2018 to study the efficacy of different sources of nutrients on growth and yield of cucumber. The experiment was laid out in RBD replicated thrice having twelve INM modules including absolute control.The results revealed significant variations among different treatments for growth and yield in cucumber. Invariably, integrated application of 50 % of RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 + biofertilizer recorded not only significantly highest vine length (1313.00 cm), primary branches vine^-1 (3.00), fruit length (19.79 cm), fruit girth (15.13 cm), average fruit weight (194.13 g) and fruit vine^-1 (11.07) but also fruit yield (214.05 q ha^-1) than rest of the treatments. Similarly, the module also showed significantly lowest sex ratio (3.43) and maximum extended period of fruit harvesting (41.00 to 68.00 days). On the other hand, significantly lowest vegetative growth (i.e., vine length of 550.67 cm and primary branches vine^-1 of 1.93), delayed in 1st fruit harvest (44.33 days), lowest yield attributing parameters (i.e., fruit length : 12.76 cm, fruit girth : 10.57 cm, average fruit weight : 92.00 g, fruits vine^-1 : 4.20) and total fruit yield (53.70 q ha^-1) in plots without any fertilizer and biofertilizer. The next better treatment was integrated application of 100 % RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha^-1 + biofertilizer for growth and yield in cucumber.Thus, it may be concluded that integrated application of 50 % RDF + FYM @ 10 tha^-1 + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha^-1 + biofertilizer not only increases vegetative growth but also fruit yield in cucumber.

2 tables, 14 ref

046498   SARKAR S, PANDA S, YADAV K K, KANDASAMY P (Agronomy Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani- 741 235, Email: smritikanasarkar12@gmail.com) : Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) an important food legume in Indian scenario – A review. Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 601-10.

According to Indian Institute of Pulses Research Vision document, India’s population is expected to touch 1.68 billion by 2030 and the pulse requirement for the year 2030 is projected at 32 million tonnes with anticipated required annual growth rate of 4.2 %. Pigeon pea is an important legume crop cultivated across several countries throughout the tropics and subtropics. They are cultivated in India, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Caribbean, East and West Africa. Commonly known as ‘Arhar’ in Northern India, this protein rich pulse crop has growing demand in Asia. Among the pulses pigeon pea is the second most important kharif grain legume after chickpea in India and grown predominantly under rainfed conditions. The kernels are nutritionally rich containing 20-22 % protein. Its cultivation would be able to provide 40-60 kg N/ha to the subsequently grown crop. The leaves and immature stems can be used as a green manure. Fallen leaves can also be used as mulch and thus help to enhance the water holding capacity of soil. Its beneficial effect as an intercrop has also been reported. Sometimes ground dry peas are mixed with wheat flour just to improve the flour quality and its protein content. Additionally, pigeon pea shares a vital part in India’s pulse import and export. Keeping all these in view the present review depicts the various aspects of pigeon pea cultivation and its status in Indian trade on pulse.

1 illus, 1 table, 105 ref