018368   Sharma C K;Pradeep Kumar;Dubey R C (Botany and Microbiology Dep, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249 404, Email: profrcdubey@gmail.com) : Carrier-based tripartite bacterial consortia promote growth of Lycopersicon esculentum L. Scient Trans Envir Technovation 2015, 8(4), 173-7.

An a ppropriate formulation of bacterial inoculum is required to enhance the productivity of plants in field. Sawdust, sugarcane-bagasse and charcoal were used as solid carriers to enhance the shelf-life of bioinoculants. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PG PR) screened from tomato rhizosphere were characterised and identified on the basis of carbon source utilization by comparing with standard bacterial cultures and UPGMA cluster analysis using MVSP software version 3.2. Pseudomon as sp. LEP17, Azotobacter sp. LEP21 and Bacillus sp. LEP25 showed synergistic effect with each other. Threebacterial consortia showed the maximum viability on sawdust followed by charcoal and sugarcane-bagasse at 360th day of inoculation. Seed germination and seedling emergence got increased with treatment of bacterial isolates individually as well as its consortia. The above bioformulation enhanced the growth of Lycopersicon esculentum in field trials. The tripartite consortium of Pseudomon as sp. LEP17, Azotobacter sp. EP21 and Bacillus sp. LEP25 resulted in better growth followed by twin bacterial consortium and individual isolates.

5 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

018367   Sawant R L;Jadhav K A;Tanpure K D;Bharat A V (NO, Padmashri Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation's College of Pharmacy, Ahmednagar-414 111) : Bioanalytical method development for simultaneous estimation of quinine and ciprofloxacin by using RP-HPLC. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(4), 36-47.

New, rapid, sensitive and specific liquid chromatographic method with UV detection for the simultaneous estimation of quinine and ciprofloxacin was developed. Separation was achieved with Hibar^R 250-4.6 HPLC column Purosphens^R STAR RP-18 and mobile phase containing acetonitrile: methanol: triethylamine (0.1%) in double grade distilled water in the ratio 1:6:3 (pH was adjusted with ortho-phosphoric acid as 3.8) at flow rate 1 ml/min. containing biological matrix as animal plasma with the addition of anticoagulant EDTA. Micro-centrifuge (Romi, RM-12C.) was used for the preparation of biological matrix. Quantitation was achieved with UV detector at 236 nm. The selected chromatographic conditions effectively separated quinine and ciprofloxacin with retention time of 3.092 and 4.158 min. respectively. The developed method is precise, accurate, reproducible and specific.

7 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

018366   Satveer Kaur;Khanna V (Microbiology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 001, Email: satveerbrar30@gmail.com ) : Evaluation of synergistic potential of plan growth promoting rhizobacteria with Rhizobium in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(2), 995-8.

A pot experiment was conducted in glass house at PAU research farm, Ludhiana, Punjab, India to evalu-ate effect of co-inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with Rhizobium on mungbean productivity. Co-inoculation showed a significant increase at 5% in nodule number, nodule dry weight, shoot and root dry and fresh weight, plant length, no. of pods, chlorophyll and leghaemoglobin content, over Rhizobium alone. Application of PGPRs R-4, R-6, S-5, S-9 and S-11 along with Rhizobium further enhanced the grain yield over Rhizobium inocula-tion alone. Rizobacterial isolates R-6 and S-11 co-inoculated with Rhizobium showed better result than other iso-lates. These plant beneficial rhizobacteria may decrease the global dependence on various hazardous agricultural chemicals used in mungbean.

4 tables, 21 ref

018365   Ruschak N I;Zubkov V O;Gritsenko I S (Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, , Str. Galitska 2, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine) : Novel amides containing quinoline-4-one moeity: synthesis and in silico prediction their biology activity. Pharma Innovation 2016, 5(7), 49-52.

To extend the molecular diversity of the derivatives of 3-alkyl carboxylic acids of quinolin-4-ones were synthesized a series of new amides 3-(2-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-yl) propanoic acids. The final compounds were obtained by several ways. When acids were activated by standard activators, the highest yield of amide was observed by using SOCl₂. Direct aminolysis of esters of 3-(2-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-yl) propanoic acids can be realized when their structures have electron withdrawing group in the à- position alkylcarbonyl chain.

14 ref

018364   Rathore J S;Phulwaria M;Rai M K;Shekhawat S; Shekhawat N S (Botany Dep, Biotechnology Centre, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur-342 001, Email: jitendrarathorelmc@gmail.com) : Use of liquid culture medium and ex vitro rooting for micropropagation of Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. ssp. cupressiformis. Indian J Pl Physiol 2015, 20(2), 172-6.

Micro-propagation method using liquid culture medium has been developed for Acacia nilotica ssp. cupressiformis. Nodal segments obtained from mature tree (15-20 years old) was used as explants for bud breaking and multiple shoot induction. MS liquid medium with 2.0 mg l^-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) was the best for shoot bud induction. Further shoots multiplication was achieved by subculturing of in vitro produced shoot clumps (2-3 shoots) in liquid medium supplemented with various concentrations of BAP. Maximum number of shoots (12.57 ± 0.37) and shoot length (10.11 ± 0.42) were recorded in MS liquid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l^-1 of BAP. About 90 % shoots rooted ex-vitro on soilrite within 3-4 weeks when base (3-5 mm) of shoots was treated with 300 mg l^-1 of indole-3-butyric acid for 5 min. The plantlets were hardened successfully in the green house and transferred to the polybags. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a micro-propagation protocol for A. nilotica ssp. cupressiformis.

2 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

018363   Ramulu S P;Nagalakshmi D;Kishan Kumar M (Animal Nutrition Dep, College of Veterinary Sciences, Rajenranagar, Hyderabad-30, Email: dnlakshmi@rediffmail.com) : Effect of zinc supplementation on haematology and serum biochemical constitutents in Murrah buffalo calves. Indian J Anim Res 2015, 49(4), 482-6.

Eighteen buffalo calves (125±2.5 kg) were randomly allotted to 3 groups in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were viz., Basal diet (BD; 29.72 ppm Zn from feed ingredients), BD supplemented with 80 and 140 ppm Zn as ZnSO₄.7H₂O (22% Zn). The nutritional requirements were met by feeding sorghum stover based complete diets comprising of mainly sorghum stover, maize grain, soya bean meal and red gram chunni for a period of 120 days. Results showed that Zn supplementation at either 80 or 140 ppm had no influence on haematological constituents (haemoglobin, total erythrocyte and leucocytes count, packed cell volume, MCV, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes) and biochemical constituents (total protein, albumin, cholesterol, glucose and albumin: globulin ratio) analyzed at 90 d of trial. Irrespective of dose, alkaline phosphatase activity and globulin concentration in serum increased (P<60>0.05) with Zn supplementation and no difference was observed between two doses of Zn supplementation. The Zn supplementation at higher concentration (140 ppm) had no adverse affect on concentrations of copper, manganese and iron in the serum at 60, 90 and 120 d of blood collection. An increase in serum Zn concentration was observed in 80 and 140 ppm Zn supplemented calves at 120 d of experiment. The study indicated that Zn supplementation at either 80 or 140 ppm in diets of buffalo calves improved the serum globulin concentration, a component of immune system and Zn supplementation up to 140 ppm (total dietary concentration of 169.72 mg/kg) had no adverse effect on serum trace mineral concentration, haematological and biochemical constituents.

4 tables, 39 ref

018362   Ramnath M G;Thirugnanasampandan R;Sadasivam M;Mohan P S (Biotechnology Dep, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029, Email: rtsampandan@yahoo.com) : Antioxidant, antibacterial and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of abietic acid from Isodon wightii (Bentham) H.Hara. Free Radical Antioxidant 2015, 5(1), 1-5.

Isodon is an important genus of the family Lamiaceae which contains diterpenoids of diverse functionalities. The present study attempted with isolation, structure elucidation and bioactivity evaluation of isolated compound from the leaves of Isodon wightii (Bentham) H. Hara. Petroleum ether extract of powdered leaves was obtained and concentrated in vacuo at 45°C. Compound was isolated using silica gel column chromatography (60-120 mesh). Antioxidant activity of isolated compound was tested for DPPH free radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation and metal ion chelation activities. Antibacterial activity was tested against six pathogenic bacteria by micro broth dilution method and in vitro antiacetyl cholinesterase activity of isolated compound was also studied. Abietane diterpenoid, abietic acid was isolated from the leaves of I. wightii and the structure has been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Abietic acid isolated from petroleum ether extract of leaves showed moderate DPPH free radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging and less inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation and metal ion chelating activities. Antibacterial activity of abietic acid against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus was found in the range of 340-980 μg/mL. Antiacetylcholinesterase activity of abietic acid was less when compared with positive control. Abietic acid showed concentration dependent antioxidant, antibacterial and antiacetylcholinesterase activities.

1 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

018361   Ramani V N;Davara D K;Anadani V P;Detroja A M (Plant Pathology Dep, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, Email: dfrsvlb@jau.in) : Evaluation of fungicides, botanicals and biocontrol agents against banana antharcnose disease under in vitro condition. Int J Pl Prot 2015, 8(2), 228-33.

Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) is the most popular tropical fruit crops grown in India. It is affected by several post-harvest diseases among them anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (P. Henn), caused huge loss in quality and quantity of fruits. Therefore affords were made to screen the different systemic, contact and combination of six fungicides, botaniclas and biocontrol agents in vitro condition against test fungus. Among systemic fungicides, carbendazim 50 per cent WP at 50 ppm, contact fungicides copper oxychloride 50 per cent WP at 500 ppm and combination of fungicides carbendazim 12 per cent WP + mancozeb 63 per cent WP at 100 ppm concentrations were found the most effective and gave cent per cent growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides. Lantana leaves extract at 10 per cent solvent was also effective and resulted 66.41 per cent growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides. Among the biocontrol agents, Trichoderma harzianum gave 62.43 per cent growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides (62.43%).

5 tables, 15 ref

018360   Preedaa M G et al (NO, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal-637 002, Email: preprand@gmail.com) : Molecular techniques in rumen biotechnology. Agric Rev 2016, 37(1), 55-60.

This review analyses the use of molecular techniques in rumen microbial identification. The use of regular methods like roll tube and most probable number resulted in under estimation of rumen microbial growth. So molecular biology acts as an advanced tool for rumen microbial culture and identification of various new species. These techniques give complete descriptions of individual ruminal populations. Use of molecular techniques like PCR, DDGE and FISH, which also pave pathway for genetic manipulation of rumen microbes in the field of rumen manipulation. So the combination of traditional and molecular assays gives accurate and satisfactory results.

^iia1 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

018359   Pawan Kumar;Manoj Kumar;Thakur S;Rajneesh; Mattu V K;Seth A (NO, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Panthaghatti, Shimla-09, Email: manoj8441@gmail.com) : Phylogenetic analysis of Noctuoid moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) by RAPD-PCR Technique. Asian J Adv Basic Sci 2015, 4(1), 61-7.

Noctuoidea is one of the most diverse families within the Lepidoptera. In present study we examined the phylogeny of the Noctuoidea between four species of moths and constructed Phylogenetic tree based on the data from the RAPD technique. Random amplified polymorphic DNA technique has the potential to become a powerful technique for studying genetic relationship and genetic diversity in Lepidopteron. Two primers namely OPA-9 and OPA-13 were used for RAPD analysis. A total of 31 bands were scored with the two decamer primer of them all are monomorphic and percentage of polymorphism is 0%. On the basis of banding pattern of RAPD bands dendrogram constructed with Neighbor joining method which shows Phylogenetic evolution history within four species of Noctuoidea. There is significant difference between branching pattern between the four species which signifies the need of using of RAPD molecular technique for taxonomic classification and to plot the evolutionary relationship between the species.

3 illus, 2 tables, 43 ref

018358   Patil S D (Entomology Dep, Agricultural Research Station, , Niphad, Nasik, Maharashtra, Email: saurushrutu@gmail.com) : Influence of different media on growth, biomass production, sporulation and concentrations of liquid form of Nomuraea rileyi inoculum's on its growth, development and bioefficacy against Spodoptera litura. Int J Pl Prot 2015, 8(2), 287-94.

Entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson was mass produced in different liquid media. The nine media of various nutrient sources were evaluated to find out most suitable medium for growth, biomass and viability of N. rileyi. Sabouraud's dextrose broth with yeast extract proved to be superior which gave significantly highest cfu (8.33x10⁸/ml) and biomass (6.10g). The next best medium was Sabouraud's maltose broth with yeast extract and potato dextrose broth with yeast extract which registering cfu count of (7.33x10⁸ and 5.67x10⁸ cfu/ml) and biomass (5.63 and 4.20g), respectively. The lowest (21.67%) medium surface coverage and least biomass (1.04g) and cfu (2.33x10⁸ /ml) were registered in medium with malt extract. Thus, considering growth, development and viability of N. rileyi Sabouraud's dextrose broth with yeast extract (SDY) emerged as the most potential medium for biomass production and sporulation. The growth of N. rileyi increased with increase in concentration of inoculums in Sabouraud's dextrose broth with yeast extract. N. rileyi (2x10⁹) 90.0 per cent produced highest biomass (11.17g). However, it was at par with 30.0 to 80.0 per cent N. rileyi producing the fungal biomass of 10.57 to 11.07g, respectively. The biomass at 10 DAI was lowest 7.63g in concentration of 10.0 per cent. Maximum (21.67x10⁸ cfu/ml) cfu count was registered in 50 per cent concentration of N. rileyi aqua suspension. However, it was at par with that in 40 per cent (20.67x10⁸ cfu/ml) and 30 per cent (19.67x10⁸ cfu/ml) inoculums of aqua suspension. The increase in concentration of N. rileyi culture from 10 per cent (pH 8.04) to 90 per cent (pH 8.84) there was gradual increase in pH as compared the SDY medium pH (6.46) measured before adding the inoculum. Studies carried out under laboratory condition to know dose mortality response between different instars of S.litura and N. rileyi indicated that fungus performed better at its higher. Concentration (1.8x10⁷ cfu/ml) compared to lower concentrations viz., 2.0x10⁶ to 1.6x10⁷ cfu/ml. the N. rileyi was found to be highly effective to early instars of S.litura.

2 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

018357   Parmar G M;Ghelani Y H;Mungra K D;Patel P R; Chaudhari N N (Entomology Dep, Junagadh Agricultural University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, Email: dr_gmparmar@rediffmail.com) : Monitoring of ear head worm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) through sex pheromone in pearl millet crop. Int J Pl Prot 2015, 8(2), 345-9.

Monitoring of adults of ear head worm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) through male sex pheromones was studied during Kharif 2002 to 2011 in pearl millet crop at Jamnagar, Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh. Highest number of moth catches was recorded during 35 th MSW i.e. 27th August to 2nd September. Adult moth catches were found negatively correlated with maximum temperature (r = -0.1698). Farmers are advised to install sex pheromone trap for monitoring and mass collection of adult male moth of H. armigera @ 5 traps/ha at a height of 2.0 m from 1st week of August to 2nd week of September.

4 tables, 10 ref

018356   Pankaj Kumar;Yadav B;Yadav S (College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, , Mathura-281 001, Email: drbrijvet@gmail.com) : Effect of zinc and selenium supplementation on semen quality of Barbari bucks. Indian J Anim Res 2014, 48(4), 366-9.

Present study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of zinc and selenium on semen quality in twelve Barbari bucks of proven fertility. The experimental animals were randomly divided into two groups of six and fed without any supplementation (control) or with 150-ppm zinc sulfate and 0.50-ppm sodium selenate (test group). Semen was collected on days 0, 60, 75, 90 and 105 to study its characteristics. In control group, no significant change was observed in semen quality during the study period. In test group, semen quality was improved in terms of a significant (P <60>0.05) only at 105 days as compared to 0 day. It is concluded that the supplementation of Zn and Se can improve semen quality in goats.

1 table, 29 ref

018355   Oloumi H;Soltaninejad R;Baghizadeh A (Ecology Dep, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Email: razieh.soltany@gmail.com) : Comparative effects of nano and bulk size particles of CuO and ZnO on glycyrrhizin and phenolic compounds contents in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. seedlings. Indian J Pl Physiol 2015, 20(2), 157-61.

Elicitors such as heavy metals are used to stimulate secondary metabolite production in plants. In this study the effects of bulk and nano size of ZnO and CuO particles on some secondary metabolites were compared in licorice seedlings. To this aim, content of reducing sugars (as precursor of secondary metabolites), proline, glycyrrhizin, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins and tannins were measured and compared in 21 days seedling of Glycyrrhiza glabra under 1 and 10 μM of each nano particles of zinc oxide, copper oxide (nZnO, nCuO), or bulk size particles of zinc oxide and copper oxide (bZnO, bCuO). Mean of data compared using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test. The concentration of 10 μM bulk size particles of zinc oxide decreased the content of reducing sugars. The contents of glycyrrhizin, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins and proline were increased by 1 and 10 μM of nZnO and bCuO. 10 μM bZnO treatment increased the content of tannins in G. glabra seedlings. From the results it could be concluded that bulk and nano size ZnO and CuO particles affect secondary metabolite production of licorice seedlings in different patterns.

2 illus, 35 ref

018354   Ojiako O A;Chikezie P C;Ogbuji A C (Biochemistry Dep, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, Email: p_chikezie@yahoo.com) : Antioxidant status of liver and kidney homogenates from hyperglycemic rats administered with single and combinatorial herbal formulations. Free Radical Antioxidant 2015, 5(1), 13-20.

Present study ascertained the comparative capacities of single and combinatorial herbal formulations of Acanthus montanus, Emilia coccinea, Hibiscus rosasinensis and Asystasia gangetica to exert glycemic control and ameliorate oxidative stress in renal and hepatic tissues of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats (HyGR) following 30 days treatment. Phytochemical composition of the herbal extracts and fasting plasma glucose concentration (FPGC) of the rats were measured by standard methods. The post mitochondrial supernatant fractions (PMSF) of renal and hepatic tissues homogenates were measured for activity levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPOx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as glutathione (GSH) concentration. Comparatively, flavonoids were the most abundant phytochemical present in the four herbal extracts. FPGC of treated HyGR was within the range of 66.30 ± 0.71 - 133.00 ± 0.63 mg/dL as against the untreated hyperglycemic rat group = 368.20 ± 0.72 mg/dL (p<60> 0.05). At the end of the experimental time, treated HyGR liver SOD activities were lower than that of normal group (p<60> 0.05). Liver and kidney GPOx activities of HyGRwere 2.36 folds and 3.93 folds lower than the normal rats. Furthermore, liver and kidney CAT activities of the treated HyGR were significantly (p<60> 0.05) lower than the normal rats, whereas liver and kidney GSH/GSSG ratios were significantly (p<60> 0.05) increased when compared with treated HyGR. Combinatorial herbal formulations exerted greater glycemic control than the single herbal formulations and caused a sparing effect on renal and hepatic antioxidants against reactive oxygen species.

5 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

018353   Narayanan S;Ramachandran B;Rajendiran S; Chandra S;Tiwari A;Rajarethinam R;Vasudev R K (Biotechnology Dep, Centre for Post-graduate Studies, Jain Univ, Bengaluru-560 011, Email: sam19narayan@yahoo.co.in) : Potent antitumour activity of (-)epigallocatechin gallate: indications from in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies. Curr Sci 2016, 110(2), 187-95.

Antitumour efficacy of (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was evaluated in vitro against the cancer cell lines BxPC-3 (pancreatic cancer), A549 (lung cancer), SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma), MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 (breast cancer); in vivo in nude mice by tumour growth inhibition of pancreatic cancers (BxPC-3, MIAPaCa-2), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and in silico by docking studies. EGCG significantly inhibited these cancer cell lines in vitro and showed significant tumour reduction in vivo. EGCG docked on to the Her-2 receptor (1N8Y) and the tubulin dimer receptor at a site other than the existing docetaxel ligand. Overall our results suggest that EGCG has potent antineoplastic activity.

9 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

018352   Nandini S;Mohan S (Fertilizer Control Laboratory, , Tiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, Email: nandhunannu@gmail.com) : Detection of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, Saunders infestation using Soft X-ray machine. Int J Pl Prot 2015, 8(2), 256-60.

An experiment was carried on standardization of X-ray radiography methodology for the detection of pink bollworm infestation in cotton bolls during 2012-14 at Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. Studies revealed that the controllable input electrical parameters of the X-ray machine viz., voltage, current and exposure period required for the detection of internal infestation varied widely for cotton bolls compared to stored grains and fruits tested by other scientists. High voltage and current were required for dense cotton bolls to ensure adequate penetration of radiation. It was observed on visual analysis that the X-ray radiation generated at 80 kV and 10 mA for 30 seconds resulted in the best visual images to view internal content of cotton bolls and observed to be the best for cotton bolls imagery out of 96 combinations tested for best detection of hidden infestation. While other combinations, for example, 60Kv, 4mA for 10 seconds and 90 Kv, 10mA for 30 seconds manifested into lighter and darker images, respectively.

1 table, 16 ref

018351   Murab T;Chandurkar P;Choudhary A;Tripathi N (Biotechnology and Biochemistry Dep, Career College, Bhopal) : In vitro propagation of Rauwolfia serpentina (Linn.) Benth: an attempt to save an endangered medicinal plant. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(3), 398-408.

Rauwolfia serpentine commonly known as Indian Snakeroot or Sarpagandha is an important Indian medicinal plant used as antihypertensive agent. In the present study an efficient protocol was established using in vitro micropropagation method for development of plantlet from nodal explants with multiple shooting followed by rooting using various combinations of growth hormones. This protocol will aid in the conservation of endangered medicinal plant i.e., Rauwolfia serpentine thereby helping in mass propagation of plant. The nodal explants were cultured on MS medium containing varying concentration of Kinetin (K) in combination with Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) produced multiple shoots. Maximum multiple shoots induction from axiallary bud occurred in MS media containing 2.5mg/lK + 0.4 mg/lIAA while root induction was best in MS media containing 0.6mg/lK + 2.0 mg/lIAAmg/land callus was induced in MS media containing 0.8 mg/l K +1.8 mg/l 2,4-D.

3 tables, 8 ref

018350   Mukherjee A;De S;Verma A;Dass G;Chakraborty D (Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Email: ayanabtc@gmail.com) : Prediction of structure and functions from full length coding sequence of SRY gene in crossbred and Indicine bulls. Indian J Anim Res 2015, 49(2), 180-6.

Sex-determining Region on Y chromosome (SRY) is testis determining factor in mammalian species. It encodes a protein that possess high mobility group (HMG) DNA-binding domain and acts as an architectural transcription factor. Mutation in this gene causes sex-reversal in many mammalian species. Detailed structure and exact biological functions of this protein in bovine species are not known. In the present study the full length coding sequences of the gene from crosssbred and indicine bulls were amplified, translated in silico and 3D model of the protein were predicted from the amino acid sequences. Predicted structure-activity relationship of the protein states that the protein is subcellular, essential, N-glycosylated in nature and is involved in sex determination and neuroendocrine functioning in central and peripheral nervous systems. The proteins have also plausible role in RNA metabolism, transition-metal and calmodulin binding. Overall this structural and functional information about the protein in bovine species will reinforce the understanding of domain-specific role of this protein and development of diagnostics for sex-determination in bovine species.

5 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

018348   Marathe R J;Dhumal C D;Sonawane A M (Microbiology Dep, S.P. College Shardanagar, Baramati, Maharashtra-413 115) : Biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibits antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6A (BC4). Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(4), 186-99.

Today the development of reliable and ecofriendly processes for the synthesis of nanomaterial is an important aspect of nanotechnology. One of the most important approaches used for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is is by using plant bioactive molecules. Most of the plant extracts contain phenolic compounds, or tannins which act as both reducing and capping agents forming stable NPs.The present study deals with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the leaf extract of Psidiumguajava. Addition of Psidiumguajava leaf extract to aqueous silver nitrate solution resulted in rapid reduction of the silver ions indicated the formation of AgNPs in solution. The characterization of synthesized nan oparticles was done by UV-visible spectroscopy (Uv-vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM analysis showed that the size of the AgNPs ranges from 10-50 nm, whereas UV-Visible analysis showed the absorption spectra of AgNPs peak at 430nm.These biogenically synthesized AgNPs exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6A(bc4). Confocal Laser Scanning microscopy analysis (CLSM) showed that these AgNPs exhibit potent antibiofilm activity of Pseudomonas aerug inosa 6A (bc4). Exposure to these AgNPs also retarded swimming; swarming and twitching motility of P aeruginosa 6A. In conclusion our data suggest AgNPs as a promising template for the design of novel antibacterial agents.

7 illus, 41 ref

018347   Lovlace Kaur;Zhawar V K (Biochemistry Dep, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural Univers, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: vikram97jit@pau.edu) : Phenolic parameters under exogenous ABA, water stress, salt stress in two wheat cultivars varying in drought tolerance. Indian J Pl Physiol 2015, 20(2), 151-6.

Phenolic parameters were studied in two wheat cultivars PBW 343 (drought susceptible) and C 306 (drought tolerant) under exogenous ABA, water stress (WS) and salt stress (SS). ABA decreased shoot length and increased root length in both cultivars, where increase of root length was higher in C 306. It increased lignin, phenolics, cell wall-associated peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) in shoots and roots of both cultivars, however, increases in peroxidases and PPOs were higher in C 306, while increases of lignin and phenolics were higher in PBW 343. Under WS and SS, parameters were regulated in almost the same manner as under ABA, except increases of cell wall-associated PPOs were higher in PBW 343 than C 306 under WS. Root lignin content was negatively related to root growth. Cell-wall associated peroxidases were not related to growth or lignin. PBW 343 showed improved growth under SS than WS.

6 illus, 27 ref

018346   Lohoues E E C;Trebissou J N D;Dion-Laine M; Konan A M L;Sess E D (Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Felix Houphou‰t-Boigny, BP 582 Abidjan 22-C“te d'Ivoire) : Evaluation of levels trace elements of six areas of production of green coffee (Coffea canephora) in Cote d'ivoire. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(4), 236-44.

Evaluate of levels trace elements of six areas of production of green coffee (Coffea canephora) in C“te d'Ivoire. The study focused on green coffee collected in six production areas selected according to major national production regions. The samples were collected in cloth bags cretonne for the promote good aeration. This study allowed the determination of levels of trace elements by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The results obtained showed that the Iron was represented in large quantities (73,26 mg / 100 g of green coffee).Copper, Zinc and Lead were represented in small quantities respectively 2, 25; 1, 06 and 0,12 mg / 100 g of green coffee. As for Selenium and Fluorine, they were intotrace respectively, less than 0,001 and 0,005 mg / 100 g of green coffee. The green coffee of Cote d'Ivoire contains trace elements which involve systems that allow the body to fight against the harmful effect of oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases.

4 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

018345   Latha R;Saravana Kumar P;Sagaya Jansi R; Venkatadri B;Agastian P (Research Plant Biology and Biotechnology Dep, Loyola College, Chennai-600 034) : Antimicrobial efficacy and à-glucosidase inhibition of passiflora mollissimabaileyleaves and it's phytochemical analysis. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(4), 62-78.

Phytochemical constituents, antibacterial, antifungal activity and α-glucosidase inhibition effect of successive various solvent extracts of Passiflora mollissima leaves was evaluated. Total phenol and flavonoid content was estimated by using standard methods. The study determined the antimicrobial activity by using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of P. mollissima leaf extracts against thirteen human pathogenic bacterial strains and six fungal strains. The α-glucosidase inhibition potential of the plant was assessed. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited class of phytocompounds and significant antagonistic activities against fungal pathogens, Gram positive bacteria as well as Gram negative bacteria except Klebsiella pneumoniae. The methanol, ethyl acetate extract and acarobose showed 50% α-glucosidase inhibition at the concentration of 329.98±2.06, 376.34 ± 2.15 and 276.03 ± 1.74 μg/ml respectively. Methanol extract showed potent α-glucosidase inhibition effect followed by ethyl acetate compared to hexane extract. Thus our findings suggest that the plant is a significant medicinal plant that has good antimicrobial and anti-diabetic properties and can be used for infection as well as diabetic control and treatment. Further the plant may be useful in probing of biochemistry and bioactive principles and subsequently may lead to drug discovery and development.

3 illus, 4 tables, 34 ref

018344   Koubaa M;Ktata A;Bouaziz F;Driss D;Ghorbel R E;Chaabouni S E (Enzyme Bioconversion Unit (UR13ES74), National School of Biological En, Sfax University, Tunisia, Africa) : Solvent extract from Opuntia stricta fruit peels: Chemical composition and Biological activities. Free Radical Antioxidant 2015, 5(2), 52-9.

O. stricta fruits were collected at ripening, the peels, pulps and seeds were manually separated. Peels were then blended, hydrodistilled, and the non-polar compounds were extracted and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Afterwards, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the extracted molecules were investigated. The extracted non-polar compounds from O. stricta fruit peels were mainly terpene alcohols. The major components were trans-linalool oxide, cis-linalyl oxide and linalool with 38.3%, 29.6% and 23.4%, respectively. The antioxidant activities showed high inhibition of the DPPH free radicals with 84% at 50 mg/ml, higher reducing power than that of ascorbic acid, and high total antioxidant activity with 309 ± 37 ±g ascorbic acid equivalent at 25 mg/ml. The antibacterial activities showed high growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and partial inhibition against Enterococcus faecalis. Non-polar compounds extracted meaning hydrodistillation from O. stricta fruit peels exhibit high antioxidant activities and inhibit the growth of S. aureus. They represent thus a promising way for the valorization of this by-product.

6 illus, 33 ref

018343   Karmakar I;Haldar S;Chakraborty M;Dewanjee S; Haldar P K (Pharmaceutical Technology Dep, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, Email: indrajit.k83@gmail.com) : Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of different extracts of Zanthoxylum alatum. Free Radical Antioxidant 2015, 5(1), 21-8.

Present study evaluates the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of different extract (methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether) of Zanthoxylum alatum. The antioxidant activities of all the three above mentioned extracts of Zanthoxylum alatum were measured by different in vitro standard methods like 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH), superoxide anions, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radicals and reductive assay. On the basis of antioxidant properties total phenolic, total flavonoid, CCl₄-induced in vivo antioxidant and in vitro cytotoxicity were measured for methanol extract of Zanthoxylum alatum (MEZA). Cytotoxicity was determined in Ehrlich Ascites Cancer (EAC) cells by trypan blue exclusion method. The extracts exhibited antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values of Methanol, Chloroform, Petroleum ether extracts and standard for DPPH are 3.63±0.14 μg/mL, 9.33±0.42 μg/mL, 7.70±0.31 μg/mL and 7.870.39 μg/mL; for Superoxide are 19.80±0.96 μg/mL, 129.70±2.57 μg/mL, 168.10±2.26 μg/mL and 11.76±0.72 μg/mL; for Nitric oxide are 105.0±1.64 μg/mL, 157.60±1.99 μg/mL, 185.30±2.48 μg/mL and 28.48±1.06 μg/mL; for Hydroxyl radical are 28.10±0.75 μg/mL, 81.50±1.88 μg/mL, 72.47±1.76 μg/mL and 12.24±0.82 μg/mL. Reductive ability of the extracts was also tested where dose dependent reducing capability was observed. In case of in vivo antioxidant lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase parameters significantly change towards the normal levels. MEZA showed satisfactory phenolic and flavonoid content which support the cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ value 102.30±0.81 μg/mL. The study showed that among all the three extract MEZA has better dose dependant antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Further research is going on to find out the active principle(s) of MEZA for its cytotoxic activity.

8 illus, 33 ref

018342   Kandoliya Y K;Vakharia D N (Biotechnology Dep, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, Email: ukkandolia@yahoo.com) : Ascorbic acid and ascorbate peroxidase based defence system induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens against wilt pathogen in chickpea. Int J Pl Prot 2015, 8(1), 86-92.

An induction of defense mechanisms against pathogens along with induction of antioxidant system is the mechanisms by which PGPR promote plant growth promotion is well known. So, the present experiment was conducted to study the plant defense system induced by PGPR bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against Fusarium wilt in chickpea. The results suggest that seed treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens effective elicits activity of defense-related antioxidant system such as ascorbic acid and APX leading to improved plant resistance and reduces the mortality of chickpea plant against soil borne disease like wilt.

6 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

018341   Kanakavalli K;Chitra U;Hemalatha A; Thillaivanan S (UG Pothu Maruthuvam Dep, GSMC, Chennai) : Evaluation of diuretic activity of Siddha drug Kungiliya Parpam (KP) in wistar albino rats. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(4), 168-76.

Siddha drug Kungiliya parpam (KP) is used in the treatment of Azhal neer churukku (urinary tract infection), Vellai (leucorrhoea), Neererivu (Painful micturition), Neerkkattu (stranguary), Vettai (gonorrhoea), Mooththira naala azharchi (inflammation of the urogenital tract), Seedha bedhi (dysentery) and Pramegam (Sexually transmitted diseases). This present study was conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of the Siddha drug Kungiliya parpam(KP) in Wistar albino rats. The diuretic effect was found out by Lipschitz method using frusemide as standard drug . The control group was given normal saline and the two test groups are treated by Kungiliya parpam along with the adjuvant nerunjil kudineer at dose level of 100mg, 200mg/kg respectively. Group IV serves as standard received Frusemide (20mg/kg). Rats were kept in metabolic cages, and overnight urine was collected. Urine biochemical analysis was done by colorimetry. Total urine volume and urinary excretion of electrolytes were measured. Kungiliya parpam has produced a dose dependant increase in total urine volume when compared to control. The test drug Kungiliya parpam at the dose levels of 100 and 200 mg/kg, showed a statistically significant increase in the volume of urine with a dose dependent increase in the diuretic index to 1.92 and 2.68 respectively. The drug also confirmed a significant increase in sodium excretion in comparison to control group. An increase (p<60>0.05) in urinary excretion of potassium was also observed. The Kungiliya parpam treated rats showed high diuretic effect as compared to control but this effect was less than frusemide (Group IV). So, it was finally concluded that kungiliya parpam has good diuretic activity , but not more than standard.

2 tables, 22 ref

018340   Kamalanathan D;Srinivasan R;Pratheeba T; Yuvarajan R;Natarajan D (Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Biotechnology Dep, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem-636 011, Email: mdnataraj@rediffmail.com) : Antioxidant activities of leaf extracts of Euphorbia fusiformis Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don (Euphorbiaceae). Free Radical Antioxidant 2015, 5(2), 83-9.

Antioxidant assays like, DPPH radical, super oxide radical, nitric oxide radical, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity and ferrous ion chelating potential were carried out in this study. The results revealed that all extracts of E. fusiformis expressed varying degree of antioxidant property on different tested methods. Remarkable antioxidant activity was observed in acetone extract on the DPPH radical scavenging activity with the lowest IC₅₀ value of 15 μg/ml followed by hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (IC₅₀ values of 42 μg/ml). The highest percentage of inhibition of nitric oxide radical, superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity was observed in methanol extract with low IC₅₀ values. Acetone extract of E. fusiformis showed good chelating potential on ferrous ions in ferrous ion chelation assay, with least IC₅₀ value. The results of present investigation suggest that E. fusiformis leaf extracts may be used as a natural antioxidant agent.

5 tables, 35 ref

018339   Jat B L;Joshi R;Gena D;Maheshwari R K (Botany Dep, SBRM Govt. PG College, Nagaur, Rajasthan) : Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts of Murraya koenigii through HPLC techniques. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(4), 1-23.

HPLC analysis for quantitative analysis of phenols and flavonoids was conducted in order to separate the antioxidative components from different parts of in vivo plantlets of Murraya koenigii and compared them with the peaks of available commercial standard antioxidant compounds such as Citric acid, Ascorbic acid, BHT and Quercetin. In addition the study was also conducted of compounds in each part of plant like root and leaves under in vivo condition and also to analyze the availability or synthesis of bioactive compounds in different stages of biological development of fruits and seeds of field growing Murraya koenigii. In present investigation correlation was established between the Spectrophotometric estimation of antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical of plant extracts and the HPLC resolution of extracts of plant parts and their comparison with the peaks of available standard antioxidative compounds. In the HPLC chromatograms the antioxidative compounds were identified by their Retention time by spiking with standards (Citric acid, Ascorbic acid, BHT and Quercetin) under the same conditions. The biochemical investigation of different plant parts showed maximum quantity of phenols and flavonoids in dried fruit (DF) and than ripened fruit (RF) with highest antioxidant capacity discoloration of DPPH. The scavenging potential of dried fruit (DF) and ripened fruit (RF) was also maximum as compared to other plant parts and it was further confirmed by HPLC analysis ripened fruit (RF) and dried fruit (DF) that the none of the standard antioxidative compounds was available in DF sample as observed in HPLC peaks where as only BHT was identified in the RF sample. The HPLC chromatogram also showed that total 17 compounds were separated from the extract but available standard compounds was not found in DF sample which clearly indicates that in DF extract which showed highest antioxidant activity in Spectrophotometric analysis but the antioxidant of DF sample may be due to the presence of antioxidative compound other than standards. The RF sample showed antioxidant activity and in this sample the BHT was found as an antioxidative compound. In root r, HRF and DS two standard antioxidative compounds were identified but their antioxidant activity is poorer than DF and RF. The strongest antioxidant activity was exhibited by freshly prepared extract of ripened fruit (RF) and dry weight of fruit (DF).

12 tables, 15 ref

018338   Hoshyar R;Mostafavinia S E;Zarban A; Hassanpour M;Partovfari M;Taheri A;Pouyan M (Biochemistry Dep, Faculty of Medicine, Metabolism & Antioxidants Resea, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, Email: reyhaneh.houshyar@gmail.com) : Correlation of anticancer effects of 12 Iranian herbs on human breast adenocarcinoma cells with antioxidant properties. Free Radical Antioxidant 2015, 5(2), 65-73.

Free radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacities of herbal waters assessed by DPPH and FRAP methods, respectively. Their total phenolic contents and cell viability determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and MTT assays, respectively. Among the herbs, group A which contained relatively highest total phenolics content, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities inhibited significantly greater growth of breast cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner as compared to other groups. These medicinal plants were not cytotoxic components against normal cells. Therefore our results indicated that anti proliferative effects of 12 selected Iranian herbs showed a direct correlation with antioxidant properties. The herbs as natural antioxidants with fewer side effects could potentially improve the outcome of human breast cancer therapy. These findings endorse further investigations on these plants to determine their active metabolites and mode of action.

4 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

018337   Gorrepati K;Samuel D V K (Agricultural Engineering Div, IARI, New Delhi-110 012) : Effect of addition of carrot powder on physical properties of maize based extruded snack. Bioinfolet 2016, 13(2A), 216-18.

With the addition of carrot powder in extruded product, the expansion ratio decreased from 3.4 to 2.53, bulk density increased from 0.0975 to 0.155g/cm³, while L* value decreased from 63.33 to 50.445.

2 tables, 7 ref

018336   Ghori V L;Shah D I;Parikh H D;Upadhyay M G; Vaghela P D (Shantilal Shah Pharmacy College, M.K.Bhavnagar University, , Bhavnagar, Gujarat) : Genetic markers in plant: conceptions, types and its medicinal and breeding application. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(4), 111-28.

Genetic markers are the biological features that are determined by allelic forms of genes or genetic loci and can be transmitted from one generation to another, and thus they can be used as experimental probes or tags to keep track of an individual, a tissue, a cell, a nucleus, a chromosome or a gene In terms of scientific progress, the old disciplines of quantitative genetics and plant taxonomy have been revived by the molecular marker approach. The progress made in DNA marker technology has been tremendous and exciting. DNA markers have provided valuable tools in various analyses ranging from phylogenetic analysis to the positional cloning of genes. The development of high-density molecular maps which has been facilitated by PCR-based markers, have made the mapping and tagging of almost any trait possible. Ever since their invention, they are being, constantly modified for enhanced utility as a means to solve problems and to bring about automation in the genome analysis, gene tagging, phylogenic analysis and selection of desirable genotypes. It is also evidence that molecular markers (non morphological markers) offer several advantages over the morphological markers (conventional phenotypic markers), as they provide data that can be analyzed objectively; giving new dimension to breeding especially with respect to the time required to developing new improved crop varieties as well utmost importance in pharmaceuticals for increase in yield as well in vaccine production. This review presents a basic description of different molecular techniques that can be utilized for DNA fingerprinting and molecular diversity analysis of plant species as well plant breeding.

1 illus, 64 ref

018335   Dwivedy A K;Kedia A;Manoj Kumar;Dubey N K (Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: nkdubeybhu@gmail.com) : Essential oils of traditionally used aromatic plants as green shelf-life enhancers for herbal raw materials from microbial contamination and oxidative deterioration. Curr Sci 2016, 110(2), 143-5.

This commentary deals with recommendation of essential oils of selected traditionally used aromatic plants as shelf life enhancer of herbal raw materials in view of their efficacy to protect them from microbial and mycotoxin contaminations and oxidative deteriorations during post-harvest processing. Such documentation of pharmacological efficacy of traditionally used aromatic plants would be also helpful in bioprospection of plant diversity against the act of biopiracy.

13 ref

018334   Dubey R;Paul A;Prity N (Galaxy Educare Concepts Private Limited, Biotechnology Centre, , N.S.C Bose Road, Pratapgarh, Narendrapur (P.O.), Kolkata-700 103) : Purification, assay and partial characterization of anti-cancer enzyme l-glutaminase from Bacillus subtilis. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(3), 269-90.

Bacterial strain C1 isolated from Kolkata area, showed maximum level of L-glutaminase activity in semi-quantitative assay. The crude enzyme from potential stain C1 was produced and partially purified by acetone fractionation and also by ammonium sulphate precipitation and membrane dialysis, following ion exchange chromatography method. In quantitative assay, the partially purified preparation showed 333.3U/ml of enzyme activity. In SDS PAGE the enzyme showed two bands with 45 and 225 kDa respectively. While in Zymography, the enzyme showed two bands with 43 and 225 kDa respectively of the various Physiochemical parameters tested, pH and temperature 37°C was found to influence the production of L-glutaminase enzyme,by the stainC1.The activator maganese sulphate (MnSO4) was found to activate the activity of L-glutaminase enzyme,whereas, the inhibitor EDTA was found to suppress the activity of the enzyme, L-glutaminase.

4 illus, 63 ref

018333   Driss D;Bouaziz F;Ghorbel R E;Chaabouni S E (Enzyme Bioconversion Unit (04/UR/09-04), National School of Engineeri, Sfax University, Tunisia, Email: koubaa.mohamed@gmail.com) : Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of solvent extract obtained from rocket (Eruca sativa L.) flowers. Free Radical Antioxidant 2015, 5(1), 29-34.

Eruca sativa or most commonly known as rocket is a worldwide herbaceous plant usually used for salad preparations due to its astringent properties. The health benefits of its leaves and seeds were widely investigated, however no study has been conducted on its flowers demonstrating these benefits. The aim of this work is to investigate the phytochemical properties of solvent extract from rocket flowers. Rocket flowers were collected at their blooming day and solvent extracts were prepared meaning hydrodistillation. Non-polar compounds were extracted using hexane and the efficiency of the obtained extract was evaluated using antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The antibacterial activities were tested against 11 pathogenic strains, whereas the antioxidant activities were tested through DPPH free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity and β-carotene bleaching test. The antibacterial activities showed good growth inhibition compared to positive controls. The diameter of the inhibition zones reached a maximum of 16.7 ± 0.1 mm when tested against Salmonella typhimurium using 14 mg extract. The results obtained for the antioxidant activities showed more than 90% DPPH free radical inhibition, 315 μg AAE/ml for 71 mg/ml extract and more than 70% inhibition using β-carotene bleaching assay The obtained phytochemical properties demonstrated the health benefit features of rocket flowers and their potential uses as feedstock of bioactive molecules.

5 illus, 1 table, 38 ref

018332   Doshi G M;Une H D (Pharmacology Dep, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, Email: gaurav.pharmacology@gmail.com) : High performance thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography determination of quercetin from Polyalthia longifolia leaves. Free Radical Antioxidant 2015, 5(2), 60-4.

In present research studies the aim was to find out by chromatographic techniques how much was percentage of quercetin present in the Polyalthia longifolia Thwaites leaves ethanolic extract. Polyalthia longifolia Thwaites leaves after ethanolic extraction and preliminary phytochemical studies were subjected to identification of quercetin by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Preliminary phytochemical evaluation confirmed the presence of flavonoids. The Rf value of the extract was found to be conceding with the standard quercetin by using analytical techniques. Quercetin was found to be 84.26% w/w and 74.45% w/v by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) respectively. The active constituent identified from Polyalthia longifolia Thwaites leaves extract was found to be identical to quercetin.

3 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

018331   Deshmukh A S;Kulkarni U S;Undirwade D B; Khandare A S (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Krishi Nagar, Akola-444 104) : Influence of plant extracts on biological traits of Spodoptera litura (Fab.). Bioinfolet 2016, 13(2A), 276-9.

Present investigation was undertaken to find out the effect of various plant extracts on biological parameters of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) under laboratory conditions. The aqueous extracts of A. indica, A. squamosa, T. erecta, C. longa, Ipomoea sp. and O. basilicum significantly affected various biological parameters of spodoptera litura (Fab.). The effects were deleterious when second instar larvae of S. litura were exposed on treated diet for 24 hr. The larval and pupal weights reduced under the influence of plant extracts as compared to control. Larval mortality was, however, highest on A. indica. Adult emergence was significantly reduced in extracts of A. indica, A. squamosa seed and T. erecta leaves. The female fecundity and egg hatch ability also significantly reduced. Lowest fecundity as well as egg hatch ability were recorded in case of A. indicated extract.

1 table, 16 ref

018330   Deokar S K;Mandavgane S A;Kulkarni B D (Chemica Engineering Dep, VNIT, Nagpur-440 010, Email: sam@che.vnit.ac.in ) : Behanviour of biomass multicomponent ashes as adsorbents. Curr Sci 2016, 110(2), 180-6.

Physico-chemical characteristics of rice husk ash and baggase fly ash, commonly referred to as biomass ashes enable their use as adsorbents. Contrary to normal expectations, it is observed that larger particles have more number, narrower and deeper pores than smaller particles. As a consequence they have higher pore volume, total surface area and hence adsorption capacity. Also, the uptake rate of adsorption depends on the silica to carbon ratio, which is seen to be smaller for larger particles and hence they take a longer time to reach equilibrium. The extent of carbon content determines the capacity, whereas silica to carbon ratio determines the kinetics of adsorption. Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, from aqueous solution was chosen as a representative case for study and the results obtained are compared with earlier reported results.

5 illus, 5 tables, 29 ref

018329   Dabbas M R;Shrawan Kumar;Tiwari P;Dutta S D (Vegetable Section, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drmrdabbas@gmail.com) : Integrated disease management of anthracnose of cowpea caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Int J Pl Prot 2015, 8(2), 261-4.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is the most important legume and vegetable crop grown in India. Most of the promising cowpea cultivars are under a great threat for profitable cultivation due to the attack of several abiotic and biotic factors viz., Fungi, bacteria, virus and nematodes. The major losses of cowpea are covered by fungi, in which anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is more important. The experiment on integrated disease management of cowpea anthracnose disease under field conditions with twelve treatments and three replications using fungicides and bio-agent formulations was conducted during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The mean of analysis of two years data revealed that the three foliar sprays of Thiophenate methyl (0.1%) at 10 days interval from initiation of the disease gave average minimum disease intensity (10.63%) and maximum edible pod yield (11.34 q/ha). This was followed by foliar sprays of Difenaconazole (0.06%) which gave average 16.94 per cent disease intensity and pod yield 9.99 q/ha. From the table it is cleared that the fungicides belonging to Trizole groups are more effective.

1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

018328   Chandra Mohan V;Chuhitha S;Viswa Kumar R; Umapallavi (Biochemistry Dep, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Ongole) : Study of lipid profile in hyperthyroidsm patients. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(4), 177-85.

Thyroid hormones are important at cellular level, affecting nearly every type of tissue in the body. The present study was carried out to determine whether thyroid hormones affect lipid profile in patients with hyperthyroidism. This study was carried out on 20 hyperthyroid patients (10 men and 10 women) with mean age 48.5+13.1 years and 22 apparently healthy controls (11 men and 11 women) with mean age 49.5+11.4 years. Serum levels of thyroid stimulated hormone TSH, thyroxine (T4) and triidothyronine (T3) were measured by Qualigens ELISA Plate reader and washer, and total cholesterol (TC), high -density lipo-protein cholesterol (HDL-C), and Triglyceride (TG) were measured by Semi Auto analyzer RA -50, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(VLDL-C) were calculated.Thyroid stimulated hormone TSH, lipids and lipoproteins (TC,TG,HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C) levels of patients were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<60>0.05).And there were significant increases in serum thyroid hormones T4, T3 values (p<62>0.05). Hyperthyroidism is associated with decrease levels of lipoprotein, caused by increased hepatic uptake due to enhanced affinity for the LDL receptor, and regulatory protein of TG(ApoAV).

1 table, 33 ref

018327   Brahmane P R;Dandnaik B P;AbhangP B (Plant Pathology Dep, College of Agriculture (V.N.M.A.U.), Latur, Maharashtra, Email: priyankabrahmane29@gmail.com) : Efficacy of bioagents and plant extract against Alternaria porri causing purple blotch of onion. Int J Pl Prot 2015, 8(2), 265-9.

Bioagent T. harzarium was found most effective in controlling the pathogen. Lowest disease severity (37.67%) was recorded in the spray treatment of T.harzarium. It was followed by T. viride and P. fluorescens, B. subtilis . Among the plant extract 5 per cent neem seed kernel extract gave maximum control of pathogen i.e. 44.24 per cent over control, followed by Followed by Mentha arvensis, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, Vitex negundo. The fungicide Mancozeb was at found at par with extract of NSK and Mentha arvensis.

2 tables, 25 ref

018326   Bhan S;Lalit Mohan;Srivastava C N (Applied Entomology & Vector Control Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Faculty o, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed University), Dayalbagh, Agra-282 005) : Comparative toxicity of non-capsulated and nano-encapsulated synthetic pesticides against anopheline larvae. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(4), 261-77.

Larvicidal efficacy of conventional form (non-capsulated) and different nano-encapsulated formulations of Temephos and Imidacloprid were evaluated against Anopheles stephensi. Biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been used as carrier and act as nano-dispersion capsules loaded with insecticide, Temephos and Imidacloprid. The nanoformulations were prepared by melt-dispersion method in different ratios of temephos (1%-16%) and imidacloprid (1%-8%). Studies have demonstrated that the larvicidal potentiality of PEG with optimum loading of 8% temephos have LC₅₀ values 0.163, 0.113 and 0.024 mg/L and LC₉₀ values 0.834, 0.356 and 0.149 mg/L after 24, 48 and 72 hrs were more effective as compared to their other nano-formulations. The amount of temephos released at LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ were 0.013, 0.009, 0.001 mg/L and 0.067, 0.028 and 0.012 mg/L after 24, 48 and 72 hrs of exposure period which is lesser than their conventional counterpart. The temephos loaded nano-capsules were able to rapidly resolve in the aqueous solution and with mean size of 129.5 nm. The preparation method of nanopesticides was mild, simple, low cost and ecofriendly. The results reveals that nanopesticides are more economical and ecofriendly due to controlled slow release. Thus, nanoencapsulation technique can be considered as an innovative alternative approach to combat mosquito vectors.

5 illus, 3 tables, 37 ref

018325   Bhajantri T;Kshirsagar T;Barik M R (DNA Labs India 2nd Floor Times Square Building, , Barkatpura, Hyderabad-500 027) : Insilco development of potent synthetic peptide vaccine candidate against SARS corona virus. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(3), 220-30.

SARS corona virus (SARS-CoV) is the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). SARS is not claimed to have been eradicated (unlike for example smallpox), as it may still be present in its natural host reservoirs (animal populations) and may return to the human population by the minute. During the outbreak, the fatality of SARS was less than 10% for people aged 24 or younger, 6% for those 25 to 44, 15% for those 45 to 64, and more than 50% for those over 65. In this study, the complete genome sequence of a pathogenic SARS corona viral strain was retrieved from genomic database. We screened the genome and identified the protein which was least similar to the human. Antigen determinant peptide was predicted with different databases and ASA calculation. Identified antigen was designed 3D model and simulation was performed in discovery studio from the docking study. We identify LLLDR determinant were the least peptide having CDocker energy 113.131Kcal/mol. As this peptide was trans-membrane protein it can be best potential vaccine candidate.

3 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

018324   Barathiraja S;Thanislass J;Antony P X; Venkatesaperumal S (NO, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry-605 009, Email: jthanislass@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin isolated and purified from rumen liquor collected from slaughtered goats. Indian J Anim Res 2015, 49(6), 802-7.

Bacteriocin like substance with antimicrobial activity was purified from freshly collected rumen liquor using 60% ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by ion exchange(SP-Sepharose) and gel filtration (Sephadex G25) chromatographic techniques. Purity of the product was checked on SDS-PAGE, having molecular weight of 6.5 kDa. Anti-microbial activity was demonstrated using Bacillus subtilis by gel overlay method and agar cut well diffusion method. Proteomic analysis confirmed the substance as bacteriocin. The purified sample was resistant to the action of protease. The substance was active at pH 4, 7 and 10. It was also active at autoclave temperature. The peptide purified was found to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC87), Listeria monocytogenes (MTCC 657) and Pseudomonas aeurginosa (MTCC 424).

3 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

018323   Bala A;Vikal Y (Regional Research Station (P.A.U.), , Abohar, Punjab, Email: anjuchani@yahoo.co.in) : Molecular characterization of Bipolaris sorokiniana populations from winter cereals. Int J Pl Prot 2015, 8(2), 331-7.

Isolates of B. sorokiniana were obtained from infected leaf samples of bread wheat, durum wheat, barley, triticale and rye leaves collected randomly from Gurdaspur, Ludhiana and Ferozepur areas of Punjab. Based on qualitative colony parameters, 30 isolates were selected for further studies. Molecular characterization of the isolates was done using 30 RAPD primers and Polymorphic Information Content values for these ranged from 0.51 to 0.98 with an average of 0.72. A total of 197 alleles were amplified out of which 184 were polymorphic and 13 were monomorphic. The number of alleles amplified varied from 3-13 and size of amplified fragments varied from 3.5 Kb to 200bp.The similarity index values ranged from 0.48 to 0.78 indicating wide range of genetic diversity among isolates. On cluster analysis of the molecular data, the isolates were grouped into two major clusters at 50 per cent level of similarity, whereas at 60 per cent similarity coefficient, the isolates were grouped into 10 clusters. Five complete clusters were formed by 25 isolates whereas 5 isolates formed independent lineages. RAPD profiles, however, did not correlate polymorphism with the geographic source or host source of the isolates.

2 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

018322   Bakshi A;Vinay Kumar;Sagar S;Chaudhary S; Rajendra Kumar;Mukesh Kumar (Agriculture Biotechnology Dep, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250 110, Email: mukeshbt05@gmail.com) : Molecular characterization of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes using sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(2), 1068-74.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) commonly also known as gram, Chana, Bengal gram and Garbanzo beans is the second most important pulse crop of the world mainly grown in arid and semi-arid regions. Assessment of genetic variability in the base population is the first step in any breeding programme for selection of genetically divergent parents and their use in the crop improvement programme. In the present investigation 20 genotypes of chickpea were characterized using a specific set of 15 numbers of Sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers. The number of alleles, allelic distribution and their frequency was estimated and found that the 36 alleles amplified with 15 STMS loci having an average of 2.4 alleles per locus. The number of alleles amplified varied from 1 to 4. The Polymorphic information content value ranged from 0 to 0.965 with an average of 0.373 indicated the considerable efficiency of markers for studying the polymorphism level. All primer showed higher polymorphism among the genotypes except two primers namely, TAA59 and GA105 which were monomorphic in nature. Genetic similarity based on UPGMA clustering the dendrogram grouped the 20 genotypes in three clusters, cluster I, II, III comprised of 2, 4, 14 genotypes, respectively. The maximum similarity was found between genotypes ICRISAT-4183 and ICRISAT-7722 (0.972). The present study provided an insight of the inter-relationship among the genotypes and highlights the genetic distance by STMS markers. The genetic diversity revealed in this study could be exploited for selective breeding programme of chickpea improvement.

3 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

018321   Ambule A T;Radadia G G;Shinde C U;Patil D L (Entomology Dep, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, Email: lakshminem@gmail.com) : Relative efficacy of newer insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in tomato under South Gujarat condition. Int J Pl Prot 2015, 8(2), 250-5.

Field experiment conducted on relative efficacy of nine different insecticides against H. armigera (Hubner) in tomato during year 2012-13 revealed that all the nine insecticides were significantly superior to untreated control in reducing H. armigera infestation. However, flubendiamide 0.004 per cent recorded minimum larval population (0.43 larva/plant) and 10.09 per cent fruit damage on weight basis than the remaining treatments which was identical with chlorantraniliprole 0.0055 per cent (0.58 larva/plant and 10.62% fruit damage) and spinosad 0.0068 per cent (0.68 larva/plant and 11.34 % fruit damage). Higher marketable yield recorded from treatments of flubendiamide 0.004 per cent chlorantraniliprole 0.0055 per cent and spinosad 0.0068 per cent with 25.21, 24.84 and 22.20 tonnes/ha, respectively.

1 table, 16 ref

018320   Amarendra Kumar;Rakesh Kumar;Santosh Kumar; Nandan D;Gireesh Chand;Kolte S J (Plant Pathology Dep, Bihar Agricultural Univ, Sabour, Bhagalpur-813 210, Email: kumaramar05@gmail.com ) : Alternaria blight of oilseed brassicas: A review on management strategies through conventional, non-conventional and biotechnological approaches. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(2), 1110-25.

Oilseed Brassicas are contributing approximately 28 percent of the India's total oilseed production. This crop is gaining wide acceptance among t he f a rme r s b e ca u s e of adaptability for both irrigated as well as rainfed areas and suitability for sole as well as mixed cropping. Besides, it offers higher return with low cost of production and low water requirement. The production and productivity of oilseed brassicas are comparatively lower as compared to the world average due to the biotic and abiotic constraints. Among the biotic constraints, alternaria blight disease caused by Alternaria spp. has been reported from all the continents of the world, causing up to 70% yield losses in India. This disease was found on leaves, stems and siliquae and dark spots on the leaves and siliquae reduce the photosynthetic capacity and induce immature ripening, which causes reduced amount of quality seed and oil content. The severity of this disease depends upon weather conditions, varieties, age of host plants and virulence of the pathogens. Efforts are being done throughout the world for the management of alternaria blight of rapeseed-mustard. This paper comprehensively reviews the research of alternaria blight of rapeseed-mustard with special reference to management strategies through conventional, non-conventional and biotechnological approaches that leads to planning the future research. The present scenario demands the traditional and modern biotechnological techniques bringing together for integrated disease management according to the need and availability at farmers level for sustainable management of alternaria blight disease of oilseed brassicas.

193 ref

018319   Adikay S;Rashmi P;Samyuktha M;Sankeerthi K (Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visavavidyalayam, Tirupathi-517 502) : Evaluation of anti-bacteria efficacy of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles from leaves of Carica Papaya. Asian J biochem pharm Res 2015, 5(3), 56-64.

The present work was designed to prepare silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of leaves of Carica papaya and further evaluation of silver nanoparticles for antibacterial activity. Silver nano particles were synthesized using eco-friendly method i.e., by using aqueous extract of leaves of Carica papaya and screened for anti -bacterial activity. Nanoparticles were prepared using aqueous extract prepared from fresh green leaves of Carica papaya and 0.001M silver nitrate solution. The aqueous extract was subjected for preliminary phyto chemical analysis according to standard methods. Characterization of silver nanoparticles was done by using UV, FTIR and SEM analysis. Siver nanoparticles were evaluated for anti- bacterial activity by using agar cup plate method. The synthesized nanoparticles had shown highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, moderate anti-bacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris and least against Escherichia coli.

3 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

018318   Abhang P B;Totawar M V;Brahmane P R (Plant Pathology Dep, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra, Email: preranaabhang09@gmail.com) : In vitro efficacy of different botanicals, bioagents, chemicals against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri by turbidiometrical method. Int J Pl Prot 2015, 8(2), 241-4.

Citrus canker disease of acid lime caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri is an important disease in many parts of MH region .The bacterium infects the twigs, petioles, fruit stalks and fruits. Action of botanicals, bioagents, chemicals against Xac was studied by turbidiometrically at 24hrs. intervals upto 96hrs by spectrophotometer at 620nm. At 96 hours of incubation least bacterial growth (0.232OD) was exhibited in copper-oxychloride + streptomycin sulphate (0.2 % + 200ppm) followed with copper-oxychloride+ streptomycin sulphate (0.2% + 100ppm) 0.266 OD statistically superior over all treatments. Similar findings are observed after 24h growth in copper oxychloride +streptomycin sulphate (0.2 % + 200ppm) followed with copper-oxychloride+streptomycin sulphate (0.2 % + 100ppm) (0.303, 0.306, respectively. In botanicals and bioagents neem seed kernel extract (5%) was effective in reducing the growth of bacteria with 0.446 OD at 96 h followed by Pseudomonas fluorescence 1x108 cell and Bacillus subtilis 1x108 cell with 0.506 and 0.486 OD, respectively.

1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref