010635   Kumar M;Tiwari S K (Zoology Dep, M.S.K.B. College, Muzaffarpur, Bihar) : Effect of celphos as fumigant on the mortality of Larya, pupa and adult of Odioporous longicollis - a serious pest of Banana in Bihar. Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 31-5.

Banana is one of the oldest fruits known to mankind. Its antiquity can be traced back to the garden of paradise where Eve was said to have used its leaves to cover her modesty. Because of its caloric value (67-137 of calories perWOgm), carbohydrate (27%), protein (1.2%) and fat (0.3%) contents, its utility and usefulness in our dietary requirement does not need any explanation. Out of various insect pests of Banana stem borer weevil Odioporous longicollis (Oliver) is the most serious and predominant insect pest in Bihar. Treatment of three tablets of celphos / plant gave 100 cent percent mortality of eggs inside the sheath lining outer border of mating space. Celphos treatment adversely affected only immature centrally rolled leaves but not the proper stem as indicated by the normal growth of inflorescence and fruit bunch during the reproductive phase.

4 tables, 8 ref

010634   Kumar A;Sanjay Kumar;Mistry R;Prasad S; Razauddin M;Prabhakar A K;Jaya Kumari (Zoology Dep, Magadh Univ, Bodh Gaya) : Effect of biocides on the calorific values in Rita rita (HAM.) with special reference to synergistic and antagonistic effect. Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 51-4.

Effect of sublethal concentration of certain biocides with special reference to synergistic and antagonistic phenomenon on the calorific values have been studied in an air breathing fresh water siluoid fish, Rita rita (Ham ). The calorific value of the control group of fishes was 3.32 K. cal/g dry weight, The treatment of Metacid 50 (A), Dithane M-45 (B) and Kelthane EC (C) bring about significant decrease in calorific values. The combination of A+C, B+C, A+B, and A+B+C make the effect synergistic. The effective hirachy were in the following sequence -A+B> B+C> A+B+C> A+C. The TLm (24 h) values of different biocides (including various combinations) have also been calculated at 24 + 1°C. The significance of this study as biondicator and in water quality management has been discussed.

1 table, 11 ref

010633   Khare A K;Khare A;Akhilesh Kumar (NO, Dr R B Govt Naveen Girls College, Raipur (C.G.)-492 001, Email: dr_anilganesh@yahoo.co.in) : Effects of Co<. Biozone 2009, 1(2), 191-5.

Effects of Co^{60 radiation on the male germ cells of lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus)have been observed. It has been seen that with low dose of Co60 radiation exposure (3 Rads), secondary spermatocytes and spermatids showed distortion. Flagellum of spermatids seen very short and acrosome become indistinct. With the dose (5 Rads) of Co60 radiation, the follicles shrink and become smaller. Cell boundaries of spermatogonia become distorted. Secondary spermatocytes showed necrotic effects. Spermatids nucleus become indistinct. Most of the spermatids disappeared. Numbers of sperms are reduced and show disturbed physiological state of spermatogenesis and indicate infertility. Co60 radiation exposure causes interruption of spermatogenesis.}

7 illus, 7 ref

010632   Kambale N A;Nanaware S G (Zoology Dep, The New College, Kolhapur-416 012) : Zinc induced alterations in glycogen of hepatopancreas in freshwater snail Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 391-3.

Freshwater snail Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck) (26-28 mm in shell height) was exposed to predetermined mean LC₅₀ concentration 1.06 ppm of zinc sulphate for 24 hrs., 48 hrs., 72 hrs. and 96 hrs. A control group was also run simultaneously. At the end of each exposure period the hepatopancreas of snail was subjected for biochemical analysis for total glycogen by anthrone method. The glycogen concentration was decreased with increase in exposure period. The average normal concentration of glycogen in hepatopancreas of snails of controlled group was 5.15 ± 1.15 mg/100 of wet tissue weight. It decreased upto 2.72% after 24 hrs., 12.79% after 48 hrs., 20.01% after 72 hrs. and 31.91% after 96 hrs. of exposure. The changes in glycogen of hepatopancreas during zinc intoxication are discussed in relation to physiology of digestion of this snail under the toxic stress environment.

1 table, 11 ref

010631   Jindal M;Yadava N K;Jain K L;Verma K (ZOology & Aquaculture Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Effect of varying dietary protein levels on growth performance in catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.). Ann Biol 2009, 25(1), 59-62.

Five diets (1-5) with different dietary protein levels (35-45%) were prepared by using processed soybean (HPS) as the main protein source to study the growth performance of fish H. fossilis. The study revealed that use of HPS upto the protein level 40.25% not only resulted in high growth performance but also reduced total feed cost. This also reduced excretion of nitrogenous and total organic matter, possibly also of phosphorus and alleviated pollution problems in the intensive aqua-cultural systems.

2 tables, 9 ref

010630   Jawalikar J D;Pawar S B;Shinde G B (Zoology Dep, V.M. College, Osmanabad-413 501) : New cestode Circumonchobothrium yogeshwari n. sp. (Cotyloda : Ptychobothridae) from Mastacembellus armatus. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 399-401.

Deals with description of new species of genus Circumonchobothrium Shinde. 1968 differs from all known species of genus in many characters as in shape, size of scolex; shape, size, number and position of testes and ovary and shape, size and position of vitellaria.

1 illus, 11 ref

010629   Jawalikar J D;Pawar S B;Shinde G B (Zoology Dep, V.M. College, Osmanabad-413 501) : New species Lytocestus subhapradhi n.sp. (Eucestoda : Lytocestidae) from Clarius batrachus. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 365-9.

Deals with description of new species of the genus Lytocestus Cohn, 1908 from Clarias batrachus differs from all known species in many characters as in the length of the body, shape and size of scolex, shape, size, position and testes number, shape, size and position of cirus pouch; shape, size and position of ovary; position of uterus and shape, size and position of vitellaria.

1 illus, 14 ref

010628   Jacob M;Jaya M;Oommen M (Zoology Dep, University of Kerala, Kariavattom P.O. Trivandrum-695 581) : Development and structure of accessory sex gland of male Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 281-7.

Development, morphology and structure (light & electron microscopic) of male accessory gland of Rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, a major pest of coconut palm, are reported O. rhinoceros, has only one pair of tubular glands differentiated from the ectodermal evaginations of swollen arms (ampullae) of male genital disc during pupal stage. The rudiments of accessory glands attain a tubular shape at 4th or 5th day old pupa and reach to 6-7 cm in length by the end of pupal stage (16-18 day). The glands at pupal stage are slender but after adult emergence become more prominent, with two specific convolutions followed by a thick storage organ attached to ejaculatory duct, the junction where the vas deferens joins. Tubular gland has a typical structure, having a single layer of secretory epithelial cells facing towards a lumen in the center. The cells are rectangular or oval in shape during pupal stage but attain columnar shape at secretory stage. Cells are backed by a layer of muscle below of which is a basement membrane. Apocrine secretion is observed microscope with regard to the morphology of pupal and adult accessory glands. Transmission electron microscopic studies show cells with golgi bodies, secretory globules, rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome in accessory gland of adult male revealing they are secretory. The secretion is released into the lumen after 10 days of adult life.

12 illus, 22 ref

010627   Gupta Y C;Deen Dayal (Zoology Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura-281 004) : Description of a new species of Stenaptula seidenstucker, 1964 from Uttaranchal, India (Hemiptera : Lygaeidae, Lygaeinae). Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 11-14.

New species of Stenaptula Seidenstucker S. nanitalensis is described from Uttaranchal, India alongwith redescription of the genus.

7 illus, 3 ref

010626   Gupta Y C;Dayal D (Zoology Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh) : Description of a new species of Adauctus distant, 1909 from India (Hemiptera:Lygaeidae, Rhyparochrominae). Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 183-6.

The genus Adauctus was erected by Distant (1909) to include A. cupreus from Bengal and Pusa, India. Distant (1910) placed the genus Adauctus in the division Rhyparochrominae indicating its closeness with the genera Cligenes and Diniella. Scudder (1957) transferred the genus Adauclus to the tribe Lethaeini Stal which was later reviewed and redefined by Ashlock (1964). The genus Adauctus and Diniella were included in the tribe Lethaeini sensu stricto, while Cligenes transferred to the closely related tribe, Antillocorini. Distant (1918) described another species of the genus, A. nigrocapitatus from Mysore (Karnataka). which has been synonymised by Scudder (1967) with A. cupreus, on the basis of type-specimen in the British Museum (Natural History). Distant (1918) based the species A. nigrocapitatus mainly on the black coloration of the head. Chopra and Singhal (1981) remarked that the adults of A. cupreus indicate that the colour of the head is variable from pale to almost black. The posterior margin of pronotum also varies from pale-yellowish to dark brown. The male and female genitalia also indicate no difference and concern with Scudder (1967).

6 illus, 8 ref

010625   Gupta Y C;Awadhesh Kumar (Zoology Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura-281 004) : Description of a new species of Thalponomus Marshall, 1944 from India (Coleoptera : Rhynchophora ; curculionidae). Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 73-7.

Thalponomous Marshall, 1944 belonging to the subfamily Eremninae of family Crculionidae is heitherto known by two species viz., T. theae and T. ornatus from India. A new species of the genus T. indicussp.nov. is described from Himachal Pradesh, India.

4 illus, 8 ref

010624   Gupta S K;Rana D (Zoology Dep, D.B.S.(P.G.) College, Dehradun-248 001, Uttarakhand) : Furcated caudal fin in Heteropneustes fossilis (BLOCH) from Doon valley-a teratological obseration. Biozone 2009, 1(2), 207-10.

1 illus, 27 ref

010623   Gambhir R K;Gyaneswori I;Tarnita T;Indrani C; Zenith N G (Parasitology Lab, Life Sciences Dep, Manipur University, Canchipur-795 003) : New species of the genus Heterakis dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda : Heterakinae) from the intestine of Rattus rattus in Manipur, India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 383-5.

Deals with the description of a new nematode Heterakis rattui n. sp. from the intestine of Rattus rattus from Manipur (India). Their dimension and description are presented along with a detail illustration.

1 illus, 4 ref

010622   Gaherwal S;Kanhere R R;Prakash M M (Zoology Dep, Govt Holkar Science College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity response in mice infected and vaccinated with Trichuris muris antigen. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2008, 1(1), 78-81.

Ability of immune response to Trichuris muris infection has been studied by increase in ITH & DTH response. In the investigation Exeretory-Secretory antigen of Trichuris muris showed highest values of ITH & DTH response as compared to Somatic antigen in vaccinated mice. Increased values of ITH & DTH response suggest role of cells in immunity. Proves that ES antigen of Trichuris muris imparting more immunity in mice compare to somatic antigen.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 res

010621   Gadgile D P;Chavan A M;Pangrikar P P;Hatti A D;Kakde R B (Botany Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Impact of temperature and relative humidity on development of Rhizopus rot of mango fruits. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 205-17.

An attempt was made to find out the effect of temperature and relative humidity on severity of disease, spore germination, cellulast and pectinase enzyme activity of Rhizopus rot of mango fruits. Low temperature and low relative humidity inhibits severity of disease, spore germination, cellulase and pectinase enzyme activity of Rhizopus arrhizus.

2 tables, 9 ref

010620   Dwivedi A C;Singh K R;Khan S;Mayank P (NO, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Dynamics of exploited fish populations and sex ratio of Cyprinus carpio var. communis in the Yamuna river at Allahabad. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 3(2), 198-202.

Preliminary information was generated on the exploitation structure and sex ratio of common carp (Cyprinus carpid) from the Yamuna river. The fish sample was obtained at random during March 2007 to February 2008. The specimens of crop varyied from 10.1 -76.2 cm size groups. The maximum exploitation was observed in 16.1 -22.0 cm size group (34.37%) and minimum in 76.1 -82.0 cm size group (0.26%). The abrupt decline was observed from the size group 22.1-28.0 to 28.1 -34.0 cm. Overall lower size groups were maximum exploited. Sex ratio of female was higher than male in all size groups except 10.1 -16.0 cm size groups. In 70.1 -76.0 cm size group male and female both were equal. The chi-square values varied from 0.20 to 6.94. In the stock, female ratio was higher than male (1.0:1.14).

3 illus, 1 table, 47 ref

010619   Dhiman S C;Bhardwaj M H (Entomology Research Lab, Zoology Dep, M.S. (PG) College, Saharanpur-247-001) : Some ecological aspect of Monanthia globulifera Wlk (Heteroptera : Tingidae) a pest of holy tulsi, Ocimum sanctum L. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 353-63.

Monanthia globulifera Wlk. is a serious pest of holy Tulsi, Ocimum sanctum and inflict heavy lass by its de-sapping habit. The sex ratio of male and female varied in different months of year. Population built up starts on tender leaves and stem. Maximum number occurs during summer and rainy months and minimum during winter. The bug is widely distributed throughout district Saharanpur and adjacent areas. This tingid bug is a true migrant and can travel a long distance, but, generally local flights are preformed within territory in different seasons for feeding, sheltering and breeding. An average of 10 bugs per branch cause extensive damage. Gregarious behaviour is well marked in this bug which prefer O. sanctum among its other host plants.

3 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

010618   Choudhary S A (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmir) : Effect of fenvalerate (Synthetic pyrethroid) on the reproductive potential of mutant drosophila melanogaster (Meigen). Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 105-8.

Present work highlights the effect of fenvalerate ( synthetic pyrethroid ) on the ovicides and larvicides of mutant strain (Sepia) of Drosophila melanogaster.

1 table, 19 ref

010617   Chatterjee V C;Indu (PG Department of Zoology, M.S. College, Saharanpur-247 001) : Impact of ecological factors on the occurrence and seasonal cycle of Coccinella septempunctata linn. and prey aphids. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 371-5.

Growth of plants and aphids is allied due to varying climatic factors. The lady beetle disengaged after copulation and as soon as the female begins to oviposit the adults are separated. The oviposited eggs hatch after a certain incubation period into first instar larvae which moult up to the fourth instar larva, pupa and then adult. The lady beetles and prey adult aphids (winged) are photopositive. Photoperiodicity effect on the basis of seasonal day and light durations in the completion of various stages of the life cycle Long days with rise in temperature and R.H.% may play a rise in number of beetles as well as of the aphids. Study is specific to the district Saharanpur due to its geographical and climatic specification due to tarai region.

1 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

010616   Bikshapathi V;Surender Reddy K;Kameswari M (Zoology Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009) : Post helminth infection changes in the protein metabolism of myotomal muscles in Channa punctatus. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 289-95.

In the post helminth infection, proteins and related molecular changes have been studied in the myotomal muscles of Channa punctatus due to the intestinal infection by Genarchopsis gappo Ozaki (1925) and liver infection by Callodistomum diaphanum Odhner (1902), on the protein metabolism of the myotomal muscles. Various biochemical parameters that have been investigated are total proteins, sucrose soluble proteins, sucrose insoluble proteins, albumins, globulins and free amino acids. All these parameters that have been assayed showed an increase in the liver than to the intestine. The increase in the content of substrate and the activity levels of enzymes suggest that in the liver the rate of protein metabolism is greatly enhanced than to the intestine. These indicate that liver plays an active role in smoothening the fluctuations of metabolism, generated by helminth worms. The increase in the various biomolecules indicates biochemical adaptations of host to the parasitic adaptations.

4 tables, 20 ref

010615   Bhave V J;Deshmukh V D (NO, Mumbai Research Center of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, CIFE Old Campus, Seven Bunglows, Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Email: videshmukh@rediffmail.com) : Record of skeleton shrimp Paracaprella pusilla mayer, 1890 from Mumbai waters. J Mar Biol Ass India 2009, 51(1), 111-13.

Caprellid shrimp Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890 is recorded from Vasai near Mumbai along the northwest coast of India for the first time. Since earlier record of the species from the southwest coast was based on a single female specimen, the description of male with dimorphic characters is presented.

4 illus, 11 ref

010614   Barai S R;Suryawanshi S A;Pandey A K (Zoology Dep, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi-221 002, Email: akpandey_cifa@rediffmail.co.in) : Responses of parathyroid gland, C cells, and plasma calcium and inorganic phosphate levels in rat to sub-lethal heroin administration. J envir Biol 2009, 30(5; Suppl), 917-22.

In order to record the effects of heroin on plasma calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels as well as parathyroid gland and C cells, two sub-lethal doses (0.50 LD₅₀ and 0.75 LD₅₀) of the drug were administered intramuscularly in Rattus norvegicus for 30 days. Plasma Ca level of control rats ranged between 9.53±0.32 - 9.88±0.22 mg 100 ml^-1 while plasma Pi concentration fluctuated between 4.55±0.18-4.71±0.24 mg 100 ml^-1 Sub-lethal heroin administration induced progressive increase in plasma Ca level during the first seven days (p <0.001), thereafter the level declined on day 15 and 30. However, plasma Pi level of the heroin-treated rats registered increase with the peak value (p <0.001) on day 30. The treatment elicited degenerative changes in parathyroid gland as evident by cytoplamic vacuolization, presence of more pycnotic nuclei and occurrence of patchy areas among the chief cells. Degenerative changes were also noticed in cristae of mitochondria, Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum. There was decrease in chromatin material in the nucleus and loss of hormone granules in the cytoplasm. Oxyphil cells of the heroin-treated rat depicted dilation of endoplasmic reticulum and damaged cristae. Sub-lethal heroin administration in the rat for 30 days induced dilation in endoplasmic reticulum and loss of secretory granules in C cells.

9 illus, 1 table, 46 ref

010613   Annie Selva Sonia G;Lipton A P;Paul Raj R (NO, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin-682 018, Email: anniesolomon@gmail.com) : Lethal concentration of methanol extract of sponges to the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. J Mar Biol Ass India 2009, 51(1), 122-5.

Methanol extracts of five marine sponges viz., Acanthella elongata, Echinodictyum gorgonoides, Axinella donnani, Callyspongia subarmigera and Callyspongia diffusa collected as fresh bycatch from fishing nets off Kanyakumari were screened for estimating the lethal concentration to the brine shrimp (Artemia salina). The extract of Callyspongia subarmigera had the highest toxicity with LC₅₀ at 0.46% in 24 h whereas the extract of Eichinodictyum gorgonoides was least toxic with LC₅₀ at 8.58% in 24 h.

2 tables, 24 ref

010612   Anitha Kumari S;Sree Ramkumar N;Singotamu L; Madhusudhanachary P (Zoology Dep, Osmania Univ College for Women, Koti, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh) : Transmission electron microscope studies on liver of Channa punctatus from polluted waters a preliminary investigation. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 137-40.

The study was taken up to, assess the cytological changes in the liver of a fresh water teleost fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch) from Hussainsagar lake using Transmission electron microscope. The most prominent changes observed in the liver of the polluted water fishes when compared with the normal fish as it is consisted of focal necrosis and extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization of the hepatocytes, presence of necrotic bodies, swollen mitochondria and disputed RER with increase in the number of free ribosomes thus giving a disorganized appearance. These changes have been attributed to preferential accumulation of enormous quantity of pollutants present in the lake waters into the fish blood, that might have caused degeneration leading to cellular infiltration of the liver tissues as a measure of resistance to the toxicants and tissue susceptibility.

1 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

010611   Anil Kumar M;Bikshapathi V;Surendar Reddy K (Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh) : Changes on the nitrogen metabolism in calotes versicolor due to helminth infection. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 3(2), 130-3.

In the post-helminth infection, proteins and related molecular changes have been studied in the liver of Calotes versicolor due to the intestinal infection by Proteocephalm beddardi. Various biochemical parameters that have been investigated are Ammonia, urea, uric acid and glutamine. All, the parameters that have been assayed showed an increase in the liver. The increase in the content of substrate and the activity levels of enzymes suggest that in the liver, the rate of nitrogen metabolism is greatly enhanced. These indicate that liver plays an active role in sfnoothening the fluctuations of metabolism, generated by helminth worm. The increase in the various biomolecules indicates biochemical adaptations of hosts to the parasitic adaptations.

4 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

010610   Al Ghamdi K;Alikhan M;Mahyoub J;Afifi Z I (Biological Sciences Dep, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, KSA) : Identification and population dynamics of anopheline mosquitoes from Jeddah province of Saudi Arabia. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2008, 1(1), 19-24.

Anopheline mosquito species have been studied in Jeddah Province of Saudi Arabia. 11 species have been found to be prevalent in this region. The identification of the species has been based on the morphological characters of the adult mosquitoes. The population dynamics of the species with reference to optimum temperature and humidity has been discussed along with the ratio of male and female catches.

5 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

009775   Zubair M;Shukkur E A A;Azeez P A;Jayson E A (Zoology Dep, Calicut Univ, Kerala) : Vocalisation of peregrine, Saker and Gyr falcons in the United Arab Emirates. Sci Soc 2009, 6(1), 43-50.

Falcons were observed in captivity condition for three years from 2001 to 2003 to study various aspects of the vocalization in the United Arab Emirates. Pairs of falcons were followed for a full day and various types of calls were recorded using anthrppomimetic notations. Observations were carried out in and around the aviaries, cages and flight pens near Abu Dhabi Falcon Research Hospital. Falcons vocalize loudly if an intruder approaches them. Falcons are found to have complex vocalization that could be classified into long calls and short calls that could be distinguished based on the duration, intonation and intensity. In the breeding season falcons make a variety of calls, which may attract and stimulate the opposite sex to mate or to do the courtship display. Common types of vocalizations are cacking call, alarming call and mobbing call etc. for communicating among the members in their day-to-day life. The vocalizations help them to maintain their territories.

3 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

009774   Yamuna A;Saravana Bhavan P;Geraldine P (Animal Science Dep, Bharathidasan Univ, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Email: bhavanps@yahoo.co.in) : Ultrastructural observations in gills and hepatopancreas of prawn Macrobrachium malcolmosonii exposed to mercury. J envir Biol 2009, 30(5), 693-9.

The juveniles of M. malcolmsonii were exposed to 24.1 μg l^{-1 of Hg for a period of 21 days. The gills and hepatopancreas of test prawns were sampled and processed for electron microscopic observations. Mitochondria are the organelle most affected in the gills of test prawns. The number of mitochondria and the electron-density of the matrix were found to be less in test prawns. The in-folding of cell membrane associated with mitochondria was absent in test prawns. This suggests that operation of the mitochondrial pumps was affected in the gills of test prawns. Vacuoles with crystalline granular inclusions were noted in the gills of test prawns. These are suggestive of metal-rich inorganic deposits or granules representing detoxified dumps of Hg. In the hepatopancreas of test prawns, the tubules exhibit vacuoles with granular inclusion and the cell cytoplasm contains electron-dense granules, which indicate a storage detoxification of Hg. The mitochondria were shrunken in the hepatopancreas of test prawns. This suggests attenuation of its function. The rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared vesiculated and dilated. These reactions denote the hyperactivity of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Membranous whorl-like structures with myelin fibers and residual bodies were seen in the hepatopancreas of test prawns. Such structures indicate the involvement of lysosomal breakdown in detoxification process. The ultrastructural alterations are suggestive of the operation of compensatory mechanisms within the test prawns to enable it to tolerate Hg toxicity. However, these alterations would have an impact on the cellular integrity of the gills and hepatopancreas and such alterations can be taken as biomarkers' for assessing Hg pollution in the aquatic environment.}

16 illus, 40 ref

009773   Vyas V;Damde D;Parashar V (Limnology Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026, Email: secvip@yahoo.co.in) : Fish biodiversity in relation to their habitats of Betwa river in selected stretch of Madhya Pradesh. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 44-9.

Study has been conducted to assess the fish biodiversity profile in a stretch of Betwa river in Madhya Pradesh. Only one record is available on the fish biodiversity of Betwa river. In this paper author have tried to document fish biodiversity of this river and composition of fish community in light of physical habitat quality. The stretch of Betwa river from Bhojpur (Raisen District) to Vidisha (Vidisha District), spread over approximate 95 Km in length situated between N 23° 06' 15.7" to N23° 32'23.3" and E 077° 34' 59.1" to E 077° 47' 52.1". A total of 60 species belonging to 36 Genera, 18 Families and 7 Orders were recorded, among 60 species fourteen species were first time recorded in this stretch during the present study, these species are- (Amblypharogodon mola, Barilius bandelisis, Gonialosa manmina, Labeo boga, Labeo angra, Cyprinus carpio, Puntius conchonius, Puntius sophore, Puntius dorsalis, Puntius titius, Oxygaster gora, Mystus tengra Lepidocephalichthys guntea and Tilapia mossambica). Among the collected species Cyprinidae family was most dominant constituting 48 % followed by Bagridae family constituting 10 % of the total fish species. Carp fishes 48 %, Catfishes 27 % and miscellaneous fishes 25 % were observed in this study.

4 illus, 27 ref

009772   Vijayakumar N;Sakthivel D;Anandan V (Zoology Dep, KM Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Lawspet, Puducherry-605 008, Email: Vijayakumar_mphil@yahoo.co.in) : Mangroves, crustaceans and molluscs in the Ngaithittu estuary, Puducherry, South India. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 13-16.

Study reveals the status of mangroves, molluscs and crustaceans in Thengaithittu estuary during the year, July2007-Aug 2008. Totally 5 species of mangroves, 14 species of crustaceans (5 prawns and 9 crabs) and 17 species of molluscs were identified. Loss of mangroves habitats must have a serious impact on the densities of Prawn /Shrimps & Molluscs species. Importance of mangroves and biodiversity associated with them is discussed.

17 ref

009771   Veeramani T;Karthikeyan M M;Varadharajan D (SSCP-EIMP Lab, C.A.S. in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ, Vedharanyam-614 810) : Two species of catfishes (Plotuses sp. and Arius sp.) in Muthupettai mangrove, Tamil Nadu, India. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 31-5.

Distribution, abundance and Morphometric characteristic of catfishes (Plotuses sp., and Arius sp) in Muthupettai mangrove, were studied for a period of nine month (July 2006 to March 2007). The population density varied from different month and seasons the total number of Plotuses sp. from. 7.637 % to 16.358 % and Arius sp 8.645 % to 14.490 % numbers, weight varied from 7.483 % to 21.213% and 9.063%, 14.490% respectively. The average morphometrics are TL 40.10 cm and 23.60 cm respectively. Abundance of Plotuses sp., are rich in November and Arius sp., in March. Current result of catfish's distribution, abundance and weight was influenced by nutrients and favorite physico-chemical characters.

3 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

009770   Vedpathak A N;Gaikwad D M;Mahale P N (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004, Email: arunvedpathak@yahoo.com) : Oxygen consumption and tissue organic constituents in different body parts of freshwater bivalve mollusc, Indonaia caeruleus (Prashad, 1918) ecposed to rise in temperature during monsoon season. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2009, 29(1), 57-62.

In the view of the reported metabolic shifts in the bivalve shellfishes during changes in the environmental conditions, we report here the changes in the oxygen consumption of whole animal and levels of organic constituents from mantle, hepatopancreas, gonad and foot of freshwater bivalve mollusc, Indonaia caeruleus (47-5) mm in shell length) upon exposure to rise in temperature (30°C) for 15 days during monsoon (August-September). Compared to the normal temperature (25.5°C-26.0°C), the rate of oxygen consumption was increased on 2nd, 8th and 16th days. The rate was significantly increased on 16th day. Regarding alternation in the organic constituents, the protein content significantly decreased almost from all the tissues on 2nd day, from hepatopancreas and gonad on 8th day and from mantle on 16th day. The glycogen content also significantly decreased from all tissues on 2nd day, whereas it was significantly increased from mantle and decreased from gonad on 8th day, but significantly decreased from mantle and foot on 16th day. The lipid content significantly increased from mantle and gonad on 2nd day, significantly decreased from hepatopancreas and increased from gonad on 8th day, while it was significantly decreased from mantle on 16th day. It was ferther seen that the protein content decreased more from the gonad followed by mantle, the glycogen content increased more from mantle tissue on 8th day than other tissues, while the lipid content was more increased on 2nd and more decreased on 16th day from the mantle. The results are discussed in the light of metabolic shifts in the bivalve molluscs due to temperature.

2 illus, 19 ref

009769   Vandana Singh;Singh P B;Srivastava S (Zoology Dep, T.D. College, Jaunpur-222 002, Email: pratap_b_singh@rediffmail.com) : Testosterone and estradiol-17β dependent phospholipid biosynthesis in oariectomized catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). J envir Biol 2009, 30(5), 633-40.

Effect of cumulative doses (7,14 and 28 mgkg^{-1 body weight) of testosterone (T) and estradiol-17 β (E2) on total phospholipids (TP), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in tissues were investigated during the gonadal recrudescence, in prespawning phase of the annual reproductive cycle in intact and ovariectomized freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. After ovariectomy, the hepatic levels of TP and PE were elevated and remained unaffected for PC, PS and PE when compared with control. In general, land E2 were stimulatory fora specific class of phospholipid in tissues of intact and ovariectomized catfish. These effects were higher at 14 and 28 mg kg-1 body weight in ovariectomized catfish whereas 7 mgkg-1 body weight of T and E2 have pronounced effect in intact ovaries. In conclusion, the various phospholipid biosynthesis were under Tand E2 dependent. Among the phospholipid, the PC was the main constituent and was sex steroid dependent biosynthesis during prespawning phase.}

5 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

009768   Upadhyay N;Goyal R K;Bansal A (Zoology Dep, D.S. Degree College, Aligarh-202 001) : Biochemical changes in blood glucose of the fish Channa striatus infected with helminth parasites. Bionotes 2009, 11(4), 136.

1 table, 3 ref

009767   Trivedi S P;Rai S (Environmental Toxicology Lab, Dep of Zoology, Univ of Lucknow, Lucknow-226 007, Email: sunil060523@rediffmail.com) : Hepatocellular deformities induced by mercuric chloride and caldan 50SP in a fresh water teleost, Channa punctata. J appl Biosci 2008, 34(1), 74-8.

Investigation was carried out to assess the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of mercuric chloride (HgCl₂), caldan 50SP, both individually as well as in combination by exposing the fishes for 15, 30 and 60 days, on the hepatocellular profile of a fresh water fish, Channa punctata. Sublethel exposure of fish to test chemicals induced histopathological changes which include inflammation, swelling, necrosis, vacuolization and hypertrophy in hepatocytes. The extent of damage was exposure dependent, that is maximum damage was recorded after 60 days of exposure. The outcome of the present investigation will be helpful to understand the cumulative effect of MC and C50SP on the liver of fishes, as they are not exposed to only one chemical but to diverse chemicals in the natural environment.

2 tables, 23 ref

009766   Tripathi A;Qureshi T A (Applied Aquaculture Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026, Email: aquaimmuno@yahoo.co.in) : Elicitations of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) under laboratory conditions through experimental infection trails. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 220-33.

Systematic study was designed to trace the causes of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) and to designate it correctly. Experiments have been conducted taking cognizance from nature and then simulating the same in laboratory conditions. It has been observed that the chemical and thermal stresses have been the main factors, which are responsible for weakening the immune system of the fish. The pollutants present in water firstly corrode the skin producing tiny red spots, which are then occupied by virus. As soon as the virus sets in, the red spots take the shape of red circular rings, which then transform into lesions. Aphanomyces invadans and other microorganisms then enter into these lesions secondarily. A. invadans establishes it dominantly and gives rise to innumerable zoospores due to which the skin overarches and ultimately burst out producing ulcers. At the same time, the fugal mycelia penetrate into intercellular spaces of the dermis and musculature and give rise to mycotic granulomas. The sequence of all the events, in the initiation of EUS, clearly indicates that it is not a syndrome but a disease with aforesaid aetiology.

9 illus, 4 tables, 40 ref

009765   Tiple A D;Khurad A M (Zoology Dep, Entomology Div, RTM Nagpur Campus Univ, Nagpur-440 033, Email: ashishdtple@yahoo.co.in) : Butterflies recorded from Nagpur, Central India. Bionotes 2009, 11(4), 130-1.

1 table, 7 ref

009764   Thilak J (Central Zone Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Vijay Nagar, Jabalpur) : On a fish collection from Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary, district Damoh, Madhya Pradesh. Bionotes 2009, 11(4), 128-9.

4 ref

009763   Sushil Jawale;Borde S N;Jaywant D (Zoology Dep, Dr. B.A.M. Univ, Aurangabad (Maharashtra), Email: sukalp.sush@gmail.com) : Rediscription of Proteocephalus viperus Beddard (1913) in the intestine of Bufo melanostictus [Schneider, (1799)] from Aurangabad (M.S.) India. Ecotech 2009, 1(2), 110-11.

Present study deals with the Proteocephalus viperus Beddard, (1913) collectea from the intestine of Bufo melanostictus Schneider, 1799). For the present study 25 host were collected from various places of Aurangabad during the period of June, 08-May 09 out of which 10(40%) were infected with P.viperus. The parasites collected were fixed by using standard techniques and used for taxonomical study. Results show that most of characters resemblance with previously described Proteocephalus viperus.

11 ref

009762   Suneetha K;Vijaya Kumar M;Veeraiah K (Biochemistry Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Nagarjuna Nagar-522 510) : Comparative study on the toxic effect of endosulfan an organo chlorine and fenvalerate a synthetic pyrethroid on the fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton). J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 159-68.

Two pesticides one from organochlorine (Endosulfan), and other from synthetic pyrethroids (Fenvalerate) toxic effects were studied on the Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton). The LC50 values of Endosulfan and Fenvalerate are 0.68ppb and 0.47ppb respectively. Comparatively Fenvalerate is more toxic than endosulfan. The biochemical changes such as total protein and glycogen levels were studied under sub-lethal and lethal exposures for 24, 48, and 96hours time periods. A gradual decrease in the biochemical components was observed with the increase in the exposure time period. The results obtained were presented in the form of histograms discussed at length in the light of available literature on the subject.

1 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

009761   Sree Latha K (Zoology Dep, Dr. S.R.K. Government Arta College, Yanam-533 464, Email: dr_sreelatha@yahoo.com) : Optomotor behavioural responses of Anabas testudineus (Bloch) exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of plant extract of Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.B.R.. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 215-19.

Behaviour is the recordable and observable activity of the living organisms. In the study adaptive changes in optomotor response of air-breathing fish, Anabas testudineus(Bloch) exposed to sublethal concentrations of plant extract of Calotropis gigantea(L.)R.Br.were studied,the parameters-Rotations: Following(bucket rotating, bucket stopped) and reversals(bucket rotating,bucket stopped) were estimated,a significant decrease(P>0.001) in the mean scores for "Following" and "Reversal" during bucket rotating and bucket stopped position was observed in all the sublethal concentrations of plant extract treated fish compared to control. These results indicated "hypoactive" and "lethargy" in Anabas testudineus, would affect fish fall easy prey to predators,Feeding and food capture will be hampered Joss of orientation towards food, odor, location of a mate.

1 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

009760   Smetacek P (NO, , The Retreat, Jones Estate, P.O.Bhimtal, Nainital-263 136, Email: petersmetocek@rediffmail.com) : Additions and corrections to the list of moths recorded from different elevations in Nainital district, Kumaon Himalaya, India. Bionotes 2009, 11(4), 117-18.

6 ref

009759   Singh K (Zoology Dep, Jagatpur P.G. College, Jagatpur, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Allocreadium bimaculatusi sp. nov. (Allocreadiidae, Allocreadiinae) from fresh water fish Ompok bimaculatum bloch from Gujartal at Jaunpur (U.P.) India. J appl Biosci 2009, 35(2), 184-5.

Allocreadiurn bimaculatusi sp. nov. has been described from the intestine of fresh water fish, Ompok bimaculatus Bloch from Gujartal at Jaunpur (U.P.), India.

1 illus, 6 ref

009758   Sidhu D S;Kapoor S (Zoology Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: sonika_kpr@yahoo.com) : Joint effect of hypertension and obesity on frequency of coronary heart disease among rural men and women from Patiala (Punjab). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2009, 29(1), 73-7.

Study aimed to define the association between hypertension and obesity collectively on the prevalence of coronary heart disease and coronary risk factors in rural population. A cluster of rural subjects from district Patiala of Punjab (India) were included. 700 subjects of both the sexes of age group 30-70 years comprising 340 men and 360 women were divided into various groups according to their body mass index and blood pressure levels. The data represented that the increase in weight leads to increased risk among hypertensive men and women. The combined effect of obesity and hypertension do help in identifying the subjects at high risk of CHD. The female subjects are at lower risk level than male. Males at each category are at higher risk level than females and need more precautionary measures.

5 tables, 11 ref

009757   Shibu S (PG and Research Zoology Dep, Sree Narayana College, Kollam-691 001, Email: shibusdr@yahoo.co.in) : Incidence and distribution of the coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis (K.) in Kerala. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2009, 29(1), 119-23.

Coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis, causing significant impact on coconut production was first reported in India from Kerala in 1998. In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the seasonal variations in the mite population and coconut damage, levels of damage in coconut varieties and the ecological factors influencing the incidence and distribution of the pest. The study revealed that a combined effect of an array of factors namely atmospheric temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind direction and speed, nutritional availability to the palms and nut quality have a profound influence on the nature and gravity of the mite infestation.

3 illus, 9 ref

009756   Shendge A N;Pawar B A;Mane U H (Zoology Dep, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati-413 102) : Sex ratio of freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.). J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 113-16.

Sex ratio of a freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.) has been studied from Bhima river near Bhigwan, Pune District, Maharashtra. The overall sex ratio males to females were 1: 1.71. Females dominated males, although the sex ratio showed no significant deviation in the population. Females outnumbered males before spawning (April - May and July - Aug). During peak spawning (June and September) males outnumbered females. In length groups 156 - 165mm sex ratio was 1:1. In larger length groups (206 - 235 mm) only females were recorded. Males were not recorded above 205 mm length.

2 tables, 6 ref

009755   Shendge A N;Mane U H (Zoology Dep, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati-413 102) : Seasonal variation in muscle lipid content in the minor carp, Cirrhina reba (Hamilton). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2009, 29(1), 69-72.

Seasonal variations in the lipid contents were investigated in the muscles during the breeding cycle in Cirrhina reba (Hamilton). The variations observed were related to the maturation cycle of the fish. The study indicated that there was rapid build up of fat in the muscle during the period of peak maturity and declined after spawning.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

009754   Sharma R K;Fulia A (Zoology Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119) : Influence of tocopherol in rescue of granulosa cell atresia in goat ovary. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(3), 119-26.

Investigates, vitamin E induced changes in granulosa cells from antral folicles of goat. After exposure of 2.5, 3.7 and 5μmol/L of vitamin E for 2 hours, the granulosa cell diameter increased. Corresponding to this enhancement, the nuclear diameter also increased. Vitamin E supplement in granulosa cells at initial stage of atresia improved nuclear dimensions. After 2 hours of exposure duration, percentage of atretic cells declined from 25.33% to 20.66%,12.66% and 12.00% at vitamin E concentration levels 2.5, 3.7 and 5μmol/L respectively. The further improvement in nuclear and cell diameter has been noticed in exposure durations 4 and 6 hours. The atretogenic changes like pycnosis, chromolysis, condensation, fragmentation, hyalization, and crinkled and wavy membranes were drastically reduced in frequency.

9 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

009753   Sharma R K;Chauhan P K (Reproductive Physiology Lab, Zoology Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119) : Atrazine induced changes in histoarchitecture of the goat testis. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(3), 35-40.

Objective of the study was to evaluate the reproductive risk associated with exposure of adult goat testis to atrazine. Atrazine (2-chloro-4ªethylamino-6-isopropyl-amino-s-triazine) is an herbicide of the chlorotriazine family of pesticides. Cytotoxic effects of atrazine at a dose level of 1 nmol/ml on the slices of goat testis exposed for 1 hour, 4 hours and 8 hours was analyzed in vitro. The results of the investigation revealed that 1 hour exposure to atrazine induced vacuolization and pycnosis in spermatogenic cells. As the exposure duration was extended from I hour to 4 hours and 8 hours, the degenerative changes aggravated and even the Sertoli cells were also affected. A gradual rise in the phenomenon of vacuolization in germ cells and somatic cells were observed. The linning of seminiferous tubule was disrupted and loose scattered cells increased. Pycnosis, hyalinization, disorganization, dislodging and nuclear fragmentation were the common histopathological changes observed in cells exposed to atrazine in vitro. These morphological changes increased exponentially with increase in atrazine exposure.

6 illus, 24 ref

009752   Sharma B K (Zoology Dep, North-Eastern Hill Univ, Permanent Campus, Umshing, Shillong-793 022, Email: bksharma@nehu.ac.in) : Diversity of rotifers (Rotifera, Eurotatoria) of Loktak lake, Manipur, North-eastern India. Trop Ecol 2009, 50(2), 277-85.

The rotifer communities of Loktak lake (a Ramsar site), Manipur, N.E. India, contain 120 species belonging to 36 genera and 19 families and represent the richest biodiversity of Phylum Rotifera known from any aquatic ecosystem of the Indian subcontinent. Biogeographically interesting elements include one Australasian, three Oriental and seven Palaeotropical species. Cosmopolitan species (69.2%) show higher richness while Cosmotropical > Pantropical species are well represented. The rotifer fauna is characterized by notable richness of Lecanidae > Lepadellidae > Trichocercidae > Brachionidae, general 'tropical character', occurrence of several acidophilic species, and a paucity of Brachionus spp. The richness (47-79; mean ± SD 57±10 species) follows multimodal pattern of monthly variations with a peak during winter. The rotifer communities have 52.3-80.6% temporal similarity, and show lack of seasonal periodicity of occurrence of different families. The Rotifera form an important quantitative component of zooplankton (45.8 ± 8.1%), and have higher species diversity, lower dominance and higher evenness. Richness and density are inversely correlated with water, temperature, rainfall, hardness, nitrate, chloride and total dissolved solids and positively correlated with dissolved oxygen. In addition, richness is inversely correlated with PH.

2 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref