003220   Das B C;Sanyal S;Bujarbaruah K M;Das P K; Ghosh P R;Naskar S;Khan M H;Das A B;Bandopadhyay S (P & C Div, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP-243 122) : Comet assay as DNA integrity test for boar spermatoza following preservation with BTS diluent at 18°C. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2006, 8(4), 827-30.

Attempt has been made to use modified neutral comet assay which also could be termed as single cell gel electrophoresis to assess DNA integrity of boar spermatozoa during liquid storage for 24, 48 and 72 hours at 18° C. In the protocol 2% β3-mercaptoethanol has been used prior to the lysis procedure for removing nuclear protein. A total of six boars, three each from Hampshire and Crossbred (Hampshire X Khasi local) taken for this study. Ejaculates sample taken for comet at 0 hour and then preserved for 24, 48 and 72 hours at 18°C. At 0 hour comet percentage was minimum and as the time advances it increases along with time. There was no individual variation among the boars and between the breeds. Study indicates there was elevated level of DNA damage at prolong storage (72 hours) and it seems that long term storage can affect genomic integrity of boar spermatozoa. Therefore, screening of sperm DNA damage may be used as an additional test of sperm function that can have diagnostic value in practice.

2 tables, 10 ref

003219   Choudhary N;Joshi S C;Goyal R (NO, , B-143 A, Kirti Nagar, Tonk Road, Jaipur-302 018) : Hepato and nephro toxicity in rat exposed to malathion. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2006, 8(4), 751-4.

Malathion is widely used pesticide in many countries and has been shown to produce many adverse health effects. In the study the toxic effects of malathion on the vital organs viz liver and kidney have been investigated. Oral administration of malathion at the dose level of 250mg/kg/bwt/day for two and four weeks showed toxic interference with the biochemistry and histology of rat. The biochemical parameters viz aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, acid phosphatase, bilirubin, urea and creatinine were increased whereas alkaline phosphatase was decreased which clearly showed the hepato and nephrotoxic effects of malathion. Histopathologically size of the liver was found to be increased sinusoidal dialation, pycnotic nuclei, cytoplasmic degranulation and various nuclear aberrations were observed. Similarly pathological alterations viz chronic glomerulonephritis. glomeruleroses, odenoma and glomerulus deposits were noticed in the kidney.

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003218   Chawla R;Goyal N;Calton R;Goyal S (Biochemistry Dep, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana-141 008, Email: chawlarn2@yahoo.com) : Ischemia modified albumin : a novel marker for acute coronary syndrome. Indian J clin Biochem 2006, 21(1), 77-82.

Early identification of patients with acute myocardial infarction is of prime importance due to the associated very high mortality. Only 22% of the patients presenting at emergency cardiology care with chest pain have coronary disease. A number of biochemical tests like CKMB and Troponin-T/l have been introduced for early detection of the coronary syndrome (ACS). Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) has been recently introduced as a marker of myocardial ischemia. Estimates serum IMA in four sequential samples from 25 patients admitted to ICCU. Twenty five healthy volunteers formed the control group from which the normal range was derived. IMA was significantly raised in ischemia patients than in controls as well as compared to the patients who did not have cardiac ischemia. IMA demonstrated good discrimination between the ischemic and the non-ischemic patients with an Odds Ratio of 16.9 (6.29 - 46.87) than CKMB which showed an Odds Ratio of 2.07 (1.18 - 6.08). Sensitivity and specificity of IMA for the detection of ACS was 78.0% and 82.7% compared to 58.0% and 60.0%, respectively for the CK-MB assay. The area under the ROC curve of IMA for ischemic v/s non-ischemic patients was 0.834. IMA appears to be developing into a new and very potent marker of cardiac ischemia.

4 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

003217   Bid H K;Ajay Kumar;Mittal R D (Urology Dep, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226 014, Email: rmittal@sgpgi.ac.in) : Internet resources and biochemistry. Indian J clin Biochem 2006, 21(1), 137-41.

The Internet is a massive expanding body of information, which is likely to play a significant role for clinical Biochemists and researchers in patient health care across the world. This expansion has been matched by an increase in the number of individuals using the Internet. Since its inception in December 1969 the Internet has grown rapidly and is anticipated to expand 100% in the coming next few years. Ilustrates to the Biochemists many uses of the Internet and hopefully provides a useful resource for professional and personal use. To explain the origin, functions, use and impact of the Internet and to provide a list of important website addresses related to Biochemistry. Undertooks a detail scan of the Internet and identified a large number of websites pertaining to Biochemistry. The sites were then thoroughly searched to evaluate their potential usefulness to Biochemists, clinicians and researchers. This overview of the Internet and a compilation of important web-site addresses are expected to stimulate and inculcate Biochemists in the use of the web in teaching, training and research.

2 tables, 6 ref

003216   Bhasin V K (Zoology Dep, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, Email: virendrabhasin@hotmail.com) : Many microbial life partners and HIV infection. Indian J Microbiol 2006, 46(4), 415-16.

^scc1 table, 7 ref

003215   Bharali S;Purama R K;Majumder A;Fontes C M G A;Goyal A (Biotechnology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati-781 039, Email: arungoyl@iitg.ernet.in) : Molecular characteristics of a novel, recombinant glycoside hydrolase of family 26 from Clostridium thermocellum. Indian J Microbiol 2006, 46(4), 371-8.

Family 26, glycoside hydrolase (GH26) of bi-functional cellulase (GH26-GH5) with two catalytic modules GH26 and GH5 having different catalytic activities from Clostridium thermocellum was amplified through PCR and cloned into an expression vector pET21a. The 30 kDa protein was hyper-expressed in BL-21 E. coli cells and was purified to homogeneity by a single step purification method using immobilised metal ion affinity-chromatography. The purified clostridial GH26 enzyme, unlike other members of the family GH26, which normally display activity towards manno- configured substrates like mannan, galactomannan or glucomannan showed no activity towards these substrates. However, the clostridial GH26 enzyme showed high activity towards gluco configured substrates such as lichenan and β-glucan. The clostridial GH26 is highly specific endo acting β-l,3-1,4-glucanase. The clostridial enzyme GH26 is maximally active within pH range, 6-8.5 and has a wider optimum temperature range, 60-80°C.

5 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

003214   Bhandary Y P;Krithika K N;Kulkarni S;Reddy M V R;Harinath B C (Biochemistry Dep, , MGIMS, Sevagram, Wardha-442 102) : Detection of enzymes dehdrogenases and proteases in Brugia malayi filarial parasites. Indian J clin Biochem 2006, 21(1), 1-7.

Lymphatic filariasis caused mainly by infection from W. bancrofti and B. malayl remains a major cause of clinical morbidity in tropical and subtropical countries. Analysis of B.malayi mf, infective larval and adult worm lysates for the activity of enzymes led to the demonstration of activities of three key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism viz., Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Malic enzyme (ME) and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in all the three stages of the parasite. The specific activity of all the three dehydrogenases was significantly high in mf lysate compared to their activity in lysates of the other two stages (P<60>0.001). Analysis by native polyacrylamide gel elebtrophoresis (PAGE) using 7.5% non-gradient gel showed the presence of two isoforms of each of the three enzymes (MDH, ME & G6PDH) in mf lysate, while only one form of each enzyme was present in L₃ larval and adult worm lysates. Further proteolytic enzyme activity was demonstrated both in microfilarial and infective larval lysates of B.malayi. While both mf and L₃ larval lysates showed optimal protease activity at alkaline pH of 9.0, the mf lysate showed increased activity also at pH 3.0. The infective larval lysate was markedly inhibited by Tosylamide -L-Phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), a thiol protease inhibitor, while the protease activity in mf lysate was significantly inhibited by both TPCK and a serine protease inhibitor Phenyl Methyl Sulphonyl Flouride (PMSF). In sodium do-decyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), using gelatin copolymerized gel, the microfilarial lysate showed 3 protease molecules of 40 kDa, 180 kDa and 200 kDa and the L, larval lysate had 6 protease moledules of 18. 25 37. 49, 70 and 200 kDa size.

9 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

003213   Arora S;Jain A;Chitra T (Biochemistry Dep, Lady Hardinge Medical College & Smt. Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, New Delhi-110 001, Email: sarikaarora08@rediffmail.com) : Effects of short-term hormone replacement on atherogenic Indices in Indian postmenopausal women. Indian J clin Biochem 2006, 21(1), 41-7.

Indian ethnicity by itself is a strong risk factor for development of CAD in Indian postmenopausal women due to lower HDL levels as compared to Whites and women of oriental origin. We evaluated and compared the short- term effects of menopause, estrogen replacement therapy and combined estrogen and progestin replacement therapy on various atherogenic indices. 40 postmenopausal women, both surgical and natural (20 each) were selected. 10 surgical postmenopausal women were given 0.625 mg conjugated estrogens daily for 6 months and 10 natural postmenopausal women were given 0.625 mg conjugated estrogen with 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate daily. 20 women were included in the control group and given placebo. Fasting venous blood samples were analyzed for extended lipid profile and calculated atherogenic indices before starting the therapy and after 1,3 and 6 months. LDL and Apolipoprotein B increased (p<60>0.05) and those of Apolipoprotein A1 and HDL decreased in the control groups. In both the study groups levels of serum cholesterol and LDL decreased (p<60>0.05) and those of HDL and Apolipoprotein A1 increased (p<60>0.01). LDL/HDL, Apo B/ApoA1, Total Cholesterol/ HDL decreased significantly (p<60>0.05) in both the study groups compared to the control groups. The effect of estrogen alone was more significant as compared to combination therapy. Log Triglycerides (TG)/HDL ratio showed a decrease in women on estrogen alone but the difference was not significant. The study confirms that short term HRT has a favorable effect on atherogenic indices in Indian postmenopausal women.

2 tables, 23 ref

002222   Vaikosen S E;Muller W;Zucker B;Ikhatua U J (NO, Benin Univ, Benin City, Nigeria) : Clostridium perfringens type D variants isolated from small ruminants in Nigeria. Indian J Anim Sci 2007, 77(2), 123-5.

Field strains of Clostridium perfringens type D variants isolated from faecal samples of small ruminants in Nigeria were investigated. Faecal samples (340) were collected from goats and sheep from different geographical, ecological zones and different animal husbandry systems. A total of 154 isolates were found and after biochemical tests, 91 of the isolates were confirmed as true Clostridium pertringens. On further characterization using the ELISA method, 19 strains were C. perfringens type D. Sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to assess the variant of 19 purified type D strains of the Clostridium pertringens. Reference strains type ATCC840D and marker protein with 45 to 96Kda obtained from the Department of Environmental and Animal Hygiene, Free University of Berlin, were used as control during the study. There were no quantitative difference found in inner and intra-specific levels of strains isolated from different ecos-and husbandry systems, therefore no indication of different variants of Clostridium pertringens type D in the investigated area.

14 ref

002221   Tanushree;Koley S;Sandhu J S (Sports Medicine and Physiotherapy Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar-143 005, Email: drkoley@yahoo.co.uk) : Estimation of body fat by different methods in collegiate population: A methodology study. South Asian Anthrop 2006, 6(2), 151-54.

Deals with the assessment of body composition components of 324 randomly selected normal healthy collegiates, aged 17-27 years from Amritsar, Punjab using four field methods such as bioelectrical impedance analysis, two skinfold method, four skinfold method and girth measurement method. Results indicated that two skinfold method and four skinfold method are more accurate over bioelectrical impedance analysis and girth measurement method. Of those, two skinfold method was found to be most accurate for the assessment of body composition component (two compartment model) for collegiate population.

5 tables, 13 ref

002220   Supriya Devi L;Yadava P S (Ecology Lab. Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Imphal-795 003, Email: yadavps1@sancharnet.in ) : Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of tropical semievergreen forest of Manipur, North East India. Trop Ecol 2006, 47(1), 89-98.

Floristic diversity of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus dominated forest of Manipur situated along the Indo-Myanmar Border, northeastern India has been studied. A total of 123 species belonging to 48 families were recorded. The quantitative features such as density and importance value index of species varied greatly. The diversity index of shrubs and herbs were found to be higher than the tree species. The concentration of dominance was recorded highest in the tree species. The presence of low number of higher girth class of tree species and higher number of the saplings and seedlings indicates that the present forest is young exhibiting frequent regeneration.

1 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

002219   Singh S P;Zobel D B;Garkoti S C;Tewari A;Negi C M S (NO, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Srinagar-246 174, Email: zobeld@science.oregonstate.edu) : Patterns in water relations of central Himalayan trees. Trop Ecol 2006, 47(2), 159-82.

Authors measured water relations of 11 tree species from tropical to cool-temperate forests at 450-2310 m elevation in the central Himalaya of India, including water potential (Ψ), leaf conductance (g1), osmotic potential (Ψ_s). an index of tissue elasticity (ε), relative water content at turgor loss (RWC_z). and four aspects of twig xylem conductance. Determined the degree, timing, and distribution of lowΨ; the variation in properties with tree growth form, phylogenetic origin, and distribution of the species: and responses and possible adaptations to drought. Study species represented dominant canopy evergreen angiosperms (Shorea robusta Gaertn., Quercus leucotrichophoro A. Camus. Q. floribiinda Lindley ex A. Camus), an evergreen canopy oak of limited local importance (Q. lanata Smith), undercanopy evergreen angiosperms with a wide (Rhododendron arboreuin Smith) and restricted (Modulus duthiei King) distribution, winter-deciduous angiosperm canopy trees of subordinate importance (Carpmns viminea Lindley, Cornus inacrophylla Wall., Fraxinus micrantha Lingelsh.), and canopy conifers with a wide (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) and restricted (Cupressus torulosa D. Don) distribution. The lowest Ψ values in ,the study were moderately severe, compared to trees in other climatic zones and to a subsequent drought year in our region. Ψ declined at higher elevations, and was lowest during the hot season before monsoon rains and for four high elevation species, in winter; secondary lows occurred in early summer. Shorea robusta. from the lowest elevation, had the highestΨ; Pinus roxburghii and Cornus macrophylla were also usually high. Predawn Ψ did not vary consistently with growth form. Widely distributed species had higher Ψ, more elastic tissue, and a lower RWC_z than localized species. Canopy species had a higher proportion of active twig xylem than undercanopy species. Oaks had more xylem and higher twig xylem conductance per unit leaf area than other genera. Conifers displayed higher Ψ_s. more elastic tissue, and a higher proportion of active twig xylem, but much lower leaf-specific twig xylem conductance, than associated angiosperms. Deciduous species had higher twig xylem conductance than evergreen angiosperms, but often differed from each other. Gadeclined with elevation, but did not differ among groups of species.

7 illus, 14 tables, 55 ref

002218   Singh A P;Raha P;Yadav P K (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Institute of Agril. Sciences, BHU, Varanasi-221 005) : Effect of sulphur and manganese fertilisation on content and quality of rice bran oil. Indian J agric Biochem 2005, 18(1), 19-23.

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif seasons on an Inceptisol of Varanasi to study the effect of S and Mn fertilization on content and quality of bran oil of different rice varieties viz. Pant-12 (short duration) Swarna (long duration) and Malviya-36 (medium duration). The field experiment was conducted under split-split plot design with three replications of the treatments comprising S and Mn applied @ 0, 25, 50 and 0, 10, 20 kg ha^-1 through gypsum and MnCI₂, respectively and their combinations. A uniform application of recommended doses of N, P and K was given in all the experimental plots. Application of both, the levels of S and Mn significantly enhanced the bran content and yield of rice over control. The highest dose of Mn and S on an average caused an increase of about 15.2 % and 45.0 % in bran oil yield over control, respectively. Increasing levels of S brought about noticeable increments in the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, including PUFA indicating thereby improvement in quality of bran oil.

5 tables, 12 ref

002217   Sharma S;Virdi P;Gambhir S;Munshi S K (Biochemistry and Chemistry Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Changes in soluble sugar content and antioxidant enzymes in soybean seeds under different storage conditions. Indian J agric Biochem 2005, 18(1), 9-12.

Soybean seeds stored in polythene and jute bags at different temperatures viz., 15°C, 32°C and room temperature (RT) for a period of 180 days were studied for soluble sugars content, lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes, and related this information with the germination and seed viability. Under different storage conditions, the germination of soybean seeds was maximum soon after harvest as compared to different periods of storage (DoS). Contents of total soluble sugars and sucrose were higher after harvest and decreased during 45 days of storage. Total soluble sugars increased from 45 to 180 DoS irrespective of storage conditions. Sucrose content increased from 45 to 90 DoS and then decreased till 180 days in seeds stored in jute bags at 15°C and 32°C with little change in other storage conditions. The content of reducing sugars increased during 45 days and then decreased, however the reducing sugars decreased steadily in jute bags stored at 15°C and 32°C. The levels of malonaldehyde increased in the seeds stored in both the packaging from 45 to 180 DoS at all the three temperatures. The increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation in seeds during storage was associated with the decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes like catalase and peroxidase.

2 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

002216   Shankar S K;Girigouda K;Mulimani H V (Biochemistry Dep, Gulbarga Univ, Gulbarga, Karnataka-585 106, Email: v_h_mulimani@rediffmail.com) : Production of α-galactosidase any Aspergillus oryzae using solid state fermentation. Indian J Microbiol 2006, 46(2), 165-7.

Aspergillus oryzae produced α-galactosidase during solid substrate fermentation. Maximum a-galactosidase activity was 5.12 Ug^-1 with pigeonpea plant waste as solid substrate, when fortified with galactose. α-Galactosidase yield increased, when soybean flour was used as a supplementary carbon source. Optimum temperature and pH for α-galactosidase activity were 50°C and 4.8 respectively.

^ssc1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

002215   Roy S;Roy M M (NO, Indian Grassland & Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi-284 003, Email: royssharmila@lycas.com) : Spatial distribution and seasonal abundance of soil mites and collembola in grassland and Leucaena plantation in a semi-arid region. Trop Ecol 2006, 47(1), 57-62.

Based on an analysis of spatial distribution and seasonal abundance of soil mites and collembola in two distinct systems (grassland and Leucaena plantation) in a semiarid region, highly significant negative correlation (r = 0.72) was found between faunal population and soil temperature in grassland, whereas highly significant positive correlation (r - 0.96) was detected in Leucaena plantation. The population peaks were achieved in different seasons in these systems, winter in grassland (5.7 x 10⁴ m^-2) and monsoon in Leucaena plantation (6.2 x 10⁴ m^-2). The general distribution pattern of fauna also differed, tendency towards aggregation in grassland and random nature in Leucaena plantation.

2 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

002214   Ramoliya P J;Pandey A N (Biosciences Dep, Saurashtra Univ, Rajkot-360 005, Email: anpandey2001@yahoo.com) : Effect of salinization of soil on emergence, growth and survival of Albizzia lebbek seedlings. Trop Ecol 2006, 47(1), 27-36.

Effect of soil salinization on emergence, growth and physiological attributes of seedlings of Albizzia lebbek (Linn.) Benth. (Mimosaceae) was studied. A mixture of chlorides and sulphates of Na, K, Ca and Mg was added to the soil and salinity was maintained at 4.1, 6.3, 8.2, 10.1, 12.2 and 14.1 dSm^-1. A negative relationship between percent seed germination and salt concentration was obtained. Seedlings did not emerge when soil salinity exceeded 12.2 dSm^-1. Results suggested that this tree species is salt tolerant at seed germination stage. Seedlings survived and grew up to soil salinity of 12.2 dSm^-1. Eventually, this species is salt tolerant at seedling stage too. Stem and root elongation were retarded by increasing salt stress. However, this species has a tendency for rapid root penetration and roots are able to extract water from very dry saline soil (6.8 % moisture). Young roots and stems were most tolerant to salt stress and were followed by leaves and old roots successively. Leaf tissues exhibited drastic reduction in dry mass production in response to increasing salt stress. However, production of young roots and death of old roots were found to be continuous and plants apparently use this process as an avoidance mechanism to remove excess ions and delay onset of ion accumulation in this tissue. This phenomenon, designated "old fine root turnover", is of importance to the mechanisms of salt tolerance. The ability of this plant to thrive in dry regions is further conferred by the xeromorphic features of its leaves.

3 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

002213   Ramasarma T (Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, , Hyderabad-500 076, Email: ramasarma@hotmail.com ) : Many faces of superoxide dismutase, originally known as erythrocuprein. Curr Sci 2007, 92(2), 184-91.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD), discovered in 1969 by Fridovich, was found to be identical with the ubiquitous copper protein, erythrocuprein, originally described by Keilin. SOD had great influence in the studies on oxygen radicals and toxicity. New reactions, now identified with this protein, expand its potential beyond dismutation of superoxide. By virtue of being a copper protein with accessible metal centre, the SOD protein shows efficient reversible electron transfer with superoxide (0^-°₂). So do others in addition to 0^-°₂. Utilizing this potential, SOD can nullify autoxidation by dismutating the two radical products formed in the first step of electron transfer. This brings out a true antioxidant function of SOD of saving catechol, thiol and other compounds from autoxidation loss. Among the emerging novel functions, two examples are outstanding. First is the protection against autoxidative inactivation of calcineurin (a protein phosphatase) by the native SOD protein, but not its mutant forms. Second is the ability of exogenously added native SOD as well as metalª free protein (with no possibility of dismutation activity) to regulate an intracellular enzyme, HMGCoA reductase, and thereby cholesterol biogenesis. A quantum jump has been made in understanding the versatility of the SOD protein in cell funcªtions by the discovery of mutants in the neurodegenerative disease, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These mutant proteins retain the dismutase activity to varying degree (like isoenzymes), have changes in structure and folding and an increased tendency to form aggregates and insoluble complexes, and assume activities that are toxic.

52 ref

002212   Patocka J;Hon Z;Streda L;Kuca K;Jun D (NO, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic) : Biohazards of protein biotoxins. Def Sci J 2007, 57(6), 825-37.

Biotoxins are toxic substances produced by a living organism that cause diseases in human beings, animals, or plants. The agent may be lethal or incapacitating. The new, emerging threat agents are biotoxins produced by animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. Many types of organisms produce substances that are toxic to humans. Examples of such biotoxins are botulinum toxin, tetanus toxin, and ricin. Several bioactive molecules produced by the pharmaceutical industry can be even more toxic than the classical chemical warfare agents. Such new agents, like the biotoxins and bioregulators, often are called mid-spectrum agents. The threat to human beings from agents developed by modern chemical synthesis and by genetic engineering also must be considered, since such agents may be more toxic or more effective in causing death or incapacitation than classical warfare agents. By developing effective medical protection and treatment against the most likely chemical and mid-spectrum threat agents, the effects of such agents in a war scenario or following a terrorist attack can be reduced. Toxin-mediated diseases have made human beings ill for millennia. The use of biological agents as weapons of terror has now been realised, and separating naturally occurring disease from bioterroristic events has become an important public health goal.

72 ref

002211   Osterreicher J;Driak D;Vilasova Z;Vavrova J (NO, Univ of Def, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) : Impact of phospho-ELK-1 expression in enterocytes in biodosimetry after low-dose irradiation. Def Sci J 2007, 57(6), 845-51.

Higher phospho-ELK-1 (p-ELK-1) expression in enterocytes 24-96 h after sub-lethal irradiation was measured. Therefore, purpose of this study is to examine in vivo expression of this common ERKl/2 and JNK/SAPK target during the first hours after low-dose irradiation to assess ability of this transcriptional factor as a biodosimetric market after the single whole-body irradiation. The laboratory rats were randomly divided into 12 groups and irradiated with whole-body gamma radiation dose of 0.25 Gy, 0.5 Gy, and 1.0 Gy. Samples of jejunum were taken 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 24 h later, the p-ELK-1 was immunohistochemically detected and then its expression was measured by computer image analysis. A significantly increased expression of -ELK-1 in enterocytes was measured 1 h, 2 h, and 4 b after 0.5 Gy and 1.0 Gy irradiation, 24 h after all radiation doses, respectively. Peak of p-ELK-1 expression was observed at 0.5 Gy at all time points after irradiation. The detection of p-ELK-1 might be considered as a perspective qualitative in vivo biodosimetric marker for military purposes expressed by proliferative cells 24 h after irradiation with doses from 0.25 Gy to 1.0 Gy.

3 tables, 20 ref

002210   Oatham M P;Ramnarine S (Life Sciences Dep, West Indies Univ, St. Augustine, Trinidad, Email: moatham@fsa.uwi.tt) : Dynamics of pioneer an primary successional stage trees in a logged trinidadian tropical rainforest and the influence of drought. Trop Ecol 2006, 47(1), 13-26.

Study tested the hypothesis that pioneer and primary stage tree species responded differently to drought events which are thought to be increasing in importance as an ecological driver in the eastern Caribbean and northern South America. Data were collected and analyzed from trees ≥20 cm dbh from 18 one ha plots over a 13 year period in a seasonal evergreen rainforest in Trinidad. Total, pioneer and primary species stem density changes were compared between 1983-84 and 1996-97. Stem density changes for individual species were also compared. Stem density changes of the different successional stage species were compared on a shorter timescale of before and after a drought. Mortality and recruitment rates for all stems and for each successional stage were tested for difference between" drought and non-drought intervals. Total and primary stem density showed significant increases over 13 yrs but no significant difference at the shorter time scale before and after drought. Two primary and two pioneer stage species increased in stem density over 13 years while one species, a pioneer, decreased in stem density. Mortality and recruitment rates of pioneer and primary stage species were different and both were affected by drought conditions, but none more than the other. The results were discussed in the light of past logging history of the forest and projected climate change for the region.

5 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

002209   Oatham M P;Boodram N (Life Sciences Dep, West Indies Univ, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago) : Gap analysis of neotropical dry forests in protected areas using geographical information systems and global datasets. Trop Ecol 2006, 47(2), 271-8.

Gap analysis was carried out to assess the percentage of neotropical dry forests in protected areas. Antillean and northern South American dry forests were assessed as a subset to assess the conservation importance of Trinidad and Tobago dry forests. The conservation status of dry forests in the neotropics was found to be very poor with over 80% of dry forest ecoregions in the critical/endangered category, indicating they will not persist if current trends in clearing and degradation continue. The gap analysis indicated approximately 1.9 % of the potential dry forest ecoregions were in protected areas of IUCN categories I-III. A similar percentage of dry forest ecoregions was protected in the Lesser Antilles and northern South America, although some dry forest habitat is likely to be protected as part of other seasonal tropical ecoregions such as xeric shrublands.

2 tables, 30 ref

002208   Mohanty M;Jena A K;Patra H K (Environmental Physiology Lab of Botany P G Dep, Utkal Univ, Bhubaneswar-751 004) : Effect of chelated chromium compounds on chlorophyll content and activities o catalase and peroxidase in wheat seedlings. Indian J agric Biochem 2005, 18(1), 25-29.

The present study shows the influence of chelating agents and toxic Cr(VI) on wheat plant in relation to its growth, chlorophyll content, catalase and peroxidase activities. Notable increase in biomass of seedlings was observed with the supply of Cr⁺6-DTPA (10 μM) in the nutrient solution. The activity of catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) were found to be more sensitive to toxic concentrations of Cr(VI) i.e. Cr⁺⁶ (100 μM). Peroxidase activity was very unstable with the application of chelating complex (Cr⁺⁶ : EDDHA-10 μM) in the nutrient solution. Among the seedlings treated with chelated chromium complexes, Cr⁺¹⁶-DTPA (10μM) treated seedlings showed highest growth rate, high shoot peroxidase and root catalase activity. However with, Cr⁺⁶-EDTA (10 μM) treatment chlorophyll content was found to be highest as compared to other treatments. With Cr⁺⁶-EDDHA (10μM) treatment shoot catalase and root peroxidase activities were highest as compared to other treatments.

1 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

002207   Mitra K (Anthropology Dep, New Brunswick Univ, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3, Email: kmitra@unb.ca) : Can globalization facilitate HIV transmission in India?. South Asian Anthrop 2006, 6(2), 107-13.

Anthropological HIV/AIDS research has an important role to play in helping us understand the factors that enable HIV transmission. The transmission of HIV/AIDS is very often linked with imbalances of power and access to resources among different groups, therefore, it is important to examine the factors that exacerbate these differences and inequalities and the ways in which globalization influences the transmission. This paper discusses the greater vulnerability of women to HIV/AIDS in the context of globalization, and addresses the need for developing sound intervention strategies for containing the spread of HIV, and mitigating its impact on the vulnerable population.

29 ref

002206   Mahajan D M;Kale V S (Botany Dep, , 38/1/1, Sai-Raj Residency, A/16, Ganesh-Raj Park, New Sangvi, Pune-411 027, Email: dmmahajan97@yahoo.com) : Spatial characteristics of vegetation cover based on remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS). Trop Ecol 2006, 47(1), 71-9.

Pattern of vegetation distribution on ground is always associated with particular topographic features. In order to understand the relationship between altitude, degree of slope and drainage network on one hand and the vegetation cover on other, topographical maps and Indian Remote Sensing satellite images (IRS-1A) on 1:50,000 scale were studied and IDRISI Geographical Information Software was used. The images were acquired in December 1989 and December 1990. This exercise demonstrated the control of elevation (altitude), relief and drainage on the spatial distribution of vegetation cover. The biotic factors are also responsible for the spatial distribution of vegetation. The vegetation of this area is mixed dry deciduous with few moist deciduous elements. The interpretation of satellite images resulted into five vegetation classes and GIS analysis indicates that the very dense forest was mostly confined to interfluve areas at variable relative relief, but particularly at higher elevation i.e. 400 and 800 m ASL. Open forests were found to be associated with settlements and agricultural fields. The sparse vegetation was common on interfluves and along nallas at high elevation. These results were strongly supported by ground surveys at selected locations.

1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

002205   Kuhad R C;Kapoor M;Chaudhary K (Microbiology Dep, Delhi South Campus Univ, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi-110 021, Email: rameshkuhad@yahoo.com) : Production of xylanase from Streptomyces sp. M-83 using cost-effective substrates and its application in improving digestibility of monogastric animal fed. Indian J Microbiol 2006, 46(2), 109-19.

Alkalophilic Streptomyces sp. M-83, isolated from the decaying flowers of Bombax ceba, produced alkalo-thermostable xylanase, amylase and phytase when grown on wheat bran under submerged fermentation. Use of immobilized cells of Streptomyces on polyurethane foam enhanced xylanase yield by 133 percent over submerged fermentation. In solid state fermentation, using wheat bran, yield of 2911.0 IU xylanase g^-1 dry substrate was obtained at substrate-to-moisture ratio of 1:2 in 48 h at 37°C. Glycine and cynacobalamin enhanced xylanase production by 3.5 and 3.2-folds, respectively, under submerged fermentation conditions. In solid state fermentation. L-arginine monohydrochloride and pyridoxine induced 3-fold and 2.78-fold more enzyme production. The partially purified xylanase was optimally active at pH 6 and 60°C. The enzyme was stable for more than 3 h with 60.0 percent retained activity at pH 4.0 to 9.0 and with temperature ranging from 50 to 60 °C. The efficiency of crude enzyme in treating chick feed was maximum after 5 h and resulted in 200 and 360 percent increase in the release of reducing sugars and soluble phosphorous, respectively.

5 illus, 5 tables, 36 ref

002204   Krishnankutty N;Jeyakumar G;Chandrasekaran S (NO, , 1/2 E2 E2 Road, Chinnachochikulm, Madurai-625 002, Email: krishnanasc@yahoo.co.in) : Behavioural analysis of bonnet macaque- human interaction in deciduous forest of Alagar Hill (eastern ghats) South India. Trop Ecol 2006, 47(1), 133-8.

Study was conducted on the behavioral responses of bonnet macaques, Macaca radiata (Family:Cercopithecidae), following intensive interactions with human beings in deciduous forests of Alagar Hill (eastern ghats), Madurai City (12°18'N and 76°42'E), south India. Totally, ten types of behavioural responses were selected, described and recorded by direct observation for 30 days (240 h) during the post-monsoon seasons (October-November) of 1999 and 2000. The recorded responses were grouped into four types of offensive (open-mouth threat, follow-up, chase and attack) and five types of submissive (acceptance, tree-shaking, group-breaking, hiding and escape) behaviours. Our basic data suggested that submissive behaviours (624 responses of 5 types; 62.12%) were more expressed in bonnet macaque population of Alagar Hill when compared to offensive behaviours (380 responses of 4 types; 37.9%) due to heavy anthropogenic pressures and a variety of disturbances to their natural life from both pilgrims and local inhabitants. Based on these results, certain public awareness measures are suggested to reduce the anthropogenic threat to bonnet macaque populations of Alagar Hill in south India.

4 tables, 19 ref

002203   Krishnankutty N;Chandrasekaran S;Jeyakumar G (NO, , 1/2 E2 E2 Road, Chinnachochikulam, Madurai-625 002, Email: krishnanasc@yahoo.co.in) : Evaluation of disturbance in a tropical dry deciduous forest of Alagar hill (eastern ghats), South India. Trop Ecol 2006, 47(1), 47-55.

Disturbance to a tropical dry deciduous forest of Alagar hill (eastern ghats), Madurai (12°18'N; 76°42'E), south India was assessed comparatively at foot (275 m), mid (350 m) and top (550 m) hill locations with differential intensity of disturbance. The selected measures were broadly pertained to tree density, canopy thickness, abundance of herbs and insects, cattle grazing and human intervention. Sampling was performed during post monsoon (October-November) seasons of 1999 and 2000 and summer (March-May) season of 2003. Number of trees with multiple stems, number of crossing branches, abundance of herbs, foliage insects and butterflies and thickness of canopy cover were highest at top-hill and lowest at foothill. Number of man made tracks and number of human intruders were highest at foot-hill while lowest at top-hill. One way ANOVA revealed significant differences in all measures between locations at three different altitudes. Data revealed that dry deciduous forest of Alagar hill, south India is being subjected to heavy disturbance at foot and mid-hill locations. Top-hill is relatively relieved from such disturbance.

3 tables, 45 ref

002202   Kar D;Mazumdar J;Halder I;Dey M (Life Sci Dep, Assam (Central) Univ, Silchar-788 011, Email: devashishkar@sify.com ) : Dynamics of initiation of disease in fishes through interaction of microbes and the environment. Curr Sci 2007, 92(2), 177-9.

3 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

002201   Ibomcha Singh L;Yadava P S (Ecology Lab. Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Imphal-795 003, Email: yadavps1@sancharnet.in) : Spatial distribution of microbial biomass in relation to land-use in subtropical systems of North-east India. Trop Ecol 2006, 47(1), 63-70.

Spatial distribution of microbial biomass in relation to major land-use (grassland and agroecosystem) in subtropical region of north-east India was studied from April 2000 to March 2001. The mean microbial biomass C, N and P across the study sites at 0-10 cm soil depth ranged from 168 to 395, 20 to 68 and 8 to 30 μg g^-1 soil month^-1 respectively. The microbial biomass exhibited seasonal peak in May and consistently decrease in both systems to the minimum in September and thereafter increase in later months. The microbial biomass in soil was characterized by a mean C:N:P ratio of 15:2:1 in grassland and 14:2:1 in agroecosystem. The microbial biomass was positively correlated to soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorous and soil pH. Higher soil microbial biomass was recorded in grassland than in agroecosystem indicating its decline on conversion of grassland into agroecosystem.

1 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

002200   Hossain G (Statistics Dep, Rajshahi Univ, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh, Email: hossain95@yahoo.com) : Comparative study of height, weight and body mass index between female university students of Bangladesh and Japan. South Asian Anthrop 2006, 6(2), 115-20.

Aim of the present study is to compare the height, weight and body mass index (BMI) between university female students in Bangladesh and Japan. A total of 1832 female students aged 18-25 years participated in this study. 634 female students were collected from Rajshahi University, Bangladesh. This series was compared with the Japanese series of Hossain el al. (2004). Data were analyzed using STATISTICA software.The results demonstrate that the health condition of Japanese adult female students are better than that of Bangladeshi adult female students. It suggests that improved nutrition and especial education regarding body weight management are needed for Bangladeshi female students for improving health condition.

1 illus, 7 tables, 15 ref

002199   Hazarika P;Talukdar N C;Singh Y P (NO, Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat-785 010, Email: prasantjorhat@yahoo.co.in) : Natural colonization of plant species on coal mine spoils at tikak colliery, Assam. Trop Ecol 2006, 47(1), 37-46.

Coal mine spoils of 1, 5, 10 and 15 year old at Tikak Colliery, Margherita, Assam, were surveyed for naturally occurring plant species. Three adjacent natural forest (NF) sites were also surveyed. The plant species diversity, similarity and Importance Value Index (IVI) values were compared between mine spoils and natural forest sites. Diversity of naturally occurring plant species increased and dominance values decreased with the increasing age of mine spoils. Plant density and abundance values also varied among or between the spoils and adjacent natural forest. The number of plants species in 1-15 year old mine spoils varied between 12 and 14. In contrast, 43 plant species were recorded in the natural forest. These results suggest that only a few naturally occurring plant species of the Tikak Colliery can adapt to the harsh physico-chemical and biological conditions of young mine spoils. These plant species may prove useful in speedy revegetation programs of mine spoils.

1 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

002198   Gupta S;Verma A K;Laxmi Chand (Biochemistry Dep, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities G.B. Pant Univ Agriculture & Te, Pantnagar-263 145) : Comparative study of a new protocol for isolation of high quality RNA from plant tissues. Indian J agric Biochem 2005, 18(1), 31-4.

The isolation of high quality ribonucleic acid (RNA) from plant has been difficult due to presence of high amount of polysaccharides, polyplenolics and nucleases that mediate RNA degradation. After comparative analysis of four protocols for RNA isolation, a modified method was developed which gave maximum yield with purity. Modified method is not only suitable for the isolation of intact RNA from immature seeds of legumes containing high amount of starch, polyphenolics and several nucleases but also works successfully with other plant organs like leaves, epicotyls and callus. The yield of total RNA extracted by this modified method varied from 71 to 417 mg/g tissues.

1 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

002197   Filia G;Jand S K;Arora A K;Oberoi M S (NO, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab-141 004) : Comparative efficacy of whole cell vaccines prepared from Pasteurella multocida grown under different growth conditions. Indian J Anim Sci 2007, 77(2), 119-22.

Comparative efficacy of whole cell vaccine against haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) prepared under 3 different (normal, iron deplete and iron replete) growth conditions along with commercially available alum precipitated vaccine was studied in rabbits. The immune response was monitored by ELISA and microagglutination tests, which showed continuous rise in antibody titre from day 0 to day 21. There was no significant difference in results between different vaccine groups in vaccinated rabbits. On the basis of ELISA titre observed on day 21 for each group of rabbits, the whole cell vaccine of Pasteurella multocida grown under normal growth conditions and using aluminium hydroxide gel as adjuvant was administered to buffalo calves. Following challenge with virulent P. multocida cells, all the vaccinated buffalo calves survived.

^ssc2 tables, 17 ref

002196   Fateh Singh;Ravindra Kumar;Pal S;Pramod Kumar (NO, Regional Agicultural Research Station, Kalai, Aligarh-202 125) : Efficacy of biodynamic compost application on production of rice and wheat. Ann agric Res 2006, 27(1), 99-101.

1 table, 4 ref

002195   Arunachalam K;Arunachalam A (Forestry Dep, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli-791 109, Email: arunachalam_in@yahoo.com) : Nitrogen availability and N-mineralization under different land use types in the humid tropics of Arunachal Pradesh. Trop Ecol 2006, 47(1), 99-107.

Nitrogen (N) availability and N-mineralization rates were characterized in three tropical ecosystems under different land use, viz., paddy field, shifting agricultural (jhum) fallow and forest. The soil was sandy loam and acidic in all three sites.Variation in soil organic carbon between the sites was small. However, total N was highest in the jhum fallow. Soil C/N ratio, organic carbon and pH were greater at lower depths than the top 0-10 cm soil layer. Total N concentration was higher in the top soil layer. Ammonium concentration was greater than nitrate in both soil depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm) across sites and seasons. Available-N (ammonium+nitrate) was comparatively greater in agricultural systems than the forest. Ammonification, nitrification and net N-mineralization rates were significantly different between sites and soil depths and seasons. Net N-mineralization rates were significantly higher during rainy season and lower during winter. Average net N-mineralization rate was highest in jhum fallow (1.47 g m^-2 yr^-1), followed by paddy field and forest.

5 tables, 30 ref

002194   Ajeet Prasad (Anthropology Dep, Ranchi Univ, Ranchi-834 008, Email: ajeetpd@rediffmail.com) : Knowledge, beliefs and practices in relation to malaria among the tribals of Gumla, Jharkhand. South Asian Anthrop 2006, 6(2), 185-8.

Household survey was undertaken among the tribals of Gumla district where the incidence of malaria was reported to be high. Information was gathered from the tribal people about their knowledge, attitude, beliefs and practices towards malaria by means of participant observation, group discussion and interviewing elderly knowledgeable tribal heads of the village. The result shows that tribal people incorporate modern and traditional elements into their concept of malaria disease and treatment strategies. However, deficiency of malaria control/programs and government's apathy in controlling the malaria was aired by the tribals of the area. The study focuses the importance of understanding the tribal beliefs and practices when planning or evaluating malaria control programme.

5 ref

001312   Zhang X;Cheng X;Wang C;Xue Z;Yang L;Xi Z (Chemistry Dep, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, Email: xcheng@ustc.edu.cn) : Studies on interactions between plant secondary metabolites and glutathione transferase using fluorescence quenching method. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2007, 44(2), 101-5.

Interactions between plant secondary metabolites (tannic acid, rutin, cinnamic acid and catechin) and glutathione transferase (GST) were investigated by fluorescence and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Intrinsic fluorescence of GST was measured by selectively exciting their tryptophan (Trp) residues and quenching constants were determined using the Stern-Volmer equation. The binding affinity was found to be strongest for tannic acid and ranked in the order tannic acid<62>rutin>cinnamic acid<62>catechin. The pH values in the range of 6.7-7.9, except for tannic acid, did not affect significantly the affinity of rutin, cinnamic acid and catechin with GST. Results showed that the fluorescence quenching of GST was a static quenching. Fluorescence quenching and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy suggested that only the tannic acid changed the microenvironment of the Trp residues. Furthermore, the number of binding sites and binding constants at different pH values showed that tannic acid had strongest affinity towards GST and hydrogen bonding played an important role in the affinity between GST and the metabolites.

001311   Vimala Y;Suneetha P;Elizabeth K M (Microbiology Dep, College of Science, GITAM, Visakhapatnam-530 045) : Antimicrobial activity of ethanol and chloroform extracts of Decalepis hamiltoni on pathogenic microorganisms and microbial isolates of spoiled vegetables. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2007, 9(1), 53-7.

Antimicrobial activity of ethanol and chloroform root extracts of D. hamiltoni were tested on several pathogenic micro organisms and microbial isolates of spoiled vegetables by disc diffusion method. The crude, cold ethanol, distillate and residual extracts of D. hamiltoni were tried on various micro organisms. The crude extract showed zones of inhibition ranging from 6 to 15mm with maximum activity against isolated P₂ species and least activity against isolated LF₁, LF₂, LF₃, P, AG, EC, STM, SM, P.A. and fungal pathogens tested. The zones of inhibition to aqueous extract, crude ethanol extract, cold ethanol distillate and residual extract ranged between 06-15mm, 07-23.5mm, 6-30mm, 6-27mm and 6-26 mm respectively. The zones of inhibition of chloroform extracts ranged between Aqueous extracts 0.0-22.5, crude CHcl₃ 8-18 cold CHcl₃ extract (0.0-26 mm), Distillate (0.0-32.5mm) residual 08-29mm, Chloroform control 0.0-15mm suggesting that cold ethanol and chloroform distillate was more effective than aqueous crude, and residual extracts. The ethanol residual CHC1₃ extracts of D. hamiltoni root extracts against various pathogens and microbial isolates of spoiled vegetables tried. The minimal inhibitory concentration for residual ethanol extracts ranged between 50-<62>800 mg/mL. The MIC for residual chloroform extracts ranged between 100-<62>800 mg/mL indicating that Salmonella typhi was more sensitive as it showed less MIC to ethanol extracts. Whereas chloroform extracts showed less MIC for isolate LF₂ isolate from Lime, Yersinia enterocolitica and Rhizopus species.

5 tables, 10 ref

001310   Vimala Y;Elizabeth K M;Srilakshmi Devi G (Microbiology Dep, College of Science, GITAM, Visakhapatnam-530 045) : Antimicrobial activity of Ipomea kentrochulos on pathogenic microorganisms and microbial isolates of spoiled vegetables. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2007, 9(1), 41-4.

Antimicrobial activity of Ipomea kentrochulos leaf extracts were tested on several pathogenic microorganisms and microbial isolates of spoiled vegetables by disc diffusion method. The crude, cold methanol, distillate and residual extracts of Ipomea kentrochulos were tried on various microorganisms. The crude extract showed zones of inhibition ranging from 0.0 to 21 mm, with maximum activity against, isolated Rhizopus species and least activity against Serratia, Yersinia, S. typhimurium. The zones of inhibition to cold methanol, residual extract and distillate ranged between 6-18 mm, 6-18 mm and 9-19 mm respectively suggesting that the distillate was more effective than the crude, cold and residual extracts of Ipomea kentrochulos leaf extracts against various pathogens and microbial isolates of spoiled vegetables tried. The minimal inhibitory concentration of Ipomea kentrochulos residual extract was determined by tube dilution technique against different microbes which ranged between 50 - <62>800 μg/mL indicating that Yersinia enterocolitica was more sensitive as it showed less MIC. There results indicate that Ipomea kentrochulos leaf extract possessed potent antimicrobial activity.

5 tables, 7 ref

001309   Verma N K;Dixit S P;Dinesh Kumar;Aggrawal R A K;Ahlawat S P S (NO, National bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal-132 001) : Physical characteristics, performance status and genetic variation in Jakhrana breed of goat in its antive tract. Indian J Anim Sci 2007, 77(5), 390-4.

The Jakhrana is an important dairy breed of goat found in a cluster of villages around village Jakhrana in Behror tehsil of Alwar district in Rajasthah state of India. Information on 7 body biometric characteristics, viz. body length, height at withers, chest girth, tail, face and horn lengths and qualitative confirmation attributes along with body weights of 153 animals were recorded. The informations on feed, management and breeding practices, flock size and its structure, reproductive performance and disease prevalence in the breeding tract were collected through formal interviews using a structured questionnaire put to individual goat owners chosen at random. Genetic diversity was also estimated using microsatellite molecular markers within breed. The animals were of fairly large size having uniformly black coat colour and white spots on ears, muzzle and lower jaw. The average body weight of 6 months and adult old male and female animals were 55.00 and 36.98 kg, and 26.33 and 21.83 kg respectively. The average test day milk yield of a random sample of 70 does under field conditions was 3.31±0.10 liters with a range of 2.0 and 5.0 liter/day. Jakhrana goat milk was rich in fat (5.1%), solids-not-fat (8.6%) and proteins (3.7%). The milk yield and its composition demonstrated that Jakhrana goat is a superior dairy breed of goat and has the genetic potential to compete with Indian cows. The inbreeding  has been identified as main factor leading to heterozygotic deficiency in Jakhrana goat population. Appropriate breeding strategies should, therefore, be designed under field conditions for its conservation and improvement of its unique attributes like milk yield and reproductive fitness.

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001308   Verma K S;Maini H;Shrivastava P;Chaturvedi A (Biological Science Dep, Aeroallergens and mmunology Laboratory, R. D. Univ, Jabalpur-482 001) : Evaluating dairy workers susceptibility against fungal aeroallergens using ELISA and SPT.. Mendel int J 2006, 23(3-4), 159-61.

Air sampling was conducted at two dairy farms (May to Aug. 2005) near Jabalpur using Rotorod volumetric sampler (Perkins, 1957 modified by Harrington in 1959) and Anderson two stage sampler (Anderson 1958, 1966). The dominant fungal types identified in Anderson sampler are Aspergillus niger(19.6%) and Penicillium sp. (12.1%). While Aspergilli group (13%) Spegazzinia sp. (12%), Alternaria sp. (11 %) and Memnoniella sp. (11 %) were observed dominant in Rotorod volumetric sampler.

3 illus, 20 ref

001307   Venkata Reddy M;Madhuri E;Bhaskar M (Zoology Dep, S.V. Univ, Tirupati-517 502) : Adrenalectomy induced changes in estrous cycle and tissue somatic index in rat. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2007, 9(1), 207-10.

Study was carried out to assess the impact of adrenal hormone in sufficiency on estrous cycle and tissue somatic index in female albino rats. The total time taken for all stages of estrous cycle was higher (93.70 hrs) in adrenalectomized rat when compared to sham operated leading to significant delay (23.72%)  in duration of estrous cycle. The whole animal weight of adrenalectamized rat was significantly lowered over sham operated. The tissue somatic index of both uterus and vagina showed no significant change over control however dry matter was reduced in both uterus and vagina leading to elevated water content was absorved on adrenalectomy. It is evidenced that the adrenal insufficiency has induced alterations in estrous cycle and tissue somatic index in female albino rat.

3 tables, 37 ref

001306   Vanita Das V (NO, Nizam Coll, Hyderabad-500 080) : Histochemical localization of proteins in singhiatrema longifurca (trematoda). Mendel int J 2006, 23(3-4), 119.

Distribution and localization of proteins were studied histochemically in the echinostome Singhiatrema longifurca parasitizing the fresh water snake Tropidonotus piscator. The study shows a high rate of protein synthesis.

1 table, 7 ref

001305   Vanita Das V (NO, Nizam College, Hyderabad-500 080) : Histoenzymological localization of the glycolytic enzymes in Kiricephalus pattoni juvenile.. Mendel int J 2006, 23(3-4), 119.

Intense hexokinase activity was observed in the tegument esophagus, pharynx, gut epithelium and cuticular glands, Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed similar results.

1 table, 4 ref

001304   Tumane P M;Wadher B J;Gomashe A V;Deshmukh S R (Microbiology P.G. Dep, Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur Univ, LIT Premises, Nagpur-440 033) : Antibacterial activity of citrus lemon fruit juice against clinical isolates of human pathogens. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2007, 9(1), 129-32.

Fruit juice of Citrus limon was subjected to antibacterial screening using clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebseilla aerogenes, Klebseilla pneumoniae. Standard control strains of Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC-3750), Escherichia coli (ATCC-1948), were used to compare the results. Clinical isolates were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. The Cup-plate diffusion (Well plate) assay was used to study antibacterial activity. All the bacteria tested were found to be inhibited by citrus limon fruit juice. The active compound identified was citric acid.

3 tables, 16 ref

001303   Tripathi S;Srivastava A (Biodiversity Climate Change (BCC) Div, Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, Dehra Dun) : Status of convention on biological diversity (CBD) leading to cop - 8. Indian For 2007, 133(5), 628-36.

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) provides a frame work for sustainable management and conservation of India's natural resources. Till now, 188 countries including India and the European Community have become Parties to the Convention. Since 1992, eight Conference of the Parties (COP) meetings have been organized under CBD. The legislation on bio-diversity in the country is on the anvil. The relevant provisions of Convention on Biological Diversity regarding conservation are therefore of utmost importance, and the proposed National Biodiversity Action Plan must be able to fulfill them. Despite several enactments, rules and regulations, India has decided to come forward with the Biological Diversity Bill, 2002 which shows its concern about bio-piracy; biodiversity and fair and equitable-benefit-sharing. The COP meetings discuss or share ideas on practices and policies for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Promotion of transboundary cooperation, and involvement of indigenous peoples and local communities in ecosystem management are the other issues that are discussed. The Conference of the Parties has launched a number of thematic programmes covering the biodiversity of inland waters, forests, marine and coastal areas, drylands and agricultural lands. Cross-cutting issues such as the control of alien invasive species, strengthening the capacity of member states are also deliberated upon to evolve the best practices towards sustainable use of biodiversity.

7 ref

001302   Suchit Swaroop;Tripathi G (Zoology P.G.Dep, B.S.N.V.P.G. College, Lucknow-226 001) : Identifying the underlying alteration in gene expression resulting in type-2 diabetes. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(1), 113-17.

Genomics is a particularly powerful approach to the problem of identifying genes involved in insulin signaling to glucose transport. As this insulin effect is restricted to muscle and fat, heterogeneous expression of insulin receptors and insulin regulated transporter in other cell types fails to restore insulin regulation of glucose transport to these cells, strongly indicating that additional fat and muscle specific gene products are involved.

18 ref

001301   Subhash S K;Lipton A P;Paul R R (NO, Vizhinjam Research Centre of Central Marone Fisheries Research Instit, Vizhinjam, Kerala-695 521) : Stocking density dependent bacterial load its influence on the production of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (Gould) seed. Indian J Anim Sci 2007, 77(5), 420-3.

A positive correlation between increased bacterial load and pearl oyster larval stocking density was recorded in hatchery conditions. Survival of only 0.82% with an average bacterial load of 1.3 x 10³ cfu/mL in 5000 larvae/L at 28.6 ±0.3 °C was observed. The bacterial load was low in 200 larvae/L with an average of 2.0 x 10² cfu/mL with a higher survival of 41.02%. Mortality and bacterial load were significantly higher in the high stocking density. Of the 6 isolates of bacteria from the culture tank water during high larval mortality 5 were Vibrio spp. Comparatively steady state of bacterial load in low stocking density reduced the water exchange requirements and stress to the larvae which resulted in higher survival as well as spat settlement.

3 tables 17 ref

001300   Sorojini Devi H;Singh S J (Anthropology P.G. Dep, D.M. College of Science, Imphal-795 001, Email: drjibonkumar@yahoo.com) : Somatotypes of Manipur and Punjab women football players in relation in their lines of play. South Asian Anthrop 2007, 7(1), 31-5.

Data for the study were collected from a sample of 36 women football players (18 Manipuris and 18 Punjabis) who represented Manipur and Punjab state respectively in the Inter-University Women Football Tournament 2005. The somatotype of each subject was calculated from ten anthropometric measurements following the Heath and Carter method ('67). Significant variations are observed in age and stature in between the two groups. The Manipur players are shorter and lighter in all lines of play except the body weight of gall keepers. On comparing the somatotype component rating of the players it is observed that excepting the goal keepers all other players show dominance of endomorphic component (being highest) over mesomorphic and ectomorphic rating (being the least). At the same time, Manipur players have higher endomorphic and mesomorphic rating than the Punjab players.

1 illus, 5 tables, 7 ref