026485   BHANDARI K, ACHARYA S, SRIVASTAVA A K (Anatomy Dep, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, Email: kishworbhandari111@hotmail.com) : Status of antioxidants molecules and lipid peroxidation in the diabetic testes. J Anat Science 2018, 26(1), 1-10.

According to the epidemiological studies, diabetes mellitus has become a potential cause of male infertility. Knowledge regarding how diabetes mellitus interferes with the process of spermatogenesis and results in infertility needs the molecular study in the testis in diabetic condition. Enhanced oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. So, this study was established to investigate the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and oxidative stress in the testis of diabetic model rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rat by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin. The rats were sacrificed and the dissection was done to take out the testis. The testes were processed for the activity of enzymatic antioxidants. It was found that oxidative stress was increased in the testes of diabetic rats. The sperms were also affected by the chronic hyperglycemia.

6 illus, 6 tables, 79 ref

026524   MOHAMMAD M T, MAHDI S K, ZAHRA T, AHMAD S, MOHAMMAD K A, AKRAM M, HAMID R J (Anatomy Dep, Rafsanjan Univ of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran) : The effect of alcoholic extract of ginger on apoptosis and inflammation of germ cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian J Biomed Pharm Sci 2018, 8(65), 14-20.

Herbal drugs have been used to treat several diseases from liver and neural disorders to diabetes. Our study was aimed to find out the effects of alcoholic ginger extract on testis/body weight and apoptosis of sperm germ cells of chronic diabetic rat. In this experimental study, sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: non treatment normal (group 1), non-treatment diabetic (group 2), ginger treatment diabetic (group 3), insulin treatment diabetic (group 4) and ginger plus insulin treatment diabetic (group 5). Ginger alcohol extract was injected intraperitoneally at the dose of 200 mg/kg for 6 weeks. TUNEL method was employed to evaluate the germ cells apoptosis. Expression of Bax, Bcl-2, CyclinD1, TRPV1, TLR2 and TLR4 was evaluated using Real-Time PCR technique. Results revealed a significant decrease in the apoptosis index in the group 5 with respect to the group 2 (P<0.05). The expression of BAX, BCL2, TRPV1, TLR2 and TLR4 significantly decreased, while CYC D1 was increased in the group 5 in comparison to group 2. These results suggest ginger has a potentially beneficial role in reducing apoptosis and inflammation in testicular germ cells in chronic diabetic adult rats.

8 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

026521   TULI H S, GUPTA V K, SHARMA J, GARG N (Microbiology Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra, Haryana, Email: nlmgarg@yahoo.com) : Isolation and characterization of microorganisms for insect biocontrol by chitin deacetylase. Asian J Adv Basic Sci 2018, 6(1), 1-6.

Extensive use of synthetic chemical insecticides has led to many environmental, agricultural and health hazards. To overcome these problems and also to protect the crops from insect pest which are responsible for huge loss of crop yield, enzymatic biocontrol may be opted. As Chitin is an important component of the insect cuticle it can be used as a target to control insect pests. So enzyme chitin deacytylase (CDA), which alters chitin, is used in the present study. Chitin deacetylase producing microorganisms were isolated and screened. Out of 142 microbial isolates, 91 were found to be CDA positive using PN strip and PN agar method. After enzyme assay only 2 isolates,one fungal and one bacterial, were selected. Their morphological and cultural characteristics were studied and identifiedas Aspergillus flavus and Bacillus thuringiensis. Cuticle of insect pupa has been tested for CDA action in its crude form. In conclusion, these two microbial isolates may be considered as potent CDA producing sources.

7 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

026519   BAKRY O A, SHOEIB M A E M, KADY N E, ATTALLA S (Dermatology Dep, Menoufiya Univ Hospital, 32817 Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt, Email: olabakry8@gmail.com) : Re-appraisal of keratinocytes' role in vitiligo pathogenesis. Indian J Dermatol 2018, 63(3), 231-40.

Vitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder. Studies on its pathogenesis extensively investigated melanocytes’ abnormalities and few studies searched for keratinocytes’ role in disease development. Liver X receptor-α (LXR-α) is a member of nuclear hormone receptors that acts as a transcription factor. Its target genes are the main regulators of melanocyte functions. The aim of this study is to investigate keratinocytes’ role in vitiligo pathogenesis through immunohistochemical expression of LXR-α in lesional, perilesional, and distant nonlesional vitiligo skin. This case–control study was carried out on 44 participants. These included 24 patients with vitiligo and 20 age- and sex-matched normal individuals as a control group. Biopsies, from cases, were taken from lesional, perilesional, and distant nonlesional areas. Evaluation was done using immunohistochemical technique. Keratinocyte LXR-α expression was upregulated in the lesional and perilesional skin (follicular and interfollicular epidermis) compared with control skin (P<0.001 for all). There was significant association between higher histoscore (H-score) in lesional epidermis (P<0.001) and in hair follicle (P=0.001) and the presence of angiogenesis. There was significant association between higher H-score in lesional epidermis and suprabasal vacuolization (P=0.02). No significant association was found between H-score or expression percentage and clinical data of selected cases. LXR-α upregulation is associated with keratinocyte damage in vitiligo lesional skin that leads to decreased keratinocyte-derived mediators and growth factors supporting the growth and/or melanization of surrounding melanocytes. Therefore, melanocyte function and survival are affected.

4 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref

026518   SHENOY N, NAIR N G (Pathology Dep, Government T. D. Medical Coll, Alappuzha - 688 011, Email: drnandinishenoy@gmail. com) : Study of S100 immunostaining in demonstrating neural granulomas in Paucibacillary leprosy. Indian J Dermatol 2018, 63(3), 215-9.

Neural granulomas are hallmark of leprosy. Challenges faced in diagnosing paucibacillary leprosy include: (i) Difficult visualization of nerve twigs on hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) sections due to their small size and (ii) Paucity of organisms on acid–fast bacilli stain. (1) This study aimed to test the role of S100 immunostain in demonstrating neural granulomas in skin biopsies of paucibacillary leprosy, (2) to compare morphology of S100 staining of nerves inside granulomas among clinicohistologically defined different types of leprosy, and (3) to test whether the pattern of S100 immunostaining can distinguish nerve fragmentation/destruction from a normal intact nerve in skin biopsy. Sixty four diagnosed cases of leprosy were included in this study. Five skin biopsies with no significant pathology (for studying intact nerve) and nine nonleprosy cutaneous granulomas were also studied. (i) In demonstrating neural granuloma, sensitivity of H and E was 48.27 % and that of S100 was 100 %, (ii) Morphology of nerve fragments on S100 stain for cases of leprosy was fragmented and infiltrated in 37, intact and infiltrated in 19, reduced, fragmented, and infiltrated in seven, and absent in one, (iii) There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) in the pattern of staining of S100 on intact nerve and nerves involved by granuloma in leprosy, and (iv) The probability to differentiate between leprosy and nonleprosy granuloma was statistically significant (P < 0.001). S100 immunostaining showed to be an effective adjuvant to histopathology in diagnosing paucibacillary leprosy and differentiating it from nonleprosy cutaneous granuloma.

4 illus, 5 tables, 13 ref

026517   YONG W C, UPALA S, SANGUANKEO A (Internal Medicine Dep, Baystate Franklin Medical Center, MA 01301, USA, Email: waichung.yong@outlook.com) : Association between psoriasis and Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta analysis. Indian J Dermatol 2018, 63(3), 193-200.

Helicobacter pylori infection has been suggested as a culprit of various extragastrointestinal (GI) disorders. It is debatable whether H. pylori infection exacerbates or triggers the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between psoriasis and H. pylori infection. A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed from inception through October 2017. The inclusion criterion was observational studies evaluating the association between psoriasis and H. pylori infection. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of H. pylori infection and their 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis to compare risk between psoriasis patients and controls. The between-study heterogeneity of effect-size was quantified using the Q statistic and I² . Data were extracted from nine observational studies involving 1546 individuals. Pooled result demonstrated an increased H. pylori infection in psoriasis compared with controls (OR=1.58; 95 % CI: 1.02–2.46, P=0.04, I² =64 %). Subgroup analysis showed an increased risk of H. pylori infection in psoriasis measured with H. pylori IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (OR=3.11; 95 % CI: 1.85–5.20, P < 0.01, I² =10 %) but not active infection measured with urea breath test (OR=0.88; 95 % CI: 0.61–1.27, P=0.49, I² =0 %). This meta-analysis has shown an increased H. pylori infection in patients with psoriasis. H. pylori infection in the past could play a role in the abnormal immunological cascade in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Further studies to elucidate the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of psoriasis are warranted.

3 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

026516   RANA C S, KIMOTHI G P, RAI R, NARAYAN S B, SASTRY J L N (Dabur Research and Development Centre (DRDC), Sahibabad-201 010, Email: drcsir@gmail.com) : Triphala churna, myth and microscopic characterization. Ann Phytomed 2018, 7(1), 158-64.

Anatomically/histologically, there are two types of sclerenchyma; elongated fibre and variously shaped sclereid. Collectively sclerenchyma cells make sclerenchyma tissue. These cells do not possess living proplasts at their maturity. Sclerenchyma is a supporting tissue, having thick wall lignified cells, whose main function is mechanical support. Fibres are elongate and sclereids are isodiametric. Fibres are often organised into bundles; there are some surface, xylary and extraxylary fibres. Sclereids are packed together very densely; they are recognized as stone cells. Astrosclereids,brachysclereids, macrosclereids, osteosclereids, trichosclereids and filiform sclereids are quite common. Interestingly, in triphala churna, most of the cells are recorded with sclerenchyma.Brachysclereid, osteosclereid and macrosclereid types stone cells are recorded in Amla (Emblica officinalis Garten), Harad (Terminalia chebula Retz.) and Baheda (Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb.) fruits, respectively. Thick walled lignified fibres and sclereids at micro level are most commonly same in all ingredients of the triphala churna. They are separately similar and dissimilar in their shape, size and texture. These fine particles can help to motion of the molecules as Quantum Physics (nature and behaviour of the matters) has suggested. Definitely, the prime formulators were aware of these things during composing this formulation. In the present study, this can validate the most ancient and traditional claims to wider acceptability and activity of triphala churna. Some interesting points are also evaluated at micro level.

4 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

026515   RAJAMOHAN S, SRIDHAR R, HEMALATHA S, SRIRAM P (Veterinary Pathology Dep, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Chennai-600 007, Tamil Nadu, Email: saahithya.r@gmail.com) : Effect of Momordica charantia L. on serum biochemical parameters in experimentally induced atypical acinar cell tumors in male wistar rats. Ann Phytomed 2018, 7(1), 152-7.

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of Momordica charantia L. (Bittergourd) on serum biochemical parameters in male wistar rats induced with pancreatic atypicalacinar cell tumor. Ninety six male wistar rats were randomized into four groups [control group, (i), azaserine group (ii) azaserine + paclitaxel (iii) and azaserine + Momordica charantia (MC) (iv) group] each comprising of 24 rats. Male wistar rats of group (ii, iii and iv) were administered with azaserine @ 30 mg per kg BW intraperitoneally (i.p.) on 21st day of age. Paclitaxel was administered to the azaserine + paclitaxel group (iii) @ 33 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally for 6 weeks after 8 weeks post initiation of tumor and aqueous extract of Momordica charantia @ 0.34 ml/rat was administered as oral gavage for 6 weeks after 8 weeks post initiation of tumor to azaserine + Momordica charantia group (iii). The blood was collected for estimation of serum biochemical parameters at the end of 24th week. Significant alterations in ALT, ALP, triglyceride, cholesterol, lipase and amylase levels were observed among the groups ii, iii and iv. The alterations were compared with the control and azaserine + paclitaxel group which revealed the high level of protective effect of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia, on the serum biochemical alterations.

4 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

026514   PARIJA S C, JANDHYAM H (Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, Orissa Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003, Odisha, Email: profscparijaouat4691@gmail.com) : Curcumin and nanocurcumin differentially activate TRPV1 channels in non-pregnant and pregnant middle uterine artery of Capra hircus. Ann Phytomed 2018, 7(1), 147-51.

The purpose of our study was to assess the differential activity of TRPV1 channels to curcuminand nanocurcumin in middle uterine artery (MUA) obtained from non-pregnant (NP) and pregnant(P) Capra hircus (Ch). MUA rings were mounted in an automatic organ bath containing 20 mlMKHS, maintained at pH 7.4. Vasorelaxation of curcumin (CUR) and nanocurcumin (NCUR) in presence and absence of TRPV1 antagonists in PE-precontracted MUA were elicited. The responses were recorded isometrically by highly sensitive isometric force transducer automatic organ bath connected to powerlab and analysed using Lab chart 7.1.3 software.The maximal vasorelaxationin PE-precontracted ED + MUA rings with curcumin and nanocurcumin (1pM-100 $\mathrm{\mu }$M) was NP42.58 %, 40.36 % and P Ch 55.49 %, 44.09 %, respectively. Capsazepine (CAPZ), and rutheniumred (RR) attenuated curcumin-induced vasorelaxation (CVR) to 27.81 ± 0.42 %, 13.77 ± 1.78 % inNP and to 24.17 ± 0.26 %, 29.24 ± 0.81 % in P Ch, respectively. Similarly, CAPZ and RR attenuated nanocurcumin-induced vasorelaxation (NCVR) to 24.54 ± 0.94 %, 25.61 ± 2.33 % in NP and to 23.95 ± 0.45 %, 34.05 ± 1.32 % in P Ch. (i) The vasorelaxation of MUA of Ch is mediated by curcumin and nanocurcumin via differential activation of TRPV1 channel, (ii) Sensitivity of TRPV1 to curcumin is significantly greater than nanocurcumin in MUA of both NP and P Ch,(iii) Curcumin and nanocurcumin could be useful to control hypertension during pregnancy.

2 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

026510   POORNIAMMAL R, BALACHANDAR D, GUNASEKARAN S (Horticulture Coll and Research Institute, Theni-625 604, Tamil Nadu, Email: r.poornii@gmial.com) : Evaluation of antioxidant property of some fungal pigments by DNA protection assay. Ann Phytomed 2018, 7(1), 106-11.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage DNA, RNA and proteins which subsequently contribute to the physiology of ageing. As compared to synthetic drugs, antioxidants from various biological sources have shown to protect the cell from these effects and are relatively safer. In the present study, the in vitro antioxidant potential of methanol-extracted pigments of six fungal isolates from forestry soil was evaluated. The pigments were assayed for their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazal radical (DPPH) reduction, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DNA protecting capability (supercoiled pUC18 plasmid DNA) against ROS inducing agents like ferrouschloride, stannous chloride, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and UV rays. The thermomyces pigments showed greater DPPH reduction (69 %) and FRAP (7.14 μM of Fe II) as compared to other pigments and, thus confirmed its ability to donate electrons. All the fungal pigments showed significant DNA protection against H₂O₂ and UV rays while ferrous chloride-induced DNA damage was protected only by the pigments of Thermomyces sp. and Aspergillus tamarii. This study opens the possibility of using the fungal pigments as natural antioxidants for food industry.

3 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

026509   JHA P, MOMIN A R, KUMAR D, ALI A (Life Sciences Dep, Mumbai Univ, Mumbai-400 098, Maharashtra, Email: ahmadali@mu.ac.in) : Reversal of glycoxidative damage of DNA and protein by antioxidants. Ann Phytomed 2018, 7(1), 101-5.

Diabetes is a metabolic and endocrinological disorder. It is a manifestation of hyperglycemia and glucotoxicity for a long period of time. The high glucose concentration leads to secondary complications of diabetes like cataract, cardiovascular and, neurological disorders. The reactive carbonyl group of glucose reacts with amino groups of biomolecules like DNA and proteins leading to their structural alterations. In the present study, effect of non-enzymatic glycation was checked on proteins and the structure of DNA. It was observed that there was an increase in the generation of early and advanced glycation products when BSA was incubated with methylglyoxal.There was a decrease in the amount of glycation products in the presence of most of the antioxidants except sodium acetate. The glycation system caused strand breakage and led to change in the conformation of pBR322 plasmid, from supercoiled to open circular. This structural damage of DNA increased in the presence of FeCl₃, indicating the role of metal ions in the generation of free radicals. Antioxidants like sodium azide, eugenol and melatonin significantly reversed the DNA damage, induced by glycation system, as shown by agarose gel electrophoresis.Eugenol and mannitol were able to show significantly high percentage of DPPH inhibition and ABTS, as compared to sodium acetate and sodium azide. The amount of eugenol and mannitol used were able to show similar antioxidant capacity, as compared to 50 μg of vitamin C, a standard and potent antioxidant. It can be concluded from this study that generation of free radicals is the major route for glycation-induced DNA damage as shown by the reversal of damage in the presence of antioxidants. The study indicates the significance of natural antioxidants in the prevention of glycation related diseases.

7 illus, 18 ref

026493   MEENAKSHI, RANA N, CHAUHAN A (Basic Sciences Dep, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Univ, Solan-173 230, Himachal Pradesh, Email: meenakshikama184@gmail.com) : Extraction and characterization of biocolors from bacterial isolates of Pseudomonas sp. M1 and MS2. Ann Phytomed 2018, 7(1), 63-8.

In the current study, two pigments, i.e., yellow (M1) and orange (MS2) were extracted from Pseudomonas sp, isolated from hot water spring of Himachal Pradesh. For the extraction, different solvents were used and maximum extraction was obtained in methanol followed by acetone. Extracted pigments showed max at 508 nm (M1) and 459 nm (MS2), indicating that both the pigments are carotenoid. Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) analysis showed Rf  values of 0.90 and 0.91 for M1 and 0.75 and 0.18 for MS2. Spectral data of TLC fractions revealed that there are three fractions present such as β-carotene, torulene and torularhodin, respectively. The M1 and MS2 yielded stable colors and showed 28.04 (M1) and 25 per cent (MS2) antioxidant activities confirmed by DPPH reduction method. Pigments were evaluated for their potential as dye by dyeing cotton fabric material. The findings revealed less color loss when dye was used with mordant thiourea to dye cotton material. Thus, potential of biocolor from bacteria inhabiting hot water springs of Himachal Pradesh can be exploited in dyeing industries.

7 illus, 11 tables, 24 ref

027977   ROY S, ROY S, VISHAL V, BANSAL S, GANGULI S, GHOSH P (AIIST, Palta-743 122, Email: raysusmita2006@yahoo.co.in, pratiti_ghosh@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative study of plant derived natural compounds and established inhibitors of P-glycoprotein of mouse and human using molecular docking. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2018, 8(3), 228-33.

One of the key physiological barriers which is involved in preventing the intrusion of toxins and xenobiotics out of the cells, is the ATP binding cassette transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). It is localised in the epithelial lining of the colon, small intestine, pancreatic ductules, bile ductules, kidney proximal tubules, and the adrenal gland. The endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier (BBB) also houses. The transporter has been reported to be overexpressed on the surface of many neoplastic cells leading to restrictions in cell entry. It functions to protect these susceptible organs from toxic compounds, preventing them to enter the cytosol and extrude them to the exterior. Thus, it also enhances the secretion of metabolites and xenobiotics into bile, urine, and the lumen of gastrointestinal tract. The dark side of this protein is its role in multidrug resistance in various diseases specially cancer. The resistance is generally conferred by mediating the ATP-dependent efflux of a large number of anticancer drugs. Direct inhibitors against P-gp has been the general strategy though competitive inhibitors which compete with general anticancer drugs have also been explored. Though considerable in vitro success has been achieved, very few compounds have actually been able to “block” P-gp–mediated resistance in the clinic. This work focusses on exploring the efficacy of interactions of a few natural compounds including curcumin against this important transporter.

2 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

028008   VASANTAKUMAR A, VIDYASAGAR G.M (Gulbarga Univ, Kalaburagi - 585 106, Karnataka, Email: gmvidyasagar@gmail.com/ambikavasantakumar@gmail.com) : Secondary metabolites from fungal endophytes of Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2018, 8(3), 206-12.

Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae) is a herb distributed throughout the world. The leaves showed antidiabetes, antimicrobial, anti hypercholesterolemic, hepatoprotective and diuretic properties. Several active compounds such as, triterpenoid gymnemagenin, Gymnemic acid, Betaine, Beta-Carotene, Choline, Gymnemic-Acid, Niacin, Ascorbic-Acid have been reported from the leaves and root. In India leaves are mainly used as hepatoprotective and immunostimulatory agent, skin cosmetics and in the treatment of asthma, eye complaints, inflammations, snake bite, diabetes and obesity. G. sylvestre is a rare plant overexploited by traditional healers across the world. Therefore, endophytes can serve as the best alternate source for the host plant. Therefore, the present work was carried out to study the endophytic fungi of G. sylvestre and their role in the production of therapeutic active compounds. Present study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical constituents in the fungal endophyte VAK-3. The presence of Phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins were detected in both plant and fungal extracts. The TLC profile of secondary metabolites of endophyte revealed similar bands as in host plant. Among the phytochemicals detected in VAK-3, flavonoids (4.8%) were found to be maximum followed by phenols (3.1 %), alkaloids (2.05 %), saponins (1.08 %), tannins (0.8 %), terpenoids (3.8 %). Similarly, the Plants reveals maximum of flavonoids (8.1 %) followed by phenols (4.32 %), alkaloids (3.75 %), saponins (2.22 %), tannins (1.2 %) and terpenoids (5.8 %). The fungal endophytes in isolation was found more efficient in producing secondary metabolites than its association with host plant.

4 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

028004   SWATHI B, MANICHANDRIKA, GRACE B D L, HARIKA A, SHIVAKUMARI E, HARIKA N, NIKHITHA K (Bojjam Narasimhulu Pharmacy Coll, Hyderabad- 500 059, Email: bagadiswathi56@gmail.com) : Formulation and evaluation of pulsatile drug delivery system of nisoldipine. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2018, 8(3), 213-9.

Pulsatile systems are gaining a lot of interest as they deliver the drug at the right site of action at the right time and in the right amount, thus providing spatial and temporal delivery and increasing patient compliance. These systems are designed according to the circadian rhythm of the body. Pulsatile drug delivery system for Nisoldipine was formulated initially as core tablets followed by formulation of pulsatile tablets using press-coated technology. Core tablets were formulated using various concentrations of superdisintegrant (Sodium starch glycolate) and diluents (MCC). The core tablets were then compressed into pulsatile tablets using combinations of HPMC K 100M and HPMC K15M, Sodium alginate and ethylcellulose in various concentrations. Core tablets were evaluated and based on the dissolution studies trial F2 was optimized as it shows lower disintegration time and faster drug release. Then the pulsatile tablets were evaluated for various tests and drug release studies were conducted for pH 6.8 buffer. Pulsatile tablets were formulated utilizing press coated technology and the HPMC K100M polymer provided required lag time with satisfactory dissolutionprofile.

2 illus, 8 tables, 18 ref

027904   DASAGRANDHI D, MUTHUSWAMY A, SWAMINATHAN J K (Bioinformatics Dep, Bharathidasan Univ, Tiruchirappalli- 620 024, Email: swaminathan.jayachandran@gmail.com) : Pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and the therapeutic function of natural medicines. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2018, 8(3), 105-11.

Heart is a dynamic electrical and mechanical machine in our body that starts working from fetus to till death. The disease to heart and/or blood vessels are known as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Aging gradually declines metabolic and physiological process that increases the risk factors of the disease. Pathological alterations in heart and blood vessels during aging increase the incidence of myocardial infarction. There are several risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and poor nutrition. These comorbidities and comedication during aging enhances the progression and severity of the disease. Complete understanding of pathophysiology of disease may help in increasing life expectancy and better treatment. The current review focuses on pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and the role of natural medicines.

2 illus, 39 ref

027884   BHAVANI V D, PRIYADARSHINI B, JYOTHI L B D, KUMAR M V V P, SUJATHA B (Botany Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam - 530 003, Email: sujathaau@yahoo.co.in) : Genotypic variation between different cultivars of Cajanus cajan (L.) on carbohydrate and nitrogen fractions. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2018, 8(3), 258-72.

Twelve genotypes of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh) which were divided into three groups based on the duration for flower initiation i.e. Short duration (ICPL151, ICPL87, ICPL1, ICPL6), Medium duration (T21, HY2 mutant, Pusa agheti, C11) and Long duration (ICPL270, ST1, PDM1, LRG30) were selected and was raised at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Botany, Andhra University, Waltair, Visakhapatnam, A.P., India for the present study on carbohydrate and nitrogen fractions. The decrease in sugar content accompanied by an increase in starch content in developing pigeonpea seeds from 10 to 30 days. The ICPL87 of short duration and the HY2 mutant of medium duration recorded the highest and lowest per cent values of reducing sugar content among the total genotypes studied. The soluble nitrogen content of the seeds increased up to 20 days after flowering, with a reduction at 30 days followed by a slight increase at the harvest period. However, among the genotypes the ICPL87 of short duration, the T21 of medium duration and the PDM1 of long duration genotypes recorded the greater values of total nitrogen content in their respective groups

6 illus, 2 tables, 43 ref

027893   CHAITANYA M, NISHATH, REDDY K, FATIMA H, CHOWDARY A, BEGUM A (Pharmaceutical Analysis Dep, Bojjam Narasimhulu Pharmacy Coll, Hyderabad- 500 059, Email: chaitanyamitta2001@gmail.com) : Method development and stability studies of Gabapentin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2018, 8(3), 132-5.

A Simple, new, accurate, precise, specific, robust and rapid RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of Gabapentin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation of the drug was achieved on Symmetry ODS RP C₁₈, 5 µm, 15 mm x 4.6 mm i.d. column with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of ACN: 1.0 % Orthophosphoric acid in the ratio of 75:25 v/v at a flow rate of 1ml/min, with detection at 218 nm by using UV detector. The developed method was validated for different parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of Quantization (LOQ), robustness and the results were found to be within the limits according to ICH guidelines. The retention time was found to be 3.742 min. Stability studies evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the quality of the drug product and they are developed to estimate the shelf life and the storage conditions. These studies should be designed following the guidelines issued by ICH. The results of the stability studies indicated the specificity of the method that has been developed. Gabapentin was stable in thermal and peroxide stress conditions.

1 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

027976   RAMESH B, SREENIVASULU P (Genetics & Genomics Dep, Yogi Vemana Univ, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, Email: adenoramesh@gmail.com) : Detection of cucumber mosaic virus in brinjal and chilli by RT-PCR. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2018, 8(3), 128-31.

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) are the economically important and highly consuming vegetable crops in India and China. These crops were severely affected by many viral diseases in terms of incidence and yield loss. In this study, disease symptoms like mosaic and leaf distortion on brinjal, and leaf puckering and malformation on chilli were observed during the field inspection at cherlopalli village, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh (AP). Based on the symptomatology, it was suspected that these plants were infected by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Leaf samples of symptomatic brinjal and chilli plants were collected and tested by RT-PCR with CMV coat protein (CP) gene specific primers and subsequently, the amplified products of ~590 bp in size were commercially sequenced. NCBI- BLAST search results of these sequences confirmed, CMV is the causal agent for the disease in brinjal and chilli plants. The sequence comparison results revealed that the present CMV isolates have 96-99 % sequence similarity at both nucleotide and amino acid levels with other isolates of the CMV viz., CMV-KP, CMV TN-Chilli, CMV-B2, CMV-Cucumis, CMV- CLW2, CMV-ZM5 and CMV-SB4 of Capsicum annuum, chilli, banana, Cucumis sativa, cucumber, Nicotiana Tabacum and hot hopper, respectively.

1 table, 23 ref

028011   VERMA R, KHAN A B (Ecology & Environmental Sciences Dep, Pondicherry Univ, Puducherry- 605 014, Email: anisabasheer@gmail.com) : Antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer potential of Tinospora cordifolia - A review. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2018, 8(3), 54-69.

Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) is commonly found in tropical countries of the world like India, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and is a glabrous, woody and a succulent climbing shrub. The plant is well described for its therapeutic property in all the traditional systems of treatment like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Folk etc. The extracts of the different parts of Tinospora cordifolia (bark, stem, and root) possess potential chemo-preventive, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effect against different cancerous cells. Phytochemical components involved are the alkaloids (Palmetin, berberine, derivatives of berberines like 9-o-alkyl- and 9-o-terphenyl berberine), phenolics, diterpenoids, lactones, glycosides (syringin, cordiol), steroids, sesquiterpenoids, aliphatic compounds and polysaccharides (α-D glucan), in which palmetin, berberine, G1-4A and α-D glucan are much effective as anti-inflammatory against cancerous cell lines. Antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer mechanism of T. cordifolia is due to activation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic molecules in the cells/tissue. Immunomodulation is by regulating the activity of cytokines (like IL-2, IFN-ϒ, TNF-α etc), cytotoxicity is by increasing apoptosis and inhibition of cell cycle growth. This review focuses on a systematic analysis of existing knowledge of T.cordifolia on its anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory properties and further studies on the plant's other unexplored medicinal properties.

3 illus, 1 table, 104 ref

028013   VIJAYABHASKAR K, BHASKAR J, ARUNADEVI M, RAJANIKANTH A (Pharmacognosy Dep, Sahasra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Telangana- 506 007, Email: bhaskar3743@yahoo.com) : Antidepressant activity of leaf methanolic extract of N-Butanol fraction Vitex negundo. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2018, 8(3), 38-42.

Depressive disorder is a prevalent psychiatric disorder, which affects 21 % of the world population. The presently using drugs can impose a variety of side-effects including cardiac toxicity, hypopiesia, sexual dysfunction, body weight gain, and sleep disorder. During the last decade, there is a growing interest in the therapeutic effects of natural products on mental disorders. Vitex negundo was investigation for antidepressant activity. Antidepressant activity of leaf methanolic extract of N-butanol fraction Vitex negundo (Bf-VN) was investigated by using Forced swimming test (FST) and Tail suspension test (TST) models. Escitalopram and Imipramine were used as reference standards. It has been observed from our study that both the BFVN at higher concentration showed significant (p<0.01) reduction in immobility in tail suspension and forced swim model of depression comparable to Escitalopram and Imipramine. However further study is needed to understand mechanism of action and to identify active component responsible for antidepressant like activity.

1 table, 31 ref`

027923   INGANAKAL T S, INGANAKAL S (Biochemistry Dep, Agricultural Science Univ, Raichur, Karnataka, Email: inganakaltriveni@gmail.com) : Preliminary pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of Madhuca longifolia L. leaves. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2018, 8(3), 220-2.

The whole plant material of Madhuca Longifolia L leaves was collected and powdered. The powdered material was subjected to successive soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether (40-60°), chloroform and methanol finally macerated with water so as to get respective extracts. A fluorescence character of powdered material was analysed under ultraviolet light and under ordinary light signifies the characteristics. Physiochemical parameters such as total ash value, acid insoluble ash value and water-soluble ash values were determined which were found to be 8.40, 6.88 and 1.27 % respectively. Moisture content, foreign organic matter, crude fibre content, alcohol soluble extractive and water-soluble extractive were also determined. The percentage yield of pet ether, chloroform, methanol and water were found to be 5.52, 2.82, 19.91 and 6.20 respectively. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of different extracts was carried out. The results were positive for flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenols and tannins. These studies provide referential information for correct identification and standardization of this plant material.

3 tables, 10 ref

027925   JADHAV R S, UBALE M B, BHARAD J V (Chemistry Dep, Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad- 431 003, Email: drjvbharad@gmail.com) : A simple, significant UV-spectroscopic analytical method development and validation for estimation of formulation drug product- cilnidipine tablet (oral dosage form). Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2018, 8(3), 187-94.

An easy, simple, specific, fast, precise and accurate UV Spectrophotometric method have been developed and validated for estimation of Cilnidipine. Drug Cilnidipine confirmed the absorption maxima in at 242 nm and found was linear for a range of 5 μg/ml –25 μg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The limit of detection (LOD) of Cilnidipine was found to be 2.3 μg/ml and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of Cilnidipine was found to be 7.6μg/ml. The analytical method validation of the above proposed method was performed by carrying out precision and accuracy studies. The Accuracy percentage recovery on three different levels i.e. 80 %, 100 % and 120 % was found to be 80.8 %, 101.9 % and 121.0 %, respectively. The projected analytical method established good Intra precision (Repeatability) with relative standard deviation 1.701 % and Inter precision with relative standard deviation is 1.016 % which is less than 2. The projected analytical method was validated for the test parameter Specificity, Precision, Linearity and range, Ruggedness, Accuracy and recovery. Hence anticipated analytical method for estimation of Cilnidipine formulation drug in tablet dosage forms by UV spectrophotometer in pharmaceutical found simple, easy, accurate, precise and reproducible, economical and can be applied for the everyday quality control analysis.

3 illus, 8 tables, 24 ref

027936   KISHORE V P, PATTARAJU H P (Biological Sciences Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore- 560 056, Email: vp_kishore@yahoo.com) : Analysis of effect of Wolbachia Surface Protein (WSP) on apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential in ethanol-induced toxicity of HepG2 cell line. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2018, 8(3), 167-80.

To study the effect of Wolbachia Surface Protein (WSP) on Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Ethanol-exposed HepG2 cells. Toxicity was induced in HepG2 cells by incubating HepG2 cells with Ethanol. Effect of Wolbachia Surface Protein (WSP) on Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential were determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC, PI and JC-1 stains respectively. Study of Annexin V-FITC and PI dual staining demonstrated that incubation of HepG2 cells with Ethanol induced apoptosis and the percentage of this Ethanol-induced apoptosis in the cells were decreased in the presence of Wolbachia Surface Protein (WSP). Study of JC-1 staining demonstrated that incubation of HepG2 cells with Ethanol induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane and the percentage of this Ethanol-induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane in the cells were decreased in the presence of Wolbachia Surface Protein (WSP). Thus, these findings indicate that the treatment with Wolbachia Surface Protein (WSP) inhibited Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Membrane depolarization in Ethanol-induced toxicity of HepG2 cells. Taken together, our results reveal that Wolbachia Surface Protein (WSP) shows antiapoptotic activity and inhibition of mitochondrial membrane damage.  We can conclude that Wolbachia Surface Protein (WSP) demonstrates cytoprotective effect against Ethanol-induced Apoptosis and Mitochondrial membrane depolarization in HepG2 cells by reducing the Apoptosis and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane. This will be of interest for the treatment of Ethanol-related liver diseases. Thus, Wolbachia Surface Protein (WSP) with potential protective activity might be used as therapeutic drug to treat Ethanol-related liver diseases.

10 illus, 22 ref

027984   SAMANT S A, SINGH N N (Microbiology Dep, MGM Medical Coll, Navi Mumbai - 410 209, Email: savysamant@gmail.com) : Prevalence of bacterial colonization at intensive care unit admissions with special reference to ESBL and MBL producing gram negative bacteria. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2018, 8(3), 181-6.

The incidence of infections in critically ill patients is much higher than general ward patients despite the immense advancement in therapeutic technologies. Gram Negative Bacteria (GNBs) can survive in a hospital environment because of its resistance to a variety of antimicrobials. Production of enzymes like Extended Spectrum β Lactamases (ESBLs) and Metallo β Lactamases (MBLs) could be the important factors responsible for this resistance. This study was thus undertaken to determine the spectrum of GNBs in patients admitted to an ICU and their antibiotic resistance pattern with reference to ESBL and MBL production. A total of 100 non-repetitive clinical isolates of Gram Negative Bacteria isolated over a period of one year were processed for their identification and antibiotic susceptibility. They were then screened for ESBLs and MBLs production. Acinetobacter spps (30.69 %) and Pseudomonas spps. (30.69 %) were the most predominant GNBs isolated in the ICU patients; followed by E.coli (19.80 %) and Citrobacter (10.89 %). Among the 100 isolates, 45 % E.coli, 50 % Klebsiella spps & 63.63 % Citrobacter spps were ESBL producers while 64.51 % Acinetobacter spps & 70.96 % Pseudomonas spps were MBL producers. The major ESBL producers were E.coli, Klebsiella spps & Citrobacter spps whereas Acinetobacter spps and Pseudomonas spps were the predominant MBL producers. The Multi Drug Resistant GNBs are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in ICUs. ESBLs and MBLs detection in these bacteria can help in selection of specific antibiotic and it can also help in strategies like antibiotic restriction, combination therapy etc.

1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

027887   BISHT D, ARYA R K K, JOSHI T, PAL G R, KUMAR R (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Kumaun Univ, Nainital - 263 136) : Review on indole derivatives used as antiulcer agents. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2018, 8(3), 394-404.

Ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disorder, which is widely occurring among the human beings. Ulceration generates when there is impairment of the normal equilibrium caused by either enhanced aggression or reduced mucosal resistance. Peptic ulcer is a broad term that imparts ulcer of digestive tract in the stomach or duodenum. Varieties of natural and synthetic drugs are available for the management and treatment of ulcer. At present scenario, Indole is found most multifaceted heterocyclic ring having as it has numerous therapeutic and medicinal properties. Indole and its several derivatives possess significant antiulcer activity, antimicrobial activity, antiviral activity, anticancer activity, analgesic activity. In this review article there have been emphasized on the treatment of ulcer with the help of indole and its various derivatives. Here we review the literature of indole and its derivatives, which contain fruitful and significant antiulcer activity.

11 illus, 1 table, 43 ref

027998   SINGH A G, JAI S J, GANPULE A P, VIJAYAKUMAR M, SABNIS R B, DESAI M R (Urology Dep, MPUH, Nadiad, Gujarat, Email: drabhisheksingh82@gmail.com) : Face, content, and construct validity of a novel chicken model for laparoscopic ureteric reimplantation. Indian J Urol 2018, 34(3), 189-95.

Simulation-based training in laparoscopic urology is essential, as these surgeries require a different skill set. We validated a chicken model for laparoscopic left modified Lich Gregoir type of ureteric reimplantation. Prospective observational study was conducted from August 2016 till February 2017. Thirty novice surgeons and 20 trained laparoscopic surgeons were included in the study. The relevant chicken anatomy and surgical steps were described to all the surgeons. The surgeons were asked to fill an eight‑point questionnaire after finishing the procedure and score it on a scale of 1–5. The trainee’s performance was also recorded by an investigator on a proforma. The investigator recorded dissection time, suturing time, quality of dissection, quality of suturing, and integrity of anastomosis on a scale of 1–5. All the participants in the study gave a mean score of 3 or more to all the questions asked, except for one question pertaining to tissue feel. Both the groups rated the usefulness of the model very highly with a mean score of 4.20 and 4.15, respectively. Difference in the time taken for dissection and suturing along with the quality of suturing was statistically significant in favor of the expert group. The chicken model for laparoscopic left modified Lich Gregoir type of ureteric reimplantation is a useful, effective, cognitive training tool. This model has a face, content, and construct validity to be used as a teaching and learning tool in laparoscopic urology.

6 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

027922   IDOH K I, DOSSEH K, KPATCHA T, AGBONON A, GBEASSOR M (Physiology/Pharmacology Dep, Lomé Univ, Lomé, Togo, Email: aamegnona3@gmail.com) : Protective effect of Combretum hypopilinum Diels: Root bark extract against CCl₄ -induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Pharmacogn Res 2018, 10(3), 325-31.

Combretum hypopilinum is used in Togolese traditional medicine to alleviate various ailments including hepatic disorders. This study evaluates the hepatoprotective activities of crude ethanolic extract of C. hypopilinum root bark (CECH) and its possible mechanism(s) of action in Wistar rats. In vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated using DPPH, Ferric-reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Hepatoprotective activity was assessed using CCl₄-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals were pretreated orally with different doses of CECH (200 and 400 mg/kg) once daily for 7 consecutive days and were subjected to intraperitoneal single injection of CCl₄ (1 mL/kg). Serum markers of hepatic damage, hepatic endogenous antioxidants, NO, TNF-α and lipid peroxidation contents were measured out. The pretreatment with CECH significantly decreased levels of hepatic enzymes (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) and MDA in pretreated rats (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). CECH restored the decreased levels of hepatic antioxidants including SOD (p < 0.01), CAT (p < 0.05 at 400 mg/kg) and GSH (p < 0.05 at 400 mg/kg) and significantly inhibited hepatic production of NO (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). as well as the level of TNF-α (p < 0.001) in pretreated rats. Protective effects of CECH were confirmed by histopathological examinations. CECH exhibited antioxidant in vitro and contains also total phenol and flavonoid. This study suggests that CECH protected the liver from CCl₄-induced hepatic damage possibly via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

4 illus, 3 tables, 47 ref

027916   GELEN V, CELEBI F (Physiology Dep, Kafkas Univ, Kars, Turkey, Email: gelen_volkan@hotmail.com) : In vitro investigation effects of 4-hydroxyacetophenone on rat thoracic aorta's vasomotor activity. Pharmacogn Res 2018, 10(3), 319-24.

Z. clinopodioides Lam. is also known as a ‘‘Field Mint’’ Seven compounds which have vasodilator activity have been isolated from Z. clinopodioides Lam. and two of them are phenolics compounds and these are acetovanillone, 4-HAP, four of them are flavonoids and these are acacetin, apigenin, chrysin, thymonin, one derivat of cinnamic acid and ethyl 4-coumarate. In this study, it was aimed that was defined vasodilator activiy mechanisms of fenolic compound 4-HAP on isolated rat thorasic aorta. In this study 40 male adult Sprague Dawley rats were used. Prepared rings were laid out into the 20 ml organ bath with Krebs solution. Rings were stretched by 1g and they were subjected to 1 hour incubation period. In the end of the incubation period, PE, KCI, nifedipine, L-NAME, 4-HAP, SQ22.536, ODQ, ACh, SKF96365, Propranolol, Atropin, TEA, Gibenclamide, 4-aminopyridine and U73122 were implemented to bath with a protocol. Mechanisms of relaxed effect the of 4-HAP were assigned by using antagonists. It was observed that vasorelaksan effect of 4-HAP on endothelilal aorta smooth muscle contractions which had been inductioned by PE under the existance of L-NAME was considerably inhibited. It was stated that 4-HAP relaxed PE and KCI contractions and owing to this activity endothel intact tissues on L-NAME existance notably decreased because of NO pathyway. It is firmly believed that as relaxed effect of 4-HAP declines remarkably under the existance of 4-aminopyridine and nifedipine on endothel denuded aorta rings, activity could be on K⁺ channel and L-type Ca⁺² channel.

4 illus, 21 ref

027989   SHABANIAN S, EBRAHIMBABAEI M, SAFAVI P, LOTFIZADEH M (Sahrekord Univ of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Email: safavi_p@yahoo.com) : Comparing the effect of rose drop, ginger, and cinnamon on sexual function in depressed women with sexual dysfunction. Pharmacogn Res 2018, 10(3), 314-8.

Sexual dysfunction is caused by multiple anatomical, physiological, medical, and psychological factors. Many studies have shown the efficacy of herbal remedies on increasing libido and sexual function. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of three herbs of ginger, cinnamon, and rose on sexual function of depressed women with low sex drive. This randomized double‑blinded clinical trial was conducted on 140 depressed women with sexual dysfunction who were divided into four groups receiving oral drops of rose, ginger, cinnamon, or placebo. The information about the two variables of sexual function and depression were collected by Female Sexual Function inventory  questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Data were analyzed using Chi‑square, Wilcoxon signed‑rank test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The mean scores of sexual dysfunction and depression were significantly improved in the three groups after treatment (P < 0.05) so that sexual dysfunction score in placebo group had the lowest rate of improvement with the mean of 1.55 ± 0.44 and in ginger group had the highest improvement rate with the mean of 4.04  ±  1.07. Depression in placebo group had the lowest improvement rate with the mean of 3.71 ± 1.94 and in cinnamon group had the highest rate of improvement with the mean of 6.29 ± 1.57, but there was no significant difference between the four groups (P > 0.05). The factors such as received treatments with impact factor of 0.723 and age with impact factor of 0.170 had direct relation and depression with impact factor of −0.078 had reverse relation to sexual performance improvement (P < 0.05). Herbal medicines, except for their positive impacts on sexual function, may have positive but minor effects on depression.

1 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

027885   BHUKYA B R, YELLU N R (Pharmacology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal - 506 009, Email: ynrkuc@gmail.com) : Evaluation of anticancer activity of methanolic extract of hiptage benghalensis (l.) kurz on cancer cell lines. Pharmacogn Res 2018, 10(3), 309-13.

This study aimed to study the anticancer effects of Hiptage benghalensis (L.) kurz using various human cancer cell cultures, in vitro using 3‑(4,5‑Dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT assay. Human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells, human breast cancer (MCF‑7) cells, and human neuroblastoma (IMR‑32) cells were maintained in a 5 % CO₂ incubator at 37 °C. Different concentrations of an extract of H. benghalensis in serum‑free culture medium were freshly prepared and used for cytotoxic activity using MTT assay activity. Among the plant extract had revealed that, the greater percentage inhibition in all types of cancer cells in a dose‑dependent manner using MTT assay. The concentration of the extract causing 50 % cell death values of methanolic extract of H. benghalensis were found to be 50.73, 47.90, and 53.76 μg/mL against HeLa, MCF‑7, and IMR‑32, respectively. H. benghalensis methanolic extract were showed increased percentage inhibition of MCF 7, HeLa, and IMR 32 cells using MTT assay.

3 illus, 1 table, 37 ref

027891   BUKHARI S I, DIN I, GREWAL S, DHAR M K (Biotechnology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu - 180 006, Email: syedconscious@gmail.com) : Antiproliferative effect of saffron and its constituents on different cancerous cell lines. Pharmacogn Res 2018, 10(3), 291-5.

Use of herbs as medicinal plants to treat various clinical ailments has grown for the last two decades. Cancer is one of the most dreadful disease and extracts of various medicinal herbs have been subjected for the analysis to elucidate their possible role in the prevention of proliferation of cancer cells. Crocus sativus is an autumnally flowering plant rich in active ingredients apocarotenoids such as crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal which have been reported to have antiproliferative potential due to their strong antioxidant potential. To elucidate the antiproliferative potential of C. sativus extract (CSE) and its major constituents crocin and safranal on four different malignant cell lines (Alveolar lung epithelial cancerous cell line [A549], breast epithelial cancerous cell line [T47D], colon colorectal cell line [HCT-116], and prostrate cancerous cell line [PC3]) and nonmalignant cell line (L929). High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the content of crocin and safranal in saffron extract and antiproliferative effects of CSE, crocin, and safranal were evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. All cells were incubated with different concentrations of CSE, crocin, and safranal for 48 h. In a concentration-dependent manner, both safranal and crocin reduced cell proliferation in all malignant cell lines. The IC50 values ranged between 0.32 and 0.42 mM for safranal, 0.31 and 0.92 mM for crocin, and 0.58 and 0.98 mg/ ml for saffron extract. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that saffron and its components can inhibit cell proliferation in cancerous cells. Consequently, these agents could potentially be used as a chemopreventive agent for cancer management in the near future.

5 illus, 1 table, 38 ref

027964   PARJAPATH R, SALI V K, KANNAN S M, KURAPATI A, VASANTHI H R (Biotechnology Dep, Pondicherry Univ, Puducherry - 605 014, Email: hrvasanthi@gmail.com) : Hydroxycitric acid-induced activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Pharmacogn Res 2018, 10(3), 275-81.

Increase in obesity incidence has become serious threat to civilized human population. Traditional Indian System of Medicines may have many potential leads in managing obesity. (‑)‑Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), a unique compound which is present in Garcinia species, has been safely used for centuries in Southeastern Asia for various purposes. To determine the effect of HCA treatment on peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptors (PPARs) and their target genes. Effect of the calcium salt of HCA on adipogenic transcription factors PPARs and their target genes (lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid binding protein, glucose transporter 4, and adiponectin) during adipogenesis in 3T3‑L1 was investigated. The extent of adipogenesis was checked by measuring the lipid accumulation and glucose uptake in the presence and absence of HCA. HCA treatment modulated the differentiation of adipocytes in a dose‑dependent manner, wherein lower concentrations showed increased accumulation of lipid depots. HCA treatment increased PPARγ and its target genes during adipocyte differentiation, which emphasize the role of HCA in adipocity and obesity.  Moreover, the binding conformations of HCA and PPARα and PPARγ were predicted using flexible docking and confirmed with known agonists, which also confirms the bioactivity. HCA decreases circulating lipids through raised levels of adipogenic‑specific genes activated by the PPARs, thereby augmenting adiposity and related complications.

6 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

027937   KOLA V, MONDAL P, THIMMARAJU M K, MONDAL S, RAO N V (Pharmacy Dep, Vaageswari Coll of Pharmacy, Karimnagar - 505 481, Email: venupharmacology@gmail.com) : Antiarthritic potential of aqueous and ethanolic fruit extracts of 'Momordica charantia' using different screening models. Pharmacogn Res 2018, 10(3), 258-64.

Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) is a plant, reported for its variety of ethnic medicinal uses and widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit. The present work has been planned to screen antiarthritic activity of fruit of the plant with the ethanolic and aqueous extracts. Fruit powder was successively extracted with ethanol  (95 %) and water using soxhlet extraction and subjected to phytochemical screening to identify different phytoconstituents. Ld₅₀ studies for both (ethanolic and aqueous) extracts were conducted up to the dose level of 2  g/kg by following OECD up and down method of guidelines No. 425. Antiarthritic activity was performed using formaldehyde, Freund’s adjuvant‑induced arthritis in rats, and Collagen‑induced arthritis model in mice. Statistical analysis was performed using one‑way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s t‑test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Preliminary phytochemical studies revealed the presence of saponins, sterols, mucilage, glycosides, alkaloids, steroidal saponins in both the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of M. charantia. No mortality was observed with aqueous and ethanolic extracts up to the maximum dose level of 2 g/kg. In Formaldehyde induced arthritis model the percentage reduction in paw volume was 30.69 % and 42.81 % for aqueous extract whereas for ethanolic extract it was 25.23 % and 39.5 %. In Freund’s adjuvant model, the percentage of reduction in paw volume was 56.1 % and 66.51 % for ethanolic extract and 52.6% and 63.83% for aqueous extract, respectively. In collagen‑induced arthritis models, the arthritis index was found 6.02 and 3.68 for ethanolic extract at medium and high dosage. The arthritis index of aqueous extract was found 5.66 and 4.03 at medium and high dosage. From the present experimental findings of both pharmacological and biochemical parameters observed from the current investigation, it is concluded that at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg aqueous extract of M. charantia possesses potentially useful anti‑arthritic activity since it gives a positive result in controlling inflammation in adjuvant‑induced arthritic and collagen‑induced arthritis model in rats and mice.

2 illus, 7 tables, 25 ref

027947   MAULIDA N F, YANUARITAMALA B, YANUAR A, SAPUTRI F C, MUN’IM A (Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry Dep, Indonesia Univ, West Java, Indonesia, Email: abdul.munim61@ui.ac.id) : Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction to obtain optimum antioxidant activity and anthocyanin concentration from Myrmecodia pendens tubers using response surface methodology. Pharmacogn Res 2018, 10(3), 253-7.

One of the major antioxidants in Myrmecodia pendens (sarang semut) tubers is anthocyanin. To obtain antioxidant activity and anthocyanin concentration from sarang semut optimally through an appropriate method. Microwave‑assisted extraction  (MAE) was chosen because of its brief extraction time  (ET), saving solvents, and being inexpensive compared to conventional extraction methods. Experiment design was prepared using response surface methodology. 1,1‑diphenyl‑1‑2‑picrylhydrazyl and reducing power method were used for the determination of the antioxidant activity, while the Association of Analytical Communities official method 2005.02 was used for the anthocyanin concentration calculation. It was found that the optimum antioxidant activity was obtained at 80 % ethanol, sample‑to‑solvent ratio (S/S ratio) 1:12, ET 10 min, and MAE power 50 %. Meanwhile, the optimum anthocyanin extraction was obtained at 80 % ethanol, S/S ratio 1:8, ET 3 min, and MAE 10 %. The optimum condition of antioxidant activity and anthocyanin concentration was the same at the solvent used, yet different at the S/S ratio, ET, and power level which open further research to support this study.

3 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

027973   RAJ J P, D’CRUZ J M, TOMS T, MURALIDHARAN P, RAO M (Pharmacology Dep, St. Johns Medical Coll, Bengaluru - 560 034, Email: mangalarao75@hotmail.com) : Physical endurance enhancing capacity of Withania somnifera root powder post-water extraction in mice. Pharmacogn Res 2018, 10(3), 250-2.

Withania somnifera (WS), Indian ginseng/ashwagandha, is a common household plant. Its commercially available aqueous or ethanolic root powder extract containing the active substance withanolides is known to enhance physical endurance  (stamina). The potency of crude root powders, especially post-extraction, is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of crude root powder of WS post-extraction with commercial root preparation in enhancing the physical endurance of mice using forced swim endurance model. Male Swiss albino mice, 6–8  weeks old with mean (standard deviation) weight of 35.17 (3.36) g, were randomized into three groups of six animals each: control – carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5 %, standard – commercial root preparation of WS (100 mg/kg), and test – crude root powder post-extraction  (100  mg/kg). Drugs were administered per oral, once daily, for 7 days. On the 8^th day, animals were allowed to swim till exhaustion in a propylene tub of dimension 25 cm radius and 30 cm height, with water level at 15 cm. The end point of swim endurance was when the mice near drowned. There was no significant difference in body weight of mice between groups. One‑way ANOVA between groups for drowning time was significant (F[2,15] = 12.771, P = 0.001). Tukey’s post hoc test was significant for test versus control (P < 0.001) and standard versus control (P = 0.047). However, test versus standard was not statistically significant (P = 0.069). Hence, we conclude that crude root powder of WS after extraction also possesses physical endurance enhancing property and may be used to enhance the stamina.

2 illus, 14 ref

027895   CHAUDHARY M, SHARMA P, MITTAL M, KAUR R, DHARWAL V, KUMAR A, NAURA A S (Biochemistry Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh - 160 014, Email: anaura@pu.ac.in) : Beneficial effects of Caesalpinia digyna extract against acid aspiration-induced acute lung injury in mice. Pharmacogn Res 2018, 10(3), 243-9.

Caesalpinia digyna belongs to the genus Caesalpinia, which is known since ancient times for its medicinal properties. The present work was designed to evaluate the beneficial potential of hydroalcoholic extract of the roots of C. dignea against hydrochloric acid  (HCl)‑induced acute lung injury in mice. Ethanolic extract of C. dignea roots at a dose of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg boy weight was given once orally 90  min before HCl administration. Mice were then analyzed for infiltration of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and oxidative stress markers in the lung tissue. Further, the effects of the extract were compared with bergenin isolated from the extract. Our results showed that an oral administration of the extract 90  min before HCl instillation reduced the infiltration of neutrophils in the lungs in a dose‑dependent manner. Reduction in lung inflammation was associated with decline in pulmonary edema as the total protein content in the BALF was found to be decreased substantially. The drug also restored the redox balance in the lungs toward normal on HCl treatment as assessed by measuring the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and catalase activity. Bergenin, isolated from the plant, was able to suppress the neutrophils but increased the macrophage number in BALF when administered before HCl instillation, suggesting immunoregulatory properties of the key constituent of the extract. Our data suggest that hydroalcoholic extract of Caesalpinia digyna roots constitute the phytochemicals that can protect against HCl‑induced acute lung injury in mice.

4 illus, 52 ref

027999   SINGH J, PARASURAMAN S, KATHIRESAN S (Biotechnology Dep, AIMST Univ, Kedah, Malaysia, Email: parasuraman@aimst.edu.my) : Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of methanolic extract of Cinnamomum cassia. Pharmacogn Res 2018, 10(3), 237-42.

Cinnamomum cassia or Chinese cinnamon is one of the fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. C. cassia is used as astringent, antiseptic, and used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of its extracts are unclear. Hence, the present study is planned to investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of methanolic extracts barks of C. cassia. Bark of C. cassia was extracted with methanol, ethanol, and acetone and its antioxidant activity was studied using 2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2‑azino‑bis‑3‑ethylbenzothiazoline‑6‑sulfonic acid  (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Acute toxic effect of methanolic extract of C. cassia  (MECC) carried out as Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development guidelines. MECC was studied for its antidiabetic effect using streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced diabetic rats. In both DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assay, methanolic and ethanolic extracts exhibited free radical scavenging activity. In acute toxicity testing, MECC did not show any significant toxic signs up to 2000 mg/kg, hence the antidiabetic activity of MECC was carried out at the dose levels of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg. MECC showed antidiabetic activity from 2^nd week of the experiment onward. At the end of the study, diabetic animals showed significant increases in the levels of total cholesterol (TC), very‑low‑density lipoprotein, and TC/high‑density lipoprotein radio compare with that of normal control and MECC prevented the STZ‑induced hyperlipidemia. In the histopathological analysis, sections from the liver, pancreas, and kidney of the diabetic animals and the animals treated with MECC 500 mg/kg showed mid‑to‑moderate toxic effects. The MECC exhibited significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.

2 illus, 4 tables, 40 ref

028012   VERMA V, AGRAWAL O P, VELAMURI P S, RAGHAVENDRA K (ICMR–National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi–110 077, Email: kamarajur2000@yahoo.com) : A laboratory simulation study on suppression of resistance genes by differential exposures to an insecticide in Anopheles stephensi Liston population. J Vector Borne Dis 2018, 55(3), 184–8.

Insecticide applied at optimum dosage and coverage delays the development of resistance in disease vectors. The study was aimed to test the hypothesis whether decrease in exposure to insecticide leads to decrease in selection of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. The mosquitoes were variably exposed to insecticide in the laboratory by simulating the variations in insecticide sprays applied in the field. The study was carried out on DDT resistant adults of Anopheles stephensi. Mosquitoes were differentially exposed to impregnated papers of DDT (4 %), that were differentially masked to 25, 50, and 75 % area with an unimpregnated Whatman No.1 filter paper, and to a positive control without any masking, i.e. 100 % exposure area. The study was conducted for five generations and at each generation mosquitoes were exposed to differentially masked impregnated papers, and percent mortality was calculated. The observed survival rate in differential exposures was more with the increase in heterozygous genotype resistance-susuceptible (RS) frequency. Resistant gene frequency with differential exposures (25 to 75 %) was in the range of 0.38–0.54 for the F₀ generation, which increased to 0.84–0.93 for the F₄ generation. In 100% exposure it was 0.18 in F₀ generation, which increased to 0.58 in the F₄ generation. The resistant gene frequencies in the population showed increasing trend with decrease in exposure in contrast to complete exposure. Variable simulated exposures resulted in precipitation of increased resistance while complete exposure resulted in lower levels of resistance, signifying the importance of optimum dosage and coverage in the indoor residual spray in delaying/avoiding the development of insecticide resistance in the disease vectors.

2 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

027905   DAVID-OKU E, EDIDE R O, OBIAJUNWA-OTTEH J I, NTAJI O E, AKUODOR G C, ENE-OBONG H N (Biochemistry Dep, Calabar Univ, Calabar, Nigeria) : Effects of oven drying, boiling and fermentation on vitamins, amino acids and mineral nutrient profile of tuber flours of Icacina senegalensis A. Juss (Icacinaceae). J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(4), 162-5.

The effects of oven drying, boiling and fermentation on vitamins, selected amino acids and mineral nutrient profile of tuber flours of Icacina senegalensis A. Juss (Icacinaceae) were investigated The tubers were processed by four different methods: a) oven drying; b) boiling; c) fermenting; and d) fermenting plus boiling. Samples b-d were further oven-dried and all samples pulverized into respective flours RD, BD, FD, and FBD (from treatment methods a, b, c, and d). Vitamins, amino acids and mineral nutrient profiles of tuber flours were determined using standard methods. The B group of vitamins and Vitamin C suffered drastic losses through boiling and fermentation. There was a significant improvement in Folate in FD over RD, BD and FBD. Boiling stabilized Beta carotene in BD and FBD compared to RD, while fermentation caused a significant reduction in FD. Vitamin A was significantly improved in FB over RD while the boiled samples (BD and FBD) suffered 11 and 24% losses, respectively. Vitamins E and K were similarly improved by fermentation but reduced though boiling. Boiling caused significant improvement in all 8 selected amino acids evaluated. Fermented samples FD and BD had higher contents of Calcium, Potassium and Copper while boiling and fermentation improved Magnesium. Processing Icacina senegalensis tuber by boiling preserved Beta carotene and improved amino acids while fermentation improved fat soluble vitamins (Vitamins A, E and K) and mineral nutrients. Processed flours must be enriched with water soluble vitamins and other essential nutrients for nutritional balance.

3 tables, 18 ref

027920   HAILE F, DAGNAW M, BERHANE N (Gondar Univ, Gondar, Ethiopia) : A review on regulatory roles of micro RNA and micro RNA based therapeutics for diabetics mellitus. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(4), 34-8.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis that results in hyperglycemia due to increased insulin resistance in insulin sensitive tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, etc.) and/or disturbance in insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. The causes of diabetes mellitus are various, including both genetic and environmental factors and it is a major cause of complication such as renal failure and stroke. About 50 % of diabetic patients have endstage renal disease (ESRD), requiring painful and costly dialysis. Current treatments for diabetes cannot efficiently control glycaemic levels, resulting in episodes of hyper- and hypoglycaemia, which increase the possibility of developing secondary complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. In the search for more-targeted molecular therapies, microRNAs implicated in insulin secretion and diabetic complications have recently attracted attention. MiRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules which are about 22 nucleotides in size inhibit the expression of a target messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by binding to its 3'-UTR through complimentary base pairing. The process of miRNA biogenesis occurs in both nucleus and cytoplasm. There is heightened interest in evaluating miRNAs as a potential biomarker for various diseases especially because of improvement in the technologies for miRNA detection in vitro and in vivo. These include quantitative PCR, microarrays, and high throughput deep sequencing. MiRNAs are readily detectable in plasma and urine and their stability in these biofluids make them ideal candidate biomarker for noninvasive much needed early detection of diabetic complication. Because of the role of miRNAs in regulating several path ways, miRNA should the promise of being able to yield a new class of therapeutics.

1 illus, 27 ref

027919   GUPTA S, SINGH D C P, CHISTI S, SAHAI D, KHAN M A (Bareilly International Univ, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: asifkhanpcol@gmail.com) : Synthesis and anti-microbial potential of novel imidazolinone derivatives of benzothiazole. Int J Drug Dev Res 2018, 10(3), 35-46.

Human kind has been subject to infection by microorganism since before the dawn of recorded history. Survey of Literature reveals that no sufficient work regarding synthesis of imidazolinone derivatives of 2-aminobenzothiazole has been reported. They have been found effective in the treatment of cancer, tuberculosis etc. Therefore the present research was designed to synthesize the new imidazolinone derivatives of benzothiazole and to evaluate its antimicrobial effect. The benzothiazole derivative was synthesized and its pharmacological potential was evaluated by disc diffusion method against Gram positive and Gram bacteria. Two strains were used in test including Gram +ve- Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Gram -ve E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In result, they significantly exhibited antimicrobial and anti-fungal potential when tested against all species. The effect was found in the dose dependent manner. In conclusion, it suggests evaluating its effect on some other types of bacteria and spores for better prevention of bacterial and fungal infections. It might be used in the treatment of microbial infections.

9 illus, 8 tables, 12 ref

027974   RAJU D B, RAO A V, PRASAD Y R (Andhra Univ Coll of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Visakhapatnam- 530 003, Email: bhagyaraj_au@rediffmail.com) : Hybrid sulfonylurea-linked chalconoids as antidiabetic agents: evaluation of antihyperglycemic effects in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Rasayan J Chem 2018, 11(3), 1334-8.

The proposed investigation was carried out to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential and to explore the structureactivity relationship (SAR) of a series of 28 hybrid sulfonylurea-linked chalconoids using streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Among all the compounds tested, compound SC 21 exhibited remarkable antidiabetic activity.

2 illus, 49 ref

027875   AL-WAILI N (Basic Science Research, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: noori786@yahoo.com) : Mixing two different propolis samples potentiates their antimicrobial activity and wound healing property: A novel approach in wound healing and infection. Vet World 2018, 11(8), 1188-95.

The study aimed to investigate whether mixing two different propolis samples can potentiate their biological activity. This hypothesis was tested by studying the effect of mixed propolis on microbial growth and wound healing and compared with the effect of each propolis individually. The effect of mixing two different propolis extracts (A and B) collected from different locations in Iraq on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans was studied by minimum inhibitory concentration assessment and compared with the effect of each propolis. Wound healing effect of the mixed propolis was studied. Twentyfour rabbits were used for the experiment, and they were assigned to four groups. Wounds were created on the dorsum of each rabbit and treated by topical application of 1 mL of either mixed propolis, propolis A, or propolis B extracts or were kept without treatment as a control. Macroscopic wound evaluation was performed with an assessment of wound size, wound recovery, redness, edema, discharge, granulation tissue, and epithelialization. Propolis A was more potent than propolis B extracts to inhibit the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans (p<0.05). However, mixed propolis showed a higher antimicrobial activity toward all the pathogens than propolis A or propolis B extract individually (p<0.05). Furthermore, propolis A and propolis B extracts showed favorable effects on wound healing which was more pronounced with propolis A extract. Interestingly, mixed propolis accelerated wound healing faster than propolis A or propolis B extracts, and it shortened the time of reepithelialization (p<0.05).  This study demonstrates for the first time that mixing different propolis samples possesses a higher antimicrobial activity and higher wound healing property than individual propolis. This approach could pave the way for the development of more effective antimicrobials and wound healing agents.

1 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref

027930   KAFY EL, AHMED S, KEREDY A, ALI N, RAMADAN S, FARID A (Cell Biology Dep, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt, Email: selnahta@yahoo.com) : Genetic and phenotypic characterization of the native rabbits in Middle Egypt. Vet World 2018, 11(8), 1120-6.

Native rabbits in smallholder system are considered as important genetic resources, and the present study was aimed to study the genetic and phenotypic characterization and detection of the maternal origin of the native rabbit populations located at the Middle of Egypt. A survey of native rabbit populations was conducted in three governorates (Fayum [FY], Beni Suef [BN], and El Menia [MN]). The phenotypic characterization of rabbits included the profile body of the head, ears, eyes, neck, and legs and the coat colors. The blood samples were collected for genetic characterization based on mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and the microsatellite markers. The phenotypic characterization of the body parts in the three populations was almost similar. The body weight of the mature rabbits in MN government was significantly heaviest, and the measurements for the main body parts (body length, chest circumference, and abdominal girth) were the highest compared to the two populations. The results of mitochondrial (cytochrome b) analysis revealed that the rabbits from the three governments belonged to lineage A except one animal was recorded as lineage G from MN’s rabbit population. The results of the microsatellite markers revealed that the genetic diversity between the three populations showed genetic interferences; however, a closer genetic relationship was observed between BN and MN than FY. The majority of the genetic diversity was the individual variability.

5 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

027889   BOZUKLUHAN K, MERHAN O, OGUN M, KURT B, CIHAN M, ERKILIC E E, GOKCE G, AYDIN U, OZCAN A (Kafkas Univ, Turkey, Email: kbozukluhan@hotmail.com) : Investigation of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and some biochemical parameters in calves with omphalitis. Vet World 2018, 11(8), 1055-8.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the concentration of some important acute phase proteins (APPs) and some biochemical parameters pre-operative and post-operative in calves with omphalitis. A total of 20 calves were used in the study and they consist of 10 clinically healthy calves that were used as a control and 10 calves with omphalitis were used as the treatment group. Blood samples were collected from Vena jugularis of animals to tubes with anticoagulant (sodium citrate) and without anticoagulants, pre-operative (day 0), and post-operative (day 7). Samples were used to determine the concentration of haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin (Cp), fibrinogen, glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, total bilirubin, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations. While the Hp, SAA, Cp, fibrinogen, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, ALP, and GGT concentrations were statistically and significantly increasing rather than the control group during the pre-operative period for calves with omphalitis, they decreased to the post-operative period. Moreover, an insignificant increase in the glucose, total protein, and AST concentrations and an insignificant decrease in the albumin, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations were statistically determined. We have the opinion that the assessment of biochemical parameters and especially APP levels in calves with the omphalitis together with the clinical findings may be important in terms of the treatment and prognosis.

1 table, 29 ref

027988   SETIAWAN H, JINGGA M E, SARAGIH H T (Ahmad Dahlan Univ, Indonesia, Email: saragihendry@ugm.ac.id) : The effect of cashew leaf extract on small intestine morphology and growth performance of Jawa Super chicken. Vet World 2018, 11(8), 1047-54.

This research aimed to study the effect of leaf extract of cashew as a bioactive compound in feed on the morphology of the small intestine in Jawa Super chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). This study used 72 1-day-old Jawa Super chicks reared for a further 16 days. We used a randomized complete design, in which basal feed was supplemented with ethanolic extract of cashew leaves at 0 g/kg feed (control), 1.25 g/kg feed (P1), 2.5 g/kg feed (P2), 5 g/kg feed (P3), 10 g/kg feed (P4), and 20 g/kg feed (P5). Parameters observed included growth performance, chicken morphometry, and morphology of the small intestine, comprising the length and width of the villi, the depth of the crypt, and the number and size of goblet cells in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Data analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test, with significance defined as p<0.05. Ethanolic extract of cashew leaf significantly increased body weight, feed efficiency, body morphometry, villus length, crypt depth, number of goblet cells, and extent of goblet cell area of the small intestine at 16 days. The morphological results from the small intestine showed that P4 and P5 were significantly better than control. Cashew leaf ethanolic extract mixed with 10 g/kg basal feed is effective as a natural feed supplement for Jawa Super chickens.

2 illus, 5 tables, 29 ref

028016   XUAN N H, LOC H T, NGU N T (Veterinary Medicine Dep, Can Tho Univ, Vietnam, Email: ntngu@ctu.edu.vn) : Blood biochemical profiles of Brahman crossbred cattle supplemented with different protein and energy sources. Vet World 2018, 11(7), 1021-4.

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of supplementing different levels of protein and energy sources on blood biochemical profiles of Brahman crossbred cattle. The study consisted of two experiments in Brahman crossbred cattle in An Giang Province. In trial 1, 28 cattle of 178±12.5 kg were arranged in a completely randomized block design. In the second trial, another 24 cattle of 182±14.3 kg were allocated in a 2 × 3 factorial design. The experiments lasted for 90 days. Blood samples were taken at the end of the experiments, and plasma concentrations of metabolites and enzymes were analyzed by an automated biochemical analyzer (Humalyzer 3000, USA). The glucose concentration was highest at 1.83 mmol/L when supplemented with urea (60 g/head/d). Urea and creatinine content was not significantly different between treatments when cattle were supplemented with different protein and energy sources. In the treatment with 360 g/head/d soybean meal supplementation, cholesterol concentration was lowest (2.50 mmol/L), compared with the highest concentration (3.86 mmol/L) in the treatment with soybean meal at 720 g/head/ day. The total protein concentration showed the highest values at 94.5 g/L and 96.3 g/L when supplemented with soybean meal (720 g/head/day) and fish oil, respectively. There were slightly altered blood biochemical profiles among cattle at different protein and energy source supplements.

2 tables, 15 ref

027951   MULYANI S W M, ERNAWATI D S, ASTUTI E R, RANTAM F A (Oral Medicine Dep, Airlangga Univ, Indonesia, Email: diah-s-e@fkg.unair.ac.id) : Hypoxic preconditioning effect on stromal cells derived factor-1 and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 expression in Wistar rat's (Rattus norvegicus) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (in vitro study). Vet World 2018, 11(7), 965-70.

To examine the effect of hypoxic preconditions on the ability of bone marrow stem cells culture mediated expression C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and stromal cells derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in vitro. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were derived from 12 femurs of 200 g Wistar male rats. The animals were euthanized before BMSCs isolation. BMSCs were divided into two groups, control group: Normoxic condition 21 % O₂ and treatment group: Hypoxic condition 1 % O₂. The characterization of BMSCs was analyzed using flow cytometry by cluster differentiation 34 and cluster differentiation 105. The expression of CXCR4 and SDF-1 measured using immunocytochemistry immunofluorescence label after 48-h incubation in a low-tension oxygen chamber with an internal atmosphere consisting of 95 % N₂, 5 % CO₂, and 1 % O₂. All data were subjected to a normality test and then analyzed using t-test statistic (p<0.05). The characterization of bone marrow stem cells showed positive cluster differentiation 34 and cluster differentiation 105. A hypoxic precondition (1 % O₂) in culture increases CXCR4 (p=0.000) and SDF-1 expression than normoxic conditions (p=0.000) (p<0.05). Hypoxic preconditioning with 1 % O2 increase CXCR4 and SDF1 expression. 

4 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

027882   BALQIS U, DARWANI, ISKANDAR C D, SALIM M N (Syiah Kuala Univ, Indonesia, Email: mnursalim@unsyiah.ac.id) : Angiogenesis activity of Jatropha curcas L. latex in cream formulation on wound healing in mice. Vet World 2018, 11(7), 939-43.

The aim of this research was to determine the angiogenesis activity of Jatropha curcas latex in cream formulation on CD34 immune expression during wound healing phase in mice skin. Amount of 36 2-month-old male mice were used between 30 and 40 g. To surgical procedures, wound skin incision was performed 2.0 cm in length until subcutaneous on the paravertebral of each animal. The treatment was carried under locally anesthetized with procaine cream. All mice were divided into four groups, namely the base cream as control group (A), sulfadiazine 0.1 % cream (B), Jatropha curcas latex cream 10 % (C), and J. curcas latex cream 15 % (D). All groups were treated entire surface of wound. All experiments were performed twice a day for 10 days. Experiments were terminated on days 3, 7, and 10, respectively. The wound healing was assayed in stained histological section in immunohistochemical of the wounds. The CD34 expression was investigated under a microscope. The results showed that the cream from 10 % and 15 % latex J. curcas revealed moderate immune reaction to CD34 on days 3 and 7 in wound healing of mice skin. We concluded that the cream from 10 % and 15 % latex J. curcas has potential as angiogenesis activity in wound healing of mice skin.

3 illus, 42 ref