008976   Lipton A P;Thangaraj M (Marine Biotechnology Lab, Vizhinjam Research Centre of Centraal Marine Fisheries Research Instit, Vihinjam, Thiruvananthapuram-695 521, Email: liptova@yahoo.com ) : Evaluation of a simple tagging method to monitor the growth of endangered species of seahorse. Curr Sci 2007, 92(11), 1631-2.

Identification of an individual seahorse is important for captive breeding and conservation studies. A simple and cost-effective tagging method was devised to suit the rigid body structure and small fins of Hippocampus kuda. The first generation sexually matured individuals (452 numbers) were tagged using plastic strips tied around the neck. No significant differences (P <62>0.05) in growth between the tagged and untagged groups were noted. All the tags persisted for one year without any perceptible changes in sexual and social behaviour.

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

008975   Kundal P;Bhagat M B;Humane S K (Geology Postgraduate Dep, R. T. M. Nagpur Univ, Law College Square, Nagpur-440 001, Email: ppk_kundal@rediffmail.com) : Paleoenvironmental significance of coralline algae from early miocene Bombay formation, Bombay offshore basin. J Geol Soc India 2007, 69(2), 274-8.

This note records four nongeniculate coralline algal species viz. Neogoniolithon sp., Sporoinhoh sp., Mesophyllum sp. and Lithoporella sp. and 3 geniculate coralline algal species Jania sp., Corallina sp. and Subterraniphyllum sp. from the Early Miocene Bombay Formation, Bombay Offshore Basin, India. Based on coralline algal assemblage, it is inferred that the limestone of Bombay Formation was deposited under low to moderate energy conditions with 10 to 20m water depth.

1 illus, 36 ref

008974   Khosla S C;Nagori M L (Geology Dep, Mohanlal Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur-313 002, Email: sckhoslal@yahoo.com) : Ostracoda from the inter-trappean beds of Mohgaon-haveli, Chhindwara district, Madhya Pradesh. J Geol Soc India 2007, 69(2), 209-21.

Sixteen species of non-marine Ostracoda are recorded from the Inter-trappean beds in a well, under excavation near Mohgaon-Haveli (spelt as Mohgaon in Survey of India Toposheet No. 55 K/10), about 8-10 km west of Sausar town on the Nagpur-Chhindwara road. Two species - Limnocvtliere bajpaii and Cypridopsis inohgaonensi* arc described as new. Ten species are assigned to taxa previously described from the Inter-trappean beds of different localities in central and western India. These are - Darwinula torpedo Whatley et al.. Limnocylhere deccanensis Khosla et al., Frambocytherc tumiensis anjarensis Bhandari and Colin, Paracypretta jonesi Bhatia and Rana, Zotiocypris gujaratensis Bhandari and Colin, Zonocypris spirilla Whatley and Bajpai, Paracandona firmaineiitum Whatley and Bajpai. Cyclocypris aniphibolos Whatley et al., Cypria cyrtonidion Whatley and Bajpai and Cyprois roslelliini Whatley and Bajpai. Four species are left in open nomenclature, which are: Cypridopsis sp., Eucypris sp. A, Eucypris sp. B and Eucypris sp. C.

1 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

008973   Karanth R V;Gadhavi M S (NO, Institute of Seismological Research, Gandhinagar-382 011, Email: r_v_karanth@yahoo.co.in) : Structural intricacies: emergent thrusts and blind thrusts of central Kachchh, western India. Curr Sci 2007, 93(9), 1271-80.

Katrol Hill Fault has evolved into an `emergent thrust', in the Kachchh Mainland Hill range the tip of the fault is yet to emerge out and it has remind a `blind thrust'. From the gradual increasing dimension of the linear chain of hillocks towards the west along the Kachchh Mainland Fault and the epicentre of the earthquake of 2001 lying at the eastern extreme of Kachchh Mainland Fault, it is suggested that the eastern part of the Kachchh Mainland Fault is progressively emerging upward. It can be suggested from the absence of distinct surface rupture both during the 1956 Anjar earthquake and 2001 Bhuj earthquake, that movements have taken place along a blind thrust. The series of villages situated on the `blind thrust' in the eastern part of the Kachchh Mainland Hill Range (viz. Jawaharnagar, Khirsara, Devisar, Amarsar and Bandhdi) was completely erased.

8 illus, 40 ref

008972   Kamal Sakr (NO, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt, Email: sakr99@yahoo.com) : Crustal deformation associated with the earthquake activity at Dahshour area, southwest Cairo, Egypt. J Geol Soc India 2007, 69(2), 397-401.

On 12th October 1992 the Cairo city in Egypt was hit by an earthquake with a magnitude of mb=5.8. This earthquaKe occurred at Dahshour area, 35 km southwest of Cairo. Monitoring of recent crustal movement by the Global Positioning System (GPS) is carried out during the period 1999-2003 in the epicentre area. The tectonics as well as seismotectonics of Dahshour area is investigated. Three seismogenic faults that trend E-W, NW-SE and NE-SW affect the area. All these faults are normal faults; tensional stresses are predominant. The results obtained from the GPS measurements show significant horizontal movements during the period of observation about 8mm/year. The observed horizontal movements are comparable with the tensional stress obtained by fault plane solutions of earthquakes. The extensional and compressional strains are estimated to be +0.4 and -0.2 microstrain/y.

5 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

008971   Jai Prakash N;Harish Babu K;Vijaya Kumara; Puttaiah E T (PG Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu Univ, Shankaraghatta-577 451) : Physico chemical characteristics of ground water quality in vicinity of tarikere, Chickmagalore (dist), Karnataka state. Ecol Envir Conserv 2007, 13(3), 535-8.

The paper describes the physico- chemical composition of the Ground water quality of the study area. The analysis was carried out in the vicinity of Tarikere during April- June 2002. It has been studied to evaluate the suitability of water for domestic uses. Twenty-four bore wells water samples representing study area were collected and analyzed. The data reveals that all samples values were to be well with in the permissible limit of WHO and BIS standards prescribed for drinking water standards. However, further it will need proper monitoring of the ground water quality in the study area and also creating awareness and detailed study.

2 tables, 10 ref

008970   Gurugnanam B;Joseph Santhanaraj K;Prabhakaran N;Dharnirajan K;Bairavi S;Radha S (Earth Sciences Dep, Annamalai Univ, Chidambaram) : Favorability and disfavorability of groundwater with referrence to WHO and Indian standrads in Valapadi Taluk, Salem distrct, Tamilnadu. Ecol Envir Conserv 2007, 13(3), 551-4.

The chemical characteristics of the groundwater in and around the Valapadi taluk of Salem district have been studied to evaluate the suitability of water for domestic and irrigation uses. Twenty three groundwater samples representing the shallow and deep aquifer of the area were collected and analyzed for pH, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO₃ CO₃ SO₄ and Cl. It is observed that the quality of the groundwater is suitable for domestic use with some exception. The observed high quantity of Cl, SO₄), and Mg at some places require immediate attention and detailed study. The value of EC and SAR indicate good to medium quality of waler for irrigation.

5 tables, 4 ref

008969   Gurmeet Kaur;Mehta P K (Centre for Advanced Study in Geology, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: gurmeet28374@yahoo.co.in) : Geochemistry and petrogenesis of jasrapura granitoid north khetri copper belt, Rajasthan: evidence for island arc magmatism. J Geol Soc India 2007, 69(2), 319-30.

The Jasrapura granitoid intrudes the rocks of Proterozoic Delhi Supergroup in the northern part of the Khetri Copper Belt (KCB), Rajasthan. It forms a lenticular sheet like body, exposed in the core of an NNE-SSW trending anticline formed by the Alwar feldspathic quartzite. Quartz, microcline, microcline-perthite, plagioclase and biotite are the main mineral constituents while titanite, magnetite, allanite and epidote occur as accessory minerals. The Jasrapura granitoid has been characterised as peraluminous, I-type, calc-alkaline granite with subordinate granodioritic component. Various petrological and geochemical parameters collectively indicate its fractionation-related petrogenesis from magma generated in the mantle wedge overlying the subduction zone. The calc-alkaline trend of evolution, high K₂O/Na₂,O ratios, enriched incompatible trace elements (Rb, Ba, Th, U, etc), flat HREE profiles, low (La/Yb)N ratios and high YbN values of Jasrapura granitoid compare favourably with the post-Archaean arc granitoids. The trace element tectonic discrimination diagrams and spidergrams suggest an island arc tectonic regime for the Jasrapura granitoid.

8 illus, 6 tables, 56 ref

008968   Gupta K D;Saraswati P K;Kramar U;Ravindran C N;Stuben D;Berner Z (Earth Sciences Dep, IIT Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, Email: pratul@iitb.ac.in) : Oxygen isotopic composition of albian-turonian foraminifera from Cauvery basin, India: evidence of warm sea-surface temperature. J Geol Soc India 2007, 69(2), 390-6.

The clays of Karai Formation (Uttatur Group) contain well-preserved planktonic andbenthic foraminiferaof Albian-Turonian age. The pristine tests of planktonic and benthic foraminifera were analyzed for their oxygen isotopic compositions. The δ¹⁸O values of planktonic foraminifera, comprising Whiteinella archaeocretacea, Marginotruncana sp., Rotalipora reicheli, Praeglobotruncana slephani and Globigerinelloides sp. indicate the maximum near-surface temperatures of 29°C. The bottom water temperature, estimated on benthic foraminiferal species Gyroidinoides sp., Quadrimorphina sp., Gavelinella sp., Lenticulina sp. and Pleurostomella sp., is about 21°C. This is in agreement with the palaeoclimatic conditions inferred on fossil assemblages.

3 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

008967   Gupta A K;Das M (Geology and Geophysics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: anilg@gg.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Occurrence of the biogenic bloom in the oligotrophic southeastern Indian ocean: evidence from late neogene deep-sea benthic foraminifera (ODP hole 752A). J Geol Soc India 2007, 69(2), 331-43.

We produced a 12.9 Ma census data of deep-sea benthic foraminifera from subtropical Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole'/52A, Broken Ridge, southeastern Indian Ocean to understand paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes and their relation to Southern Ocean climate variability as well as latitudinal shifts in the Subtropical Convergence Zone (SCZ). We employed knowledge of the ecology of Recent deep-sea benthic foraminifera from different ocean basins for environmental interpretations at Hole 752A. Benthic faunal data suggest a major transition in deep-sea environments of the southeastern Indian Ocean across 5.5-4.5 Ma roughly coinciding with the end of the Indo-Pacific "biogenic bloom". The benthic biofacies suggest well-oxygenated and nutrient poor deep waters from 12.9 to 10 Ma with variable flux of organic matter. The interval 10-5.5 Ma is marked by high and sustained flux of organic matter at the time when productivity increased many fold throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans during which time the biogenic bloom peaked and the Indian summer monsoon intensified. Antarctic ice volume significantly increased and southern component deep-water formation enhanced during this time. This southern cooling in the late middle to late Miocene probablypushed the SCZ towards north above Hole 752A. Since 4.5 Ma, the organic flux Was low to intermediate and pulsed.

5 illus, 3 tables, 73 ref

008966   Das B;Maity S K;Tarafdar O N (NO, , Geological Survey of India, CR, Nagpur-440 006) : Application of electrical resistivity and induced polarisation methods for detection of fluoride contaminated groundwater. J Geol Soc India 2007, 69(2), 381-9.

State water Investigation Directorate (SWID), Government of West Bengal had drilled several boreholes in the Nalhati-Nashipur area (87°42' E to 87°54' E longitude and 24° 15' N to 24°26' N latitude) in the district of Birbhum for development of potable ground water in the region. Quaternary sediments overlying the Rajmahal Trap, including the weathered/vesicular traps form the potential aquifers in these areas. Ground water samples from deeper aquifers at a few locations show high fluoride concentration in the area. Resistivity and Induced Polarisation survey have been carried out in the area to demarcate the zones where contaminated ground water may exist. This paper aims to highlight the utility of the above surveys, using chemical analysis of data as constraints, in successful delineation of such contaminated / polluted ground water zones. In order to check the spread of Osteo-Fluorosis in the region ground water from such areas may be avoided for drinking purpose.

5 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

008965   Bijai Prasad (NO, KDM Institute of Petroleum Exploration, Oil and Natural Gas Corporatio, , Email: bijaiprasad@indiatimes.com) : Obruchevella and other terminal proterozoic (vendian) organic-walled microfossils from the Bhander group (Vindhyan supergroup), Madhya Pradesh. J Geol Soc India 2007, 69(2), 295-310.

Abundant specimens of Vendian marker species of Obruchevella, a helically coiled filamentous microfossil, are recorded from the sediments of Bhander Group of western Son Valley and DMH-A well, in Madhya Pradesh. Various species of Obruchevella appear in the Ganurgarh Shale, become abundant in the overlying Nagod Limestone and the Sirbu Shale, and are associated with other characteristic Terminal Proterozoic organic-walled microfossils. The appearance of Obruchevella parva and O. valdaica in the Ganurgarh Shale, with associated occurrence of Vandalosphaeridium reiiculatum and Trachysphaeridium laufeldi, suggests Late Cryogenian-Early Vendian (ca. 650-590 Ma) age. The abundance of above species of Obruchevella in the Nagod Limestone, along with O. delicata, is broadly indicative of an Early Vendian (ca. 690 - 570 Ma) age. Yet, the appearance of O, delicata, Loplwspharidium rarum and Cymatiosphaera sp. in the Nagod Limestone, having their earliest occurrences from Late Vendian, suggests that the age of the Nagod Limestone extends into the Late Vendian (ca. 570 -560 Ma) also. The persistence of the above species of Obruchevella, and the occurrence of Crislallinium sp., Dictyotidium sp. and O. parvissima in the Sirbu Shale which generally show their appearances in Early Cambrian, is suggestive of a Late Vendian-Early Cambrian age. However, the abundance of Vendian marker species of Obruchevella and the absence of distinctive Early Cambrian acritarchs in the Sirbu Shale, favours a Late Vendian age. The recovered microfossils provide a strong evidence for a latest Cryogenian to Late Vendian (ca. 650 - 544 Ma) age-range for the Bhander Group. The presence of Vendian marker species of Obruchevella and other Terminal Proterozoic age-potential organic-walled microfossils in the Bhander Group brackets the upper age limits of the Vindhyan Supergroup to the Late Vendian, and seems that it does not encompass the Lower Paleozoic (Cambrian).

6 illus, 89 ref

008964   Basu H;Gangadharan G R;Suresh Kumar;Sharma U P;Rai A K;Chaki A (Atomic Energy Dep, Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Res, Nagarbhavi, Bangalore-560 072, Email: basuhimadri@rediffmail.com) : Sedimentary facies of gulcheru quartzite in the southwestern part of the cuddapah bain and their implication in deciphering the depositional environment. J Geol Soc India 2007, 69(2), 347-58.

Middle Proterozoic Gulcheru Quartzite marks the onset of sedimentation, after the Eparchacan unconformity, in the Cuddapah Basin. In the southwestern margin of the basin it is made up dominantly of orthoquartzites. On the basis of lithology, stratigraphic relationship, bedding characteristics, texture and colour of sediments and sedimentary-structures, five lithofacies were recognized within Gulcheru Quartzite. The Gulcheru Quartzite, though dominantly of shallow marine origin, shows imprints of other depositional regimes. Detailed interpretation of the facies and study of their field relationships reveal that pink massive quartzite, the lowermost unit of Gulcheru Quartzite, is of fluvio-aeolian  origin. Later marine transgression led to the development of a moderate to low energy beach, which evolved with lime into a barrier-spit complex.

13 illus, 30 ref

008963   Balaji S;Sharma M P (Alternate Hydro Energy Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667) : Water quality assessment of conservation of river Bhavani. Ecol Envir Conserv 2007, 13(3), 593-600.

The River Bhavani, being the major tributary of river cauvery in Tamil Nadu, is getting highly polluted due to point & non-point pollution sources. It receives discharge of the untreated domestic sewage, industrial effluents from the small scale industries like tanneries and dyeing units and excessive fertilizers and pesticides and monoculture. Increasing water requirement for irrigation are the serious problem being faced by farmers. In this paper, the assessment of water quality of the Bhavani river was carried out with the help of water quality indices computed from the data collected from various sources and water quality maps developed to define the status of the river stretch under study. Based upon the status, the conservation measures are suggested to improve the water quality of the river.

6 illus, 7 tables, 11 ref

008962   Babu K N;Padmalal D;Maya K;Sreeja R;Arun P R (NO, Centre for Earth Science Studies, P.B. No. 7250, Thuruvikkal P.O., Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram-695 031, Email: drknbabu@yahoo.com) : Quality of surface and ground water around tile and brick clay mines in the Chalakudy river basin, Southwestern India. J Geol Soc India 2007, 69(2), 279-84.

A study is conducted to assess the quality and seasonal variation of surface and ground water sources in and around Chalakudy basin, where intense clay mining activities for tile and brick manufacturing are taking place. The study reveals marked differences in most of the physical and chemical constituents of the ground and surface water sources. The pH, DO, BOD, conductivity, TDS, chloride, hardness and nutrient (N, P and Si) contents of ground water register high values than that of surface water. The conductivity, chloride, sulphate, hardness, calcium, magnesium and iron in the ground water samples fall within the BIS/WHO permissible limits of drinking water standards. Generally, the concentration of chemical components in ground water from clay mine areas is high compared to that from non-clay mine areas. High incidence of bacterial contamination is observed in well waters which stresses the need for proper treatment prior to human consumption.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

008961   Asadi S S;Vuppala P;Reddy M A (Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, , Email: ssvp_envi@yahoo.co.in) : Spatial distribution mapping of groundwater quality using remote sensing and GIS-a case study of Hyderabad city, Andhra Pradesh, India. Ecol Envir Conserv 2007, 13(3), 459-66.

Increasing population, urbanization and industrialization have resulted in a consequent increase in the pressure on basic civic amenities, which directly affects the quality of environment. Due to lack of basic services, most of the lakes and rivers are forced to serve as drainage channels, which in turn affect the ground water quality of the surrounding area. Ground water, which is an important, yet, often neglected global source of water supply can be adversely affected in quality as well as quantity with changing land use patterns and urbanization and information on these changes is limited to quantification of physico-chemical characteristics only. Need for a study to understand the correlation between land use and groundwater parameters is felt and a methodology to derive this correlation has been worked out using Remote sensing and GIS. Keeping this in view an attempt has been made to identify the problematic areas in Zone-I under Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad through generation of spatial distribution patterns of groundwater quality and to correlate the impact of land use/land cover with it. Water Quality Index (WQI) is calculated to determine the suitability of water for human consumption and suitable recommendations to prevent further deterioration of water quality are suggested.

5 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

008960   Ahmad S;Hasnain S I (Geology Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002) : Textural, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of sediments and soil at high altitude catchment in the Garhwal Himalaya. J Geol Soc India 2007, 69(2), 291-4.

Mineralogical composition of soil and sediments reveals a decreasing trend of chemical weathering intensity with elevations due to decreasing temperature and short period of soil solution residence at high altitude soil profiles Lower values of CIA (Index of Chemical Alteration) for the soil, suspended and bed sediment also indicates low intensity of chemical weathering and these mineralogical and chemically immature sediments play an important role in fertility of the flood plains of Ganga - Indus - Brahmaputra system.

2 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

008167   Yadava M G;Sarswat K S;Singh I B;Ramesh R (NO, Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380 009, Email: myadava@prl.ernet.in) : Evidences of early human occupation in the limestone caves of Bastar, Chhattisgarh. Curr Sci 2007, 92(6), 820-3.

Authors record the preservation of burnt earth, charcoal and plant remains (both wild and domesticated) in Kotum-sar and Dandak caves, Kanger Valley National Park, Bastar district, Chhattisgarh. Radiocarbon dates of the charcoal remains suggest that these caves were dwelling sites for prehistoric man during 6940-4030 yrs BP. The presence of grains and seeds at <126>7000 yrs BP indicates domestication of plants and initiation of agricultural activity by prehistoric man in the region. Preliminary results reveal that the caves were abandoned around 4000 yrs BP, coinciding with the weakening of the southwest monsoon.

3 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

008166   Sudhishri S;Patnaik U S;Dass A (Water Technology Centre, IARI, Pusa, New Delhi-110 012) : Hydrological study and water resource assessment in kokriguda watershed of Orissa for sustainable water management. Indian J Soil Conserv 2007, 35(2), 103-7.

Study was conducted to assess water resource potential, availability and demand in Kokriguda watershed, a representative of Eastern Ghats of Orissa, by considering all the sources of water, and land uses for sustainable water management. The results showed the annual fresh water potential of 312.45 ha-m including runoff and surface flow 299.39 ha-m and ground water 13.06 ha-m). The annual water requirement in the watershed was estimated to be 155.46 ha-m, which included irrigation water requirement of 153.2 ha-m and public water demand of 2.26 ha-m during pre-project period in 1997-98. This indicated that there was no water scarcity in the watershed till 1997-98. But the need for scientific and proper utilization of surplus available water was felt. Therefore, different interventions like installation of underground pipeline irrigation system, proper use of water of Jhola land, in-situ moisture conservation measures, crop diversification etc. were executed and found to be effective for sustainable water management.

2 illus, 5 tables, 5 ref

008165   Sati S P;Sundriyal Y P;Rawat G S (Geology Dep, H.N.B. Univ, Srinagar Garhwal-246 174, Email: ypsundriyal@yahoo.co.in) : Geomorphic indicators of neotectonic activity around Srinagar (Alaknanda) basin, Uttarakhand. Curr Sci 2007, 92(6), 824-9.

Fluvial terraces, entrenched stream courses, landslide-induced ponding, and active and stabilized landslide deposits are some of the morphological evidence of late Quaternary seismicity in the Alaknanda Valley around Srinagar, Uttarakhand. Attributes their development to the activity along the North Almora Thrust (NAT) that marks the northern boundary of the study area and its sympathetic E-W and NW-SE trending lineaments. The existing chronological data on the terrace sequence when viewed in conjunction with field data suggest that the NAT and the associated lineaments were active during the late Quaternary period.

8 illus, 22 ref

008164   Sarma A K;Nimai Singh N (Physics Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014, Email: amalk_s@yahoo.co.in) : Baryogenesis from inverted hierarchical mass models with tribimaximal mixings. Indian J Phys 2007, 81(3), 389-94.

Estimated the baryon asymmetry for two specific structures of Inverted Hierarchical mass models: bimaximal mixings(BM) and tribimaximal mixings (TBM), both with opposite CP-parity. Starting from the light neutrino mass matrices, the heavy right handed Majorana neutrino mass matrices are constructed via inverse seesaw relation. The estimated baryon asymmetry for tribimaximal mixing mass model with down quark mass matrix taken as Dirac neutrino mass matrix is found to be consistent with the experimental value. Through the estimation of baryon asymmetry, we establish the validity of tribimaximal mixings of inverted hierarchical neutrino mass model. The present calculation also discriminates the three possible choices of Dirac neutrino mass matrix.

3 tables, 21 ref

008163   Sajeevan G (NO, , Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Pune-411 007, Email: sajeevan@cdac.in) : Extending GIS to the common man through image-based vector GIS. Curr Sci 2007, 92(6), 736-8.

New approach called image-based vector GIS is proposed, whereby the common man can easily understand information from the GIS with the help of images. Image-based vector GIS is referred here as a GIS system in which an image is used essentially for display and vector layer for analysis. According to the approach, a high-resolution image is always visible on the display. The vector layers are not visible on the display, preferably vectorized from a high-resolution image, and may be composed of polygons wherever possible. The query is passed onto the vector layer and the -result highlighted on the image using graphics of user-defined colour and transparency. Thus the common man is not interfaced with depiction of features, but with easily understandable image with query result highlighted on it. To demonstrate the approach, image-based vector GIS software has been developed, the snapshots of which are shown.

3 illus, ref

008162   Saha D K;Chakraborty P K;Choudhury K (Central Geophysics Div, , Geological Survey of India, 27, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata-700 016) : Resistivity surveys for groundwater and environmental studies in kalyani - Naihati area, West Bengal. Indian Miner 2006, 60(1-2), 81-90.

Vertical Electrical Soundings using Schlumberger electrode configuration were carried out around Kalyani-Halisahar-Naihati areas of Nadia and North 24-Parganas districts, West Bengal to delineate different aquifer zones, impervious clay horizons and to study the environmental aspects like identification of suitable waste disposal sites. The area generally comprises loose and unconsolidated layers of clay, silt, sand and gravel of Pleistocene to Holocene age. The aquifer in the area comprising saturated medium and coarse sand occurs in an unconfined condition from a depth of 5 m onwards and continues up to a depth of at least 300m below ground level with some possible intervening clay layers. The aquifer is characterised by a resistivity value of more than 30 ohm.m. Saline/brackish ground water zones, which are frequent in the southern Gangetic deltaic region, are absent here. Total Transverse Resistance in the area is appreciably high (9793 Ohm m<^>2) indicating high transmissivity of the aquifer. In absence of any impervious clay capping in the area, no zone could be found suitable for waste disposal.