023143   Durrani I R (Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gujrat Univ, Pakistan) : High frequency (HF) dynamics in financial distribution. Bull pure appl Sci 2012, 31D(1), 127-33.

Recently there has been an increasing interest in the statistical properties of the high frequency financial data related to the market micro-structural properties. High frequency econometrics is now well established after research on auto-regressive conditional duration models. In (HF) financial data, not only returns but also waiting times between consecutive trades are random variables. Compound Poisson processes are an instance of continuous time random walks (CTRW). In section two, (CTRW) theory is presented as applied to finance, and in section three a summary of the main results is presented.

3 ref

023142   Durrani I R (NO, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gujrat, Pakistan) : Plasma planar filaments instability and alfven waves. Bull pure appl Sci 2012, 31D(1), 121-6.

Inhomogeneous plasma filaments instabilities are investigated by using the techniques of classical differential geometry of curves where Frenet torsion and curvature describe completely the motion of curves; in our case the Frenet frame changes in time and also depends upon the other coordinates taking into account the inhomogeneity of the plasma. The exponential perturbation method so commonly used to describe cosmological perturbations is applied to magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) plasma equations to find longitudinal modes describing Alfven wave's propagation modes describing plasma waves in the medium. Stability is investigated in the imaginary axis of the spectra of complex frequencies ω or Im(ω) ≠ 0.

7 ref

023141   Durrani I R (Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gujrat, Pakistan) : Effect of mass fluctuation on collective models in dusty plasma. Bull pure appl Sci 2012, 31D(1), 113-9.

Grains immersed in plasma get eroded by the ions falling on to them. As a consequence, they exhibit self-consistent mass fluctuations due to perturbations in the plasma charging currents. The grain mass is then a dynamical variable. The modifications in the plasma dielectric properties are investigated and new ultra-low frequency modes are shown to exist in the plasma. Due to the dynamic character of the dust grain electric charge, dusty plasma that contain dust grains of high charge and mass, exhibit new and interesting aspects with respect to already known negative-ion plasmas. Indeed, dust grains when immersed in a plasma acquire their charge via numerous and competing processes, such as photoelectric effect, thermo-ionic effect, secondary emission and plasma particles capture by the grains. As a matter of fact, the electrons are captured by the grains, whereas the ions exchange charge with it, and hence the mass of the grain does not increase appreciably. Any wave motion in the plasma induces particle density perturbations, which in turn affect self-consistently the particle currents falling on to the grains. Consequently, as a response, the grain charge would fluctuate, giving rise to many collective effects. So far, the grain mass has been considered constant. Although, in realistic environments, e.g., astrophysical situations, the grain mass is variable. Indeed, the grain may be eroded also, under the effect of numerous processes such as sputtering, that is ejection of surface atoms of the grains due to striking ions, chemical sputtering, grain-grain collisions and grain disruption. The grain mass is then a dynamical variable coupled to other variables such as particle density. The effect of grain sputtering on self-qravltatlnq dusty plasma dielectric properties has been investigated, and it has been shown that grain mass fluctuation is at the root of a new instability. In this note we propose to investigate the effect of self-consistent grain mass fluctuations that are a response to perturbations in the plasma charging currents on wave propagation along with instability processes. New modes in the ultra-low frequency range are found.

5 ref

023140   Durrani I R (Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gujrat Univ, Pakistan) : Photon orbital angular momentum in a plasma vortex. Bull pure appl Sci 2012, 31D(1), 103-11.

Study theoretically the exchange of angular momentum between a photon beam and a plasma vortex, and demonstrate the possible excitation of high order photon angular momentum (DAM) states in a plasma. This can be relevant to plasma diagnostics, both in laboratory and in space; radio astronomy selfcalibration and interference mitigation; and photon DAM beam generation. Two situations will be considered in detail; a static plasma perturbation with helical structure, and a rotating plasma vortex. A comparison between these two cases, and their relevance to the physical nature of photon OAM, will be established.

7 ref

023139   Durrani I R (Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gujrat Univ, Pakistan) : Behaviour of complex solitons in Bose Einstein condensate (BEC). Bull pure appl Sci 2012, 31D(1), 83-8.

Propagation of complex solitons in a quasi-one dimensional (BEC) medium is studied. It is found that both dark and bright solitons can be excited and the allowed parameter domain containing a non vanishing chemical potential. The dark solitons in this case travel with a constant velocity.

2 ref

023138   Durrani I R (Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gujrat Univ, Pakistan) : On the existence of electric charge. Bull pure appl Sci 2012, 31D(1), 75-81.

It has been established that electromagnetic waves propagate with the speed of light. The reason is that the electrostatic fields as well as magnetic fields propagate with this speed. Both types of objects, waves as well as static field, contain and transport energy. Therefore it is possible to calculate how much energy and how much energy density a source of field emits into the space. Calculations show that this energy is not zero for elementary particles as well as macroscopic spheres. The calculation is presented in this paper. This leads to a principle problem that has not been answered to date: From where does the static charge obtain the energy, which it permanently emits? The paradox has a second string in its bow: If we allow the trace of a specified element of volume containing an electric field on its way through the space, we will notice that its contents of field energy decrease during time. But where does this effluent energy go?

2 illus, 1 ref

023137   Durrani I R (Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gujrat Univ, Pakistan) : Class of solitons for the N=2 super MKDV/sinh- gordon hierarchy. Bull pure appl Sci 2012, 31D(1), 65-73.

Employing the Hirota's method, a class of soliton solutions for the N=2 super mKdV equations, is proposed in terms of a single Grassmann parameter. Such solutions are shown to satisfy two copies of N=l supersymmetric mKdV equations connected by nontrivial algebraic identities. Using the super Miura transformation, we obtain solutions of the N=2 super KdV equations. These are shown to generalize solutions derived previously. By using the mKdV/sinh-Gordon hierarchy properties we generate the solutions of the N=2 super sinh-Gordon as well.

6 ref

023136   Dousti M R;Ghoshal S K;Sahar M R;Sharma S; Arifin R (Advanced Optical Material Research Group Physics Dep, Faculty of Science, Teknologi Univ, Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia, Email: sibkrishna@utm.my) : Up-conversion emission and radiative decay in Er<. Asian J Spectrosc 2012, 16(1-4), 27-37.

Four-level model is developed and the rate equations are derived to examine the mechanism of up-conversion (UC) emission process and the radiative relaxational behavior of Er³⁺- doped zinc tellurite glass under the excitation of 797 nm. Semi-empirical methods are used in simulating the rate equations for the fluorescence emission characteristics of the green (⁴S_3/2→⁴I_15/2) and red (⁴F_9/2→⁴I_15/2) bands. The population dynamics of the ground and excited states are studied. NR (NR) multi-phonon relaxation rates for 2, 4 and 6-phonos processes and their quantum efficiencies are calculated. A much higher population for the ⁴S_3/2 level is achieved in contrast to the population of ⁴F^9/2 level. In addition, the quantum efficiency for the up-converted green emission is found to be higher than the red emission. These observations are attributed to the energy: transfer and cross relaxational mechanisms among various levels of Er³⁺ ions. The radiative and NR rate processes and the level populations for green and red transitions are analyzed in detail and understood. The present model is quite generic and can be extended to study the mechanism of luminescence to other glasses with different rare earth dopants of varying concentrations an temperature. The model parameters are tuned to determine the desired quantities in rare-earth doped tellurite glasses and are tallied with experimental data.

6 illus, 3 tables, 40 ref

023135   De A K;Roy D;Goswami D (Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur-208 016, Email: dgoswami@iitk.ac.in) : Two-photon fluorescence diagnostics of femtosecond laser tweezers. Curr Sci 2011, 101(7), 935-8.

Show how two-photon fluorescence signal can be used as an effective detection scheme for trapping particles of any size in comparison to methods using back-scattered light. Development of such a diagnostic scheme allows us a direct observation of trapping a single nanoparticle, which shows new directions to spectroscopy at the single-molecule level in solution.

4 illus, 15 ref

023134   Biswas T;Ghosh T K (Physics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur-208 016, Email: tkghosh@iiitk.ac.in) : Quantum information entropies of ultracold atomic gases in a harmonic trap. Pramana J Phys 2011, 77(4), 697-703.

Position and momentum space information entropies of weakly interacting trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and spin-polarized trapped atomic Fermi gases at absolute zero temperature are evaluated. Author find that sum of the position and momentum space information entropies of these quantum systems containing N atoms confined in a D(≤)-dimensional harmonic trap has a universal form as S_t^(D) = N(aD - b ln N) where a ≈ 2.332 and b = 2 for interacting bosonic systems and a ≈ = 1.982 and b = 1 for ideaql fermionic systems. These results obey the entropic uncertainty relation given by Beckner, Bialynicki-Birula and Myceilski.

27 ref

023133   Altaf M;Ahmad M M;Ahmad S N (Physics Dep, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar-190 006, Email: altafnig@rediffmail.com) : Quite period-associated low latitude VLF/ELF emissions with frequency drift observed in the premidnight sector. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2012, 24(3), 457-68.

Characteristics of nighttime VLF/ELF emissions are examined on the basis of the data obtained at a low latitude ground station Jammu (geomag. lat., 22o 26' N; L = 1.17), India during our VLF/ELF campaign. From the detailed analysis of the acquired VLF/ELF data at Jammu we have found two remarkable events which clearly exhibit a rise in their frequency with time in pre midnight sectors during magnetically quiet periods. Our analysis shows that the emissions observed are of hiss and hissler types and are recorded during magnetically quiet period followed by disturbances. The observed frequency drift in VLF/ELF emissions at Jammu seems to be a rare phenomenon at low latitudes during magnetically quiet period in pre midnight sectors. This property of temporal frequency drift in VLF/ELF emissions observed at our station Jammu are interpreted in terms of a electron-cyclotron wave-particle interaction for wave excitation. The initial frequency increase is believed to be due to combined effect of L-shell drift of energetic electrons.

7 illus, 32 ref

023132   Afshordi N (Physics and Astronomy Dep, Waterloo Univ, 200 Avenue West Univ, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada, Email: nafshordi@pitp.ca) : Where will Einstein fail? lessons for gravity and cosmology. Bull Astr Soc India 2012, 40(1), 1-20.

Einstein's theory of General Relativity is the benchmark example for empirical success and mathematical elegance in theoretical physics. However, in spite of being the most successfully tested theory in physics, there are strong theoretical and observational arguments for why General Relativity should fail. It is not a question of if, but rather a question of where and when I start by recounting the tremendous success in observational cosmology over the past three decades, that has led to the era of precision cosmology. Summarize the pathologies in Einstein's theory of gravity, as the cornerstone of standard cosmological model. Attempts to address these pathologies are either inspired by mathematical elegance, or empirical falsifia-bility. Provided different arguments for why a falsifiable solution should violate Lorentz symmetry, or revive "gravitational aether". Deviations from Einstein's gravity are then expected in cosmological matter-radiation transition, neutron stars, gravitomagnetic effect, astrophysical black holes, and their potential connection to dark energy, and early Universe, where the predictions are ranked by their degree of robustness and falsifiability.

3 illus, 57 ref

022047   Yashwant Singh;Mandia H K (NO, , ) : Relation between double laplace transform and double hankel transform with applications II. J expl appl Mech 2012, 1(1), (NULL).

The object of this paper is to establish a relationship between the double Laplace transform and the doubleHankel transform. A double Laplace-Hankel transform of the product of H-functions of one and two variablesis then obtained. Application of our main result, summation formula and some interesting special cases havealso been discussed.

^iia

022046   Shoqwara F;Dwaikat N;Saffarini G (NO, , ) : Measurement of radon exhalation rate from building materials. J expl appl Mech 2013, 2(1), 10-19.

Indoor radon has been recognized as one of the health hazards for mankind because long-term exposure to radon increases the risk of developing lung cancer. This study aims at assessing the contribution of building materials towards the total indoor radon exposure to the inhabitants of Nablus district, Palestine. The radon exhalation rate has been carried out for different building materials of international origin used in construction in Nablus district. The "closed-can technique" has been employed in this study using solid state nuclear track detectors (CR-39). After 100 days of exposure, CR-39 detectors were etched chemically and then counted under an optical microscope. Results show that Radon exhalation rates from granite and marble have relatively high values as compared to other building materials followed- in order- by cement, ceramic, concrete, building stones, and porcelain, while gypsum, sand, gravel and bricks contribute less to radon exhalation rate which was found to range from (55.37 ±or gypsum samples to (589.54 ± 73.24) mBq/m2h for granite samples, with a total average value of (268.56 ± 166.21) mBq/m2h. The corresponding radon concentration, effective radium content, and annual effective dose average values were (148.49 ± 91.13) Bq/m3, (1.93 ± 1.20) Bq/Kg and (3.74 ± 2.30) mSv/y, respectively. In general, the radon exhalation rate from the investigated building materials is low and under the global value except for granite, marble and some cement samples and thus except for the excluded, the studied materials are safe as construction materials.

022045   Sheena Mary Y;Yohannan Panicker C;Varghese H T (Physics Dep, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam, Kerala, Email: cyphyp@rediffmail.com) : IR, Raman and DFT calculations of 5,6-benzo-2-pyrone. Oriental J Chem 2012, 28(2), 1071-5.

FTIR and FT-Raman spectrum of 5,6-benzo-2-pyrone were recorded and analyzed. The vibrational wavenumbers were examined theoretically using the Gaussian03 set of quantum chemistry codes. The experimental frequencies are in agreement with the calculated (B3LYP) scaled values. The phenyl and pyrone ring modes are identified and assigned. The predicted infrared intensities and Raman activities are reported.

1 table, 22 ref

022044   Sharma J K;Sharma S;Vyas R (NO, , ) : Dependence of fidelity of quantum teleportation for pure state on degree of entanglement. J expl appl Mech 2012, 1(1), (NULL).

Quantum information and computation has been a rapidly evolving field. As Landauer pointed out, information is physical, so it should not look strange to try to bring together quantum mechanics and information theory. Indeed, it was soon realized that it was possible to use the laws of quantum physics to perform tasks which are unconceivable within the framework of classical physics like quantum teleportation, superdense coding, quantum cryptography, Shor's factorization algorithm or Grover's searching algorithm. Here, quantum teleportation has been discussed in a different way for two qubit pure state. It is a well-known fact that any two qubit pure states can be decomposed into two parts - pure entangled part and factorizable part. The square of the weightage of entangled part (p) gives the amount of entanglement in the state. It has been shown that the fidelity of quantum teleportation is a function of p and its variation with p has been plotted for all the possible outcomes.

022043   Samarasekara P;Ariyaratne A D (NO, , ) : Determination of Magnetic properties of cobalt films using second order perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian. J expl appl Mech 2012, 1(1), (NULL).

The magnetic properties of hexagonal closed packed structured ferromagnetic cobalt films were investigated by means of second order perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian. First the number of nearest neighbors and the constants arisen from the partial summation of the dipole interactions of the structure of cobalt were calculated using some special algorithms. Minimization of the energy difference between the easy and hard direction of a memory device is very important. When the energy difference between the easy and hard directions is significantly small, the magnetic moments in a memory device can be quickly rotated between easy and hard directions under the influence of a small magnetic field. The thickness of a cobalt film corresponding to this minimum energy difference calculated using this theoretical model agrees with some experimental data of cobalt-based magnetic memory devices.

022042   Samarasekara P (NO, , ) : Relationship between demagnetization factor and energy of thick ferromagnetic films. J expl appl Mech 2012, 1(3), 1-6.

The variation of energy of ferromagnetic thick films of 10000 layers with demagnetization factor will be described in this report using second order perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian. Under the influence of demagnetization factor given by =6.6, the sc(001) film with 10000 layers can be easily oriented in 0.6 radians direction for the values of energy parameters used in this report. Easy direction of thick fcc(001) film with 10000 layers was determined as 0.66 radians, when the demagnetization factor is given by=2.6. The energy of sc(001)thick film is larger than that of fcc(001) thick film. But the energy curve of fcc(001) thick film is smoother than that of sc(001).

022041   Samarasekara P (NO, , ) : Demagnetization factor dependence of energy of ultrathin ferromagnetic films with four layers. J expl appl Mech 2012, 1(2), (NULL).

The variation of energy with demagnetization factor will be investigated for sc(001) and bcc(001)ferromagnetic lattices with four layers using classical model of Heisenberg Hamiltonian. According to3-D plots, the films with four layers can be easily oriented in certain directions under the influence ofparticular demagnetization factor and angles for both sc(001) and bcc(001) ferromagnetic latticestructures. A flat part can be seen in the middle of 3-D plots in addition to periodic variations. When thedemagnetization factor is given by ƒY ƒc 0d N= 6, sc(001) film with four layers can be easily oriented in0.6 radians direction for the energy parameter values used in this simulation. Under the influence ofdemagnetization factor given by ƒY ƒc 0d N= 5.2, thin film of bcc(001) lattice with four layers can be easilyoriented along 0.63 radians direction.

022040   Rethika K T (NO, , ) : Ultrasonic study of molecular interactions in organic liquids at various temperatures and concentrations. J expl appl Mech 2012, 1(3), 7-13.

The ultrasonic velocity was measured for water and glacial acetic acid in their pure state and in their binary mixtures. The ultrasonic velocity was measured also for the solution of salicylic acid in glacial acetic acid. Relative density and relative viscosity were also measured at various temperatures and concentrations. The parameters like adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, relaxation time and attenuation were determined. This study is helpful for the understanding of the macroscopic structure solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions.

022039   Onkar Prasad;Sinha L;Misra N;Amarendra Kumar; Narayan V;Srivastava R K;Mishra H N (Physics Dep, University of Lucknow, Lucknow) : Study of electrostatic potential surface and molecular orbitals of O₄nano cluster by first principles. Der Pharma Chem 2009, 1(2), 79-85.

Study of properties of nanoclusters are important from various fundamental and applications point of view. The study of frontier orbitals, molecular electrostatic potential surface of O4 oxygen nano cluster in the puckered square (O_4A) and the pinwheel (O_4B) geometry has been carried out using the first principles. The MEP surface has been used to predict the active sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic interactions in both the O₄ cluster geometries.

17 ref

022038   Godbole R M (Centre for High Energy Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: rohini@cts.iisc.ernet.in) : Large hadron collider: higgs hunting gets serious!. Curr Sci 2011, 101(9), 1155-70.

In this article I give a status report of the real exciting prospect that the 'billion dollar question' about the Higgs boson (the 'Holy Grail' of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics) may be answered in the coming months! To put the excitement in perspective, I begin with a short summary of the century-long journey, by theoretical and experimental particle physicists as well as accelerator physicists, which will find its natural culmination in this event. I will also summarize the story of the Large Hadron Collider: the machine and experiment, from the troubled early steps to the confident strides that are being made now. I will outline why particle physicists believe that, if we are lucky, the SM train may be arriving at the terminus within this year.

9 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

022037   Dwivedi A;Siddiqui S A;Pandey A K;Prasad O; Sinha L; (Physics Dep, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) : Quantum chemical study and the effect of substitution of amino group on the reactivity of 4-Aminopyridine and 3,4-Diaminopyridine by Density Functional Theory. Der Pharma Chem 2009, 1(2), 258-68.

Deals with the quantum mechanical study of the molecular structure of two well-known voltage sensitive potassium channel blockers: 4, Aminopyridine and 3, 4 Diaminopyridine. The equilibrium geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies and HOMO-LUMO gap have been calculated by the density functional theory (DFT), employing 6-311++G (2d, 2p) as the basis set. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of 4, aminopyridine and 3, 4 Diaminopyridine in terms of the potential energy distribution (P.E.D) is reported. The similarities and differences between the vibrational spectra of the two molecules studied have been highlighted. The thermodynamic calculations related to the title compounds were also performed at B3LYP/6-311++G (2d, 2p) level of theory.

22 ref

022036   Dwivedi A;Siddiqui S A;Misra N;Kanwal Raj; Prasad O;Sinha L;Mista N (Chemistry Dep, Rize University, Rize 53100, Turkey) : FTIR Spectra and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Lantadene A. Der Pharma Chem 2009, 1(2), 162-9.

The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies of Lantadene A in the ground state have been calculated by Semi-empirical AM1 and PM3 parametrizations. Semi-empirical methods can produce reasonable results on relatively large molecules (near 100s of atoms) in a reasonable amount of time. The experimental frequencies of Lantadene A and the frequencies calculated by AM1 and PM3 methods are nearly the same. Quantum chemical calculations have been carried out to understand the dynamical behaviour of the bioactive molecule Lantadene A.

21 ref

022035   Chopra N;Singh N P;Sharma G (NO, , ) : Comparative study for structure of alkali borate glasses with and without aluminum oxide density measurements. J expl appl Mech 2012, 1(1), (NULL).

This paper reports on density measurements of alkali aluminoborate glass system (xR2O - yAl2O3 - (1 - x - y)B2O3, R = Li, Na where x = 20 or 30 mol% and y = 10 or 15 mol%), correlated with the glass structure. The samples have been prepared by using the melt-quenching technique. The density has been obtained by Archimedes principle using benzene as buoyant. The effect of nature of alkali and its composition with and without alumina is well studied. It is found that number of trigonal and tetrahedral boron units are related to the type of alkali oxide as well as the total concentration of alkali oxide in alkali borate glasses. The addition of aluminum oxide at the cost of borate induces the changes in the structure of glass network which further depends upon aluminum oxide and alkali oxide content

^iiaillus, table, ref

022034   Bhar A;Das S (NO, , ) : The problem involving the quantification of quantum discord. J expl appl Mech 2012, 1(2), (NULL).

Last few years people are concentrating in studying the different aspects of non-locality of quantum mechanics. Many correlation measures have been introduced and well studied. Quantum discord is one of such correlation measure that creates new challenges among the physicists and mathematicians. New quantification of quantum discord is one of the fascinating area. In this paper we study for the investigation of the difficulties in finding the analytic expression of quantum discord.

022033   Amini R;Nizomov Z;Razazi M;Ganiev I N;Obidov Z R (Material Science and Engineering Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Majlesi Branch, Isfahan, Iran, Email: reza.amini@mail.ru) : Temperature dependence of thermodynamic properties of Zn-5Al and Zn-55Al alloys with Magnesium. Oriental J Chem 2012, 28(2), 841-6.

According to cooling law of Newton and studied experimental results, enthalpy, entropy and energy of Gibbs of Zn-5Al and Zn-55Al alloys were achieved and special heat capacity of the alloys with Mg were studied. Experimental research showed that increasing temperature due to increase enthalpy and entropy of Zn-5Al and Zn-55Al original alloys but energy of Gibbs decreases. After 500 K, increasing temperature due to soft increasing entropy. After adding small amounts of Magnesium to the original alloy, it is observed that increasing temperature due to increase the Special heat capacity of them, but about 520-530 K, a transition is observed which is explained by recrystallization of grains.

5 illus, 9 ref

021107   Xie Y;Tang S;Feng D (School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China, Email: xyan@guet.edu.cn) : New exact solutions to the generalized KdV equation with generalized evolution. Pramana J Phys 2012, 78(4), 499-11.

In this paper, by using a transformation and an application of Fan subequation, and study a class of generalized Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation with generalized evolution. As a result, more types of exact solutions to the generalized KdV equation with generalized evolution are obtained, which include more general single-hump solitons, multihump solitons, kink solutions and Jacobian elliptic function solutions with double periods.

3 illus, 12 ref

021106   Valcu A (NO, National Institute of Metrology, Sos. Vitan Barzesti nr. 11, Sect. 4, Bucharest, Romania, Email: adriana.valcu@inm.ro) : Interlaboratory comparison of five standard weights of class F₂ in several Romanian laboratories. MAPAN 2012, 27(3), 183-8.

This paper reports the results of measurements performed on five standard weights of class F₂, by several metrology raboratories throughout Romania. The comparison began in 2009 and concluded in 2010, Mass Laboratory of National Institute of Metrology (INM) acted as pilot laboratory (PL) and reference laboratory (RL) for the programme. Five standard weights of class F₂ (nominal values: 5 kg, 1 kg, 200 g, 100 g and 10 g) were sent to the participants. The laboratory's results are presented for each weight, along with the associated uncertainty declared and the normalized errors of each laboratory, with respect to the INM. The results obtained by the participating laboratories in this theme can be used to validate the measurement capabilities (in the calibration of weights) declared under the quality management systems.

5 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

021105   Valcu A (NO, National Institute of Metrology, Sos. Vitan Barzesti nr. 11, Sect. 4, Bucharest, Romania, Email: adriana.valcu@inm.ro) : Interlaboratory comparison of five standard weights of class F₂ in several romanian laboratories. MAPAN 2012, 27(3), 159-64.

Reports the results of measurements performed on five standard weights of class F₂, by several metrology laboratories throughout Romania. The comparison began in 2009 and concluded in 2010. Mass Laboratory of National Institute of Metrology (INM) acted as pilot laboratory (PL) and reference laboratory (RL) for the programme. Five standard weights of class F₂ (nominal values: 5 kg, 1 kg, 200 g, 100 g and 10 g) were sent to the participants. The laboratory's results are presented for each weight, along with the associated uncertainty and the normalized errors of each laboratory, with respect to the INM. The results obtained by the participating laboratories in this comparison can be used to validate the measurement capabilities (in the calibration of weights) claimed/approved under the quality management systems.

5 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

021104   Upadhyay A;Patel K;Rao B S;Naik P A;Gupta P D (Laser Plasma Div, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore-452 013, Email: ajitup@rrcat.gov.in) : Three-dimensinal dimulation of laser-plasma-based electron acceleration. Pramana J Phys 2012, 78(4), 613-23.

A sequential three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell simulation code PICPSI-3D with a user friendly graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed and used to study the interaction of plasma with ultrahigh intensity laser radiation. A case study of laser-plasma-based electron acceleration has been carried out to assess the performance of this code. Simulations have been performed for a Gaussian laser beam of peak intensity 5 x 10¹⁹ W/cm² propagating through an underdense plasma of uniform density 1 x 10¹⁹ cm^-3, and for a Gaussian laser beam of peak intensity 1.5 x 10¹⁹ W/cm2 propagating through an underdense plasma of uniform density 3.5 x 1019 cm^-3. The electron energy spectrum has been evaluated at different time-steps during the propagation of the laser beam. When the plasma density is 1 x 10¹⁹ cm^-3, simulations show that the electron energy spectrum forms a monoenergetic peak at ~14 MeV, with an energy spread of ±7 MeV. On the other hand, when the plasma density is 3.5 x 10¹⁹ cm^-3, simulations show that the electron energy spectrum forms a monoenergetic peak at ~23 MeV, with an energy spread of ±7.5 MeV.

10 illus, 36 ref

021103   Tyagi N;Srivastava A (Adanced Materials Research Group, Computational Nanoscience and Techno, ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology & Management, Gwalior-474 015, Email: nehatyagi.phd@gmail.com) : Structural and electronic properties of Sn nanostructures. Invertis J Sci Technol 2012, 5(3), 143-6.

Investigated the structural stability and electronic properties of Sn nanocrystals (NC) and nanowires (NW) using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) applied within the framework of density functional theory. The -SN is found to be more stable than -Sn for NC/NW. The ground state properties such as lattice parameter, bulk modulus and pressure derivatives have been calculated for all the nanostructures. The bulk modulus analysis indicates towards the softening of material at reduced dimensions. Interesting results have been observed in the electronic properties of these nanostructures, where -Sn NW is showing semiconducting behavior whereas its NC is metallic in nature.

021102   Tripathi S K;Jain A;Gupta A;Manju Kumari (Physics Dep, Jaypee Engineering and Technology Univ, AB Road, Raghogarh, Guna, Email: sktripathi16@yahoo.com) : Studies on redox supercapacitor using electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole as electrode material using blend polymer gel electrolyte. Indian J pure appl Phys 2013, 51(5), 315-19.

The study on polymer gel electrolyte comprising of poly vinylidene fluoride co-hexafluropropylene (PVdF-HFP)-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-sodium iodide (Nal) with a view to use them as electrolyte material for redox supercapacitor with electrochemically deposited polypyrrole as electrode material has been carried out. The fabricated gel electrolyte shows high ionic conductivity of the order of 1.7x10^-2 S cm^-1 at room temperature with excellent mechanical/dimensional stability. The redox supercapacitor has been characterized using ac impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge tests. The overall capacitance values are found to be 128 mF cm^-2, which is equivalent to single electrode specific capacitance of 514 F g^-1. It corresponds to energy density of 43.0 W h kg^-1 and power density of 4.0 kW kg^-1.

4 illus, 14 ref

021101   Tripathi S K;Gupta A;Jain A;Manju Kumari (Physics Dep, Jaypee Engineering and Technology (JUET) Univ, Raghogarh, Guna, Email: sktripathi16@yahoo.com) : Electrochemical studies on nanocomposite polymer electrolytes. Indian J pure appl Phys 2013, 51(5), 358-61.

The nano composite gel polymer electrolyte comprising of poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP), propylene carbonate (PC) as plasticizer, Mg(ClO₄)₂ as salt and A1₂O₃ as filler has been synthesized using standard solution cast techniques in the present paper. The ac impedance has been studied to evaluate the ionic conductivity of the nanocomposite polymer electrolytes. It was observed that the conductivity increases by increasing the concentration of nano filler up tof 8 wt% and thereafter, it decreases. The maximum conductivity of the electrolyte system was obtained at 8 wt% of the nano filler concentration (Al₂O₃). The temperature dependence conductivity of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte follows an Arrhenius behaviour, which shows hopping of ions in the polymer matrix. The dielectric behaviour of selected systems was also analyzed. The values of dielectric constant, χ_r and dielectric loss, e, increase with temperature in low frequency region, but almost found to be negligible in the high frequency region.

4 illus, 31 ref

021100   Tofighi A (Physics Dep, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, P.O. Box 47416-1467, Babolsar, Iran, Email: A.Tofighi@umz.ac.ir) : Nonlinear fractional relaxation. Pramana J Phys 2012, 78(4), 549-54.

Defines a nonlinear model for fractional relaxation phenomena and use ∈-expansion method to analyse this model. By studying the fundamental solutions of this model authofs find that when t → 0 the model exhibits a fast decay rate and when t → ∞the model exhibits a power-law decay. By analysing the frequency response we find a logarithmic enhancement for the relative ratio of susceptibility.

18 ref

021099   Sunandana C S (School of Physics, Hyderabad Univ, Hyderabad-500 046, Email: sunandana@gmail.com) : Sublattice magic?!-phase transitions in superionics. Indian J pure appl Phys 2013, 51(5), 296-304.

Mobile-ion sublattice formation and instability lead to interesting superionic phase transitions crucial to realization of Ag⁺ and Li⁺ superionic conductors. Superionicity is focused as 'sublattice magic' underscoring the mystery that is fundamentally interesting for further progress. AgCuSe, Ag₃CuS₂ and Li₃DyBr₆ are typical of an emerging breed of new superionics with as interesting physics as Agl and its ternaries. Mechanochemical reaction of Ag,Cu and I has given a facile new fabrication technology to investigate phase transitions by novel techniques such as EPR and electronic conductivity. HTXRD of Agl-Cul system has helped to investigate the phase diagram which has shown features including extended stability of γ-Agl and suppression of diffuse scattering in α-Agl. LiFePO₄ made from a novel non-aqueous sol-gel technology is Fe³⁺ and enable para-antiferromagnetic phase transition to be investigated. Plasmon-exciton transition-a novel quasi-particle transition in iodized Ag thin films has promise for Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensing and iodine detection.

7 illus, 32 ref

021098   Singh R S;Mishra L K (Physics Dep, Magadh Univ, Bodh Gaya-824 234, Email: muphysicslkm@gmail.com) : Evaluation of radial distribution function g (r) of two-dimensional liquid <. Int J chem Sci 2012, 10(1), 420-8.

Using theoretical formalism of Chung-In Um et al. the radial distribution function g (r) for two-dimensional liquid "He interacting with Aziz potential has been evaluated for various densities. Our theoretical result indicates that g (r) increases with r and attains some maximum value and then becomes almost constant. Our theoretical results are good agreement with other workers.

1 table, 20 ref

021097   Singh K N;Bajpai P K (Advance Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Pure & Applied Ph, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur-495 009, Email: knsingh.gyv@gmail.com) : Dielectric relaxation in (Sr_0.5Ca_0.5) Nb₂O₆ solid-solution. Invertis J Sci Technol 2012, 5(3), 157-61.

Controlling the cooling rate during calcinations and sintering temperature have prepared (Sr_0.5Ca_0.5) Nb₂O₆ by simple solid state reaction route. Material calcined at 1250°C and sintered at 1300°C gives pure phase in orthorhombic structure with lattice parameters a=7.4499A°b=7.5717A°, c=20.2322A° as revealed from X-ray diffraction study. Density of material is (<62>95%) that of theoretical value. The temperature dependent dielectric response shows a peak at temperature 325°C. Dielectric analysis reveals the effect of space charge polarization and or conducting ion motion. The dielectric dispersion observed in loss spectrum which may be due to the increase in ionic conductivity resulting from the disorder ring of the mobile cations in the oxygen octahedral skeleton. The Arrhenius nature of the loss peak is observed with estimated activation energy ≈0.16 eV.

021096   Singh A;Khokhr M S K (Pure & Applied Physics Dep, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur-495 001, Email: singh.alka18@gmail.com) : Structural phase transitions in HgSe_1-xTe_xAlloy at High Pressure. Invertis J Sci Technol 2012, 5(3), 123-6.

Analyzed the pressure induced phase transition and mechanical properties of HgSe1-xTexalloy by usingthree-body force potential model, which includes the long range as well as short range interactions, whereColoumb and three body interactions are the contents of long range part and the van der Waals interactions and the Hafemeister and Flygare type overlap repulsive interactions makes the short range part. The calculated transition pressure are 9.55, 10.76, 11.97, 13.18, 14.39 and 15.6 GPa for HgSe, HgSe_0.8Te_0.0, HgSe_0.6Te_0.2,HgSe_0.4Te_0.4, HgSe_0.2Te_0.6, HgSe_0.0Te_0.8, HgTe compounds respectively. Under compression, the calculation shows that the transition pressure increases as we increase the Te composition in HgSe.

021095   Sharma U S;Rashmi Shah;Chetan Pathak; (RJIT, BSF Tekanpur, , Gwalior-475m005, Email: umashankar_rjit@yahoo.co,in ) : Effect of nitrogen impurity on electronic and optical properties of (9,0) CNT. Invertis J Sci Technol 2012, 5(3), 167-70.

In the present work, calculations of electronic and optical properties has been performed for (9,0) zig-zagcarbon nanotubes with containing nitrogen impurity in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) using SIESTA Code. It is found that the electronic structures of the doped carbon nanotubes are different. The nitrogen in the nanotubes changes the chemical behavior of the nanotubes. The reactivity of these tubes can be estimated more reactive than undoped CNTs. The electronic properties of the CNTs have been changed and it becomes metallic after adding the nitrogen impurity.

021094   Sharma P;Kanchan D K;Gondaliya N;Jayswal M; Joge P (Physics Dep, Faculty of Science, M S Baroda Univ, Vadodara-390 002, Email: dkkanchan.ssi@gmail.com) : Influence of nano filler on conductivity in PEO-PMMA-AgNO₃ polymer blend. Indian J pure appl Phys 2013, 51(5), 346-9.

The electrical conductivity of plasticized PEO-PMMA-AgNO₃ polymer blend films with different concentrations of nano-filler (Al₂O₃) has been studied. The polymer electrolyte films have been prepared by solution cast technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Electrical properties of polymer films have been investigated by using complex impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 2 MHz-100 Hz from 303 to 373 K. The variation of ionic conductivity with nano-filler concentration is discussed.

5 illus, 24 ref

021093   Sametoglu F;Celikel O (Tubitak-Ulusal Metroloji Enstitusu (Tubitak Ume), Tubitak gebze Yerleskesi, P.O. Box 54, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey, Email: ferhat.sametoglu@ume.tubitak.gov.tr) : Design details of multi-functional color analyzer for reflective, transmittive and emittive surfaces. MAPAN 2012, 27(3), 149-58.

Multi-functional color analyzer instrument (MFCA) capable to measure reflective, transmittive and emittive surfaces is designed at TUBITAK UME Optics Group Laboratories. MFCA is composed of a novel designed optical light source based on mixture of spectral power distributions (SPDs) of two light emitting diodes (LEDs), a custom-made integrating sphere capable of meeting standard measurement conditions of 0°:d, 8°:d, and 0°:45°, two color detectors with different field-of-views which are designed to measure reflective or transmittive and emittive surfaces separately, self-designed three-channel transimpedance amplifiers having gain selection switches from 1 x 10⁶ to 5 x 10⁹ and a color evaluation software written on Lab View 8.0. The linearity and color measurement performance at each measurement geometry of the designed instrument are characterized by using neutral density filters and a standard telespectroradiometer. Design details of MFCA and characterization results are presented herein.

7 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

021092   Ravi M;Bhavani S;Pavani V;Narasimha Rao V V R (Physics Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati-517 502, Email: m.raviphd@gmail.com) : Investigation on electrical and dielectric properties of PVP:KCLO₄ polymer electrolyte films. Indian J pure appl Phys 2013, 51(5), 362-6.

Solid polymer electrolyte based on poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) complexed with different weight per cent ratios of KC1O₄ salt was prepared using solution cast technique. The complexation of the salt with polymer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy studies. Electrical conductivity was measured with ac impedance analyzer in the frequency and temperature range 1 Hz-1 MHz and 303 K-373 K, respectively. It was observed that the magnitude of conductivity has increased with the increase in the salt concentration as well as the temperature. The variation of ac conductivity with frequency obeys Jonscher power law. The dynamical aspects of electrical transport process in the polymer electrolyte were analyzed using complex electric modulus. The modulus spectra reveal the non-Debye nature of the material.

6 illus, 15 ref

021091   Rathore M;Dalvi A (Physics Dep, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333 031, Email: adalvi@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in) : Electrical transport in Li₂SO₄-Li₂O-B₂O₃ glass-ceramic composites. Indian J pure appl Phys 2013, 51(5), 372-5.

Lithium ion conducting glass-ceramic composites have been synthesized in Li₂SO₄-Li₂O-B2O3 system by annealing the glass above its crystallization temperature. The electrical, structural and thermal characterization of these glass-ceramics reveals interesting results. The conductivity of the glass-ceramic increases with Li2SO₄ content and exhibits a maximum of <126> 10^-4 at 200°C interestingly for a composition lLi₂SO₄-99(0.67Li2O-0.33B2O3). The glass-ceramic samples are found to be thermally more stable than those of the glassy samples.

6 illus, 17 ref

021090   Rathore D;Kurchania R;Pandey R K (Physics Dep, Barkatullah University, Bhopal-462 026, Email: rkurchania@gmail.com ) : Synthesis and characterization of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles grown by chemical co-precipitation method. Invertis J Sci Technol 2012, 5(3), 132-137.

Magnetic nanoparticles of spinel ferrites are of great interest in fund amental science, especially for addressing the relationships between magnetic properties and their crystal chemistry and structure. Magnetic nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite have been synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method at different temperatures. The mixture of the metallic salts (Co(II)/Fe(II)) in the stoichiometric molar ratio 1:2 were dissolved in water at a pH of 11 maintained using NaOH. The dark brown precipitate as formed was washed, dried at room temperature and heat-treated at 200°C for 2hr in air. The structural properties of the samples were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and rietveld refinement. XRD analysis revealed the nanocrystalline nature of the as prepared ferrite samples and confirmed the formation of single phase cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in the range 15-29 nm depending on the reaction temperature. FTIR was used to confirm attachment of the functional groups. The magnetic properties were studied using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The structure, composition and crystallinity of the cobalt ferrite noparticles were further examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

021089   Punde J D;Khandale A P;Bhoga S S (Physics Dep, RTM Nagpur Univ, Nagpur-440 033, Email: msrl.physics1@gmail.com) : Effect of Sr doping on strucal, electrical and elctrochemical properties of Nd_2-xSr_xNiO_4+δ mixed ionic-electronic conductors. Indian J pure appl Phys 2013, 51(5), 376-80.

The Nd_2-xSr_xNiO_4+δ (x = 0.2 and 0.4) solid solutions prepared by combustion synthesis are of submicron/superfine crystallites size. The linear variation in dc conductivity with oxygen partial pressure around Nd_1.6Sro_0.4NiO_4+δ is understood on the basis of defect chemistry. The electrochemical properties of the cathode material, studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, reveal area specific resistance (ASR) = 0.84 ohm cm² at 973 K. The charge transfer process in cathode and across cathode-electrolyte interface is the rate limiting reaction.

5 illus, 20 ref

021088   Pradhan S;Behera R;Das A K (Laser and Plasma Technology Div, , Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, Email: spradhan@barc.gov.in) : Magnetic field modulatin spectroscopy of rubidium atoms. Pramana J Phys 2012, 78(4), 585-94.

Magnetically modulated saturation absorption profile is studied for a wide range of external DC magnetic field. The salient features of Doppler-free signal generated by laser frequency modulation and atomic energy level modulation are compared. The DC offset of the signal profile is found to be unstable as the external DC magnetic field is changed. The technical difficulty of tuning laser frequency under locked condition over a large frequency span is discussed along with possible solutions.

7 illus, 17 ref

021087   Potukuchi P N;Amit Roy (NO, Inter-University Accelerator Cente, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110 067, Email: prakash@iuac.res.in) : Design of a superconducting low beta niobium resonator. Pramana J Phys 2012, 78(4), 565-84.

Proposed high current injector for the superconducting Linac at the Inter-University Accelerator Centre will have several accelerating structures, including a superconducting module which will contain low beta niobium resonators. A prototype resonator for the low beta module has been designed. The resonator has been carefully modelled to optimize the electromagnetic parameters. In order to validate them, a room-temperature copper model has been built and tested. In this paper we present details of the electromagnetic design of the low beta resonator, briefly discuss the mechanical and engineering design, and present results from the measurements on the room-temperature copper model.

18 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref

021086   Narender A;Hussain K A;Sathaiah G (Physics Dep, Kakatiaya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: arrollanarender@gmail.com) : Dielectric relaxation behaviour of acrylonitrile and ethyl methacrylate (AN+EMA) copolymers. Int J chem Sci 2012, 10(1), 579-85.

Acrylonitrile based copolymers have a variety of industrial applications and attracted the attention of material researchers with increasing interest in recent years to study their electrical properties with respect to their homopolymers. The dielectric relaxation studies as a function of temperature and frequency of the applied field reveal the information about the nature of segmental motion in polymer chain. Radiation induced copolymerization of acrylonitrile with ethyl methacrylate (0.5 : 0.5 composition) was carried out in the aqueous medium at room temperature. The copolymer was characterized employing IR, ¹H NMR and thermal studies (DSC). A systematic measurement of dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (tan 8) were made as a function of frequency in the range 100 H; 100 KHz and as a function of temperature in the range from room temperature to 180°C. Two types of relaxation peaks were observed above the glass transition temperature (T_g) and below the glass transition temperature of the copolymer. The peaks correspond to β and α relaxation respectively.

5 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

021085   Mondal J;Ciovti G;Mittal K C;Myneni G R (Accelerator and Pulse Power Div, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Teombay, Bombai-400 085, Email: jmondal@brc.gov.in) : Thermal conductivity of large-grain niobium and its effect on trapped vortices in the temperature range 1.8-5 K. Pramana J Phys 2012, 78(4), 635-49.

Experimental investigation of the thermal conductivity of large grain and its dependence on the trapped vortices in parallel magnetic field with respect to the temperature gradient was carried out on four large-grain niobium samples from four different ingots. The zero-field thermal conductivity measurements are in good agreement with the measurements based on the theory of Bardeen-Rickayzen-Tewordt (BRT). The change in thermal conductivity with trapped vortices is analysed with the field dependence of the conductivity results of Vinen et al for low inductions and low-temperature situation. Finally, the dependence of thermal conductivity on the applied magnetic field in the vicinity of the upper critical field H_c2 is fitted with the theory of pure type-II superconductor of Houghton and Maki. Initial remnant magnetization in the sample shows a departure from the Houghton-Maki curve whereas the sample with zero trapped flux qualitatively agrees with the theory. A qualitative discussion is presented explaining the reason for such deviation from the theory. It has also been observed that if the sample with the trapped vortices is cycled through T_c, the subsequent measurement of the thermal conductivity coincides with the zero trapped flux results.

12 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref