001186   Yogesha;Bhattacharya S;Rabinal M K; Ananthamurthy S (Physics Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore-560 056, Email: asharath@gmail.com) : Optical tweezer-based study of antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(4), 529-32.

Understanding and characterizing microbial activity reduction in the presence of antimicrobial agents can help in the design and manufacture of antimicrobial drugs. We demonstrate the use of an optical tweezer setup in recording the changes in bacterial activity with time, induced by the presence of foreign bodies in a bacterial suspension. This is achieved by monitoring the fluctuations of an optically trapped polystyrene bead immersed in it. Examining the changes in the fluctuation pattern of the bead with time provides an accurate characterization of the reduction in the microbial activity. Here, we report on the effect of addition of silver nanoparticles on bacterial cultures of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. We observe a decrease in the bacterial activity with time for the investigated bacterial samples. This method in our opinion, enables one to track changes in bacterial activity levels as a function of time of contact with the antibacterial agent with greater efficacy than traditional cell counting methods.

4 illus, 10 ref

001185   Suguna K;Thenmozhi M;Sekar C (Bioelectronics and Biosensors Dep, Alagappa Univ, Karaikudi-630 003, Email: Sekar2025@gmail.com) : Growth, spectral, structural and mechanical properties of struvite crystal grown in presence of sodium fluoride. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(4), 701-6.

Struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MAP) is one of the components of urinary stone. Struvite stones are commonly found in women. It forms in human beings as a result of urinary tract infection with urea splitting organisms. These stones can grow rapidly forming "staghorn-calculi", which is a painful urologi-cal disorder. Therefore, it is of prime importance to study the growth and inhibition of struvite crystals. The growth inhibition effect of struvite crystals in sodium metasilicate (SMS) gel in the presence of sodium fluoride has been carried out. Crystals obtained have been analysed by powder and single crystal XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR and TG-DTA. The results show that the presence of fluoride significantly affects struvite crystal growth and the characteristics of the crystallites produced. The mechanical property of the grown crystals has been investigated by Vickers micro-hardness testing. Work hardening coefficient was found to be <62> 1-6 for both pure and doped samples which suggests that the crystal belongs to the family of soft material. Presence of sodium fluoride further softened the crystal.

9 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

001184   Stambolova I;Blaskov V;Vassilev S;Shipochka M;Loukanov A (NO, Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, Email: stambolova@yahoo.com) : Effect of substrate type, dopant and thermal treatment on physicochemical properties of TiO₂-SnO₂ sol-gel films. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(4), 645-9.

Thin nanocrystalline TiO₂-SnO₂ films (0-50 mol% SnO₂) were prepared on quartz and stainless steel substrates by sol-gel coating method. The obtained films were investigated by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and XPS. The size of the nanocrystallites was determined by XRD-LB measurements. We ascertained that the increase of treatment temperature and concentration of SnO₂ in the films favour the crystallization of rutile phase. The substrate type influences more substantially the phase composition of the TiO₂-SnO₂ films. It was established that a penetration of elements took place from the substrate into the films. TiO₂ films deposited on quartz substrate include a Si which stabilizes anatase phase up to 600°C. The films which are deposited on stainless steel substrate and treated at 700 °C show the presence of significant quantity of rutile phase. This phenomenon could be explained by the combined effect of Sn dopant as well as Fe and Cr, which also are penetrated in the films from the steel substrate. The titania films doped up to 10 mol% SnO₂ on stainless steel possess only 12-17 nm anatase crystallites, whereas the TiO2-(10-50 mol%) SnO₂ films contain very fine grain rutile phase (4 nm).

6 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

001183   Solomon S (Physics Dep, St. John's College, Anchal-691 306, Email: samdmrl@yahoo.com) : Behaviour of LaAlO₃+LnTiTaO₆ (Ln= Ce, Pr of Nd) dielectric ceramic mixtures. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(5), 781-5.

The 0.1LaAlO₃+0.9LnTiTaO₆ (Ln= Ce, Pr or Nd) ceramics are prepared through solid state ceramic route. The structure of the materials is studied using X-ray diffraction analysis. The microstructure is analysed using scanning electron microscopy. The dielectric properties in the radio as well as in the microwave frequencies are measured and discussed. The photoluminescence of a representative sample is also analysed. The dielectric constant (ε_r) and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_F) are tailored without appreciable change in the quality factor. The measured values of ε_r and τ_f are compared with the corresponding predicted values. These mixtures can be made useful in optical and microwave communication.

6 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

001182   Singh B P;Chandra H;Shyam R;Singh A (Physics Dep, Institute of Basic Sciences, Khandari, Agra-2282 002, Email: drbpd.ibs@gmail.com) : Analysis of volume expansion data for periclase, lime, corundum and spinel at high temperatures. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(4), 631-7.

Presented an analysis of the volume expansion data for periclase (MgO), lime (CaO), corundum (A1₂O₃) and spinel (MgAl₂O₄) determined experimentally by Fiquet et al (1999) from 300K up to 3000K. The thermal equation of state due to Suzuki et al (1979) and Shanker et al (1997) are used to study the relationships between thermal pressure and volume expansion for the entire range of temperatures starting from room temperature up to the melting temperatures of the solids under study. Comparison of the results obtained in the present study with the corresponding experimental data reveal that the thermal pressure changes with temperature almost linearly up to quite high temperatures. At extremely high temperatures close to the melting temperatures thermal pressure deviates significantly from linearity. This prediction is consistent with other recent investigations. A quantitative analysis based on the theory of anharmonic effects has been presented to account for the nonlinear variation of the thermal pressure at high temperatures.

4 illus, 5 tables, 21 ref

001181   Sanchez-Vergara M E;Garcia-Montalvo V; Santoyo-Salazar J;Fragoso-Soriano R J;Jimenez-Sandoval O (Facultad de Ingenieria, Anahuac Mexico Norte Univ, Avenida Anahuac 46 Univ, Col. Lomas Anahuac, Huixquilucan, Estado de Mexico 52786, Mexico, Email: elena,sanchez@anahuac.mx) : Synthesis and characterization of NiPcTSTNa(L) thin films. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(5), 759-66.

NiPcTSTNa(L) [L = ethylenediamine (EDA); 1,4-diaminobutane (BDA); and 2,6-diamineanthraquinone (AqDA)] thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation. Their surface morphology was studied by AFM and SEM, and their chemical composition determined by EDS. Optical absorption studies of NiPcTSTNa(L) films were performed in the 200-1150 nm wavelength range. The optical bandgap of thin films was determined from the (α/hv)^1/2 vs hv plots for indirect allowed transitions. The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity shows a semiconducting behaviour. The amorphous semiconductor films show thermal activation energies of electrical conduction between 3.3 and 3.7 eV.

6 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

001180   Porsezian K;Joseph A (Physics Dep, Pondicherry Univ, Pondicherry-605 014, Email: ponzsol@gmail.com) : New era of exotic electromagnetism. Resonance 2012, 17(2), 163-76.

Nature has its own limits and naturally-occurring materials exhibit restricted electromagnetic properties bound within those limits. However, modern day researchers have developed artificially structured material composites, called 'metama-terials', that possess significant potential to provide electromagnetic properties that are quite unusual and are not found in nature. This article is aimed at giving an introductory review of this class of 'designer materials' and their superior properties that are not present in their constituent components.

6 illus, 6 ref

001179   Padmavathi C;Upadhyaya A;Agrawal D (Materials Science and Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016, Email: padmavathi.chandran@gmail.com) : Effect of sintering temperature and heating mode on consolidation of Al-7Zn-2.5Mg-1Cu aluminum alloy. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(5), 823-32.

Densification behaviour, phase transformation, microstructural evolution and hardness values of microwave sintered Al-7Zn-2.5Mg-1Cu (7775) aluminum alloy were investigated and compared with conventionally sintered samples. Microwave sintering was performed in 2.45 GHz multimode microwave furnace at temperatures ranging from 570-630 °C. Microwave sintering at a heating rate of as high as 22°C/min resulted in <126>55% reduction of processing time as compared to conventional sintering. A lower sintered density observed in the case of microwave processed samples was attributed to the inhomogeneity in microstructure and phase distribution. The X-ray diffraction results of conventionally sintered samples showed the presence of MgZn2, Mg2Zn₁₁ and CuMgAl₂ while only MgZn2 and CuMgAl₂ phases were found in the case of microwave sintered samples and in lesser amount. Higher hardness and high standard deviation values were noticed for microwave sintered samples as compared to conventional counterparts.

13 illus, 4 tables, 41 ref

001178   Nath A K;Medhi N (Physics Dep, Sri Venkateswara College Delhi Univ, New Delhi-110 021, Email: anup.tu@gmail.com) : Density variation and piezoelectric properties of Ba(Ti_1-xSn_x)O₃ ceramics prepared from nanocrystalline powders. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(5), 847-52.

Nanocrystalline powders of tin-doped barium titanate with different concentrations of tin have been synthesized by a combination of solid state reaction and high-energy ball milling. The average particle size of the milled powders as determined from TEM analysis was about 5.96 nm. Analysis of all the milled powders using X-ray diffraction method showed single phase perovskite structure. The density variation of the ceramics with sintering temperature has been studied by sintering the samples at different temperatures. Density variation results show that 1350° C is the optimum sintering temperature for tin-doped barium titanate ceramics. SEM micrographs show high density and increasing trend of grain size with increasing content of Sn. The ferroelectricity decreases with increasing concentration of Sn. The electromechanical coupling coefficient also decreases with increasing Sn content corroborating decreasing trend of ferroelectricity. The bipolar strain curves show piezoelectric properties of the prepared ceramics.

11 illus, 16 ref

001177   Nagabhushana M;Nagabushan E;JayaPrakash D; Rajam B;Yadaiah K (Physics Dep, College of Science Univ, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: enaaaga@yahoo.com) : Growth, characterization and transport properties of Pb_xZn_1-xS mixed crystals. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(4), 623-9.

The polycrystalline Pb_x Zn_1-x S semiconductor powder with (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) has been prepared by controlled co-precipitation method from an alkaline medium using thiourea as a sulphide ion source. Pellets are made with these powders applying 10 ton/sq cm pressure and sintered at 800 °C for 2 h in nitrogen atmosphere. X-ray studies of these samples have indicated that the compounds are polycrystalline in nature with mixed hexagonal and cubic structure of ZnS and cubic structure of PbS. Lattice parameters (a and c) of all the compounds are determined from the X-ray data and are found to decrease non-linearly with increase in Pb concentration (x). It is also observed that the grain size of the crystallites increases in samples with x = 0-0.5. Scanning electron micrographs have shown that both cubic and hexagonal crystallites are present in the mixed crystals. The electrical conductivity in Pb_x.Zn_1-x S is found to decrease with increase in composition (x = 0-0.5), whereas it increases at all temperatures in all samples. Mobility of charge carrier concentration is found to increase with increasing temperature. The increase in carrier mobility in Pb_xZn_1-x S samples may be due to reduced grain boundary potential. In Pb_xZn-_1-xS samples with x = 0-0.3, sum of the activation energy due to charge carriers and grain boundary potential is equal to the activation energy due to conductivity.

8 illus, 16 ref

001176   Mondal S;Mitra P (Physics Dep, Burdwan Univ, Burdwan-713 104, Email: mitrapartha1@rediffmail.com) : Preparation of cadmium-doped ZnO thin films by SILAR and their characterization. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(5), 751-7.

Cadmium-doped zinc oxide (Cd : ZnO) thin films were deposited from sodium zincate bath following a chemical dipping technique called successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction reveals that polycrystalline nature of the films increases with increasing cadmium incorporation. Particle size evaluated using X-ray line broadening analysis shows decreasing trend with increasing cadmium impurification. The average particle size for pure ZnO is 36.73 nm and it reduces to 29.9 nm for 10% Cd:ZnO, neglecting strain broadening. The strong preferred c-axis orientation is lost due to cadmium doping and degree of polycrystallinity of the films also increases with increasing Cd incorporation. Incorporation of cadmium was confirmed from elemental analysis using EDX. The optical bandgap of the films decreases with increasing Cd dopant. The value of fundamental absorption edge is 3.18 eV for pure ZnO and it decreases to 3.11 eV for 10% Cd:ZnO.

6 illus, 35 ref

001175   Mallesh K S;Chaturvedi S;Simon R;Mukunda N (Studies in Physics Dep, Mysore Univ, Manasgangotri, Mysore-570 006, Email: mallesh@physics.unimysore.ac.in) : States of physical systems in classical and quantum mechanics. Resonance 2012, 17(1), 53-75.

Discusses the descriptions of states of physical systems in classical and quantum mechanics and show that while it is possible to evolve a terminology common to both, the differences in the underlying mathematical structures lead to significant points of departure between the two descriptions both at mathematical and conceptual levels. Analyse the state spaces associated with physical systems described by two and three dimensional complex Hilbert spaces in considerable detail to illustrate how subtle this question can in general be and also highlight the role the Bargmann invariants play in the passage from the Hilbert space to the ray space, the space of states in quantum mechanics, and also in the context of Wigner's theorem on symmetries in quantum mechanics where they originally appeared.

2 illus, 5 ref

001174   Madhusudhana Rao C V;Prasad G (Physics Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 004, Email: gudurup@osmania.ac.in) : Characterization of piezoelectric polymer composites for MEMS devices. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(4), 579-84.

Composite piezoelectric ceramics are important materials for transducer applications in medical diagnostic devices and MEMS devices. In micrometer scale the material properties of piezopolymers or piezoceramics do not coincide with that of bulk materials. The present work is aimed at simulating the material properties of piezoceramics and piezo-polymer composite thin films in the micrometer scale and then to determine the piezo-composite material properties. Piezoceramics have very high electromechanical coupling coefficient (k). But they have very high acoustic impedance and they are very brittle especially when thin films are fabricated. Piezopolymer like PVDF has low acoustic impedance and can be fabricated into thin films but it has very low k value and high dielectric losses. The combination of piezoceramics and piezopolymers form the piezocomposites, which have suitable material properties for transducer applications. The composites can have different connectivities. For 2-2 composite, we can select two layers or a stack of PZT and PVDF layers. It is intended to determine the material properties both analytically and by simulation using computer simulation ANSYS software which implements finite element method (FEM). Although the simulation process presents approximate results, it can be verified from the large available experimental data from the literature with the simulated data.

8 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

001173   Liu Z J;Sun X W;Zhang C R;Hu J B;Cai L C;Chen Q F (Physics Dep, Lanzhou City Univ, Lanzhou-730 070, China, Email: liuzj2000@126.com) : High-pressure physical properties of magnesium silicate post-perovskite from ab initio calculations. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(4), 665-72.

The structure, thermodynamic and elastic properties of magnesium silicate (MgSiO₃) post-perovskite at high pressure are investigated with quasi-harmonic Debye model and ab initio method based on the density functional theory (DFT). The calculated structural parameters of MgSiO₃ post-perovskite are consistent with the available experimental results and the recent theoretical results. The Debye temperature, heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient at high pressures and temperatures are predicted using the quasi-harmonic Debye model. The elastic constants are calculated using stress-strain relations. A complete elastic tensor of MgSiO₃ post-perovskite is determined in the wide pressure range. The calculated elastic anisotropic factors and directional bulk modulus show that MgSiO₃ post-perovskite possesses high elastic anisotropy.

6 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref

001172   Lin C;Jiexin C;Cong W;Ping C;De'an P;Volinsky A A (Materials Physics Dep, Science and Technology Beijing Univ, Baijing-100 083, China, Email: lincaoustb@yahoo.com.cn) : Anti-tumor activity of self-charged (Eu,Ca): WO₃ and Eu:CaWO₄ nanoparticle. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(5), 767-72.

Non-stoichiometric (Eu,Ca):WO₃ and Eu:CaWO₄ nanoparticles with anti-tumor activity are synthesized in a sol-gel method by adding excessive Eu³⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions to tungsten oxide crystal structure. Colorimetric assay shows that 10 nm (Eu,Ca):WO₃ and Eu:CaWO₄ nanoparticles can effectively inhibit growth of mammary cancer cells without any harm to normal cells. Nanoparticles are characterized by X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence optical spectrometry. Nanomaterials, insoluble in synthesized water, have complicated self-charging surfaces that trap mammary cancer cells. Surface self-charging effect is suggested as the inhibition mechanism.

10 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

001171   Jamil M;Ahmad F;Rhee J T;Jeon Y J (International Studies Div, College Univ, Konkuk Univ, Seoul-143 701, Korea, Email: yjjeon@konkuk.ac.kr) : Nanoparticle-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display. Curr Sci 2012, 101(12), 1544-52.

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) represent an important new class of materials for optical device applications. Their valuable advantages such as low operating voltage, high contrast ratio, requiring no extra optical elements (i.e. polarizer), quick electro-optical response, no leakage of materials, simple fabrication, low-cost production and ease of processing make them more popular over other display technologies. Among them, the nanomaterials-doped PDLCs are observed to have superior performance relative to conventional PDLCs materials due to their improved contrast ratio and time response. The present article gives an overview of the various recent approaches involving nanoparticle-doped PDLC techniques which are suitable for the low operating voltage of PDLC, off-axis haze improvement of PDLC, their quick time response, liquid crystal alignment with polymers in PDLC as well as increase in the refractive index. The merits, the various applications in such nanoparticle-doped PDLC display devices, and the advances made in this technology are reviewed.

5 illus, 2 tables, 62 ref

001170   Gupta S K;Luthra V;Singh R (NO, National Physical Laboratory (Council of Scientific and Industrial Res, Dr KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi-110 012, Email: skgupta@mail.nplindia.org) : Electrical transport and EPR investigations: a comparative study for d.c. conduction mechanism in monovalent and multivalent ions doped polyaniline. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(5), 787-94.

Detailed comparative study of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in conjunction with d.c. electrical conductivity has been undertaken to know about the charge transport mechanism in polyaniline (PANI) doped with monovalent and multivalent protonic acids. This work is in continuation of our previous work for further understanding the conduction mechanism in conducting polymers. The results reveal that the polarons and bipo-larons are the main charge carriers formed during doping process and these cause increase in electrical conductivity not only by increase in their concentration but also because of their enhanced mobility due to increased inter-chain transport in polyaniline at high doping levels. EPR line asymmetry having Dysonian line shape for highly doped samples shows a marked deviation of amplitudes A/B ratio from values close to one to much high values as usually observed in metals, thereby support the idea of high conductivity at higher doping levels. The nature of dopant ions and their doping levels control the charge carriers concentration as well as electrical conductivity of polyaniline. The electrical conductivity has also been studied as a function of temperature to know the thermally assisted transport process of these charge carriers at different doping levels which has been found to follow the Mott's variable range hopping (VRH) conduction model for all the three dopants used. The charge carriers show a change over from 3D VRH to quasi 1D VRH hopping process for multivalent ions at higher doping levels whereas 1D VRH has been followed by monovalent ion for full doping range. These studies collectively give evidence of inter-chain percolation at higher doping levels causing increase in effective mobility of the charge carriers which mainly seems to govern the electrical conduction behaviour in this system.

6 illus, 1 table, 39 ref

001169   Gupta R;Kulkarni G U (Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, DST Unit on Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientif, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore-560 064, Email: kulkarni@jncasr.ac.in) : Pd grating obtained by direct micromolding for use in high resolution optical diffraction based sensing. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(5), 773-9.

Pd grating patterns have been fabricated using the process of micromolding in capillary employing a Pd alkanethiolate precursor, which could be converted to metal in situ by thermolysis. Thus generated Pd grating were uniform in width (<126>950 nm) and spacing (<126>450 nm) over millimeter square areas on glass substrates. Importantly, the pattern when used as an optical grating produced a diffraction pattern with a high resolution (>2000); the intensities of widely separated (diffraction angle, <126>26.8°) diffracted spots could be measured using a simple photodiode. By varying the concentration of Pd precursor (2 mM to 25 mM), thickness of the resulting gratings could be adjusted in the range of <126>15-115 nm. By adjusting the grating parameters optimally, a maximum diffraction efficiency of 36% has been achieved. Thus fabricated Pd grating was used as seed catalyst to deposit Cu by electroless plating. The Cu deposition process has also been monitored by employing AFM, SEM and EDS analysis. The diffraction efficiency values corroborate well with the changes in the grating thickness due to Cu deposition. The grating structures presented can be reproducibly fabricated for rapidly emerging optical diffraction based sensing applications. This has been demonstrated in the case of aqueous Cu²⁺ by depositing the latter electrolessly on Pd.

7 illus, 28 ref

001168   George L T;Sudheesh C;Lakshmibala S; Balakrishnan V (NO, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore-560 080, Email: slbala@physics.iitm.ac.in) : Ehrenfest's theorem and nonclassical states of light dynamics of nonclassical states of light. Resonance 2012, 17(2), 192-211.

The states of radiation of a single frequency and polarization propagating in free space are very conveniently represented by those of a quantum mechanical simple harmonic oscillator. This fact is exploited, together with the Ehrenfest theorem, to map the time evolution of the radiation to the dynamics of the oscillator. This enables a graphical comparison of the behaviour of classi-cal and nonclassical states of radiation.

3 illus, 2 ref

001167   Chandel M K;Singh D P (Physics Dep, B.M. College of Technology & Management, Farrukhnagar, Gurgaon, Haryana) : Pitch angle diffusion of energetic electrons by elf whistlet mode wave considering mid latitudes. Int J Sci Engng Comput Technol 2013, 3(1-2), 7-13.

Wave particle interaction between elf waves and cyclotron resonant electrons has been studied & pitch angle diffusion is calculated at different pitch angles and consider L-values of mid latitudes (2.0, 2.4, and 3.0). The diffusive equilibrium ionospheric model has been considered and theory of Summer et al (2007) has been extended and find that high pitch angles are more efficient to precipitate resonant electrons into the lower ionosphere. In the same way the high frequency waves are more able to diffuse cyclotron resonant electron into the loss cone. The results are in agreement with experimental values.

10 illus, 23 ref

001166   Brahma R;Ghanashyam Krishna M (School of Physics, Hyderabad Univ Central Univ, PO, Hyderabad-500 046, Email: mgksp@uohyd.ernet.in) : Interface controlled growth of nanostructures in discontinuous Ag and Au thin films fabricated by ion beam sputter deposition for plasmonic applications. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(4), 551-60.

The growth of discontinuous thin films of Ag and Au by low energy ion beam sputter deposition is reported. The study focuses on the role of the film-substrate in determining the shape and size of nanostructures achieved in such films. Ag films were deposited using Ar ion energy of 150 eV while the Au films were deposited with Ar ion energies of 250-450 eV. Three types of interfaces were investigated in this study. The first set of film-substrate interfaces consisted of Ag and Au films grown on borosilicate glass and carbon coated Cu grids used as substrates. The second set of films was metallic bilayers in which one of the metals (Ag or Au) was grown on a continuous film of the other metal (Au or Ag). The third set of interfaces comprised of discontinuous Ag and Au films deposited on different dielectrics such as SiO₂, TiO₂ and ZrO₂. In each case, a rich variety of nanostructures including self organized arrays of nanoparticles, nanoclusters and nanoneedles have been achieved. The role of the film-substrate interface is discussed within the framework of existing theories of thin film nucleation and growth. Interfacial nano-structuring of thin films is demonstrated to be a viable technique to realize a variety of nanostructures. The use of interfacial nanostructuring for plasmonic applications is demonstrated. It is shown that the surface Plasmon resonance of the metal nanostructures can be tuned over a wide range of wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm by controlling the film-substrate interface.

9 illus, 27 ref

001165   Adelifard M;Eshghi H;Mohagheghi M M B (Physics Dep, Shahrood Technology Univ, Shahrood 316-36155, Iran, Email: adelifard_86@yahoo.com) : Comparative studies of spray pyrolysis deposited copper sulfide nanostructural thin films on glass and FTO coated glass. Bull Mater Sci 2012, 35(5), 739-44.

Cu_xS thin films with different Cu to S molar ratios (0.33 and 0.43) have been deposited by spray pyro-lysis method on glass and FTO coated glass substrates using an aqueous solution of copper (II) acetate and thiourea at a substrate temperature of 285° C. The structural, surface morphological, optical and electrical characterizations of the samples were carried out using XRD, FESEM, UV-Vis and PL spectrophotometer and four-probe apparatus, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that while the layer/glass sample has an individual CuS (covellite) crystalline phase, the layer/FTO sample includes two additional phases of Cu2S (chalcocite) and Cu_1.8S (digenite) as well. Optical measurements showed that all these materials have a relatively high absorption coefficient (<126>5 x 10⁴-2.3 x 10⁵ cm^-1) in the visible region and direct bandgap of the layers was confirmed with the corresponding room temperature PL spectra. With the resistivity measurements at room and higher temperatures (up to 100° C) confirm that all samples are degenerate in nature with high electrical conductivities of <126>10³ (Ω.cm)^-1.

8 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref

000130   Zambare P Z;Mahajan O H (Physics Dep, S.VS's Dadasaheb Rawal College, Dondaicha, Dist: Dhule, Maharashtra, Email: pzzambare@rediffmail.com) : Red emitting Sr₂CeO₄: 2.0 mol% Eu<. Invertis J Sci Technol 2013, 6(3), 150-4.

Phosphor Sr₂Ce0₄:2.0 mo/% Eu³⁺ was synthesized by solid state reaction method and their luminescent characteristics were studied. The samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and Photoluminescence. The X-Ray diffraction patterns reveal the crystallite size of powder. The emission color can be changed by tuning activator's concentration in Sr₂Ce0₄:Eu³⁺v phosphor. The doped compound emits strong red light when the concentration of the doped Eu³⁺ was 2.0 mol%. A broad excitation band ascribed to the Ce⁴⁺- O^2- transition was.observed and under the excitation at ultraviolet region, the intense red emission peaks were originated from the f-f transition of Eu³⁺. The color co-ordinates of Sr₂Ce0₄ werex = 0.6809 and y = 0.3189 and CIE coordinates revealed that the present phosphor may be used in solid state lighting applications.

5 illus, 16 ref

000129   Vijay R;Jain R;Sharma K S (Physics Dep, The IIS Univ, SFS, Mansarover, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Frequency and temperature dependence of the dielectric properties of apple juice at microwave frequencies. J pure appl ind Phys 2013, 3(3), 211-14.

The complex permittivity values of fresh juice of two cultivars of apple, viz., red delicious apple and Kashmiri apple were measured, in terms of the dielectric constant (ε') and dielectric loss factor (ε"), over the frequency range from 1GHz to 50 GHz and temperatures ranging from 30°C to 70°C, using the PNA network analyzer and open ended coaxial line probe technique. Both ε' and ε" are found to depend on frequency and temperature. It was observed that as the frequency increases from 1 GHz to 50 GHz, ε' increases for first few GHz and then decreases with frequency and curves at different temperature narrow down for red delicious apple, whereas they almost merge with each other at about 45 GHz for Kashmiri apple. ε" on the other hand increases with frequency and these curves at different temperatures become almost flat at higher frequencies, the curve for higher temperature being above the other curves, showing greater losses at higher temperatures.

2 illus, 6 ref

000128   Toda Y R;Gujarathi D N (Thin Film Laboratory. Physics Dep, Pratap College, Amalner-425 401, Email: yogeshtoda@gmail.com) : Fabrication and optimization of au-(n) insb Schottky barrier junction. Invertis J Sci Technol 2013, 6(3), 155-60.

n-type indium antimonide (n-lnSb) films were successfully fabricated on glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique. The morphology and resistivity and carrier concentration of the film were characterized by scanning electron microscope and four probe technique respectively. The values of resistivity and carrier concentration were evaluated as p = 33.8072 x 10^-518/cm³. Schottky barrier junction of(n) InSb thin films have been fabricated with Au and At electrodes onto precleaned amorphous glass substrate by sequential thermal evaporation process at a base pressure of 5x 10^-5 torr. The electrical analysis ofAu-(n)lnSb structure has been investigated by means of current - voltage measurements at room temperature in dark condition. The fabricated junction exhibited rectifying nature of junction indicates the presence of barrier between Au and n-type InSb films. From the current voltage characteristics, the different junction parameters such as ideality factor, saturation current density, barrier height etc. were measured by applying a thermionic emission theory. The values of ideality factor for Au- (n) InSb/Al was evaluated as 1.46 was good as these factors are not much departed from unity and the barrier height was 0.47 eV for Au- (n)lnSb/AI₂. The saturation current densities were found 40 x I0^-3 amp/cm² for Au-(n) InSb/Al.

6 illus, 15 ref

000127   Tiwari R K;Tiwari C M;Tiwari L (Physics Dep, Govt. New Sc. College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh) : Long term relationship between geomagnetic and solar activity parameters. J pure appl ind Phys 2013, 3(3), 221-4.

The solar and geomagnetic activity parameters for the period of 1986 to 2010 have been analyzed for both the solar cycle 22 and 23. The most of the geomagnetic parameters have been found to be related with sunspot numbers. The yearly average values of solar wind electric field 'V.B.' are cross plotted with Rz and Ap. It is observed that these parameters are highly correlated with each others. A strong correlation between solar flare index (SFI) and Rz is also observed.

3 illus, 8 ref

000126   Tiwari R K;Mishra B K;Pandey A K (Physics Dep, Govt. New Science College, Rewa, M.P.) : Correlative study between harmonics of daily variation of cosmic rays and solar terrestrial parameters. J pure appl ind Phys 2013, 3(3), 215-19.

Author have done a systematic correlative analysis covering solar cycle 22 and 23 by taking the annual averages of amplitudes and phase of the first three harmonics of daily variation of cosmic rays (diurnal, semi-diurnal and tri-diurnal variation) for Kiel station against sunspot numbers, solar wind velocity and geomagnetic index ap. The harmonic analysis is carried out with the help of a computer program. We have used solar and interplanetary data mainly high speed solar wind velocity V, sun spot number Rz and geomagnetic index Ap. The results are discussed to explain the connection of cosmic ray modulation with solar and interplanetary features.

2 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

000125   Singh K K;Singh B K;Poddar P (Physics University Dep, Magadh Univ, Bodh Gaya) : Use of laser in environmental studies. J pure appl ind Phys 2013, 3(3), 225-8.

Lasers are widely used for fundamental studies not only in the areas of core physics, but also almost all its related disciplines, like engineering, chemistry, life and medical sciences. In spite of these studies, laser is also being used in monitoring the environmental conditions in various places on the basis of laser-aided measurements of the atmospheric pollutants to generate a data base. The data base will be useful in predicting the atmospheric conditions in desired time interval in and around the particular place to warn people from natural disaster.

4 ref

000124   Pendam N;Vardhani C P (Physics Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh) : Design and simulation of optical power splitter by using SOI material. J pure appl ind Phys 2013, 3(3), 193-7.

The present paper reports that the simple technology-compatible design of 1x2 optical power splitter is proposed. The device is based on symmetric Y-branch comprising of S-bend waveguide. Initially, a symmetric Y-junction based 1 x 2 optical power splitter is designed, which can deliver the best result in simulated performance. Three dimensional Beam propagation Method is applied for this work, where S-bend waveguides are designed for optimal field matching in each Y-branch section of the optical splitter. Chosen wavelength in guiding media is 1550 μm. Finally studied about insertion loss, attenuation, and splitting ratio. The SOI rib-waveguide dimensions (height, width) leading simultaneously to single mode propagation.

8 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

000123   Pathak T K;Purohit L P (Physics Dep, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, Email: tpathak01@gamail.com) : Structure, piezoelectricity and opitcal properties of ZnO thin films fabricated by sol-gel method. Invertis J Sci Technol 2013, 6(3), 129-34.

ZnO thin films were prepared on crystal substrate Si (I I I) by sol-gel technology, then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The ZnO films characterized by X-ray diffraction are highly oriented in (002) direction with the growing of the I mm thickness. The morphologies, roughness and grain size of ZnO investigated by AFM show that roughness and grain size of ZnO films decrease with the increase of the film thickness. The roughness dimension is 2.188-0.914 nm. The results show that the piezoelectric coefficient increases with the increase of thickness and (002) orientation. When the force reference is close to surface roughness of the films, the piezoelectric coefficient measured is inaccurate and fluctuates in a large range, but when the force reference is big, the piezoelectric coefficient d33 changes little and ultimately keeps constant at a low frequency. The photoluminescence spectrum of the samples has an UV emission peak centred at 383 nm with broad band visible emission centred in the range of 500 - 600 nm.

6 illus, 11 ref

000122   Nimbal G M;Halse S V;Naziya;Firdous G;Suvarna V;Jyoti B (NO, Karnataka State Women's Univ, Bijapur) : Modelling and simulation of thermal actuator using polysilicon material. J pure appl ind Phys 2013, 3(3), 205-10.

Electro-thermal micro actuators that operate by virtue of constrained thermal expansion induced by Joule heating have recently received considerable attention. We use electro-thermal actuation to create monolithic compliant devices with embedded actuation in which the actuator and the mechanism are indistinguishable. These devices can be made at micro (micron size) or meson (hundreds of iron stone a millimetre size) scales using any conducting material. The scaling effects on these devices, and also present a comparative study of essential and natural boundary conditions used in the thermal analysis. This present paper consists of a two thermal actuator made of polysilicon. The actuator is activated through thermal expansion. The temperature increase required to deform the two actuators, and thus displace the actuator is obtained through Joule heating. The greater expansion of the actuator arms, compared to the another arm, causes a bending of the actuator. The material properties of polysilicon are temperature dependent, which means that the involved physics phenomena are fully coupled. The electric current through the another arms increases the temperature in the actuator, which in turn causes thermal expansion and changes the electrical conductivity of the material.

6 illus, 7 ref

000121   Dweivei D K;Pathak H P (Amorphous Semiconductor Research Laboratory, Physics Dep, M.M.M. Engineering College, Gorakhpur-273 010, Email: dwivedidkphys@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis, structural and optical characterization of ZnO nanoparticles. Invertis J Sci Technol 2013, 6(3), 135-9.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopartides have been prepared by chemical synthesis method. The powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis optical absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis. XRD patterns showed that ZnO nanopartides have hexagonal unit cell structure. An excitonic absorption peak is observed at 450 nm in UV-Vis absorption spectrum. The photoluminescence spectrum ex/bits emission peak located at 520 nm which is due to presence of singly ionized oxygen vacancies.

3 illus, 27 ref

000120   Dahotre S G;Singh L N (Physics Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological Univ, Maharashtra) : Synthesis and characterization of nanoferrite. J pure appl ind Phys 2013, 3(3), 199-204.

The effect of Zn substitution on the magnetic properties of Mn_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄ ferrites (where x= 0 to 1) were investigated by magnetization measurement. The samples were prepared by simple chemical technique of Sol-gel method. The saturation magnetization increases with increasing Zn content attaining a maximum value at x = 0.6 and then decreases thereafter. The X- ray diffraction pattern of the sample showed single phase cubic spinel structure. The IR spectra of the ferrites testify for homogeneity of the MnZn Fe₂O₄ spinel structure.

5 illus, 11 ref

000119   Bahari A;Nik A S;Roodbari M;Mirnia N (Physics Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Science and Research Branch, Mazandaran, Iran, Email: a.bahari@umz.ac.ir) : Investigation the Al-Fe-Cr-Ti nano composites structures with using XRD and AFM techniques. Sadhana 2012, 37(6), 657-64.

The performance of multilayers has been widely investigated in metal/metal systems. Shrinking this system down to less than 10 nm dislocation blocking occurs and should thus-try to find a way to get a structure with less dislocation, and/or strain because low diffusivity ultra high vacuum chamber is the basic requirements for growing ultra thin films and nano scale materials. Author used William-Hall relation based on Scherr equation in X-ray powder spectrum and drawn the stress-strain diagrams. It shows that Al-Fe-Cr-Ti composites have very low diffusivity and equilibrium solubility in Al (0.05 at.% Fe, <62>0.02 at.% Cr, and <62>0.3 at.% Ti). Al-Ti-Fe-Cr composite powders have also been prepared from sol-gel method starting from elemental powders at both ambient and elevated temperatures. The obtained results from XRD (X-ray Diffraction), AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) and X-ray powder techniques indicate that nano-grains with 0.03 at %Cr can cause a reduction of leakage current through the SS chamber due to its amorphous structure.

11 illus, 19 ref

000118   Aizebeokhai A P;Olayinka A I;Singh V S; Uhuegbu C C (Physics Dep, Covenant Univ, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Email: vssingh77@hotmail.com) : Effectiveness of 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging using parallel 2D profiles. Curr Sci 2011, 101(8), 1036-52.

Acquisition geometry for 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging in which apparent resistivity data of a set of parallel 2D profiles are collated to 3D dataset was evaluated. A set of parallel 2D apparent resistivity data was generated over two model structures. The models, horst and trough, simulate the geological environment of a weathered profile and refuse dump site in a crystalline basement complex respectively. The apparent resistivity data were generated for Wenner-alpha, Wenner-beta, Wenner-Schlumberger, dipole-dipole, pole-dipole and pole-pole arrays with minimum electrode separation, a (a = 2, 4, 5 and 10 m) and inter-line spacing, L (L = a, 2a, 2.5a, 4a, 5a and 10a). The 2D apparent resistivity data for each of the arrays were collated to 3D dataset and inverted using a full 3D inversion code. The 3D imaging capability and resolution of the arrays for the set of parallel 2D profiles are presented. Grid orientation effects are observed in the inversion images produced. Inter-line spacing of not greater than four times the minimum electrode separation gives reasonable inverse models. The resolution of the inverse models can be greatly improved if the 3D dataset is built by collating sets of orthogonal 2D profiles.

14 illus, 21 ref

024259   Singh S N;Mishra L K (NO, (Physics Center) Bandhan Tola, Nawada, Ara-Bhojpur-802 301) : A theoretical evaluation of magnetic field dependence of vortex core size and coherence length of V₃Si, NbSe₂ and LuNi₂B₂C superconductors. Int J chem Sci 2012, 10(2), 881-8.

In this paper, we have theoretically determined the vortex core size by taking Ginzburg-Landau parameter K = 1 for superconductor V₃Si, NbSe₂₂B₂C. We have used Eilenberger equations in our calculation. We have shown that vortex core size r₀ and coherence length ξ_ab exhibit magnetic field dependence. The maximum value of the cut off parameter ξ_ab measured by μSR corresponds to the GL coherence length calculated from HC₂. At low fields, where the vortices are weakly interacting, the fitted value of ξ_ab agrees with expected from HC₂.

2 tables, 17 ref

024258   Sanju Kumari;Sobha Rani;Kumar S;Mishra L K (Physics Dep, Magadh Univ, Bodhgaya-824 234) : An evaluation of optical parameters of high-temperature superconductors. Int J chem Sci 2012, 10(2), 1157-66.

Frequency dependent scattering rate and effective mass of electron were evaluated for two high Tc-superconductors using extended Drude model at different temperatures. Our theoretically evaluated result for scattering rate is large and effective mass is small in comparison with experimental data for the given temperatures. However, the trend for both the scattering rate and effective mass are in agreement with the experimental data and also with other theoretical workers.

5 tables, 16 ref

024257   Ramesh Kumar P;Kumararaman S;Sagayaraj P (Physics Dep, Aringar Anna Government Arts and Science College, Musiri-621 211, Email: psagayaraj@hotmail.com) : Synthesis, growth, spectroscopic and thermal studies of organic adduct of L-alaninium tartrate single crystal. Asian J Chem 2011, 23(3), 1291-4.

Organic non-linear optical materials are potential candidates for frequency mixing, electrooptic modulation, optical parametric oscillation optical by stability etc., due to the large optical non-linearity, low cutoff wavelength, short response time and high thresholds for laser power. Bulk crystal of L-alaninium tartrate, an organic adduct of L-tataric acid was grown by slow solvent evaporation technique. The grown crystal was subjected to single crystal X-ray diffractometry (XRD) to estimate the crystal structure and space group and its morphology was also studied. The optical property of the crystal was investigated using UVvis- NIR. The functional groups were identified by the FTIR spectral analysis. The thermal stability of the crystal was estimated by TG/DTA.

8 illus, 11 ref

024256   Ramesh Kumar P;Kumararaman S;Sagayaraj P (Physics Dep, Aringar Anna Government Arts and Science College, Musiri-621 211, Email: psagayaraj@hotmail.com) : Investigation on the growth, linear and non-linear optical, thermal and photoconductivity properties of L-tartaric acid-nicotinamide crystal. Asian J Chem 2011, 23(3), 1285-90.

Organic materials which exhibit very large second order non-linearity with high laser damage threshold find application in the field of frequency conversion, image processing data storage, fiber optic communication etc., The present work deals with the growth of L-tartaric acidnicotinamide (LTN), an organic crystal with non-linear optical activity. The crystal has been grown by slow solvent evaporation technique and the growth conditions suitable for bulk size are optimized. The structural and morphological properties of the crystal are investigated using X-ray diffraction. The linear and non-linear optical properties of the L-tartaric acid-nicotinamide crystal are studied by FT-IR and, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopic techniques and Kurtz and Perry powder SHG test. The thermal, microhardness and photoconductivity studies are also carried out.

10 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

024255   Raghothaman N;Joseph P S (Physics Dep, Saranathan College of Engineering, Tiruchirapplli-620 012, Email: ragunive@gmail.com) : Vibrational spectral studies of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthaquinone. Asian J Chem 2011, 23(3), 1357-9.

The FTIR and FT Raman spectra of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone have been recorded. The observed frequencies were assigned to various modes of vibrations on the basis of normal coordinate calculations, assuming Cs point group symmetry. The potential energy distribution associated with normal modes is also reported here. The assignment of fundamental vibrations agrees well with the calculated frequencies.

2 tables, 9 ref

024254   Raghothaman N;Joseph P S (Physics Dep, Saranathan College of Engineering, Tiruchirappalli-620 012) : Vibrational assignments and normal coordinate analysis of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone. Asian J Chem 2011, 23(3), 1353-6.

The FTIR and FT Raman spectra of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone have been recorded. The observed frequencies were assigned to various modes of vibrations on the basis of normal coordinate calculations, assuming Cs point group symmetry. The potential energy distribution associated with normal modes is also reported here. The assignment of fundamental vibrations agrees well with the calculated frequencies.

2 tables, 11 ref

024253   Purushotham E (Physics Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: psm45456@gmail.com) : X-ray determination of the debye-waller factors and debye temperature in hexagonal cu_1-x-zn_x alloys. Int J chem Sci 2012, 10(2), 873-80.

The anisotropic Debye-Waller factors and Debye temperatures of zinc rich Cu_1-x Zn_x alloys have been obtained from X-ray intensities. The intensities have been measured with Philips 3020 diffractometer fitted with a proportional counter using filtered Cuka_α radiation at room temperature and have been corrected for thermal diffuse scattering. The anisotropy observed in the values of Debye-Waller factors of hexagonal zinc rich Cu_1-x Zn_x alloys conform to the trend observed in the anisotropy of Debye-Waller factors of hexagonal metals. The Debye temperatures obtained in the present investigation have been compared with the values of Debye temperature calculated from Kopp-Neumann relation.

2 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

024252   Mistry M;Mishra L K (Physics Dep, D. N. College, Masauri, Patna) : An evaluation of temperature dependent mean energies of excitation of Bose-Einstein condensate. Int J chem Sci 2012, 10(2), 1176-84.

Using the gapless second-order theory, the excitation energies and dynamics of the collective excitation for a partially condensed harmonic trapped quasi two dimensional bosonic gas has been studied. Our evaluated result for temperature dependent mean-energies show that the Kohn theorem is quite accurately satisfied for temperature T <60> 0.8 T_c.

1 table, 27 ref

024251   Gu S;Wang S;Yu Y;Guo J (College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang Univ, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China, Email: guojiayu2000@cjlu.edu.cn) : Optical properties of inorganic-organic hybrid silica gel glasses doped with copper phthalocyanine. Asian J Chem 2011, 23(3), 1241-3.

Inorganic-organic hybrid silica gel glasses were successfully prepared by the sol-gel method. Copper phthalocyanine and vinyltriethoxysilane were used as optical active material and inorganic glass component, respectively. The absorption spectrum of copper phthalocyanine-doped hybrid glasses was recorded in the spectral range of 200-1000 nm. Optical band gap is determined from the UV-vis optical absorption spectra.

4 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

023199   Verma P L (Physics Dep, Govt Vivekanand P G College, Maihar, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, Email: plverma2010@gmail.com) : Large geomagnetic storms and their rlation with coronal mass ejections and interplanetary magnetic field. Indian J scient Res 2012, 3(1), 161-6.

Coronal mass ejections -are most energetic solar events that eject huge amount of mass and magnetic fields into the .heliosphere and are widely recognized as being responsible to generate storms in solar wind plasma parameters and geomagnetic storms in the magnetosphere of the earth and have studied geomagnetic storms Dst≤ -150 nT to Dst≥-3560nT observed during the of 1997-2006 with coronal mass ejections, interplanetary shocks and disturbances in interplanetary magnetic field. We obtained scatter plots between magnitude of geomagnetic storms, magnitude of maximum depression in Dst with magnitude and peak values of lnterplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) components Bz and total IMF B. Also have found that 90.00 % geomagnetic storms are associated with halo and partial halo coronal mass ejections. As well as have found positive correlation between magnitude of magnetic storms and speed of associated coronal mass ejections. Further concluded that majority of the geomagnetic storms are associated with interplanetary shocks (90.00 %).From the study of geomagnetic storms with disturbances in interplanetary magnetic field. We have determined positive co-relation between magnitude of maximum depression in Dst and peak values of total IMF B and southward component of interplanetary magnetic field Bz with correlation coefficient 0.64, 0.62 respectively. Positive correlation has been also found between magnitude of geomagnetic storms and magnitude of total interplanetary magnetic field B and southward component of lMF Bz with correlation coefficient 0.58, 45 respectively.

6 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

023198   Vani V C;Chatterjee S (Instrumentation and Applied Physics Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: vani@isu.iisc.ernet.in) : Detection of a periodic structure embedded in surface roughness, for various correlation funcions. Pramana J Phys 2011, 77(4), 611-26.

This paper deals with surface profilometry, where we try to detect a periodic structure, hidden in randomness using the matched filter method of analysing the intensity of light, scattered from the surface. From the direct problem of light scattering from a composite rough surface of the above type, we find that the detectability of the periodic structure can be hindered by the randomness, being dependent on the correlation function of the random part. In our earlier works, we had concentrated mainly on the Cauchy-type correlation function for the rough part. In the present work, show that this technique can determine the periodic structure of different kinds of correlation functions of the roughness, including Cauchy, Gaussian etc. study the detection by the matched filter method as the nature of the correlation function is varied.

8 illus, 15 ref

023197   Trumpakaj Z;Bojarski P (Institute of Experimental Physics, Gdansk Univ, 80-952 Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, Poland, Email: fizpb@ug.edu.pl) : Reorientation of CS₂ molecule over a wide temperature range simulation and experiment. Asian J Spectrosc 2012, 16(1-4), 5-26.

Molecular dynamics simulation is used for investigation of reorientation of carbon disulfide molecule CS₂ over a wide temperature range. Three different intermolecular interactions described by (LJ12-6, exp9.9-6 and exp9-exp5) and different models of CS₂ molecule have been tested. Simulated results are compared with experimental data of the depolarized Rayleigh light scattered from liquid CS₂ immediately, and by using an analytical approximation of the first memory function K(t) which depends on temperature explicitly. The agreement between simulated and experimental results appears to be better than expected when the intermolecular interaction exp9.9-6 or exp9-exp5 is used instead of LJ12-6. The present simulation confirms also the temperature-dependence predicted by the analytical first memory function K(t).

28 illus, 6 tables, 29 ref

023196   Tripathi M K;Gupta R S;Verma P L;Khare N (Physics Dep, Govt P G College Satna, Madhya Pradesh, Email: mukeshtripathi000@gmail.com) : Association between geomagnetic Kp and Ap index with solar and interplanetary parameters. Indian J scient Res 2012, 3(1), 153-56.

Based on the monthly data of various solar and interplanetary parameters e.g. solar wind velocity, proton density, plasma temperatures, IMF 8(nt), sunspot numbers with geomagnetic index (Kp and Ap) from 1996 to 2009, detailed correlative study has performed and reported the significant relationship among interplanetary plasma parameters for the 23 and rising phase of 24 solar cycles. Also tried to investigate the correlative study of different solar and interplanetary parameters Kp and Ap index. As well as found that monthly average of geomagnetic index Kp and Ap are highly correlated with solar wind velocity, plasma temperature, IMF 8(nt) while negative correlation between monthly average values of geomagnetic index Kp and with proton density. In the last also shows variation of geomagnetic indices with sunspot numbers and reported significant relationship between geomagnetic Kp and Ap index with sunspot numbers.

3 illus, 8 ref

023195   Tiwari V M;Wahr J M;Swenson S;Singh B (NO, National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR), Hyderabad-500 606, Email: vmtiwari@ngri.res.in) : Land water storage variation over southern India from space gravimetry. Curr Sci 2011, 101(4), 536-40.

Gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) satellite mission is mapping the earth's gravity field with unprecedented accuracy of a few μGal (10^-8 m/s²) every month. This provides a new means of studying hydrological, climatic and tectonic processes that redistribute mass, producing temporal gravity changes. Hydrological changes contribute the strongest signal in the GRACE gravity field on seasonal, annual and inter-annual timescales. This communication presents seasonal and annual hydrological signals over India observed by GRACE and compares them with in situ measurements. The spatio-temporal variations of water storage over southern India for 2002-2008 show positive and negative trends, which appear to be related with changes in precipitation patterns. It has also been observed that the negative trend over a large part of south India changed to positive trend after 2005. These observations suggest dominant inter-annual trend of water storage in the southern Indian region. Such observations have also been noticed in the average record of 950 water wells from Andhra Pradesh. Compared GRACE-derived time series with land-based measurements from Andhra Pradesh and found that the GRACE record corroborates with ground data, implying its application in the monitoring of water storage in the region.

3 illus, 19 ref

023194   Tiwari R K;Prasad G (Circuit Design & Simulation Lab, Physics & Electronics Dep, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh Univ, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: rktiwari2323@yahoo.co.in) : Critical analysis of BJT, FET and nMOS parasitic capacitance circuit. Bull pure appl Sci 2012, 31D(1), 59-63.

Parasitic capacitance circuit has wide application in analog and digital circuit design. Proper selection of device model has been playing an important role in the design parasitic capacitance circuit. Present paper focuses a critical analysis of frequency response of BJT, FET and nMOS parasitic capacitance circuit by varying input capacitance and obtained gain and bandwidth by varying frequency for 10 Hz to 100 GHz. All the simulation has been performed using SPICE tool and optimized the device parameter.

6 illus, 1 table, 7 ref