021512   Meulenberg A (Science for Humanity Trust, Inc., , 3760 Lavista Road, Suite 200, Tucker, GA, 30084, USA) : Extensions to physics:what cold fusion teaches. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 499-506.

This article documents some condensed matter nuclear science work where contemporary physics models are re-examined, extended and/or supple-mented. Primarily for DD fusion: (1) ability of two low-energy protons or deuterons to penetrate their mutual Coulomb barrier; (2) production of heat far in excess of that possible based on the measured particulate radiation; (3) high levels of 4He measured; (4) enhanced coupling of nuclear energy to local lattice; (5) transmutation, and (6) selective `scavenging' of radio-nuclides in the lattice have been explained in terms of several extended physics models. More than sufficient evidence now proves that low energy nuclear reactions occur and lead forward.

32 ref

021511   McKubre M C H (NO, , SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA, Email: michael.mckubre@sri.com) : Cold fusion: comments on the state of scientific proof. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 495-8.

Early criticisms were made of the scientific claims made by Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons in 1989 on their observation of heat effects in electro-chemically driven palladium-deuterium experiments that were consistent with nuclear but not chemical or stored energy sources. These criticisms were premature and adverse. In the light of 25 years further study of the palladium-deuterium system, what is the state of proof of Fleischmann and Pons' claims?

1 illus, 15 ref

021510   Liang C L;Dong Z M;Li X Z (Physics Dep, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China) : Selective resonant tunnelling - turning hydrogen-storage material into energetic material. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 519-23.

New formula for nuclear fusion cross-sections reveals the existence of a low energy resonance in p+^{6Li system, and the selectivity of low energy resonance. It indicates that lithium-6 might be a nuclear fuel in condensed matter nuclear science. Evidences from both hot fusion and `cold fusion' experiments are presented.}

1 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

021509   Letts D (NO, , 12015 Ladrido Lane, Austin, TX 78727, USA, Email: lettslab@sbcglobal.net) : Highly reproducible LENR experiments using dual laser stimulation. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 559-61.

Present article reports a summary of results relating to 170 on-protocol tests performed on five deuterated palladium bulk cathodes stimulated by dual lasers at 8, 15 and 20THz over the period March 2007 to May 2008. These frequencies were not measured but assumed to be effective based on a calculated difference beat frequency. Excess power was observed in 161 tests, giving a success rate of approximately 95%. The cathode fabrication, loading and laser application protocols are discussed.

2 illus, 4 ref

021508   Kitamura A (Technova Inc., , 100-0011 Tokyo, japan and Kobe University, 658-0022 Kobe, Japan, Email: kitamuraakira3@gmail.com) : Status of cold fusion research in Japan. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 655.

1 table, 2 ref

021507   Kanagasabapathy K;Vetrivel S;Rajasekaran R (PG & Research Dep of Physics, A A Govt Arts College, Villupuram, Tamilnadu) : Growth, structural and nonlinear optical characterization of nickel chloride doped zinc tris-thiourea sulphate single crystals. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(12), 31-3.

Zinc Tris- Thiourea Sulphate (ZTS) and Nickel chloride doped Tris Thtourea Zinc(II) Sulphate single crystals were grown 'from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The unit cell parameters of the grown crystals were evaluated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The powder X-Ray diffraction patterns were recorded and indexed for further confirmation of crystalline nature of grown crystals. The incorporation of Nickel entered into ZTS crystals was confirmed from SEM-EDX analysis. UV-Visible transmission spectra have been recorded to find the cut-off wavelength of grown crystals in non-linear applications. The nonlinear optical properties of pure and doped ZTS crystals were confirmed by Kurtz Perry powder method using Nd:YAG laser source.

2 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

021506   Jaya Prakash;Todd N;Yalavarthy P K (Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: phani@serc.iisc.in) : Advances in image reconstruction methods for real-time magnetic resonance thermometry. J Indian Inst Sci 2014, 94(4), 387-406.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been widely used in cancer treatment planning, which takes the advantage of high-resolution and high-contrast provided by it. The raw data collected in the MRI can also be used to obtain the temperature maps and has been explored for performing MR thermometry. This review article describes the methods that are used in performing MR thermometry, with an emphasis on reconstruction methods that are useful to obtain these temperature maps in real timefor large region of interest. This article also proposes a prior-image constrained reconstruction method for temperature reconstruction in MRthermometry, and a systematic comparison using ex-vivo tissue experiments with state of the art reconstruction method is presented.

2 illus, 1 table, 85 ref

021505   Islam M S;Meshesha D;Shinjo R (Physics and Earth Sciences Dep, Univ of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan, Email: sho_fiq@yahoo.com) : Mantle source characterization of Sylhet Traps, northeastern India: a petrological and geochemical study. J Earth Syst Sci 2014, 123(8), 1839-55.

In this study. mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic data are presented for the Sylhet Trap at the southern flank of the eastern Shillong Plateau, northeastern India, to determine the magma genesis in relation to the Kerguelen plume mantle source. Sylhet Trap rocks are porphyritic tholeiite and have chemical compositions from picro-basalt, basalt, andesite to dacite, but mostly are within the subalkaline field. Major and trace element data were used to identify two distinct magma fractionation , a low and medium K series, characterized by relatively flat MORB-like (analogous to Rajmahal Traps (II)) and enriched OIB chondrite-normalized Rare Earth Element (REE) patterns. Initial ^{87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd and 206Pb/204Pb isotope compositions were widely varied, ranging from 0.70435-0.71357, 0.51196 0.51266, and 17.92-19.72, respectively, when compared with basalts from the West Bengal, Rajmahal Traps and the Kerguelen plume. Correlations among isotopic and trace element ratios of the Sylhet Traps provide evidence for the involvement of (1) HIMU-like mantle component, (2) the Kerguelen plume-like component, and (3) EMII-like crustal component. Magma from the Sylhet Traps originated from a melting that derived directly from the heterogeneous Kerguelen mantle plume components 1 and 2), which strongly suggests the presence of the Kerguelen plume-head in the Bengal Basin.}

8 illus, 4 tables, 73 ref

021504   Hagelstein P L;Chaudhary I U (NO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, US, Email: plh@mit.edu) : Phonon models for anomalies in condensed matter nuclear science. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 507-13.

Although excess heat has been studied in the Fleisch-mann-Pons experiment for more than a quarter century, there is as yet no agreed upon theoretical explanation. Here we divide the problem between known physics issues and new physics issues. In our approach there is an important new physics model which addresses the fractionation of a large quantum; and a new fundamental Hamiltonian which describes the coupling between vibrations and internal nuclear degrees of freedom.

38 ref

021503   Hagelstein P L (NO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Email: phagelstein@aol.com) : Directional X-ray and gamma emission in experiments in condensed matter nuclear science. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 601-7.

Absence of energetic particles commensurate with the energy produced in the Fleischmann-Pons experiment hinders our ability to sort out the microscopic physics involved. Models that we have studied for excess heat are based on the fractionation of the large nuclear quantum to a large number of much smaller quanta. These models predict that it should also be possible to up-convert vibrational quanta to produce nuclear excitation. Such a mechanism could produce collimated X-ray and gamma emission. Collimated X-ray emission near 1.5 keV has been reported by Karabut. Other examples of collimated X-ray and gamma emission have been described in the literature.

1 table, 44 ref

021502   Geeta M;Sharma S;Panwar A S;Gururajan M P (Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Email: gururajan.mp@gmil.com) : Hard Sphere Simulator Visualization and modelling of atomic structures. Resonance 2015, 20(1), 55-72.

Hard Sphere Simulator (HSS) is a mechanical model for demonstrating microscopic features and phenomena such as atomic arrangements in a crystal lattice and corresponding defects in the lattice at the macro-scale; hence, it is a potential learning tool for students. Here, we describe the construction of an HSS, using polymer gunshot balls as hard spheres. Using this HSS, we demonstrate material phenomena such as phase transitions and formation and movements of defects. We also show that, by carrying out Fourier transformation on the images obtained from the HSS, one can obtain the diffraction patterns of these structures.

15 illus, 3 ref

021501   Gautam R;Samuel A;Sil S;Chaturvedi D;Dutta A; Ariese F;Umapathy S (Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560 012, Email: umapathy@ipc.iisc.ernet.in ) : Raman and mid-infrared spectroscopic imaging: applications and advancements. Curr Sci 2015, 108(3), 341-56.

Using Raman and Mid-Infrared (MIR) spectroscopic imaging techniques one can examine the spatial distribution of various molecular constituents in a heterogeneous sample at a microscopic scale. Raman. and MIR spectroscopy techniques provide bond-specific vibrational frequencies to characterize molecular species without external labeling. In addition, these techniques are rapid, non-invasive and provide multiplex advantage. In this review we discuss the instrumentation, applications and latest advancements of Raman and MIR spectroscopic imaging in various fields, ranging from materials science to medicine and illustrate with specific examples from our recent research.

12 illus, 77 ref

021500   Dong Z M;Liang C L;Li X Z (Physics Dep, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Email: lxz-dmp@tsinghua.edu.cn ) : Condensed matter nuclear science research status in China. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 594.

Brief introductionof 25 year research on `cold fusion' in China is presented with address on its five features and the international recognitions.

021499   Das N R (NO, , P-60, Green View, Kolkata-700 084) : (NULL). Sci Cult 2015, 81(1-2), 4-14.

The article presents a brief account of nuclear materials, with special emphasis on fissile, fertile and some important dual-use structural materials generally involved in nuclear reactors. The dual-use structural materials utilized in nuclear reactors have got important applications in both nuclear and non-nuclear fields. In the hostile environment, the important phenomena such as interactions between fission products and the surrounding elemental species, radiation-induced effects, corrosion, generation of gases, swelling and so forth, become increasingly complex and the performance of a nuclear reactor system thus becomes very much dependent on the physicochemical stability and nuclear compatibility of the dual-use structural materials like stainless steel, zirconium alloys, etc. as claddings; water, liquid sodium or gases, etc. as coolants and water, boron, etc. as moderators, having good reliability and appropriate nuclear compatibility with the fuels, are of prime importance in reactor technology,. In advanced designed reactors, development of novel fuels coupled with efficient dual-use structural materials may mitigate the challenges involved in optimizing the efficiency of the power reactors under specific experimental conditions.

1 illus, 16 ref

021498   Das B B;Ramanathan K V (Chemistry and Biochemistry Dep, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA, Email: kvr@nrc.iisc.ernet.in) : Reconstruction of two-dimensional spectra from one-dimensional projections-examples from solid state NMR. J Indian Inst Sci 2014, 94(4), 473-84.

The use of Projection Reconstruction (PR) to obtain two dimensional(2D) spectra from one-dimensional (1D) data in the solidstate is illustrated. The method exploits multiple 1D spectra obtained using magic angle spinning and off-magic angle spinning. The spectra recorded under the influence of scaled heteronuclear scalar and dipolar couplings in the presence of homonuclear dipolar decoupling sequences have been used to reconstruct J/D Resolved 2D-NMR spectra. The useof just two 1D spectra is observed sufficient to reconstruct a J-resolved 2D-spectrum while a Separated Local Field (SLF) 2D-NMR spectrum could be obtained from three 1D spectra. The experimental techniques forrecording the 1D spectra and procedure of reconstruction are discussedand the reconstructed results are compared with 2D experiments recorded in traditional methods. The application of the technique has been madeto a solid polycrystalline sample and to a uniaxially oriented liquidcrystal. Implementation of PR-NMR in solid state provides high-resolution spectra as well as leads to significant reduction in experimental time.The experiments are relatively simple and are devoid of several technical complications involved in performing the 2D experiments.

5 illus, 69 ref

021497   Cravens D;Swartz M R;Ahern B (NO, , P.O. Box 1317, Cloudcroft, NM 88317, USA, Email: physics@tularosa.net) : Condensed matter nuclear reactions with metal particles in gases. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 582-4.

Various metals have been used by a number of researchers to study the condensed matter nuclear reactions occurring within the metal lattice when exposed to gases containing hydrogen, its deuterium isotope and various mixes. This article will give a brief overview of such studies.

25 ref

021496   Chandra K (NO, Johannes Kepler University, Linz 404, Austria, Email: kousik.chandra@jku.at) : Noise detected NMR spectroscopy. J Indian Inst Sci 2014, 94(4), 517-26.

Spin noise phenomenon was predicted way back in 1946. However, experimental investigations regarding spin noise became possibleonly recently with major technological improvements in NMR hardware.These experiments have several potential novel applications and also demand refinements in the existing theoretical framework to explainthe phenomenon. Elegance of noise spectroscopy in gathering information about the properties of a system lies in the fact that it does not require external perturbation, and the system remains in thermal equilibrium. Spinnoise is intrinsic magnetic fluctuations, and both longitudinal and transverse components have been detected independently in many systems. Detection of fluctuating longitudinal magnetization leads to field of Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy (MRFM) that can efficiently probe veryfew spins even down to the level of single spin utilizing ultrasensitive cantilevers.Transverse component of spin noise, which can simultaneously monitor different resonances over a given frequency range enabling oneto distinguish between different chemical environments, has also received considerable attention, and found many novel applications. These experiments demand a detailed understanding of the underlying spin noise phenomenonin order to perform perturbation-free magnetic resonance andwiden the highly promising application area. Detailed investigations ofnoise magnetization have been performed recently using force microscopyon equilibrium ensemble of paramagnetic alkali atoms. It was observed that random fluctuations generate spontaneous spin coherences whichhas similar characteristics as generated by macroscopic magnetization of polarized ensemble in terms of precession and relaxation properties. Several other intrinsic properties like g-factors, isotope-abundance ratios,hyperfine splitting, spin coherence lifetimes etc. also have been achieved without having to excite the sample. In contrast to MRFM-approaches,detection of transverse spin noise also offers novel applications, attracting considerable attention. This has unique advantage as different resonances over a given frequency range enable one to distinguish between differentchemical environments. Since these noise signatures scale inversely with sample size, these approaches lead to the possibility of non-perturbative magnetic resonance of small systems down to nano-scale. In this review,these different approaches will be highlighted with main emphasis on transverse spin noise investigations.

^iia1 illus, 58 ref

021495   Azizi O;El-Boher A;He J H;Hubler G K;Pease D; Isaacson W;Violante V;Gangopadhyay S (Physics and Astronomy Dep, The Sydney Kimmel Institute for Nuclear Renaissance, University of Mi, Columbia, Missouri 65211, Email: elbohera@missouri.edu) : Progress towards understanding anomalous heat effect in metal deuterides. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 565-73.

Present article summarizes anomalous heat events which were observed in a large number of electrolysis experiments using heavy water and palladium-based cathodes. The amount of excess heat produced by some of these experiments is too large to be accounted for by any known chemical processes. It was found that events of the anomalous heat effect (AHE) are accompanied by increased cell voltage during electrolysis and that there are characteristic cathode surface morphologies which are associated with excess heat events. AHE has been observed during electrolysis following dynamic stimulation of the cell by time-dependent electrolytic currents (SuperWaves) and ultrasonic excitation. Past experiments have increased our understanding of the anomalous heat effect in the palladium-deuterium systems, but there is much left to be learned.

12 illus, 1 tables, 10 ref

021494   Anil Kumar K;Srinivasu C;Raju K T S S (Physics Dep, , Chevuturu, Andhra Pradesh, Email: anilkumarkoneti@gmail.com) : Refractive Indices Measurements for 1, 4-dioxane + 1-butanol binary mixture at five temperatures. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 651-8.

The refractive indices of 1, 4-dioxane (Do) with 1-butanol over the entire composition vary are measured at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K using Anton Paar Abbemat. The data has been used to evaluate the values of excess refractive indices (nE) of the mixed solvents and the related coefficients are calculated by applying the Redlich Kister polynomial equation. Varied theoretical mixing rules viz., Arago-Biot, Gladstone-Dale , Newton's, Eyring and john , Lorentz-Lorentz , Heller , Eykman, Oster, and Weiner relations are applied to predict refractive index of the liquid mixtures over the entire mole fraction vary of 1,4-dioxane at the five temperatures. The experimental values of refractive indices are in good agreement with all the above relations.

5 tables, 9 ref

021493   Anil Kumar (Physics and NMR Research Centre Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: anilnmr@physics.iisc.ernet.in) : History of MRI. J Indian Inst Sci 2014, 94(4), 363-9.

A brief account of the basic principle and methodologies of MRI technique, right from its beginning, are outlined. The final pulse sequence used for MRI using Fourier Imaging (phase encoding), Echo-Planar Imaging(EPI) for detection of a whole plane in a single excitation and T₁ and T₂ contrast enhancement is explained. The various associated methods such as, MR-spectroscopy, flow measurement (MRI-angiography), Lung- imaging using hyperpolarized Xe-129 and He-3 and functional imaging (f-MRI) aredescribed.

7 illus, 20 ref

021492   Abd ul-Rahman Lomax (NO, Infusion Institute, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA, Email: abd@lomaxdesign.com) : Replicable cold fusion experiment: heat/helium ratio. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 374-7.

Cold fusion effects have often been called `unreliable', even by those convinced of their reality. The chaotic nature of material conditions, so far, has made ordinary reliability elusive. However, the Fleischmann-Pons experiment produces more than one effect, and two major ones are heat and helium. Miles, in 1991, measured both, and found that they were correlated, within an order of magnitude of the ratio expected from deuterium fusion. Miles was amply confirmed, and precision has increased. While there are outliers, there is no experimental evidence contradicting the correlation, and only the exact ratio remains in question. In this, we have direct evidence that the effect is real and is nuclear in nature; the mechanism remains a mystery well worth exploration.

1 illus, 26 ref

020547   Thirumaran S;Prakash N (Physics (DDE) Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Email: thirumaran64@gmail.com) : Structural characterization of some borate glass specimen by ultrasonic, spectroscopic and SEM studies. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(2), 82-92.

The ultrasonic wave velocity (longitudinal and shear) and density for the ternary glass system of (i) B₂O₃-SiO₂-Na₂CO₃ (BSS-glass systems) and (ii) B₂O₃-Bi₂O₃-Na₂CO₃ (BBS-glass systems) have been measured at room temperature by using pulse-echo technique at 5MHz. The glass samples were prepared by conventional melt-quenching method. The amorphous nature of the glass samples was ascertained using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The measured experimental values have been utilized to evaluate the elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio, acoustic impedance, micro hardness, Debye temperature, thermal expansion coefficient and oxygen packing density which are discussed in terms of the structural changes in the glass specimen. The functional groups present in the glass samples have been confirmed by FTIR spectral analysis. The surface morphology of the glass samples has also been thoroughly investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

6 illus, 5 tables, 48 ref

020546   Thareja P;Garg H (NO, , ) : Rebonding forest fibre to sustainable deployment. J Energy envir Carbon Credits 2014, 4(3), 11-24.

Significance of wood in artistic manipulations is unraveled to any other material used in engineering, commercial or in infrastructural uses. All this is at the cost of eco-sustainability, not directly because manufacturing remains ecofriendly, but indirectly; because forests are expended in realization of this raw material. The author pre-supposes that with the mere thought of cutting a tree, environmental degradation has already begun [1]. As a preventive measure, least draw from the environment should be solicited and/or engineered. This work attempts to sketch the misdemeanor of focusing on the wood rather than the trees. Such a focus has helped society deforest the natural green cover while perfecting wood engineering. Through this work the authors' paradigm to continue their endeavor to enrich the "wood engineering" but at no further expense to the forest cover. This will be affected by a reengineering of the attitude of "wood engineering," which holistically seeks the deployment of trees together with the various product options ranging from the root of trees, bark, fibers extracted from the plants and byproducts of consumed or non-consumable wooden products. The product reengineering must seek a change depending upon the different types of by-products or waste produced in the primary unit of manufacturing the wooden product. The desired emphasis is not to opt for trees as a direct use in its product or fuel, but through a component-wise selection-attitudinally.

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020545   Sood D;Shishpal;Tripathi C C (University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra, Haryana, Email: deepaksood.uiet@gmail.com) : Narrow band polarization insensitive frequency selective surface based microwave absorber. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(2), 134-9.

Design, fabrication and testing of a narrow band polarization insensitive, planar microwave absorbing structure using frequency selective surface and without using any loaded resistance/resistive material are presented. The unit cell of the absorbing structure consisting of a symmetric triple square ring printed on one side of a FR4 substrate. It results efficient absorption of the incident microwave energy in X-band. The optimum design was validated by fabricating a absorbing structure array of 4 x 3 unit cells by conventional lithography process. It is then tested for normal incidence on microwave test bench set-up using WR90 waveguide. Full wave electromagnetic simulation demonstrates 99.99% microwave absorption at 9.8GHz with 1.23% absorption bandwidth. The structure shows good frequency stability for TE and TM polarizations. The simulated and measured values of absorption are found to be in good agreement. Therefore, proposed microwave absorber can be suitably used for avionics applications.

12 illus, 33 ref

020544   Singh S;Kumar B;Gupta G P;Kulshrestha U C (NO, , ) : Signatures of increasing energy demand of past two decades as captured in rain water composition and airmass trajectory analysis at Delhi (India). J Energy envir Carbon Credits 2014, 4(3), 43-61.

This study reports chemical characteristics of rain water in Delhi during monsoon (2010-11) with a comparison to earlier reported values of 1994. The results showed that non-marine sources had significant influence on rain water composition. The pH of the samples varied from 5.24 to 7.48 with an average value of 6.52 showing an alkaline nature of rain water. However, the dominance of NO₃- over SO^{2-₄ indicated higher influence of vehicular emissions over industrial sources at this urban site. Air mass trajectory analysis revealed that the easterly air masses were the most polluted which carried highest amount of NO₃- and SO2-₄. The study highlighted that the difference in ion balance may be minimized by including measured HCO₃- concentrations especially in Indian perspective where interference of soil-derived CaCO₃ is reported very high. A comparison of this study with that of 1994 values reported earlier indicated a remarkable increase in the concentrations of various chemical components of rain water which might be due to the impact of industrial and urban expansion of the city since 1994. The maximum increase (<126>12 times) was noticed for NO₃- concentrations, clearly reflecting the signatures of increased emissions of NOx from various anthropogenic sources, especially, vehicular emissions which are drastically increased during past two decades. In spite of introduction of CNG vehicles, Bharat stage I-IV emission norms and metro rail etc., increase of NOx suggests an immediate need of further stringent regulations.}

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020543   Sakhya A P;Maibam J;Saha S;Chanda S;Dutta A; Sharma B I;Thapa R K;Sinha T P (Physics Dep, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharaya Prafullachandra Road, Kolkata-700 009, Email: npshakya31@gmail.com ) : Electronic structure and elastic properties of ATiO₃ (A = Ba, Sr, Ca) perovskites: a first principles study. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(2), 102-9.

The elastic constants of perovskite oxides ATiO₃ (A = Ba, Sr, Ca) in the cubic phase are calculated using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method within the density functional theory in its generalized gradient approximation. The modified Becke-Johnson potential (TB-mBJ) is applied for the electronic structure calculation. The calculated results are used to obtain the Young's modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, isotropic shear modulus, longitudinal, transverse and average sound velocities, Zener anisotropy factor, Kleinman parameter and Debye temperature of the systems. The calculated results are compared with the available experimental data.

6 illus, 4 tables, 44 ref

020542   Nagpure P A;Omanwar S K (Physics Dep, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati, Maharashtra-444 603, Email: omanwar@rediffmail.com) : UV emitting borate phosphors for phototherapy lamps. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(2), 77-81.

Photoluminescence properties of UV and blue emitting borate phosphors prepared by simple and time saving combustion synthesis technique are presented and discussed in the context of application in phototherapy lamps. Emission characteristics of these phosphors are found to be similar to those of commercial lamp phosphors used for phototherapy.

7 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

020541   Kshirsagar S H;Tarale A N;Jigajeni S R; Salunkhe D J;Joshi P B (NO, Solapur Univ, Solapur, Maharashtra-413 255, Email: suvarnahkshirsagar@yahoo.com) : Effect of Ni doping on ferroelectric, dielectric and magneto dielectric properties of strontium barium niobate ceramics. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(2), 119-24.

To understand possible interactions between magnetic and electric order parameters of Ni doped Sr_xBa_1-xNb₂O₆, Ni doped Sr_0.5Ba_0.5Nb₂O₆ (SBN50) and Sr_0.4 Ba_0.6 Nb₂O₆ (SBN40) are synthesized and investigated. Synthesis has been carried out via ceramic route. The paper reports the synthesis, crystal structure, dielectric properties, PE hysteresis loops, M-H hysteresis loops and magneto-capacitance of the Ni doped SBN compositions. All the compositions are observed to exhibit a useful value of magneto-capacitance, especially at frequencies less than 10 kHz.

8 illus, 6 tables, 18 ref

020540   Hsu J M;Yao C W;Chaung W H (Electro-Optical Engineering Dep, National United Univ, Miaoli, Taiwan 360, ROC) : Enhancing approach of dispersion-compensation for dual-concentric-core photonic crystal fibers. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(2), 93-7.

An approach for enhancing the dispersion-compensation of dual-concentric-core photonic crystal fiber (DCC-PCF) is theoretically investigated. By enlarging the holes of inner cladding in order to increase the slope difference of index-curves between two supermodes, the negative chromatic dispersion coefficient is significantly enlarged. The reason of the approach is theoretically discussed in the present paper. The results indicate that the negative chromatic dispersion coefficient for the improved DCC-PCF using this approach is approximately 1.43 times greater than that of the previous work at around a wavelength of 1550 nm. Moreover, the confinement loss is estimated to verify that the loss of the improved DCC-PCF is extremely small.

7 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

020539   Ghosh B;Dutta A;Brajesh Kumar;Sinha T P (Physics Dep, Bose Institute, Kolkata-700 009, Email: sinha_tp@yahoo.com) : Dielectric relaxation in double-perovskite Ca₂GdTaO₆. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(2), 125-33.

The double perovskite oxide calcium gadolinium tantalate, Ca₂GdTaO₆ (CGT) is synthesized by solid-state reaction technique. The Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample shows monoclinic phase at room temperature. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum shows two primary vibrational modes of the sample at around 378 and 566 cm^{-1. Dielectric spectroscopy is applied to investigate the ac electrical conductivity of CGT in the temperature range 303-673 K and frequency range 42 Hz-1 MHz. The modified Cole-Cole equation is used to describe the relaxation mechanism in CGT. The relaxation time corresponding to dielectric loss is found to obey the Arrhenius law with an activation energy of 0.26 eV. The impedance data has been modeled by an equivalent circuit consisting of two serially connected R-CPE units, one for the grain and the other for the grain boundary, each containing a resistor (R) and a constant phase element (CPE). The frequency dependent conductivity spectra follow the Jonscher power law.}

7 illus, 3 tables, 52 ref

020538   Choudhary S (Dielectric Research Laboratory, Physics Dep, J N V Univ, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: shobhnachoudhary@rediffmail.com) : Effect of mechanical and electromagnetic irradiation on dielectric properties of solid polymer electrolytes. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(2), 110-18.

Poly(ethylene oxide) and lithium perchlorate based electrolyte films were prepared through classical solution casting, high intensity ultrasonic (mechanical wave) assisted, microwave (electromagnetic) irradiated and ultrasonication followed by microwave irradiated solution casting methods and direct melt press technique. The complexations of these electrolytes are confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements. The dielectric behaviour of intermediate salt concentration (EO:Li+=12:1) electrolyte films has been investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy at ambient temperature, which is considerably affected by mechanical and electromagnetic irradiation. The ionic conductivity of melt pressed electrolyte (18.3 x 10^{-7 S/cm) is found to be 2.4 times higher than that of the classical solution cast electrolyte (7.7 x 10-7 S/cm). The conductivity and relaxation times of ultrasonic followed by microwave assisted electrolyte film obey the Arrhenius behaviour and have the activation energy 0.4 eV. The dc conductivity has nearly 4 times increase from 11.8 x 10-7 to 44.7 x 10-7 S/cm with rise in temperature from 27 to 55°C.}

10 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

020537   Aynyas M;Arya B S;Rukmangad A;Sanyal S P (Physics Dep, CSA Govt P G College, Sehore-466 001, Email: bsarya13@yahoo.com) : Lattice dynamical properties of neptunium chalcogenides. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(2), 98-101.

The phonon calculations of neptunium chalcogenides (NpX; X = S, Se, Te) based on breathing shell model (BSM) which includes breathing motion of electron of the Np-atoms due to f-d hybridization, have been performed. The significance of this approach in predicting the phonon properties of NpX compounds has been discussed and the role of f-electron has been examined. The model predicts that the short range breathing phenomenon plays a dominant role in the phonon properties. The specific heat for these compounds has been reported.

3 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

019531   Singh R P (Physics Dep, Dayanand Post Graduate College, Hisar-125 001, Email: rpsdncollege7762@gmail.com) : Social implications of nanotechnology. Asian J Adv Basic Sci 2014, 2(2), 72-5.

Today, nanotechnology is still in its infancy and only rudimentary nanostructures can be created with some control. The science of atoms and simple molecules, a one end, and the science of matter from microstructures to larger scale, on the other, is generally established. The remaining size related challenge is at the nanoscale roughly between 1and 100 molecules diameters where the fundamental properties of materials are determined and can be engineered. A revolution has been occurring in science and technology, based on the recently developed ability to measure, manipulate and organize matter on this scale. Recently discovered organized structures of matter (such as Carbon Nanotubes, molecular motors, DNA-based assemblies, quantum dots and molecular switches) and new phenomenous are scientific breakthrough that merely hints at possible future developments. However formidable challenges remain in fundamental understanding of the systems on this scale before the potential of nanotechnology can be realized.

6 ref

019530   Padmavathy R;Jasmine Vasantharani E; Santhakumari S (Physics Dep, Seethalakshmi Ramaswamy College, Thiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, Email: santhisigc@gmail.com) : Comparative study of specific acoustic impedance and transport properties of sulfa compounds using ultrasonic velocity. Int J pharm Sci Res 2014, 5(9), 3775-8.

Measurement of ultrasonic velocity in non-aqueous solution gives information about the behavior of solution such as molecular association and disassociation. The attraction and repulsion between the molecules of the components involved show considerable effect upon the physical and chemical properties of a solution such as density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity. The ultrasonic velocity data combined with density and viscosity provides the standard means for determining the acoustical parameters and internal pressure, free volume. The Specific acoustic impendence in solutions can be used as a tool to estimate the strength of intermolecular attraction. Internal pressure (πi) and free volume (Vf) are the transport properties, which are useful in understanding the intra and inter molecular interactions. Internal pressure gives an idea of the solubility characteristics. Sulphanilamide is a parent compound and also the potent antibiotic which is important in urinary tract infections and meningococcal meningitis profilaxes1. Another sample Sulphadiazine is the Sulphonamide potent antibiotic and it is a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial enzyme dihydropterate synthesis.

14 ref

018444   Yadav A K;Gautam C R (Physics Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007, Email: yadav.av11@gmail.com) : Structural and optical studies of Fe₂O₃ doped barium strontium titanate borosilicate glasses. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(1), 42-8.

Perovskite (Ba,Sr)TiO₃ borosilicate glasses in the system 64[(Ba_1-xSr_x). TiO₃]-30[2SiO₂.B₂O₃]-5[K₂O]-1[Fe₂O ₃] (0.4≤x≥1.0) were prepared by conventional melt-quench method. Synthesized glass samples were characterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopic techniques for their structural investigations while optical properties of these glasses have been studied by using UV-Vis NIR spectroscopy. These investigations confirm the absence of boroxol ring in glassy matrix. Optical band gap of barium strontium titanate borosilicate glasses lies in the range 2.48-2.87 eV and its density has been found to be in the range 2.70-3.12 g/cc.

6 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref

018443   Shivraj;Siddlingeshwar B;Hanagodimath S M (Physics Dep, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore-560 054, Email: sidduphysics@gmail.com) : Studies on spectral variation of 2AAQ with solvent properties. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(1), 18-26.

In order to understand the nature and extent of solute-solvent interactions, the spectral variations of 2-amino-9, 10-anthraquinone (2AAQ) molecule are analyzed by using the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) concept formulated by Katritzky et al^{15. The independent contributions of general and specific solute-solvent interactions have been calculated using multiple linear regression analysis method. The strength of the dipolarity and polarizability interaction is more than the specific solute-solvent interactions. Further, the solvation studies in cyclohexane (CHX) - ethyl acetate (EA) and ethyl acetate (EA) - acetonitrile (AN) solvent mixtures indicate that this dye is preferentially solvated by CHX in CHX-EA solvent mixture and EA in EA-AN except in the case of EA₂₀AN₈₀ where solute molecule is preferentially solvated by AN rather than EA. The ground- and excited-state dipole moments of 2AAQ have been estimated by solvatochromic shift method. The change in dipole moment is calculated using the correlation of microscopic solvent polarity parameter with the Stoke's shift. The ground state dipole moments are predicted theoretically in gas phase by Gaussian 03 software using B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory and by semi-empirical method (PM6).}

6 illus, 8 tables, 36 ref

018442   Sharma D;Vaid R (Physics and Electronics Dep, Jammu Univ, 180-006, Jammu) : Investigating the effect of buried oxide (box) in the drift region of a super junction mosfet. Invertis J Sci Technol 2014, 8(1), 48-53.

Authors propose a new SJMOSFET (Super junction MOSFET) with buried oxide in its drift region. The proposed device is simulated using PISCES-II, a 2-D numerical device simulator. The results show ah improvement in the breakdown performance as compared to the conventional SJMOSFET due to a reduction in the vertical electric field. In addition, the proposed device i.e. in NBOXI-SJMOSFET shows a linear relation between the B_v and R_on as compared to the conventional device. Various results obtained reveal that the device having BOX in the n-pillar gives the better results. The breakdown voltage has been increased fay about 20.439% in NBOX I-SJMOSFET leading to improvement in various other performance parameters with BOX in the n-pillar as compared to BOX in the p-pillar and conventional device.

7 illus, 2 tables, 36 ref

018441   Salehi N;Azizi M;Rajabi A A (Basic Science Dep, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Shahrood, Iran, Email: salehi@shahroodut.ac.in) : Dirac-Yukawa problem with coulomb like tensor interaction via Ansatz method. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(1), 12-17.

In the present study, the solution of Dirac equation for Yukawa potential including the Coulomb-like potential tensor interaction term has been investigated. In order to obtain the solution of the problem, Yukawa potential has been expanded by using Taylor extension to the power of seventh and brought out its simple from. The energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions are obtained using the Ansatz method. The deuteron mass has also been reported by considering the effects of hyperfine interactions on the relativistic energy spectra of nucleon. The obtained result shows that deuteron mass is found to be in good agreement with the experimental value.

1 table, 42 ref

018440   Roy P;Martha T R;Vinod Kumar K (National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Hyderabad-500 037, Email: roy.priyom@gmail.com) : Assessment of the sunkoshi (Nepal) landslide using multitemporal satellite images. Curr Sci 2014, 107(12), 1961-5.

5 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

018439   Rana N;Subhash Chand;Arvind Kumar (Physics Dep, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Email: neharana1987@gmail.com) : Preparation and characterization of sol gel derived ZnO thin film. Invertis J Sci Technol 2014, 8(1), 32-5.

The structural and optical properties of ZnO thin film prepared by sol gel process using spin coating technique on glass substrate was investigated. Spin coated ZnO film was dried at 300°C and then annealed at 600°C. The XRD analysis revealed single-phase ZnO with hexagonal zincite structure. The absorption edge revealed that the optical band gap energy for the film was between 3.26-3.27eV and electronic transition was direct transition type.

3 illus, 13 ref

018438   Prasher R;Dass D;Vaid R (Physics and Electronics Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006, Email: rakeshvaid@gmail.com) : Comparative study of InSb and InAs based nanowire MOSFET with Si based nanowire MOSFET for inm diameter. Invertis J Sci Technol 2014, 8(1), 40-7.

Authors have compared I nm diameter Indium Arsenide and Indium Antimonide based nanowire MOSFET with / nm diameter Silicon based nanowire MOSFET (Si-NWMOSFET), both gives excellent on and off characteristics than Si-NWMOSFET. The device metrics considered at the nanometer scale are Subthreshold swing (S), Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL), On and Off current, Carrier Injection Velocity (vinj) etc. The results advise us that InSb and InAs channeled Nanowire MOSFET has the highest Ion and lowest loff values. Besides, InSb NWMOSFET has the highest values for lon/I off ratio, vinj, transconductance (gm) and improved short channel effect (S = 59.82 and DIBL = 0 84 both values is very closed to ideal condition). More results such as effect of quantum capacitance vs. Vgs, Ids vs. Vgs-Vds, gm/ld vs. Vgs, average velocity vs. Vg, DIBL and Subthreshold Slope (SS) for three different NWMOSFETs has been investigated. Results obtained suggest that InSb and InAs nanowire channels appear to be applicable for high performance logic and even low operating, power requirements.

10 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

018437   Patel G P I;Rane D S (Physics Dep, Dadasaheb D. N. Bhole College, Bhusawal, Email: dsrane07@gmail.com) : Effect of insulation on heat retention and saving of cooking fuel for heating water. Invertis J Sci Technol 2014, 8(1), 54-7.

Every day in number of families in Maharashtra, water for bath is heated on the cooking gas from subsidized L. P. G cylinders. Various types of pots and kitchen utensils are used for this purpose. Generally water in the quantity of 3 to 5 liters is heated up to boiling for each person of the family. During the process of heating there is continues heat exchange between heating pot and its environment. This heat is absolutely waste. Here efforts were taken to provide the insulation to the pot and results of heat retention were taken. The relented heat is utilized to heat the water to save the cooking fuel. During present investigation, the pot of 5 liter capacity was heated on high burner and observed for results direct heating as well as with providing insulation to the pot. Cardboard covers of old note books were used for insulation to the pot. Estimation of the saving of cooking fuel and its cost in INR is calculated in present paper. The actual application of this methodology in kitchen may result in solution of energy crisis on large extent.

1 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

018436   Kurrey M S;Diwan B D (Physics Dep, Govt. Engg. College, Bilaspur-495 009, Email: mskurrey1678@gmail.com) : Thermo-luminescence properties of new ZnO nano-phosphors exposed to gamma irradiation. Invertis J Sci Technol 2014, 8(1), 36-9.

Authors synthesized the novel ZnO nano-phosphors by sol-gel method with a narrow size distribution. We have exposed ZnO nano-phosphors samples in Gamma (γ) radiation to investigate their thermo-luminescence (TL) intensity as a function of temperature. We have studied the thermo-luminescence response in the dose range 0.29-1.16 kGy and increases with increase in the dose. The TL intensity increases with temperature and attains its maximum value near 200°C and decreases after this temperature.

4 illus, 13 ref

018435   Kaya A;Sevgili O;Altindal S;Ozturk M K (Opticianry Dep, Vocational School of Medical Sciences, Turgut Ozal Univ, 06370, Ankara, Turkey, Email: ahmetkaya0171@hotmail.com) : Current condition mechanism in Au/n-4H-Sic schottky barrier diodes. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(1), 56-65.

Au/n-4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) were fabricated and their temperature and voltage dependence of saturation current (I_o), ideality factor (n), barrier height (φ_bo), series and shunt resistances (R_s, R_sh) values were obtained by using current-voltage (I-V) measurements in the temperature range 110-400 K. The values of I_o, n and φ_bo were found as 3.00 10^{-14A, 3.41 and 0.39 eV at 110 K and 7.7510-7A, 1.64 and 0.90 eV at 400 K, respectively. The φ_bo-q/2kT plot was drawn to obtain an evidence of a Gaussian distribution (GD) of the barrier heights (BHs). The mean BH (φ_bo) and standard deviation (σ_o) values have been extracted from the intercept and slope of this plot is as 1.089 eV and 0.127 V, respectively. The φ_bo and Richardson constant (A*) values were obtained from the modified Ln(I_o/T2)-(q2σ2_s/2k2< D>T2) versus q/kT plot as 1.093 eV and 160.6 A.cm-2K-2 which can be considered as close to the theoretical value 146 A.cm-2K-2, respectively. Voltage dependent activation energy (E_a) value was also obtained from the In(I_o/T2)-q/kT and In(I_o/T2)-q/nkT plots in the voltage range 0.05-0.50 V with 0.05 V steps and it is found that it decreases with increasing voltage. The temperature dependence of I-V characteristics in Au/n-4H-SiC diodes can be successfully explained on the basis of a TE mechanism with GD of the BHs.}

12 illus, 49 ref

018434   He Y;Qiu X;Cao Y;Zeng Y (NO, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, No. 219, Ningliu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, Email: xfqiu135@nuist.edu.cn) : Estimation of monthly average sunshine duration over China based on cloud fraction from MODIS satellite data. Curr Sci 2014, 107(12), 2013-18.

Sunshine duration (SSD) model described herein combines meteorological observation data from an extensive network of weather stations, MODIS satellite cloud cover data, and a high-resolution digital elevation model to produce high-resolution SSD maps of China. The model yielded low difference between the measured and estimated values at 672 standard weather stations. The mean absolute bias error (MABE) of the monthly mean daily SSD for 2001-2003 was 0.15-0.26 h and the relative bias error (RABE) was 2.34-4.64%. To further validate the model, the observation data from the intensive weather stations (with high spatial resolution) in Jiangsu and Qinghai not used in the calculations, were used for comparison with the estimated values. The annual mean MABE values in Jiangsu and Qinghai during 2001-2003 were less than 0.5 h, and the annual mean RABE values below 5%. Thus, one can conclude that the SSD model is reliable and stable. The spatial distribution of the SSD was also examined, which indicated that the macroscopic distribution of SSD in China determined using MODIS satellite data was more objective and more detailed than the distribution by interpolation of weather station observations of SSD.

4 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

018433   Gogoi S J (Physics Dep, Tinsukia College, Tinsukia, Assam) : Stability of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Lincus linifolia in aqueous media. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2014, 3(1), 321-7.

Silver nanoparticles are synthesized from leaves extract of traditional medicinal plant lincus linifolia, used locally in influenza, cough, skin diseases, malaria, worm, sinus sitites etc for healing, by green synthesis method in aqueous media and formation of Ag Nano particles are confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, EDX and SEM. Though no external polymeric external capping agents are used, the existence of Ag nano particles range 60-90nm in aqueous media after two months later from synthesizing period strongly agree bio-organic compounds present in the sample plays a role for stabilization of nano particles.

20 ref

018432   Elmahroug Y;Tellili B;Souga C (NO, Univ of de Tunis El.Manar, Faculty des Science de Tunis, Unite de rech, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie, Email: youssef_phy@hotmail.fr) : Study of the performance of hadron calorimeter using Monte Carlo techniques. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(1), 7-11.

In the present paper, the linearity and the energy resolution of a hadron calorimeter based on Glass Resistive Plate Chambers (GRPCs) as an active element and lead as an absorber are examined for two operation modes, analog and digital by using Geant4 simulation toolkit. This investigation has been carried out in order to develop a hadron calorimeter for the future linear collider International Linear Collider.

4 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

018431   Arunkarthick S;Bijeesh M M;Vetcha A S;Rastogi N;Nandakumar P;Varier G K (Physics Dep, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Email: geethakv@goa.bits-pilani.ac.in) : Design and construction of a confocal laser scanning microscope for biomolecular imaging. Curr Sci 2014, 107(12), 1965-9.

Confocal fluorescence microscopy has established itself now as an indispensable tool for biomedical and biomolecular research. However, the rigid design and high cost of the commercially available confocal microscopes have limited its wider usage. Here we report on the development of a confocal laser scanning microscope and demonstrate the three-dimensional sectioning capability of the microscope. The design is versatile and cost-effective, and can be constructed using components normally available in an optics laboratory with minimum amount of additional expenditure. Detailed description of the design and alignment procedure is given so that this note can serve as a primer for construction of a simple confocal microscope.

4 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

018430   Anjali Devi;Kumar R;Sachdeva R;Parihar U; Sharma R;Panchal C J;Padha N (NO, Univ of Jammu Baba Sahib Ambedker Road, Jammu Tawi-180 006, Email: nareshpadha@yahoo.com) : Fabrication and characterization of SnSeTe thin films and their schottky diodes. Invertis J Sci Technol 2014, 7(4), 195-202.

Thin films of SnSeTe alloy have been deposited on soda lime glass substrate at 323K as well as 503K by thermal evaporation technique in a vacuum coating unit. Films deposited at 503K were found to be of polycrystalline nature with preferred orientation along (121) planes on the basis of the X-ray studies while the surface morphology studied on the basis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the films to be homogenous over the entire coverage area. The films deposited at 503K was found to possess optical band gap - 0.8eV and demonstrated its use for various optoelectronic device applications. Ag/p-SnSeTe Schottky diodes were fabricated by depositing silver dots of the areas 9x10^{-2, 9x10-3 and 6x10-3 cm2 over 400nm SnSeTe films deposited on Al coated glass substrates. The fabricated schottky diodes were undertaken for current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) behaviour.}

8 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

018429   Akca B;Erzeneoglu A Z;Gurbulak B (Physics Dep, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk Univ, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey, Email: burcu.akca@atauni.edu.tr) : Measurement of γ-ray transmission factors of semiconductor crystals at various annealing temperature and time. Indian J pure appl Phys 2015, 53(1), 49-55.

In the present study, the change according to the annealing temperature and time of γ-ray transmission factors or transmissivity of InSe, InSe:Sn semiconductor crystals that prepared by not evaporated onto the stage (glass) and InSe, InSe:Mn, InSe:Fe, InSe:Ag, InSe:Cd, InSe:Sn and InSe:Gd semiconductor crystals that prepared by evaporated onto the stage (glass), have been examined. Gamma-rays of ^{241Am passed through crystals have been detected by a high-resolution Si(Li) detector and by using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF). Undoped-InSe and Mn, Fe, Ag, Cd, Sn, Gd doped InSe semiconductor crystals have been grown by using the Bridgman/Stockbarger. Evaporated onto the stage crystals have been prepared by using thin-film coatings system with thermal evaporation method. The structural and lattice parameters of the InSe and InSe:Sn semiconductors have been analyzed by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Transmission factors have been given graphically against the annealing temperature and time for time range 0 (unannealed)-60 min with a step of 10 min. Also, transmission factors have been measured for annealing temperature range 50-(combustion temperature of the crystal) with a step of 50°C for not evaporated onto the stage semiconductor crystals. Transmission factors have been measured for annealing temperature range 60°C-(cracking temperature of the stage) with a step of 60°C for evaporated onto the stage crystals. Results are presented and discussed in the present paper.}

19 illus, 11 ref