007273   Al-Herrawy A Z;Gad M A (Water Pollution Research Dep, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt, Email: mahmoudafw@yahoo.com) : First detection and molecular identification of Naegleria fowleri from ground water, Egypt. Pollut Res 2016, 35(1), 1-6.

Members of genus Naegleria are free-living amoebae distributed in various aquatic environments till now. Naegleria fowleri is the only species that can cause fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in humans. A total of 52 ground water samples were collected from four cities in Giza governorate, Egypt, for detection of Naegleria species using non-nutrient agar medium incubated at 45°C. The isolated strains of Naegleria spp. were identified based on the morphologic criteria of trophozoite, flagellated and cyst stages. Molecular characterization of the isolated strains of amoebae was performed by using PCR. The obtained results showed that heat-tolerant Naegleria spp. was found in 23.1% of the examined wells. Naegleria fowleri (a primary amoebic encephalitis agent) was identified by PCR in 7.7% of the examined wells. Naegleria fowleri was detected in ground water from El-Ayyat and El-Badrashin cities, but not from Auseem and El-Hawamdia cities. To the best of our knowledge, there was no previous record concerning Naegleria fowleri in ground water in Egypt.

6 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

007272   Ahmed S;Panwar R M;Sharma A (Civil Engineering Dep, Jamia Milia Islamia, Delhi) : E-waste management and handling in India: Modeling of enablers (drivers) using an interpretive structural modeling (ISM). Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(4), 305-13.

The aim of this article is to analyze the interaction of various enablers (drivers) in management and handling of e-waste in India, which paves the way for an efficient e-waste management either by effective recycling/reuse or through safe and secure disposal for sustainable development. After review of literature on e-waste management in India and other countries, major driving factors of e-waste management have been identified. The literature review coupled with the experts' opinion revealed during various field visits was instrumental in developing the relationship matrix, which is further used in the development of an Interpretive Structural Model (ISM).

3 illus, 5 tablesd, 37 ref

007271   Abdullah M Z;Manap N R A;Saat A;Hamzah Z (Faculty of Applied Science, Teknologi MARA (Pahang), 26400, Malaysia, Email: umizah@pahang.uitm.edu.my) : Assessment of surface water metal pollution based on pollution load ineex (PLI) supported by multivariate statistical analysis. Pollut Res 2016, 35(1), 29-35.

This study was conducted to assess the distribution of selected metal concentrations in surface river water, which indirectly indicate the quality of studied river. Ten (10) stations were selected along the river and water samples in duplicates were collected using polyethylene bottle sampled during the pre-monsoon (October, 2013). The water samples were digested according to the standard method and were analyzed for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Ni, Pb, and Zn using ICP-MS. The mean concentrations (ppb) of the respective metals were 0.11 ± 0.06, 8.67 ± 8.19, 4.80 ± 1.96, 31.26 ± 17.98, 64.11 ± 42.42, 17.99 ± 10.10, 4.81 ± 3.59, and 20.58 ± 16.07. The variation of heavy metals levels was very significant with the relative standard deviation measured were within 40.19% (Cr) and 94.46% (Co). Cd was found at the lowest concentration range while Li was the highest. The metals' pollution was evaluated by contamination factor (CF) followed by pollution load index (PLI). The mean of CF clearly indicated that the river was extremely contaminated with Li but not with Pb. The high values of PLI index at all study stations strongly suggest that the river was polluted with the studied metals at a certain level. Cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to treat the data set. The results of CA and PCA clearly indicated that the metals were emitted by two different sources.

2 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

006297   Yustiani Y M (Environmental Engineering Dep, Pasundan Univ, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 193, Bandung 40153, Indonesia, Email: yonik@unpas.ac.id) : Determination of deoxygenation rate of rivers located in the urban areas to characterize the pollutants. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 475-81.

The deoxygenation coefficient is the use of oxygen in the process of organic matter decomposition and nitrification. The deoxygenation process for highly polluted rivers mainly crossing the urban areas has rarely been determined, therefore, this research aims to specify the range of the rate which can later be used for modeling purposes. Water samples were taken from 2 rivers in Indonesia, Cikapundung and Citepus. Dissolved oxygen (DO) usage was then being analyzed daily for 10 days. Slope method, proposed by Thomas was used to calculate the deoxygenation rate. The laboratory analyses and calculation results show that Cikapundung River and Citepus River have deoxygenation rate ranges between 0.010-0.370 day^{-1 and 0.031-0.480 day-1 respectively, while the BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) ultimate concentration range are 1.17-75.08 mg/L and 14.80-80.80 mg/L respectively. The rates acquired are relatively low compared to that of empirical equation results. It indicates that the degradation process is not optimal, probably due to the high concentration of pollutants that inhibit the degradation process. It will give a strong recommendation on controlling the heavy metals, toxic, and chemical pollutants discharged into the river, especially at the point that has low flow rate. Improvement of river water quality needs to be held concerning those kinds of pollutants.}

11 illus, 30 ref

006296   Virapan S;Saravanane R;Murugaiyan V (Larsen & Tourbo Limited, , Chennai, Email: virapans@gmail.com) : Study on reverse osmosis reject handling of food industry waste water. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 511-14.

The waste water generated from food industry will have high level of pollutant even though highly degradable. The required treatment scheme to achieve Zero discharge shall be very elaborate scheme and plant capital & operating shall be very high. Even though some states, categorized Food units as in Orange category, units has to implement Zero Liquid discharge, to meet local pollution control Board conditions. While evaluating the suitable treatment scheme for treating and reusing of High pollutant waste water generated from food it is reveling that most suitable treatment shall be Effluent Treatment Plant followed by Reverse Osmosis Plant and finally evaporator to handle high TDS water to achieve Zero liquid Discharge. Even though most of the existing Food industries have implemented effluent treatment plant to meet earlier local pollution control board requirement, they are finding difficulty in implementing Zero Liquid Discharge due to the high TDS RO reject water handling and disposal. This article has been prepared as a solution finding for RO Reject water handling for the plant capacity of 220 KLD.

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006295   Vimala K;Radhika Shree M (Commerce Dep, Quaid Millath College of Women, Chennai, Email: vimalagopi2003@gmail.com) : Study of e-waste. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 629-30.

New electronic products being launched with the result of rapid advancement in technology, along with improved versions of existing products such as laptops and mobile phones are flooding the market on a daily basis. This, coupled with an increase in the buying power of individuals, is resulting in decrease electronic products shelf life. These results causing an accretion of electronic waste that activate the need to recycle electronic products; which entail the fact that the recycling industry will continuously have its share in the market. Developing countries like as China, India and Africa are facing the heat of the e-waste being unlawfully dumped in these countries from the developed countries such as U.S and UK.. The majority of these electronic products are plunked in these countries since no facilities exist for safe recycling of these products. This paper aims to analyze the trend in the global e-waste management and support needs of e-waste management market.

2 illus, 3 ref

006294   Udhaya Kumar T;Neeraja B;Prabhkar K (SRM Univ, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, SRM Univ, Faculty of Manage, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Email: udhayakumart@yahoo.com) : Environmental impact of e-waste. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 601-3.

In the most recent years, there is an expanding affirmation of our effect on the earth because of our way of life, while the need to embrace a more manageable methodology concerning our utilization propensities rises as of specific criticalness. This pattern respects modern parts influencing the utilization propensities and, particularly, electronic industry where the short life cycles and the quickly creating innovation have prompted expanded e-waste volumes. The dominant part of ewaste components are directed to landfills. On the other hand, their incomplete recyclability, because of their material piece alongside the unavoidable confinements in landfills, has prompted the improvement of recovery systems for their reusing and re-utilization, highlighting the centrality of e-waste reusing, Not just from a waste administration perspective additionally from a profitable materials' recovery perspective.

13 ref

006293   Thirupathy U;Praveen Kumar P (NO, Saveetha School of Management Saveetha Univ, Chennai) : Assessment of the level of awareness of e-waste management amongst the professional students. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 615-18.

The purpose of this study is to determine the awareness of e-waste and recycling among professional students. Primary data have been collected through questionnaire. Questionnaire includes demographic profile of the professional students and 13 likert scale questions related to their awareness of e-waste and recycling. The research was conducted within qualitative perspective as a special case study. Data for the study were collected from 45 MBA students from the deemed university, Chennai. Frequency analysis, mean analysis and factor analysis have been adopted to find out the awareness of e-waste and recycling among professional students. This study finds that the professional students are having good awareness about toxic/hazardous materials related to e-waste.

7 tables, 6 ref

006292   Sreekuttan Unnithan C;George P M;Shubhashree N S;Unnithan H (Chemistry Dep, DB College, Sasthamcotta, Kollam, Kerala, Email: drmgrres@gmail.com) : Hydrological studies of selected lakes of Kerala, India. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 619-22.

This work deals with a comparative study of hydrology of three important lakes in Kerala, viz, Ashtamudi salt water lake, Sasthamcotta fresh water lake and Pookote fresh water lake using the available data. It is seen that all the water quality parameters lie within the limits of WHO standards in the case of the two fresh water bodies, while Ashtamudi salt water lake shows deviation. The parameters like conductivity, hardness, TDS and alkaline salts of salt water lake show variations when compared to fresh water lakes. Further comparing the water quality of the two fresh water bodies it is found that Pookote Lake maintains a better status. As the Sasthamcotta Lake is a drinking water source for thousands of people, special care should be taken to avert the bacterial contamination and pollution. Since the degradation of water quality of Sasthamcotta Lake is a serious threat to the society, proper management action plan and effective steps have to be implemented drastically.

1 table, 8 ref

006291   Solanki N R;Acharya C A (Zoology Dp, Opp Chowpati, Athwa Lines, Surat, Gujarat, Email: nitins911@yahoo.co.in) : Physico- chemical characteristics of 'Ugat vaniya lake' in Surat city, Gujarat, India. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2016, 7(4), 4996-5001.

The study deals with some physico - chemical parameters of Ugat Vaniya Lake of Surat city, India, during the period of April - May-2009 to February - March - 2010 to evaluate of water quality. The present study was undertaken to know the water pollution level in lake therefore some parameters like temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, turbidity, TDS, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, chloride and sodium were analyzed at regular bimonthly during study period. The result shows various seasonal effects as well as influence of human at site.

1 table, 34 ref

006290   Solanki M K;Gupta O P (NO, b, c) : Physicochemical qualitative analysis of river water, underground water and pond water of Rewa city, Madhya Pradesh, India. J Modern Chem chem Technol 2016, 7(3), 17-34.

In this research, study of physical-chemical qualitative analysis of river water, underground water and pond water of Rewa city, Madhya Pradesh, India in the year of 2016 has been done. All the water samples are within prescribed limits as suggested by the World Health Organization, Indian Standard Institute and BIS desirable limit. Yearly variation in physical and chemical parameters like temperature, turbidity, color, odor, pH value, total hardness, calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), total alkalinity (like hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate) chloride (Cl-), total dissolved solid (TDS), sulfate (SO42-) etc. All analyzed parameter data were found in desirable or not desirable limits.

8 ref

006289   Shubhankar B;Ambade B (Chemistry Dep, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Jamshedpur-831 014, Email: 2013rsch001@nitjsr.ac.in) : Investigation, characterization and toxicity evaluation of carbonaceous carbon (PM_2.5) durning burning of incense and mosquito coil in the indoor environment. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 503-9.

In this work, the concentration and fluxes of particulates and carbons emitted during fuming of incense (IS) and mosquito coil (MC) materials are described. The concentration of PM_2.5 in the indoor environments during fuming of IS and MC (n = 10 each) materials was ranged from 1374 - 7645 and 260 - 677 μg/m^{3 with mean value of 4054 ± 3233 and 392.70 ± 210 μg/m3, respectively. Whereas, the concentration of PM₁₀ ranged from 1465 - 8597 and 384 - 784 μg/m3 with mean value of 4296 ± 3284 and 522.4 ± 209 μg/m3, respectively. The mean PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio for IS and MC materials was found to be 0.94 ± 0.02 and 0.75 ± 0.01, respectively. The concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was almost same; therefore the detailed investigation of the PM_2.5 was carried out. The mean concentration (n = 10) of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) in the fine mode with IS materials was 733 ± 327 and 2209 ± 1949 μg/m3, respectively. The mean BC and OC concentration with MC materials was 107±11 and 215±55 μg/m3, respectively. Relatively higher concentration (7-9 folds) of the BC and OC was observed with the IS particulates.}

7 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

006288   Sharma S;Kaur S;Kaur G (Family Resource Management Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana) : Awareness of green concumerism among working women of Ludhiana. Indian J soc Res 2016, 57(3), 429-39.

Green Consumerism is consumers' concern about environment and their responsible behaviour for saving eco-system. The present study aims to know the awareness regarding concept of green consumerism among five categories of professionals viz. Doctors, Engineers, Agricultural Scientists, Home Scientists and College/School lecturers from Ludhiana City. Information was gathered from 125 working women through distributed questionnaires which tested the knowledge of respondents regarding green consumerism concept, green and non green products and selected eco marks. The results indicated that Agricultural Scientists and Home Scientists were well aware of most of the aspects of green consumerism. Majority of the respondents had knowledge about many eco-marks. But only a few respondents (13.60%) were aware of Eco-mark given by Bureau of Indian standards. It is suggested that mass awareness programmes be undertaken to make the public aware of green consumerism and need for protecting environment.

1 illus, 7 tables, 16 ref

006287   Shah C;Sikka J (Botany Dep, P.M.B. Gujarati Science College, Indore-452 001, Email: charudream1@gmail.com) : Water quality analysis and impact of treated and untreated water of river-Khan on tomato plants Lycopersicon esculentum L.. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 521-31.

In this study at Indore city Madhya Pradesh, Kabirkheri was selected as study area where Sewage Treatment Plant is also situated. The plants of Lycopersicon esculentum L. Pussa early ruby, grown in pots and irrigated with UTE (untreated) and TE (treated) sewage water were analysed for heavy metal accumulation, growth and biochemical parameters at 15, 13, 45 & 60 days stages. Plants irrigated with UTE water showed a maximum increase in root length, shoot length, fresh weight of root and shoot dry weight of root and shoot in 60 days old samples as compared to those irrigated with ETP treated water and tap water. The study indicated the availability of more nutrients including nitrogen in UTE water promoting vegetative growth. Also chlorophyll content (chl-a, chl-b, total chlorophyll), carotenoids, total kjeldahl nitogen, peroxidase activity, nitrate reductase activity, leaf protein and the reproductive characteristics have been significantly increased, while a considerable decrease in anthocyanin content was observed in L. esculentum plants irrigated with UTE water. All the selected Physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals were higher at Kabirkheri indicating maximum pollution load at this site while very high accumulation of heavy metal, in root and shoot sample is suggestive of L. esculentum as hyper accumulator of Lead and Nickel.

6 illus, 5 tables, 33 ref

006286   Satashiya K;Patel K G;Bambhaneeya S M (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, N. M. College of Agriculture.Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari, Gujarat, Email: ketansatashiya@yahoo.co.in) : Assessment of micronutrients contamination in soil around different industrial belt of Gujarat. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(3), 87-90.

A preliminary survey work was taken up during the year 2014-2015. Assessment of micronutrient (Ke, Mn, Zn and Cu) contamination in soil around industrial areas of Gujarat like, Vapi, Ankleshwar and Sachin. Concentration levels of the micronutrient were determined using Perkin-Elmer Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, (ICP-MS). the result showed that the concentrations of analyzed micronutrient range from Fe content 13.6 to 29.5 mg/kg with mean value of 21.6 mg/kg, Mn content 10.3 to 21.2 mg/kg, Mn value of 14.2, Zn content 2.4 to 8.2 with mean value of 5.5 mg/kg and Cu content 2.1 to 5.6 mg/kg with mean value of 3.8 mg/kg in fields situated within the 2 km area of Ankleshwar, Sachin and Vapi GIDC. While, Fe content in fields situated in outside Fe content 13.2 to 26.0 mg/kg with mean value of and 19.6 mg/kg. Mn content 7.2 to 20.4 mg/kg mean value of 12.0 mg/kg, respectively. Zn content 2.1 to 8.6 mg/kg with mean value of 4.6 and Cu content 3.0 to 5.3 mg/kg mean value of 3.2 ing/kg. Hence the agriculture soil situated within 2 km and out-side 2 km area of Ankleshwar, Sachin and Vapi G1DC industrial area of Gujarat, dose not indicated any micronutrient contaminant regarding industrial areas it all were found below maximum permissible limit in soil.

1 table, 12 ref

006285   Ranghar S;Bauthiyal M (Biotechnology Dep, G.B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri-Garhwal Uttarakhand, Email: mamtabaunthiyal@yahoo.co.in) : Ecological damage in the vicinity of two industrial areas of Uttarakhand. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(1-2), 179-86.

Pollutants from industries can directly affect plants via leaves or indirectly via soil and water. A study was carried near industrial areas of Dehradun and Kotdwara cities of Uttarakhand to evaluate the risk of pollution on water, soil and natural vegetation near industrial area. Water samples were checked for Total dissolved solids (TDS), Turbidity, pH, Alkalinity, Fluoride, Chloride and Total hardness. The soil sample was checked for pH and number of microorganism. The natural vegetation was checked for various biochemical parameters. The estimation of chlorophyll (a and b), Carotenoid, pheophytin (a and b), protein, peroxidase activity were studied in the species such as Tagetes, Brassica, Rosa, Morinda and Murraya. Result were obtained and compared with the control (2kms apart from sampling area). The study concluded that industrial area may be polluted with organic pollutants which resulted in change in some chemical parameters of water mainly total hardness and change in soil pH. Plant pigment and protein level was reduced in sample collected from polluted areas. The pheophytin a and b and peroxidase activity was enhanced in leaves of polluted area due to increased stress level and microbial diversity was reduced near industrial areas.

5 illus, 5 tables, 18 ref

006284   Radhikaashree M;Balakrishnan C (Faculty of Management Studies, Dr. M.G.R. Educational & Research Institute Univ, Chennai, Tamilnadu, Email: rathihagayathri@yahoo.com) : Case stufy of residents around Kodungaiyur, Chennai, Tamilnadu for household solid waste management. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 639-44.

Improper solid waste management causes pollution and health risk, which is a main concern in environmental management in developing countries. In most cities, the use of open dumps is common for the disposal of wastes, resulting in soil and water resource contamination. The research paper surveys the current household Solid Waste Management (SWM) with reference of residents around Kodungaiyur, Chennai and the data were collected through questionnaire format of different household waste generators. Total 200 households were interviewed and the results of the data collection were interpreted with the help of SPSS. The survey indicated that majority of the residents are very much concerned about the poor condition of the environment due to the inappropriate and improper SWM in Chennai Corporation. Very few of the localities are having knowledge about reuse, reprocess, and compost. The residents are not much satisfied with the service of the corporation in regard with SWM. This paper suggests some local effective SWM strategies.

1 illus, 5 tables, 6 ref

006283   Prasad S V M;Rao B S (NO, Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, K.Kotturu, Tekkali-532 201) : Influence of plant-based coagulants in waste water treatment. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(3), 45-8.

Coagulation and flocculation by adding chemicals are the methods that are usually used for water treatment. These types of treatment facilities are difficult and also expensive. So there is an increased demand for the innovative, low maintenance and energy efficient technology for water treatment. This study is concerned with the coagulation activity of extracts of various plant-based coagulants such as "Moringa Oleifera", "Tamarindus Indica". The aim was to ascertain the above mentioned plant-based coagulants in the influence of coagulation activity. The results indicated that Moringa Oleifera Seed Powder showed better influence in removal of physico-chemical parameters such as turbidity, pH, alkalinity, hardness etc., whereas Tamarindus Indica seed powder is better in removal of heavy metals from waste water when compare to Moringa Oleifera Seed Powder. Application of this low cost plant-based coagulants are recommended for eco-friendly, nontoxic, simplified water treatment where rural and peri-urban people living in extreme poverty are presently drinking contaminated water.

2 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

006282   Prasad K V S (Electrical & Electronics Engineering Dep, GMR Institute of Technology, RAJAM, Srikakulam-532 127, Email: prasad.kvs@gmrit.org) : Electronic waste - an emerging threat to the environment and health. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 587-93.

Electronics industry is the world's largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry. Electronic waste (E-waste) is one of the fastest growing waste streams in the country. E-Waste is generated from old, discarded or obsolete electronic products. E-Waste can be toxic in nature because it contains hazardous metals such as lead, mercury and cadmium that negatively impact the environment and human health. In India as well as other developing countries, the majority of electronic products are not recycled, which poses a serious environmental and health risk. E-waste problem is of global concern due to the production and disposal of waste in a globalized world. India is the fifth biggest producer of e-waste in the world, behind the U.S., China, Japan and Germany; discarding 1.7 million tonnes (Mt) of electronic and electrical equipment in 2014. Most E-waste in the world in 2014 was generated in Asia at 16 Mt, i.e. 3.7 kg per inhabitant. The top three Asian nations with the highest E-waste generation in absolute quantities are China (6.0 Mt), Japan (2.2 Mt) and India (1.7 Mt). The challenge is to develop innovative and cost- effective solutions to decontaminate polluted environments due to E-waste, to make them safe for human habitation and consumption, and to protect the functioning of the ecosystems which support life. Keeping this in view, the author made an attempt to analyze the concept and impact of E-waste on environment and health as the main aim of the paper. It also discusses the sources, composition, reasons and hazards of E-waste.

1 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

006281   Pramod Kumar (Botany Dep, Govt. P.G. College, New Tehri, Tehri, Garhwal-249 001, Email: drpramodrt@gmail.com) : Physico-chemical status of soil of a temperature Himalayan forest at Agrakh-Kunjapuri area of district Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(1-2), 147-52.

The study area Agrakhal-Kunjapuri lies in district Tehri Garhwal. The present area of investigation lies at 30° 5' N latitude and 78° 23' E longitudes ranging in elevation of temperate zone and is covered with dense oak forest. Soil samples were collected from representative sites of the study area in each season viz. winter, summer and rainy. From each site, the composite samples (mixture of three soil samples) were collected from different depths (0-10, 15-25, and 30-40 cm). Soil samples of each site was analyze for physio-chemical characteristics. The soil of the study area was of clay-loam type. The biotic disturbance was found to be a determining factor of community formation, along with topography, soil and moisture.

2 tables, 7 ref

006280   Patle C;Siddiqui N A (NO, Petroleum & Energy Studies Univ, Dehradun, Email: chetan.patle@gmail.com) : Pictorial HIRAC: a concept of incident prevention in oil and gas process industry. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(3), 27-9.

Oil and gas process industry is the most hazardous industry as it con tains flammable, volatile liquids and gases. Accidents are happening worldwide and major cause is the communication gap. Workers face difficulties in reading written documents of risk assessments available at the company. If workers are not given proper training on reading these risk assessment sheets, then it is useless. To avoid such communication gap, I want to introduce a newtechnique which is called Pictorial HIRAC through this paper. HIRAC is abbreviated as Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Control is a qualitative risk assessment approach to minimize all possible hazards and their associated risks in the work environment. It is an all new generation idea of converting a normal 'written HIRAC' into the 'Pictorial' form. Hazards Identification is also one of the fourteen pillars of PS M Process Safety Management where it is termed as Process Hazard Analysis. It is well understood that visual is better than written because it leaves 70 percent faster impressions than reading. Illustration by pictures can be easily understood by the workers. Through this paper we want to convey an idea of making Pictorial HIRAC for creating more awareness about the workplace safety.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

006279   Osman G A;Melegy A A (Bacteriology Lab., Water Pollution Research Dep, National Research Centre, 126 22 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, Email: gamalosmanali2005@yahoo.com) : Effect of anolyte water as disinfectant on microorganismsin some different water sources. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 447-57.

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the disinfection effect of anolyte water on microbes detected in different polluted sites. Samples were collected from outlet of Zenin Wastewater Plant, intake and finished water of El-Giza Drinking Water Treatment Plant, and ground water from eight wells in Rahawy Village region, Giza governorate, Egypt, during 2015. Results showed that, classical bacterial indicators were detected in Nile water and some wastewater samples, while they were absent from outlet of El-Giza Water Treatment Plant (except that total viable bacterial counts at 37°C and 22°C). Coliforms were detected in some samples of wells water (50% from all samples). Staphylococci group, Pseudomonas spp. total yeasts and total fungi were detected in ground water samples with averages 1.63, 2.83, 4.25 and 2.25 CFU/100 mL, respectively. Total yeasts and total fungi were counted in outlet of El-Giza Water Treatment Plant as 20.88 and 9.88 CFU/100mL, respectively. All samples which collected from different sites, when treated with anolyte water (0.5 and 1% concentrations, v/v for 20 minutes contact time for drinking water and Nile water, respectively, as well as 5% concentration, v/v for 30 minutes contact time for wastewater) as a biocidal agent, all the previously mentioned microbes were not detected. Physico-chemical parameters [pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe),] were estimated and appeared within permissible limits according to Egyptian Standard for drinking water and wastewater except Fe and Mn in groundwater samples. So, anolyte water can be considered as biocidal agent for inactivation of microbes in the aquatic environment.

8 tables, 67 ref

006278   Nihalani S;Vijay A;Bhardwaj S (Chemistry Dep, Govt. Meera Girls College, Udaipur-313 001, Email: sidsidsmart@yahoo.co.in) : Removal of contaminants from industrial effluents using nano photocatalyst BaO₃TiO.SrO₃TiO. Indian J chem Technol 2016, 23(5), 437-41.

Dyes are used widely in various colour industries like pulp, yarn, plastic etc. These dye materials are excreted in environment which pollutes it. A dye as case study, Brilliant Green has been removed through photo catalytic degradation process using a new semiconductor BaO₃TiO.SrO₃TiO. Optimum conditions are arrived at by varying pH, concentration of dye, amount of semiconductor, intensity of light etc. The process follows pseudo first order kinetics which is confirmed on kinetic parameters. Formation of non-toxic degraded products like NO₂, CO₂, H₂O etc. makes the process of immense importance. Participation of OH free radical is confirmed by scavenger study.

5 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

006277   Makhijani K;Sharma S K (Green Chemistry and Sustainability Research Group, Chemistry Dep, JECRC Univ, Jaipur-303 905, Email: kml21770@gmail.com) : Low density polyethylene (LDPE) films blended with pectin and guar gum: preparation, characterization and biodegradability. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 651-8.

In this study, biodegradability of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) with pectin and guar gum was studied. Samples with different concentrations of additives (as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) were prepared by physically mixing with LDPE using a two roll mill followed by compression molding. The effect of additive content on the mechanical properties of blends was analyzed using ASTM standards. Soil burial was used as a test method for 6 months and rate of biodegradation was determined by weight loss, change in mechanical properties of the blends and changes in surface morphology. SEM and FTIR analysis were also performed for further confirmation of results. Biodegradation of the samples revealed an increase in weight loss as the additive content increased and decrease in the mechanical properties as compared to virgin LDPE, which showed no such change. Among the two additives, guar gum results were more promising as compared to pectin.

8 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

006276   Littidej P;Sarapirome S (School of Remote Sensing, Institute of Science, Suranaree Univ of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 300 00, Thailand, Email: patiwat_noof@hotmail.com) : Positioning ambient air quality monitoring stations utilizing spatial multi-objective decision analyses. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 429-46.

Air quality monitoring station (AQMS) has high cost on the investment to detect pollutants from traffic line source. Its location requires maximized conditions on pollution intensity, frequency of violence, service area, and people exposure impact. The objective of the study is to determine a proper position of AQMSs for Nakhon Ratchasima municipal area using the spatial multi-objective decision analyses. The spatial distributions of pollution intensity were generated in forms of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter less than 10 micron (PM10) including their combination using CALINE4 and GIS, based on varying vehicle types, time periods, and wind directions. The result shows high pollution dispersions in areas along the Mittrapap Road and Highway 224. The maximum frequency of violence index derived from pollution intensity could obviously be observed from area surrounding Mittrapap Road in front of The Mall and Tesco Lotus department stores. Locations provided the highest index of service area were found in the area surrounding Mittrapap Road in front of The Mall and along Highway 224. The highest index of people exposure impact determined using fuzzy logic, ranged between 0.6001-0.7931, could be observed in the area surrounding Highway 224 in front of Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima School, Anuban Nakhon Ratchasima School, Nakhon Ratchasima vocational college, and SuranareeWittaya school. These characteristics related to pollution intensity and its impact was then input as objective functions in spatial multi-objectives decision analysis for siting proper AQMSs. The site with highest score as 3.66 of combined all objective functions was located opposite to The Mall commercial center at coordinate X1= 831,100 m and Y1=1,658,100 m. This site was purposed as a new AQMS position.

13 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

006275   Lal K;Verma R (Chemistry Dep, C V Raman Univ Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh) : Physico-chemical properties in soil of Gurur district: balod, Chhattisgarh. J scient lett 2016, 1(3 sppl), 172-6.

The study assesses the qualities of contaminated soils of Gurur, Chhattisgarh. The parameter are pH, Electrical Conductivity, Soil Moisture. This work will prove valuable in providing baseline information for further soil quality monitoring studies in study area. The concern over the determination of soil properties is awareness to the farmers for preparing their cropland leading to good production.

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

006274   Kowsalya R;Neeraja B;Shah K A;Jain R P (Biotechnology Dep, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute Univ, Maduravoyal, Chennai-600 095, Email: neerajamba@drngrdu.ac.in) : Electronic waste - environment problems and management. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 577-9.

E-Waste comprises discarded electronic appliances such as computers, mobiles and telephones. The current global production of electronic waste is estimated to be 20-25 million tonnes per year. E-waste contains environmental pollutants. This paper highlights the associated issues related to this emerging problem, hazardous nature, current trends, legislations and management of E-waste.

15 ref

006273   Kolekar S S (Chemistry Dep, Hutatma Rajguru College, Rajgurunagar, Pune) : Assessment of irrigation water quality parameters of special economic zone of Khed-Shirur tahsil, Maharashtra, India. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 659-61.

This research work was carried out to assess irrigation water quality of special - economic zone of Khed Shirur Tahsil, Maharashtra, India. Assessment of irrigation water quality carried out by means of collecting 15 samples of surface and ground water used for irrigation purpose from study area. Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, Ca^{2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+,HCO-₃, CO₃ was analyzed. The concentration of all parameters is within the prescribed limit for irrigation so it can be used for irrigation.}

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

006272   Kasthuri S;Uma Rani P (Dr. MGR. Educational & Research Institute, University, Chennai, Email: kasturiprasan@gmail.com ) : Study on e-waste disposal. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 573-5.

As our earth resources are limited it becomes necessary to preserve our earth. When e waste is not disposed properly it will cause environmental pollution. If e waste is disposed properly our earth can be preserved from air, water and soil pollution. The polluted environment is a health hazard and causes several diseases and ailments. It affects our chances of survival. Hence, an all-out attempt must be made to have a clean environment. This requires several corrective and preventive measures. Thus, on the whole, people are becoming aware of the vital need to have a good and clean environment. The awakening of the general masses in this respect is a welcome sign and would make our world a better place to live in. If batteries, electronics and other hazardous wastes are not disposed properly, they will harm public health and the environment. Computers, printers, and cell phones have E-waste like toxic heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium. If they are thrown away in the dustbin, they result in landfills, and these toxic compounds pollute lakes and streams and become unfit for drinking, swimming, fishing, and supporting wildlife. The best electronic recycling prevents pollution and ill health.

3 ref

006271   Kalpana G;Muralidharan T (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Email: kalpana.g@drmgrdu.ac.in) : E-waste threats and mitigation. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 557-60.

Electronic waste (or E-Waste) is an informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their "useful life". It is the fastest growing waste stream and its disposal is a major environmental concern in all parts of the world. E-wastes are considered dangerous, since certain components of some electronic products contain hazardous materials depending on their condition and density. The hazardous materials pose a threat to human health and environment. Discarded computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, fax machines, electric lamps, cell phones, audio equipment and batteries if improperly disposed can leach lead and other substances into soil and groundwater. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled in an environmentally sound manner so that they are less harmful to the ecosystem. More than 50 million tons of E-Waste is generated every year with major fraction finding its way to landfills and dumpsites. This paper highlights the hazards of e-wastes, the need for its appropriate management and options that can be implemented.

4 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

006270   Jebapreetha D;Esakkimuthu M (NO, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Madhrai, Email: esakkimuthu418@yahoo.com) : Awareness and perception of prevailing environmental issues in eco-friendly crop management practices. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(3), 67-78.

The study aimed to find the overall awareness, perception about environmental issues in eco-friendlv crop management practices of the farmers. The study was conducted in Theni district of Tamil Nadu with 120 farmers by simple random sampling method. Pre-tested interview schedule, Percentage analysis, cumulative frequency, coefficient of correlation and multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. The results reveals farmers had high level of awareness and perception about the prevailing environmental issues in the study area.

5 tables, 10 ref

006269   Jayapradha A;Abbas Mohaideen J (Chemical Engineering Dep, Faculty of Bio & Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Univ, Chennai-600 119, Email: jaya.anandhi@gmail.com) : E-waste management in India and hazards of improper handling. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 565-71.

The e-waste management which is a crucial problem in this digital era gains significant momentum as the electronic products are reaching their end of life phase at a rapid rate due to the advancement in science and technology and change in life style of an individual. The total amount of e-waste generated in India is estimated to be 8, 00,000 lakh tonnes per annum and out of this only 15-20% of the e-waste is recycled formally. It is an imperative prerequisite to bridge this prevailing gap between e-waste generation and recycling. This can be accomplished by proper routing the e-waste for appropriate recycling and establishing a system of accountability in e-waste management. The paper focuses on the current status of e-waste management in India and few suggestions to potentially improve the quality of existing system by involving producers, recyclers (covering both informal and formal sectors from small and medium scale enterprises) and other stakeholders in the value chain and it also stress the hazards involved in improper handling of ewaste in the informal sectors.

5 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

006268   Huchhe M R;Bandela N N (Environmental Science Dep, Dr.BAM Univ, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Water quality parameter assessment using GIS and remote sensing in Dr. B.A.M. university, Aurangabad, MS. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(6), 46-50.

Management of water quality is very important as demand is increases day by day. Water is the most important source for living things on earth which is threatenedon it's quality and quantity.pH, DO, COD, BOD, Chloride and Hardness are basic water quality parameter. Management of water quality in University campus is important as it is the source of drinking for student's hostels, departments and irrigation in campus.Deterioration of water quality receives more attention to mapping the current situation of water quality parameter provides the better management of resources. Water sample collected from various resources located in Dr.BAM University campus during dry period, whereas when entire Marathwada including Aurangabad under great water stress. Interpolation methods facilitate to estimate values for unknown point and create a continuous dataset to study the spatial distribution. The IDW (inverse distance weighted) and Spline tools are deterministic interpolation method and Kriging are based on a statistical model. Krigingthe best fit method of interpolation was used with help of Geographic Information System (GIS) software Arc GIS 10.2 to visualize the spatial distribution of above water quality parameters. This study has shown that kriging interpolation and statistical analysis perform better mapping of water parameter.

13 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

006267   Hogirala S S (CII Institute of Logistics & Research Scholar, Confederation of Instit, , Chennai) : Literary portrait of e-waste recycling sector in India (2015). Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 631-7.

E-waste recycling in India is fast emerging into a profitable business opportunity. Presence of companies like Attero, AER Worldwide and SIMS suggest the size of market opportunities in India. While WEEE directive and BASEL convention provide a foundational framework for ewaste management and handling rules in India, the implementation is constrained by consumer behavior, formal-informal divide and enforcement of rules. This paper is an attempt to develop a literary portrait of e-waste recycling sector and reflects on economic and policy asymmetry in India. Integration, Kabadiwala, Legal framework, Logistics cost, Pollution control, Recycling, Scrap market, Unorganized sector, Waste management, Waste disposal, Waste handling, Waste recovery, Waste reduction.

3 tables, 32 ref

006266   Hait M;Jaiswal S (Chemistry Dep, C V Raman Univ, Kargi Road, Kota, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh-495 113) : Removal of water pollutants from industrial waste water of korba area by bio-adsorbents. J scient lett 2016, 1(3 sppl), 223-9.

Water is one of the most common and precious natural resources. Analytical studies of some selected physicochemical parameter with metallic elements were made on the surface water bodies of Balco industrial areas Korba Chhattisgarh. Water samples were collected from four different selected spots in May'2016 of Pre-monsoon season, were analyzed for physicochemical and heavy metal like Fe, Zn, Mn and Al by the standard method as per IS procedure. Around 80% of these parameters were above the permissible limit of BIS: 10500 and WHO standard of drinking water. The elevated values of these parameters are of great concern to public health. Removal of water pollutants has been done by preparing bioadsorbents from local plant origin. Adsorption capacity of different adsorbents has been tested and compared for the removal of various pollutants. The changes in pH, colour, COD, TS, TDS, TSS, TA,TH, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate, Nitrate, Phosphate, Ca, Mg, Na, K and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Al) have been observed.

1 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

006265   Gupta V;Arya A K (Environmental Sciences Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Srinagar, Garhwal-246 174, Email: vidhugupta.official@gmail.com) : Demonstrating urban pollution using heavy metals in road dusts from Lucknow city, Uttar Pradesh, India. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(1-2), 137-46.

Increasing urbanization and growth in vehicular density has become a growing concern in recent years. Road dusts in urban areas are indicators of heavy metal contamination. In present study road dust samples have been taken from 30 representative locations categorized as residential, commercial and industrial areas in Lucknow city for assessing the concentration of eight heavy metals. Results showed that road dust samples contained significantly high levels of the metals as compared to the values from the background site. In all the road dusts, iron is the most available and labile element followed by zinc. Road dusts concentration varied from 2365.21-10652.01 for Fe, 94.11-374.23 for Zn, 58.80- 185.56 for Mn,5.45-55.26 for lead, 6.63-60.12 for Cu, 3.07-26.45 for Cr, 2.50-18.69 for Ni and 0.14-0.85 for Cd. All concentration values are in mg/kg. Contamination was assessed on the basis of contamination factor and pollution load index. The overall degree of contamination is of the order industrial> commercial > residential. A very significant correlation was found between zinc, copper, lead and chromium. The results of multivariate analysis showed that Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb & Ni were associated mainly with anthropogenic activities while Fe and Mn was controlled by lithogenic materials.

3 illus, 6 tables, 33 ref

006264   Grachev V A;Plyamina O V;Lobovskii V A (NO, , State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM, 24, Bolshaya Ordynka, Moscow 119 017, Russia) : Environmental security measures: indicator evaluation of environmental performance. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 645-50.

On the basis of the analysis of the current requirements for environmental security and environmental performance evaluation, a methodology and a set of indicators have been developed, and a normative justification of the system for the indicator evaluation of the environmental security measures environmental performance has been given. Basic requirements for the environmental quality protection and preservation, environmental security, environmental performance evaluation, as well as the environmental quality assessment standards have been studied and considered. A system for the indicator evaluation of the environmental security measures environmental performance, based on the principles of necessity (importance of environmental security measures in the context of serious negative impact of an object on the environment), reasonability (sufficiency and technical excellence of the proposed measures), and efficiency (accordance of the aims degree of achievement and significance to the costs), has been offered. The proposed indicators for the evaluation of the environmental security measures environmental performance are based on the concept of sustainable development and are divided according to the environmental, social, economic, and nuclear and radiation safety criteria. The application of the proposed system for the indicator evaluation of the environmental performance allows identifying the achievability of the goals and objectives in the implementation of the environmental security measures. Indicator values may be used as an information basis for the decision making on the necessity and effectiveness of the measures implementation.

1 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

006263   Gomathi N (Veltech Technology Incubator, Vel Tech Univ, Chennai) : Safe disposal of hazardous materials in e-waste - an Indian perspective. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 561-4.

Environmental pollution is the greatest problem that the generation is facing now a days. E-waste (Electronic waste) contains lot of toxic heavy metals such as lead, mercury and cadmium etc. When they are exposed to atmosphere, it will pollute natural resources such as soil and water and it leads harmful effects to the environment causing a lot of damage to human beings. Pollution leads to various breathing problems along with severe and irreparable damage to flora and fauna. There is a solution for returning our used electronics by recycling rather than throwing them in waste land and by following e waste management technology.

1 illus, 9 ref

006262   Ghosh D (NO, , Reproduced with permission from Dream 2047, February 2014, Vol-16 No. 5, Email: dpanjanghosh@gmail.com) : Climate change : a threat to the sunderban ecosystem. Sci Cult 2016, 82(3-4), 90-3.

4 illus

006261   Eze C T;Oje O A;Onwurah I N E (Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Management Unit, Biochemistry, Federal Univ Oye-Ekiti (FUOYE), Ekiti State, Nigeria, Email: thankgod.eze@guoye.edu.ng) : Environmental risk assessment of hospital wastewater in Enugu, Nigeria. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 483-9.

The issue of contamination of the environment by hospital and industrial effluent or wastewater has been an issue of concern to the public health of any area where these industries and hospitals are located. This study sets out to determine the level of contamination caused by the discharge of wastewater from different wards at Park Lane General Hospital Enugu, Nigeria. To this end, the microbial load and heavy metal analyses of the hospital wastewater were determined using established procedures. Wastewater samples were collected from three (3) wastewater outlets of the hospital with pre-cleaned sterile and dried containers. The three (3) sampling points were wastewater from Medical Ward-(wws₁), wastewater from New Born Baby ward-(wws₂) and wastewater from Surgical Ward-(wws₃). The isolated pathogenic bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis, while the isolated non-pathogenic organisms were Proteus vulgaris, Klesbsiella pneumonia and Bacteriodes sp. The result of the microbial analyses showed mean total aerobic bacteria counts of 14.40 ± 0.86 x 1010 cfu/mL, 13.70 ± 0.65 x 10^{7 cfu/mL and 22.8 ± 1.14 x 1010 cfu/mL, for wws₁, wws₂ and wws₃ respectively. The mean total anaerobic bacteria counts gave 6.00 ± 1.60 x 103 cfu/mL, 4.00 ± 2.50x 103 cfu/mL and 1.70 ± 0.41 x104 cfu/mL for wws₁, wws₂ and wws₃ respectively. The result also showed the presence of Candida albican-a pathogenic fungus as the only isolated fungi specie in wws₁ and wws₃ with a population of 1.70 ± 0.41 x 103 cfu/mL and 2.3 ± 0.16 x 105 cfu/mL respectively. No fungi were isolated from wws₂. High level of microbial contamination was observed in wastewater effluent from the surgical ward (wws₃) among others as indicated by the obtained mean total aerobic bacteria count, mean total anaerobic bacteria count, mean total fungal count and the frequency of occurrences of the isolated organisms especially the pathogenic ones. The heavy metals analysis showed the presence of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury and Chromium. Most of the heavy metal concentration where found to be within the threshold of the WHO permissible limit of such metal. Therefore, it would be necessary to properly treat all the hospital wastewater before discharging into the environment to avoid the possible environmental health risk that might be associated with the discharge of such contaminated water. Close monitoring of the heavy metal concentration of the discharge water is also suggested.}

3 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref

006260   Dom N C;Ahmad P;Mokhtar M A M;Rajan S (Environmental Health Dep, Faculty of Health Sciences Univ Teknologi, MARA (UITM), 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia) : Assessment of heavy metal concentration on Aedes mosquito breeding sites in urban area, Malaysia. Int J Mosquito Res 2016, 4(2), 12-19.

The aim of the present study is to establish a baseline of the existing level of heavy metals concentration in positive Aedes mosquito larval habitat in the selected dengue hotspot area and non-hotspot area. Aedes survey was conducted in Subang Jaya Municipality areas to assess the concentration and distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn and Zn) in mosquito larval habitat. Water samples were (n = 141) collected and were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) and other standard laboratory protocols. Then, by using microscope, Aedes larvae species was determined and the weight of pupae and length of 3rd instars larvae was measured. The concentration of heavy metal in dengue hotspot area was found to be relatively higher than corresponding level on the non-hotspot area at all breeding site investigated. Consistent with other finding, the present study proves that the heavy metal concentration varies between container material and its concentration. Overall, the key dengue vectors are preferential adapted with the heavy metal concentration and thus may affect the development and its lifecycle.

3 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

006259   Dhankhar R;Rana L (Environmental Science Dep, Maharshi Dayanand Univ, Rohtak, Haryana, Email: lalita.77@gmail.com ) : Growth and biochemical constituents of an indigenous cyanobacterium affected by heavy metal stress. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(3), 37-43.

A cyanobacterium having high relative abundance in sewage irrigated soil was isolated and identified as Lynghya contora. The species was tested for tolerance towards heavy metals, Cu^{2+, Zn2+, Ni2+and Cd2+ (0.5 to 10 mg/L) in single metal systems undercontrolled laboratory conditions. Our results show that the studied strain has a distinctive response towards each heavy metal, it was most affected by Ni2+ followed by Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ ions. The studied strain showed better response as indicated by higher concentrations of sugar, proteins and photosynthetic pigments in aqueous Cd2+ solutions as com pared to that at control. The incubation of cyanobacterial cells with lower concentrations of heavy metals (Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+) enhanced the growth rate, soluble proteins and photosynthetic pigments, while elevated concentrations were observed to be inhibitory. The present study demonstrates the capability of isolated indigenous species to withstand heavy metal stress at low concentrations and can be utilized for bioremediation of contaminated lands.}

4 illus, 4 tables, 43 ref

006258   Das D;Chakraborty A;Santra S C (Amity University-Kolkata Campus, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata-700 156, Email: ani@alpha.iuc.rec.in) : Modulation of cadmium tolerance and lignocellulosic enzyme function in Aspergillus terreus exposed to ionizing radiation. Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(3), 420-6.

Heavy metal pollution is an alarming problem for the ecosystem. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most common heavy metal contaminants in the environment. In recent years different abatement strategies are being implemented to control metal pollutants. Amongst these, bioremediation has gained considerable focus because it is a cost-effective, eco-friendly and self-sustainable process. Our present work describes the potential of gamma irradiation to enhance heavy metal tolerance in Aspergillus terreus. Gamma exposed A. terreus could tolerate upto 150 ppm of Cd in the medium, while the unirradiated ones tolerated only upto 90 ppm of Cd. Gamma exposed (20-100 Gy) A. terreus have manifested significantly higher efficiency to uptake Cd and subsequent removal from liquid broth when grown in medium stressed with Cd as compared to the unirradiated counterparts. Potential of gamma irradiation has been reflected also in stimulating CMCase and a-amylase activity of A. terreus grown under Cd stress. An absorbed dose of 100 Gy resulted 58.87% more CMCase and 1.09-fold more a-amylase activity of A. terreus when grown in medium containing 90 ppm of Cd. The study highlights the possibility of utilizing gamma irradiation in approaching microbe-mediated Cd bioremediation in addition to cellulosic bio-waste or polymer degradation.

4 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

006257   Darini T;Jalalkamali A (Water Engineering Dep, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Kerman, Email: ajalalkamali@yahoo.com) : Groundwater qualitative prediction using artificial neural networks and support vector machine model case study: Sirjan plain. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(1-2), 85-94.

Groundwater resources are one considered as one of the most common and important resources of drinking, agriculture and industry water. Due to the lowering of groundwater levels and its volatility, groundwater quality is of utmost importance. The aim of this study is to identify the predictive ability of artificial neural network of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machine model and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system in which the quality of groundwater in Sirjan Plain has been predicted. A case study was conducted on the Sirjan Plain located in the city of Sirjan in Kerman province. For this purpose, the data of rainfall, the water level in wells and UTM coordinates of intended wells have been used as input combinations and qualitative parameters of the water of wells as output parameters. After initial processes such as normalization, for double -layer neural network, 85% of data were used for training and 15% for validation, and the same ration were applied to ANFIS and SVM. After reviewing the fitness statistical criteria such as correlation coefficient (R), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), it was observed that neural network presented an acceptable result compared to SVM and ANFIS models.

9 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

006256   Bhutiani R;Khanna D R;Tyagi V;Ahamad F (Zoology & Environmental Sciences Dep, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Email: varun1815@gmail.com) : Utilisation of free floating macrophytes for milk process unit wastewater treatment. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(1-2), 187-93.

With the rapid growth of industrialization, water pollution has increased tremendously. The inadequate wastewater management seriously affects the environment; phytoremediation provides a low cost alternative for the waste management. Most of the waste water discharged into water bodies, disturbs the ecological balance and deteriorates the water quality. Phytoremediation provides the low cost eco-friendly method for the wastewater treatment. These are frequently in use by the large scale organisations for the treatment of the wastewater of choice. These artificial wastewater treatment systems consisting of macrophytes are dependent upon various processes like microbial, biological, physical and chemical process for the treatment of the effluent. For the current study free floating aquatic macrophytes Lemna sp. and Eichornia sp. were used to treat the effluents from dairy factory, the biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of dairy effluent were reduced significantly after treatment with phytoremediation experiments.

5 tables, 13 ref

006255   Bhutiani R;Khanna D R;Shubham;Ahamad F (Limnology and Ecological Modelling Laboratory, Zoology and Environmen, , Gurukula, Kangri, Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Email: rbhutiani@gmail.com) : Physico-chemical analysis of sewage water treatment plant at Jagjeetpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(3), 133-42.

Water is quite essential natural element for all kinds of life. The quality of water is vital concern for mankind since it is directly linked with human welfare. The water samples were collected from sewage treatment plant (from both 18 MLD) and 27 MLD) situated in lagjeetpur, Haridwar. The study was carried out for a period of four months and total 15 sampling were done during this period. Results revealed that in inlet pH varied from 7.13 to 8.76 and in outlet 6.01 to 8.2, total solids in inlet varied from 751 mg/l to 897 mg/I and in outlet from 509 mg/l to 749 mg/l. The total hardness in inlet was found between 212mg/l to 249 mg/l and in outlet from 178 mg/l to 210 mg/l. Chloride in inlet varied from 96.5 nig/I to 112.9 mg/l and in outlet 45.4 mg/l to 57.2 mg/l. alkalinity values in inlet were reported between 178 mg/l to 211 mg/l and in outlet from 154 mg/l to 205 mg/l. Dissolved oxygen in inlet was found between 0.70 mg/l to 1.9(> mg/l and in outlet from 4.01 mg/l to 6.22 mg/l. Biochemical oxygen demand in inlet ranges from 90 mg/l to 129 mg/l and in outlet from 3.6 mg/l to 8.5 mg/l, Chemical oxygen demand in inlet ranges from 231 mg/l to 252 mg/l and in outlet from 16 mg/l to 30 mg/l. This study showed that both the treatment plants are working in good condition.

4 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref

006254   Bhatia K K;Bharti B; (Botany Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014) : Disappearing sparrow populations and bio-literacy of the residents in Chandigarh- A cross-sectional survey. J scient lett 2016, 1(3 sppl), 166-71.

Birds are the bioindicators of the environment and its decline in number is a matter of concern about the changing environment. According to 2011 red list of birds released by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) nearly 12% of India's birds are facing extinction. House sparrow (Passer domesticus) is now red listed species and is declining throughout the globe. This cross sectional survey of Passer domesticus in Chandigarh was done to prepare the House sparrow density map and evaluate possible reasons for its decline by questioning the local residents about the spotting of House sparrow at their place now and 10years ago. It was observed without any doubt that the House sparrows are dwindling in Chandigarh, northern part of India and the main reason addressed by the Chandigarh residents was urbanization, which lead to destruction of its nesting place and habitat loss. Use of pesticide was the second main reason spotted by the Chandigarh residents. Other possible reasons were electromagnetic and automobiles pollution. Therefore, there is an urgent need to save this bird in the areas where existing clusters of sparrows are still spotted every day. Formulating community based initiative in reversing the current trend of disappearing sparrow populations by sensitizing the public especially school children about the benefit of conservation of House sparrow which has co-evolved with man.

3 illus, 22 ref

006253   Benzaama A;Chioukh N;Saidi F;Belatbi S A; Tamine T (NO, , Universite des Sciences et de la Technologie Mohamed Boudiaf, Email: fetpod@gmail.com) : Meteorological and dispersion analysis of an air pollution event over the western mediterranean region. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 469-74.

Europe Region is well known for its polluting industries, in this context a thorough analysis is made on the photochemical air pollution formed in a metropolitan area depending on precursor emissions, weather and topography in an episode that took place on July 29thto 30th 2013, recorded in the Western Mediterranean region through atmospheric advanced modeling. The present study is focused on ground level Ozone (O₃), oxide nitric (NO) and dioxide nitrogen (NO₂). The production and transport of tropospheric ozone over the Mediterranean region is examined by applying spatiotemporal analyses of the atmospheric circulation. The model and measured results of NOx and O₃ are in good agreement. Moreover, the modelled ground-level ozone during this episode is higher (0.093 ppm) than regulation value of the region 0.080 ppm. Indeed, the impact of Mediterranean outflow on the O₃ chemical tendencies over Western Mediterranean regions is quantified. The origin of O₃ long-range sources and their impact on the Algerian O₃ budget is investigated.

6 illus, 14 ref

006252   Barua V B;Kalamdhad A S (Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781 039, Email: visvabhatri@gmail.com) : Water hyacinth to biogas. Pollut Res 2016, 35(3), 491-501.

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is considered to be the worst floating aquatic weed, almost covering the six continents of the world, i.e., South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, North America and Europe. This noxious aquatic weed has the miraculous capability of doubling up their population in two weeks. Thus, water hyacinth crowds up any fresh water body by forming thick compact mats and concealing the entire aquatic body. This inexhaustible growth rate of water hyacinth threatens the whole aquatic ecosystem and hinders some of the day to day human activities; thereby making itself obligatory to be controlled. Therefore, the necessity to control this lignocellulosic weed, throws light on anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion is the process where microorganisms break down organic material in the absence of oxygen producing biogas. This process is considered to be the unsurpassed route for transforming waste to energy. The production of bioenergy from WH can be the solution, both to its control and production of renewable source of energy; as there is a never ending rise in demand for fossil fuel. But, the slightest presence of lignin, the headstrong compound in the weed's cell wall, limits the production of biogas. Pretreatment of the noxious weed before being introduced into an anaerobic reactor and the addition of inoculum enhances the biogas production. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the potential utilization of water hyacinth for biogas production emphasizing the pretreatment methods, inoculum and the reactors that have been used till date for biogas production from water hyacinth.

6 tables, 85 ref

006251   Banerjea D (Chemistry Dep, Calcutta Univ, Kolkatta, Email: banerjeas2005@yahoo.co.in) : Environmental pollution : causes, effects and control. Sci Cult 2016, 82(3-4), 69-83.

9 tables