009255   Kousar H;Puttaiah E T (Post Graduate Studies and Research in Environmental Science Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shankarghata-577 451, Email: hinakousar@kuvempu.ac.in) : Application of Trapa bipinosa for the treatment of pulp and paper industry effluent. J envir Biol 2009, 30(5), 659-61.

Ability of aquatic plants to absorb, translocate and concentrate metals has led to the development of various plant-based treatment systems. The potential to accumulate metals like iron, nickel, manganese and copper by Traps bipinosa was assessed by subjecting them to different effluent concentrations of pulp and paper industry under laboratory conditions. Trapa showed the ability to accumulate substantial amounts of the metals during a short span of one week. When the plants were grown in different concentrations they caused significant reduction in various parameters like dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total alkalinity, total hardness, chloride and sulphate. While there was an increase in biomass, no visible phytotoxic symptoms were shown by treated plants.

3 tables, 18 ref

009254   Kamble J R;Jadhav V V;Chandgade C A;Raut P D (Environmental Science Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004) : Alterations in the anzyme activities in Lamellidens marginalis exposed to tannery wastewater. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 131-8.

Tannery wastewater has effects on enzyme activities of fresh water bivalve. Lamellidens marginalis species was selected for present study. The acute toxicity study was carried out to determine lethal concentration. Bivalves exposed to different sublethal concentrations of tannery wastewater (0.5% and 2%) equivalent to 1/10th of LC0 (5%) and LC50 (20%) value for varying treatment periods (10 and 20 days). The biochemical changes in the various tissues were determined after the exposure. The enzymes activities studied were acid phosphtase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, adinosene triphosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the gills, hepatopancreas, gonads, muscle, mantle and foot. Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly in both concentrations and both exposure periods. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity increased significantly in 20 days exposure period while increased significantly in 10 days exposure period in both concentrations. Adenosine triphosphatse activity in bivalves showed insignificant decrease whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity decreased insignificantly in 10 days exposure period and decreased significantly in 20 days exposure period in both concentrations in all the tissues of exposed animals under stress conditions.

6 tables, 35 ref

009253   Kalpna Kumari (Chem Dep, B.P.S. Coll, Desari, (Vaishali), B.R.A. Bihar Univ, Muzaffarpur-842 001) : Scaling and corrosion characteristic ground water of Muzaffarpur. Asian J chem envir Res 2009, 2(1-2), 51-3.

Scale formation and corrosion affect the performance of an open recirculating cooling system which is considered as an important component in most of the industries. Deals with the evaluation of scaling and corrasion tendency of ground water of Muzaffarpur (Bihar). The evaluation procedures include determination of water quality parameters life pH, alkalinity . Total dissolved solids (TDS) and hardness. Also deals with the evaluation of scale inhibition efficiency of some of the inhibitors.

14 ref

009252   Kadam R M;Shinde V D;Mane V G (Botany Dep, Mahatma Gandhi Mahavidyalaya, Ahmedpur-431 515, Email: rmk76@rediffmail.com) : Hydro chemical studies of Tambat Sangvi Dam water, district Latur (M.S.), India. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 53-6.

Study of the physico-chemical characteristics of fresh water of Tarnbat Sangvi dam were conducted at three different stations namely S1, S2 and S3 during the year 2007. The Tambat Sangvi dam is situated near Ahmedpur Distt. Latur (M.S.). The seasonal variations of the characteristics such as atmospheric temperature, water temperature, pH, free carbon dioxide and dissolved oxygen were studied. Water temperature shows inverse relation with dissolved oxygen

009251   Jawale A K;Patil S A (Botany Dep, Dhanaji Nana Mahavidyalaya, Faizpur-425 503) : Physico-chemical characteristics and phytoplankton abundance of Mangruldam, dist-Jalgaon, Maharashtra. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 7-12.

To assess the quality of water its physico-chemical analysis is necessary. The water from Mangrul dam is used for irrigation, drinking and domestic purpose. To know the quality of water from this dam the present study was undertaken. Deals with seventeen abiotic factors and density of phytoplankton from Mangrul dam, at Mangrul (21° 19' 45" - North latitude and 72° 2' 15" East longitude) district Jalgaon, Maharashtra, studied during Nov. 2006 to Oct. 2007. Generally members of Myxophyceae were dominant followed by members of Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Dinophyceae and Euglenophyceae. The dam water is not polluted and the results of this analysis are within permissible limits of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

009250   Jamdar S;Shinde V;Dhondge T;Jadhav B (Zoology Dep, Dr. B.A.M. Univ, Aurangabad (Maharashtra), Email: Sujeetjamdar@gmail.com) : Habitat preference in the helminth parasites of amphibian hosts from Aurangabad region (M.S), India. Ecotech 2009, 1(2), 112-15.

Helminth parasites of 85 amphibian hosts (67 Bufo melanostictus and Rana tigrina) was investigated and the influence of ecological factors (host-habitatfon-parasitic incidence was observed in them. The highest frequency and concentration index of nematode parasites (Oswaldocruzia and Oxysomatium) occurred at Site-C whereas in case of the cestode parasite (Proteocephalus) the highest frequency index at Site-A and the concentration index at Site-C. Thus studies shows the locality from where the host is collected may be as one of the important factors accounting for variance in frequency index and concentration index of parasites in different amphibian populations.

2 tables, 17 ref

009249   Gupta V K;Jain V K (Chem Dep, Ambah P.G. Coll, Ambah-476 111) : Groundwater pollution and quality of drinking water of Auraiya District, U.P.. Asian J chem envir Res 2009, 2(1-2), 33-5.

The physico-biochemical parameters of Auraiya district groundwater indicate tha the groundwater is least contaminated with carcinogens and toxic as surface water. Most of the samples have hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrate and chloride values not exceeding the permissible limits for drinking purpose. From this study it is concluded that we must give emphasis to the control of groundwater pollution as is given to the surface water.

2 tables, 8 ref

009248   Gangotri V M;Mudkhede L M (Zoology Dep, Takali Dhokeshwar College of Arts and Science, Takali Dhokeshwar-414 304) : Physico-chemical characteristics of ground water in the vicinity of the sugar industries in Ahmednagar district, Maharastra. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 95-8.

Sugar Industrial effluent causing ground water pollution in Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra State. It is perishing the edible aquatic fauna like Prawns, Crabs, Snails and fishes. It is also detrimental to human health, where polluted water consumed by the majority of the people. Physico-chemical analysis of different water samples showed that it is darkly coloured having fowl smell. It also shows considerable high total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, calcium and chlorides. The amount of sulphates, nitrate and sodium are also moderate to make the water unsafe for drinking. Thus the present study clearly indicate the ground water behind the sugar industries within the range of one kilometer receives the contents of sugar industrial effluent by percolation through the soil. It causes ground water pollution making the most of the ground water non-palatable.

1 table, 15 ref

009247   Fotedar;Amita;Fotedar B K (Environmental Sciences Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu) : Water chemistry of Neeru river flowing from Bhaderwah to pul Doda, Jammu and Kashmir State. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 61-70.

Chemical analysis of water flowing in Neeru river, Doda district, J&K State from Bhaderwah to Pul Doda was carried out for Si, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb. The analysis revealed all cations to be present below the permissible limits except Fe, Mn, Pb and Si which are above safer levels and hence toxic for human consumption. As far as agricultural use of this water is concerned, no element is in higher concentration and hazardous for crops. Turbidity values are higher because of higher rate of erosion in the catchment areas. SAR (Sodium Absorption Ratio), SSP (Sodium Soluble Percentage), RSC (Residual Sodium Carbonate) are within the safer limits and with respect to these Neeru waters are safe to be used for irrigation. MR (Magnesium Ratio) less than 50 and conductivity values in micromohos/cm at 25°C less than 1 also reveal the waters to be suitable for irrigation. Total hardness places the waters in "soft category". TDS < 500 ppm indicate waters safe both for human consumption and for agriculture. Bicarbonates, sulphates, nitrates and chlorides indicate values lower than permissible limits. pH of waters too is within permissible limits. CR (Corrosivity Ratio) < 1 indicates that the Neeru river waters can safely be transported through metallic pipes without causing any corrosion. For bringing Fe, Mn, Pb and Si down in the waters, the catchment areas need to be properly forested and vetiver grass technology used for the whole belt between Bhaderwah and Pul Doda. Lastly, higher Pb values in the waters appear to be partly due to bad sanitation existing in the whole belt along the banks of the Neeru river, which needs to be improved on priority basis.

2 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref

009246   Dey B;Srivastava R C (Plant Physiol & Biochem Res Lab, Life Sci Dep, Tripura Univ, Suryamaninagar, West Tripura-799 130, Email: rcsrivastavatu@yahoo.co.in) : Role of plant growth regulators (IAA, GA₃ and kinetin) in antagonising the inhibitory effects of copper sulphate on nitrate reductase activity and biomass in Pisum sativum L.. J appl Biosci 2008, 34(1), 110-12.

Field experiment was conducted to study the interactive effects of copper sulphate (CuS04) and PGRs (IAA, GA₃ and kinetin) on nitrate reductase (NR) activity and biomass. The in vivo NR activity and biomass were inhibited by the foliar application of copper sulphate, whereas, PGRs stimulated it. The inhibition of NR activity and biomass resulting from copper treatment was reduced by the application of PGRs.

2 tables, 19 ref

009245   Devi Prasad A G;Venkataramana G V;Thomas M (Studies in Environmental Science Dep, Mysore Univ, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Email: agdprasad@yahoo.com) : Fish diversity and its conservation in major wetlands of Mysore. J envir Biol 2009, 30(5), 713-18.

Highlights the fish diversity in major wetlands of Mysore district, Karnataka, India and its conservation status. Forty-five species of fishes belonging to 15 families, 31 genera have been identified. Fish species belonging to genus Puntius were more common in many of these lakes. However, it was observed that the fish diversity was decreasing since last two years unprecedently, mainly due to manifold human activities. Fish diversity in the lakes is becoming rare and about seven species were identified as endangered. Out of the 45 identified fishes, six fish species were identified as threatened species. Torkhudree, also known as Deccan mahseerand seven other species were identified as vulnerable fish species. Though there were 40 species of fish endemic to this region, their number decreased with introduction of more exotic species. Conservation of endemic fishes, propagation of endangered and threatened fishes should be therefore, undertaken to preserve and protect fish diversity in the wetlands of Mysore district.

2 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

009244   Datir S C;Shrivastava V S (P.G. Studies and Res in Chem Dep, G.T.P. Coll, Nandurbar-425 412) : Distillery waste: an impact assessment. Asian J chem envir Res 2009, 2(1-2), 54-6.

In the study the physico-chemical parameters of distillery waste was studies and their impact has been evaluated. Also some organic compounds were found in GC-MS.

3 tables, 7 ref

009243   Cyril Arun Kumar;Sreeramulu K (VSR&NVR Coll (Autonomous), , Tenali-522 201) : Chromium induced phosphatases alterations in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio communis. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(3), 103-6.

Tissue homogenates of the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio communis revealed the extent of alkaline phosphatase activity to be higher than that of acid phosphatase activity. A general decline in phosphatase activity as a function of sublethal concentrations of heavy metal chromium was evidenced which reflects the injury to lysosome due to stressing the biological system. Dose as well as exposure period dependent statistically significant (P<0.05) inhibition in acid phosphatases activity in liver and intestine and AlP activity in liver, intestine, of Cyprinus carpio communis are advocated as bioindicators of water borne heavy metal chromium stress

2 tables, 12 ref

009242   Choudhary M;Jha M M (Zoology Dep, M.L.S.M. College, Darbhanga-846 004) : Acute toxicity and behavioural responses of nickel sulphate to the fish Heteropneustes fossilis. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 143-45.

Release of heavy metals into atmosphere contaminate the aquatic system. Such contamination deteriorates the water quality and results into large scale fish mortality. Further more the toxic potential of a particular chemical reduces the fitness of a population. It was thus, felt necessary to have an accurate method for finding out toxic calculations of a given chemical to a given animal in a specific time. Acute toxicity test in form of LC₅₀ are the most widely practiced and accepted methods for the determination of such toxic levels. The toxicity of Nickel sulphate to H. fossilis was evaluated by (Table 2) and (Table 3). The LC^ values obtained by former method were 425.3 mg/1, 382.9 mg/1, 351.1 mg/1 and 333.6 mg/l for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. respectively. Surfacing, rapid uppercular movements, convulsions, profuse mucus secretions and its deposition over the gills, gyratery swimming movements by moribund fish and toss of equilibrium before death were the prominent behavioural changes noticed during present study (Table 1).

2 tables, 14 ref

009241   Bhilave M P;Nadaf S B;Deshpande V Y;Shinde P S (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: drmadhavbhilave@yahoo.com) : Enzymatic changes in fishes exposed to heavy metals. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 124-7.

Effect of Cadmium and Lead on protease, amylase and lipase activity in the intestine of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala after acute exposure has been studied. The fishes were exposed to predetermined LC₀ (0.98 and 19.35 ppm) and LC₅₀ (0.13 and 21.84 ppm) concentrations of cadmium chloride and lead acetate, respectively for 96 hours. Both the heavy metals showed decrease in protease, amylase and lipase activity in the intestine of fish. The significant alterations showed toxic effects of heavy metals at enzymatic level.

2 tables, 25 ref

009240   Barman S C;Ramesh Singh;Negi M P S;Bhargava S K (Environmental Monitoring Section, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226 001) : Fine particles (PM_2.5) in ambient air of Lucknow city due to fireworks on Diwali festival. J envir Biol 2009, 30(5), 625-32.

People bum crackers world over on different occasions in different countries to express their happiness. Fireworks in large amounts aggravate the level of air pollutants and cause significant short-term air quality degradation with possible impact on human health. Fine particles (PM_2.52.5 μm), which may pose detrimental effects on human health and ecosystems were monitored in a residential area of Lucknow city to assess the elevated level due to bursting of firecrackers during Diwali festival. The 24hr mean PM_2.5 of normal day, pre Diwali day, Diwali day and post Diwali day was found to be 124,154,352 and 174 μg m³ respectively and much above the US-EPA limit (65 μg m³). The 12hr mean concentration of PM_2.5 on Diwali night (591 μg m^-3) increased 3.9 fold than the respective night of normal day (159 μg m³) and was significantly higher (p<0.01) than normal day and pre and post Diwali night. Mean comparison showed that Diwali day was significantly (p<0.01) different from others (except post Diwali day) and forthis high accumulation during nighttime, after fireworks (suspension) was found to be more responsible than the period of lighting of crackers (formation). This study indicated that there is high accumulation of PM₂ generated due to fireworks on Diwali festival which remains suspended in the air for upto 20 hr. During this period, extra mass burden of 289 μg m^-3 equivalent to 1.9 normal day (of this study) was imposed in the environment. The short-term high accumulation of PM_2.5 is a matter of serious concern for city dwellers as it can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause many respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

5 illus, 4 tables, 40 ref

009239   Bansal D;Mittal R K;Singh Chandel C P (Chemistry Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004, Email: chandelcps@rediffmail.com) : Recycling of waste coloured water of textile printing industry at Sanganer (Jaipur).. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 85-9.

Some simple & economical methods for decolourising waste water of local textile printing industry for recycling, in order to save water have been described. Dyes, which had been studied, are- Methylene blue, Malachite green, Black-B& Direct fast Blue BS. For methylene blue, the adsorbent is charcoal while for malachite green, Black-B& Direct fast blue BS, adsorbent is ash. Colour could be removed to the extent of 98-99% in one single operation. The main aim of this work is to develop a cost effective process because huge amount of water is required to be decolourised for recycling.

4 tables, 19 ref

009238   Ali F;Musaddiq M (P.G. Dep of Microbiology, Shri Shivaji College, Akola-444 001) : Comparative analysis of physicochemical and bacteriological properties of eutrophic and fresh water bodies. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 57-60.

Water is a great gift of nature. There is no life without water. Water plays very significant role in the life cycle of organisms. Water pollution is due to the addition of excess of undesirable substances to water that makes it harmful to man, animal and aquatic biota. Eutrophication is a process whereby water bodies, such as lakes, estuaries or slow moving streams receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth and reduces dissolved oxygen in the water. Physicochemical and bacteriological properties of Eutrophic and Fresh water bodies have been compared. Total 20 water samples were analysed from Eutrophic water bodies in which maximum swnples were found to be contaminated with faecal matter (Escherichia coli). The values of nitrate and phosphate were found to be more than, normal values. Environmental crisis can be eradicate by environmental awareness in the education system at all levels.

3 tables, 11 ref

009237   Agarwal S;Agarwal D K;Garg V (Pathology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G B Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145) : Immunopathological effects of chemical industry effluents on cell mediated immune response in mice. J Immun Immunopath 2009, 11(1), 60-2.

To study the effect of chemical industry effluent on cell mediated immune response in mice, 128 mice were procured from Indian Veterinary Research Institute, (IVRI) Bareilly, were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. Group I was kept as control while group II mice were given chemical industry effluent daily orally ad libidum. Cellular immune response was measured by Lymphocyte Stimulation Test (LST) and Total Leucocyte Count (TLC). The results showed significant decrease in lymphocyte Stimulation Index and Total Leucocyte Count at 90,105 and 120 days of experiment, in comparison to control.

2 tables, 14 ref

009236   Afaq S;Riyez A (Environmental Res Lab, Agra Coll, Agra, Email: afiqamar_12@rediffmail.com) : Harmful effects of leather dyes on clotting time of fresh water fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.). Ecotech 2009, 1(2), 160-1.

Human quest are material development as threatens the fragile ecosystem, thus most of our present day environªment~1 problems can be attributed to ecological misbehavior in the form of pollution. The present investigation was observed onfresh waterteleost, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.). Present investigation show increasing trend in clotting time on exposure to Acid leather brown at different time intervals (24hrs, 48hrs, 96hrs and 1 week) and at all three concentrations. The effect was due to toxic effect of dye on the haemopoietic system. The rapid destruction of platelet in peripheral blood; possibly with associated impairment of platelet formation by ,megakaryocytes resulting in thrombocytopenia. The increase in clotting.time is the indication of defective clot formation due to platelet deficiency.

1 illus, 1 table

009235   Afaq S;Rana K S;Gulzar G;Daksh R K (Environmental Res Lab, Agra Coll Agra, Uttar Pradesh) : . Ecotech 2009, 1(2), 166-8.

Experiment were conducted on fresh water fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham. in the Dept. of Zoology Agra college Agar to check out the effect of two leather dyes Bismarck brown and Acid leather brown onTEC with three conc. From both dyes as 0.6mg/1, 0.7 mg/1 and 0.7 mg/1 for Bismarck borwn and 8 mg/1, and 10 mg/1 for Acid leather brown at different time intervals (24 hrs, 48 hrs, 96 hrs and 1 week), however the effect was more with Acid leather brown exposure than Bismarck brown. The increasing trend in TLC on exposure to Bismarck brown and acid leather brown at different time intervals and at all three concentrations has been observed. The sub-lethal exposure of Bismarck brown and Acid leather brown results into significant increase in the TLC. Intoxication of Bismarck brown and acid leather brown induces leukocytosis in which TLC increases. Leukocytosis in some cases may be due to protective reaction in which leukocyte protects the body when foreign substances (in present study fungicide invade the body. The increase in number of leukocyte may also be found in leukemia. The aim of the study is to aware the people to protect the fish fauna from leather dye effect.

1 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

009234   Afaq S;Rana K S;Gulzar G;Daksh R K (Environmental Res Lab, Agra Coll Agra, Uttar Pradesh) : . Ecotech 2009, 1(2), 162-4.

Investigation was studied on fresh water teleost, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) with two leather dyes Bismarck brown and Acid leather brown with three different cone. as (0.6 mg/1, 0.7 mg/1 and 0.8 mg/1) for Blsmarck brown and (8 mg/l, 9 mg/l and 10 mg/l) for Acid leather brown at different time jntervals (24 hrs, 48 hrs, 96 hrs and 1 week). The serum cholesterol , shows decreasing trend on exposure to both the dyes ,however the effect was more with Acid leather than Bismarck brown The value of Acid leather brown was' 0.50. 0.09 mg/l at 48 hrs, and the value of Bismarck brown was 0.49 0.01 mg/l at 48 hrs. The serum cholesterol decrease in the exposed fish, the decrease may also be due to utilization of cholesterol and hindrance in metabolism, the serum cholesterol showed decrease with increase in the exposure t4ne, is highly significant as in (table 1 and 2). The aim of this investigation is to check to the harmful effects of leather dyes on the fish fauna.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

009233   Afaq S;Rana K S;Gulzar G;Daksh R K (Environmental Res Lab, Agra Coll Agra, Uttar Pradesh, Email: afiqamar_12@rediffmail.com) : Toxicological effects of leather dyes on biochemical parameters of fresh water teleost, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.). Ecotech 2009, 1(2), 162-4.

Investigation was studied on fresh water teleost, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) with two leather dyes Bismarck brown and Acid leather brown with three different cone. as (0.6 mg/1, 0.7 mg/1 and 0.8 mg/1) for Blsmarck brown and (8 mg/l, 9 mg/l and 10 mg/l) for Acid leather brown at different time jntervals (24 hrs, 48 hrs, 96 hrs and 1 week). The serum cholesterol , shows decreasing trend on exposure to both the dyes ,however the effect was more with Acid leather than Bismarck brown The value of Acid leather brown was' 0.50. 0.09 mg/l at 48 hrs, and the value of Bismarck brown was 0.49 0.01 mg/l at 48 hrs. The serum cholesterol decrease in the exposed fish, the decrease may also be due to utilization of cholesterol and hindrance in metabolism, the serum cholesterol showed decrease with increase in the exposure t4ne, is highly significant as in (table 1 and 2). The aim of this investigation is to check to the harmful effects of leather dyes on the fish fauna.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

008240   Yadvinder Singh;Gurpreet Singh;Gaganpreet (Geography Dep, Punjab Univ, Patiala-147 002) : Urbanization in India : growth of slums and related environmental problems in Ludhiana-an industrial city of north west India. Indian J Landsc Syst ecol Stud 2006, 29(1), 12-26.

India experienced an accelerated pace of urbanization in the 20th Century with the results that by 2001 the country's urban population constituted nearly one-third of its total population of over one billion. The present studies concern the Man-Made Fabricated Ecosystem where in the urban industrial development resulted in spatio-temporal growth of slums during 1981-2001 in Ludhiana City lying in northwest India. As well, the related environmental problem have developed. City's population reached 1,53,795 people in 1951 and finally 13,95,053 in 2001 with population density of 8,225 persons/km2. Main land-use is for residential (56%) and industrial (23.4%) purposes. Growth of slums is very fast. There were 182 slum colonies in 1998 with total population of 2,80,176 out of which 66.5% are below poverty line. Environmental degradation in Ludhiana is natural outcome of fast population and industrial growth. Air, water, noise and soil pollution are most common. Ground and surface waters of the City and its environs are badly polluted by Budha Nalla which carries city sewage and industrial effluents onto its submergence in the river Sathuj. steps presently taken by civic authorities to control environmental pollution are not commensurate with the magnitude of the problem.

2 illus, 7 tables, 21 ref

008239   Vimala R;Das N (Environmental Biotechnology Div, School of Bitoechnology Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, VIT Univ, Vellore-632-014) : Biosorption of lead(II) from aquatic environment by a macrofungus (Agariculs bisporus). Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 647-51.

Lead, like other heavy metals, is introduced into natural waters by industrial and domestic wastewater discharges causing environmental pollution. Conventional methods are extremely expensive or inefficient for removal of metals from wastewaters containing low concentration of dissolved metals. Biosorption is a process in which sorbents of biological sources are employed for binding heavy metals. It is a promising alternative to treat industrial effluents, mainly because of its low cost and high metal binding capacity. In the present work, lead (II) biosorption process by the fruiting bodies of a macrofungus (Agaricus bisporus) has been studied. The work considered the determination of lead-biomass equilibrium data in batch system. The studies were carried out in order to determine some operational parameters of lead sorption such as the effects of pH, initial metal ion concentration, biomass dosage and time required for the metal biosorbent equilibrium, contact period, etc. All the parameters showed important effect on biosorption rate and capacity.

6 illus, 17 ref

008238   Verma D;Kanhere R R (Zoology Dep, Government P.G. College, Barwani, (M.P.)) : Studies on water quality of river Narmada in western zone. Life Sci Bull 2009, 6(1), 27-34.

The physico-chemical parameters were studied round the year (i.e. October,2004 to September,2005) at five sampling sites of river Narmada in Western stretch where either a tributary or a nullah adds to its waters. On the basis of observed values of physico-chemical parameters water quality indices (WQI) were computed for all five sampling sites. The values of WQI in present investigation confirmed that the quality of water is poor and unsuitable for drinking purpose in upstream samples as well as samples collected from sampling sites in winter and summer seasons. In monsoon WQI values increased significantly due to high values of turbidity and BOD despite of dilution of all other physico-chemical parameters. The results revealed that some physico-chemical parameters (as turbidity, BOD, conductivity, TDS, salinity, alkalinity total hardness, chloride, nitrate etc.) in the water samples of culminating tributaries and sewage carrying nullahs are showing significantly high values but the river water is still not polluted due to high runoff of water in the river.

6 tables, 21 ref

008237   Venu S;Dawood Sharief S;Vinoth Kumar K (School of Environmental Sciences, PG and Research, Zoology Dep, The New College, Chennai-600 014) : Effect of ethanolic extract of Lantana camara on II-Instar stage of development of Anopheles, Aedes and Culex mosquito larvae. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 703-6.

The II instar stage of Anopheles, Aedes and Culex mosquito larvae were treated with ethanolic extract of Lantana camera stem. The extract showed lethal effect on Anopheles, Aedes and Culex ll-instar stage of mosquito larvae in different concentrations and mortality rate increased for every 24 hours continuously for 4 days But it was remarkable to note that the mortality was maximum in 600 mg/100mL concentration of ethanolic extract of Lantana camera stem in 24 hours, which prompted to select the concentration.

3 illus, 17 ref

008236   Vasanthy M;Geetha A;Seethadevi G (PG & Research, Environmental Sciences Dep, Govt. Arts College, Ariyalur-621 713) : Removal of reactive dye (Red RB) by the bacterial species isolated from dyeing industry effluents. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 683-6.

Removal of reactive dyes from aqueous solution was investigated using bacterial species from dyeing industry effluents. The decolorization was achieved at different dye concentrations, pH and temperature. It was caused by bacterial species such as Enterobacter sp. (GS5), Escherichia coli (GS3) and Bacillus sp. (GS10) and their consortia. More reliable and effective decolorization rates were obtained with 100% Enterobacter sp. (GS5) after 96 hours at 10 and 20 ppm. Decolorization has been maximum in the static experimental conditions.

3 illus, 15 ref

008235   Tiwary N P;Jitendra Kumar;Gupta S K;Amrit Singh (College Commerce Patna, Magadh Univ, Bihar) : Acute toxic effects of cadmium on various parameters in the freshwater air breathig fish Channa striatus (Bloch). Life Sci Bull 2009, 6(1), 35-8.

The biochemical, enzymological and haematological alterations produced on exposure of Channa striatus to LC₅₀, (11.2 mg/l) for 96 h of cadmium (Cd²⁺) have been studied. The fishes were hypoglycemic and hypolactemic. The pyruvate content of blood and liyer were decreased in acute exposure. Depletion was noted in the total protein and glycogen content of liver, muscle and the level of lactate in liver, while the level of muscle lactate and pyruvate increased after 96 hr. Activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase decreased in liver. The activities of hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase in muscle and glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transminase in serum, liver and muscles increased. The activities of succinate and malate dehydrogenases in liver and muscles decreased after acute exposure.

3 tables, 21 ref

008234   Tarun Kumar;Saxena V (Botany Dep, D.S.N. Colege, Unnao, Uttar Pradesh) : Aeromycological studies on intramural and extramural environment near Tannery at Unnao. Prog Res 2008, 3(2), 177-80.

Investigation was carried out in outdoor and indoor tannery environment for six months at Unnao, during the six monthly research period 127 Petriplates in outdoor and 124 Petriplates in indoor environment were exposed. The total 25 fungal genera belonging to 41 species in indoor polluted localities, while 17 genera belonging to 36 species were recorded from outdoor unpolluted localities. The class deuteromycetes have highest percentage in all and class Basidomycetes were recorded lowest number of species in both the environments. The maximum number of species were recorded Aspergillus spp. and minimum number of species were found Puccinia. lt is concluded that the variation of fungal spores are totally depend upon climatic conditions.

1 table, 16 ref

008233   Tambekar D H;Waghode S M;Ingole S G;Gulhane S R (P.G. Microbiology Dep, S.G.B. Amravati Univ, Amravati-444 602) : Water qality index (WQI) analysis of the salinity - affected villages from Purna river basin of Vidarbha region. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 707-11.

Water Quality Index (WQI) based on physicochemical quality of the water of Purna river basin in Akola and Buldhana district of Vidarbha region was carried out during August to November 2007. A total of 260 water samples were analysed for various physical and chemical parameters. The study showed that all water samples were within the standard permissible limit prescribed by WHO and ISI standards for drinking water except salinity, chloride, nitrate, phosphate and conductivity. On the basis of CCME Water Quality Index (WQI) derived from physicochemical studies, the drinking water was 80% safe and 20% unsafe for the drinking and domestic purposes in salinity-affected villages of Vidarbha region.

3 tables, 11 ref

008232   Sultana M;Sakunthala K;Jayaraj S S (Zoology Dep, Unit Environmental Health and Biotechnology, P.G. and Research, Presid, Chennai-600 005) : Dust pollution caused by traffic in Thiruvanmiyur area of Chennai city. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 643-6.

The study deals with the dust pollution caused by vehicles in Thiruvanmiyur area of Chennai city. Four important roads viz., East Coast road, Adayar road, Tidal Park road and Lattice Bridge road of Chennai city were selected. Data revealed that East Coast road was the busiest on which maximum number of vehicles (4221) were passed followed by Adayar road (3668), Lattice Bridge road (2208) and Tidal Park road (2138). On the whole, heavy vehicles were recorded to be in maximum number at all the points on all the roads. Dust fall rate on Tidal Park road (11.14 g/m^{2/month) and East Coast road (11.15 g/m2/month) was found to be less, as the condition of the two roads was good and they were used by tourists, software company officers and industrialists etc. The roads were also well maintained by the Corporation of Chennai. The dust fall rate at Adayar road (12.95g/m2/month) and Lattice Bridge road (12.98 g/m2/month) was found to be highest, because these road were thickly populated and in very bad condition.}

2 tables, 9 ref

008231   Sudha P N;Celine S (Chemistry, D K M College for Women, Vellore-632 001) : Removal of heavy metal cadmium form industrial wastewater using chitosan coated coconut charcoal. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 601-4.

Of the various toxic heavy metals discharged into the environment, cadmium is highly toxic and has a serious health concern. Removal of metals from industrial wastewaters has conventionally been accomplished by precipitation, ion exchange and electrolytic technology. More recently, adsorption using commercial activated carbon and carbon from different plant materials is in force. Use of activated carbon is quite expensive. Hence, the use of carbon from natural biopolymers has attracted attention of industrialists. Recently, surface modified carbon has generated diversity with far superior adsorption capacity. Among the various low cost adsorbents identified, chitosan has the highest adsorption capacity for several metals. But chitosan is slightly soluble at low pH, soft and has a tendency to agglomerate or form a gel in aqueous solutions, which makes the active binding sites of chitosan not readily available for sorption. Hence, providing a physical support will increase the accessibility of the metal binding sites. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to overcome these mass transfer limitations by synthesizing a biosorbent by coating chitosan on the surface of coconut shell charcoal. The chitosan coated charcoal showed higher efficiency of adsorption of cadmium than the pure charcoal.

5 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref

008230   Srinivas P;Sreenivasulu A (Civil Engineering Dep, K.L. College of Engineering, Vaddeswaram-522 502) : Coastal protection system against erosion of Bay of Bengal in north Chennai coast, Tamil Nadu. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 693-6.

Equilibrium conditions at shores of Chennai were upset when an artificial harbour was constructed in 1875, which was projected about 1 km into the sea. Because of this construction, there is heavy accretion on the southern side of the harbour resulting in Marina beach and severe erosion on the northern side. The study of north Chennai coastal area involves the collection of bathymetry of the area, and data on waves, tides, currents and winds. After analysing the data, suitable remedial measures like construction of sea wall, groynes and break water were examined. Out of all, the function of sea wall was observed to be the best remedial measure in controlling the erosion. The data on physical model study available at Institute of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Poondi were examined and a suitable remedy was designed.

2 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

008229   Singh R S (Geography Dep, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-5) : Urbanisation in Arunachal Pradesh. Ann Natn Ass Geogr 2008, 28(1), 83-96.

5 illus, 6 tables, 18 ref

008228   Singh R B;Anand S (Geography Dep, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007) : Current status of municipal solid waste management practices in Delhi. Ann Natn Ass Geogr 2008, 28(1), 36-50.

4 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

008227   Singh A L;Moirangleima K (Geography Dep, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) : Overexploitation of the lake resources in the central valley of Manipur. Ann Natn Ass Geogr 2008, 28(1), 22-35.

3 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

008226   Sharma R (Zoology Dep, Govt. College, Ajmer-305 001) : Municipal solid waste management in Ajmer city, Rajasthan : an overview. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 639-42.

Human activity generates considerable amount of solid waste. The nature of waste varies depending upon the kind of activity. Municipal and biomedical wastes are the major solid wastes contributed from the urban centre, Ajmer. Ajmer has Dargah of Khwaja Mounuddin Chishty, a pilgrimage centre for muslims of the world, and Pushkar pilgrimage for the Hindus of the world. The study was carried out to understand the present status of solid waste management of the city. The total quantity of solid waste generated in the city is around 950 TPD (tons per day) with a per capita generation of 0.35 kg. Sporadic incineration is very common and no proper disposal facility has been provided for the municipal solid waste.

1 illus, 3 tables, 2 ref

008225   Shankar B S;Balasubramanya N (Civil Engineering Dep, Dr. MGR Deemed Univ, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) : Evaluation of quality indices for the groundwaters of an industrial area in Bangalore, India. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 663-6.

The work is aimed at evaluating the water quality index (WQI) for the groundwaters of Whitefield industrial area in Bangalore. This has been determined by collecting thirty groundwater samples in and around the industrial area and subjecting the samples to a comprehensive physico-chemical analysis. For calculating the water quality index, ten critical parameters have been considered. The WQI for these thirty samples ranged from 11.58 to 495.07 with an average value of 69.95. 23.33% of the samples (7 samples) exceeded 100, the upper limit for drinking water. The analysis reveals that the overall groundwater of the area, in general, can be considered fit for human consumption, barring the groundwater from these seven stations, which are non-potable and need some treatment.

3 tables, 7 ref

008224   Satyarthi D K;Agrawal P C;Verma R K (Zoology Dep, D S College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) : Pollution status of the kali river at Aligarh district. Oikoassay 2008, 21(1-2), 31-2.

1 illus, 1 table

008223   Satheesh Herbert Singh D;Manolin Mini S (Civil Engineering Dep, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pulloor, Kariyapatti, Virudhunagar Dist-629 807, Email: herbertsingh@gmail.com) : Ground water quality assessment in colachel, Kanyakumari district, Tamilnadu. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2009, 21(2), 451-6.

Water is essential for life. The demand for potable water is so high that a major share of it has to be obtained as groundwater. The requirement of groundwater is constantly increasing. Extraction of water is abysmally high due to population explosion and there are reports of seawater intrusion into land along the coastal belt. Colachel is one such coastal region, where present day need is partly met by subsurface water. Quality of water is important as its quantity. In this study the quality assessment of available shallow groundwater have been carried out by examining various chemical parameters. The results have been brought in digital format with the help of Geographical Information System (GIS).

5 illus, 6 ref

008222   Santha Lakshmi S;Gayathri M;Sudha P N (Chemistry Dep, D.K.M. College for Women, Vellore-632 001) : Removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution using sulphonated black rice husk ash and sulphonated white rice husk ash. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 733-6.

The removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using sulphonated black rice husk ash (SBRHA) and sulphonated white rice husk ash (SWRHA) at various pH and adsorbent doses has been studied. The uptake percentage of Cr(VI) from the solution was determined spectrophotometrically by DPC method. It was found that the amount of Cr(VI) adsorbed increases significantly with decrease in pH from 5.0 to 1.0 for SWRHA and 5.0 to 2.0 for SBRHA. The Cr(VI) adsorption increased significantly with increasing dose of the adsorbent.

3 illus, 3 table, 9 ref

008221   Saha D;Roy G B (NO, Ag. Chem. & Soil Science Dep, Mohanpur-741 252) : Influence of a monsoon on quality of different source of water. Indian J Landsc Syst ecol Stud 2006, 29(1), 109-12.

The quality of irrigation water of different source at Haringhata Block in the district of Nadia. West Bengal, India were investigated before and after a monsoon. Although very little variation is observed in pH but EC values showed a sharp decrease after a rainy season except river water. Presence of Ca^2-, Mg² and Na^- ions is very meagre in diffeent sources of water. The CT and HCO₃ content in different sources of water is within safe limit except dug well. However, concentration of both the anions comes down to moderately safe limit after a rainy season. In general, NO₃. content in different sources of water increases after a rainy season and the highest amount is accumulated in water collected from shallow tube well. Although before a rainy season Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) values showed on alarming trend but after a monsoon water of all the sources may be used safely for irrigation purposes with certain management practices.

3 tables, 8 ref

008220   Sagar P S;Dash S N;Prasad A (Chemical Engineering Dep, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, Srikakulam Dist., Andhra Pradesh) : Effect of influent concentration on biodegradation of phenol using packed bed reactor. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 653-8.

There is a general perception that the phenols being toxic are not amenable to biological degradation. Continuous biodegradation of phenol in synthetic wastewater is carried out in a packed bed bioreactor using immobilized Nocardia hydrocarbonoxydans. Glass beads were used as the carrier particles for cell immobilization. The effect of influent phenol concentration on packed bed bioreactor for phenol biodegradation during start up and at steady state were studied. Almost 99.6% degradation of 200 ppm phenol could be achieved. Percentage degradation of phenol decreased with the increase in influent concentration. The combined effect of higher phenol concentration and volumetric phenol loading might have resulted in lower degradation. Only 58.4% degradation of 1000 ppm phenol could be achieved with the packed bed bioreactor containing 6400 glass beads. Toxic effects of phenol were found to play a role at 1000 ppm influent concentration. With increase in dilution rate, the percentage degradation was decreased.

8 illus, 5 ref

008219   Roy Barman N (Geography Dep, Shri Shikshayatan College, Kolkata) : Influence of seasonality on air pollution. Indian J Landsc Syst ecol Stud 2006, 29(1), 139-43.

Air quality is affected by a number of factors among which the weather variables also play a dominant role. Empirical observations reveal that heavy rainfall, high wind speed and high temperature creates dispersion conditions in the atmosphere thereby reducing the concentration of pollutants in the ambient air. The present paper takes a look at the four major Indian cities Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai, and tries to analyze how their location affects the meteorological parameters, which in turn strongly influences the ambient air quality in different seasons of the year.

6 illus, 4 ref

008218   Patnaik A (Ecology Lab, Zoology Dep, G.M. College, Sambalpur, Orissa) : Short term experiments on farm survivility of earhworms in tea garden due to effect of pesticide liqnik. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 753-8.

Experiments were carried out to find out the impact of pesticide spraying on the tea garden and farm survivility of different species of earthworms. It was observed that there was 82.19% reduction in total earthworm density and about 67% reduction in earthworm biomass on application of the pesticide liqnik (nickel chloride) in tea garden.

3 tables, 32 ref

008217   Murthy R;Patel K K;Patel S;Sahu K R (Clinical Microbiology Dep, Chhattisgarh Institute fo Medical Sciences, Bilaspur (C.G.)) : Field test for detecting of fecal contaminations in drinking water. Life Sci Bull 2009, 6(1), 63-6.

The supply and consumption of polluted water have caused many major outbreaks. The presence of coliforms in drinking water is consistently associated with hydrogen sulphide producing organisms. This paper describes a simple, rapid and inexpensive field test, the H₂S strip test (HST) for the screening of drinking water for fecal pollution based on detection of hydrogen sulphide. The HST showed 88.4% agreement with the standard most probable number (MPN) test and is particularly useful as a screening test when the water sample is grossly polluted (<62>40 coliform/100 ml. of water). Of the 56 sample cultured Citrobacter spp. 32(57.14%) and Proteus spp. 15 (26.78%) were the predominant H₂S producing organisms.

7 ref

008216   Modoodi M N;Belagali S L (Studies in Environmental Science Dep, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006) : Determination of pesticide residues in some agricultural water samples by gas chromatography. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 593-6.

Experiments were conducted to determine 18 pesticide residues in water samples collected from irrigated agricultural farmlands around Mysore city, Karnataka, India. The samples were analysed by gas chromatography consisting of electron capture detector to look for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and flame photometric detector for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). Seven pesticides were detected in water samples namely aldrin, dieldrin, a-HCH, b-HCH, g-HCH, 2,4-DDD and endosulfan-1. All the detected pesticides in water samples were in low concentrations. Pond and bore well water samples had no pesticide residues. Among organochlorine pesticides, present in farm water samples, a-HCH and g-HCH were more frequently found followed by 2,4-DDD. No organophosphorus pesticide residues were detected in any water samples.

2 tables, 11 ref

008215   Mishra S;Bhalke S;Manikandan S T;Sunny F; Nair R N;Pandit G G;Puranik V D (Environmental Assessment Div, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085) : Migration of metals into groundwater from uranium tailings pond. BARC Newsl 2009, 309(Oct; spl), 324-30.

The migration of metals into the groundwater, due to leaching from a uranium tailings pond, is carried out in the present study. Manganese is taken as a typical example for the study. Manganese concentrations in the inlet of effluent treatment plant,'which represent the tailings pond leachate concentration, were used for the calculation of the source term. A finite element based groundwater flow and contaminant transport model (FEFLOW) is used, to simulate the manganese concentrations at different locations around the tailings pond. Site specific K_d values of manganese are determined, using the batch method and applied in the transport model. The distribution coefficient K_dvalues were found to be varying from 5.0 ml/g (Near Rekha Mines) to 22.0 ml/g (Garanala downstream) with an average of 10.6 ml/g. Model results show that K_d is a sensitive parameter in the contaminant transport prediction. It was found that the model predicted plume pattern of manganese which is comparable with measured manganese concentrations. The particle trajectories generated by the model can be used, to optimize the sampling locations for the future monitoring programme.

3 illus, 3 ref

008214   Merugu R;Prasad M S K;Vasavi D;Girisham S; Reddy S M (Biochemistry Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009) : Phosphate solubilisation by four anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria isolated from leather industry effluents. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 597-9.

Four anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, Rhodebacterium (Rb.) capsulatus, Rhodopseudomonas (Rps.) acidophila, Rps. rutila and Rhodospirillum (Rsp.) rubrum, isolated from wastewaters, were tested for their ability to solubilize tricalcium and dicalcium phosphate under different conditions. Rps. rutila was superior to other bacteria under investigation in solubilisation of tricalcium phosphate. Rsp. rubrum was poor in solubilization of tricalcium phosphate. Rsp. rubrum and Rb. capsulatus could solubilise dicalcium phosphate with almost same efficiency while Rps. acidophila was more efficient in solubilization of dicalcium phosphate. Thus, these bacteria can be exploited in solubilization of phosphate.

1 table, 11 ref