020339   Darade S S;Bandela N N (Environmental Science Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwad Univ, Aurangabad-431 004, Email: sushamadarade30@gmail.com) : Investigation and alleviation of mutual interference of Fe<. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(4), 1119-27.

Mutual interference of iron and phosphates in the spectrophotometric estimation process is a result of the strong bond in the iron phosphate complex. The interference of these two ions can be successfully overcome by the isolation of the two ions. The present investigation was carried to study the mutual interferences of iron and phosphates in the spectrophotometric analysis. Complexing both Fe and PO₄ ions in the form of Fe-P complex were done for isolating the Iron and phosphate radicals from other interferences. Whereas to avoid the interference of Fe in PO₄ estimation, AlPO4 complex was formed. This triggered the idea to pre-concentrate the two ions by protonation using a strong acid. The results obtained justified the need for isolation of Fe²⁺ and PO₄^3-. This study provides an exact estimation of Fe²⁺at pH 1.5. The results obtained were statistically correlated by Pearson's correlation coefficient and the results were statistically significant at p value 0.01.

4 illus, 7 tables, 41 ref

020338   Cuong N V;Hieu T Q;Thien P T;Vu L D;Tan L V (Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial Univ of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Rd, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam, Email: nvc@iuh.edu.vn) : Reusable starch-graft-polyaniline/Fe₃O₄ composite for removal of textile dyes. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(4), 1446-54.

Magnetic composite materials have been considered as one of the promising candidates for wastewater treatment. In this paper, the starch-g-polyaniline/Fe₃O₄ (St-PANI/Fe₃O₄) composite particles were prepared successfully via chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline and starch with ammonium peroxydisulfate as a catalyst. The characterization of prepared composite materials was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) techniques. The composite materials were used for removal of textile dyes from aqueous solutions. The effect of various factors to adsorption capacities such as initial dye concentrations (50-200 mg/L), adsorbent amount, pH of the medium (3, 5, 7 and 9), and contact times were also investigated. The results showed that these composite materials had the high feasibility removal of anionic dyes, but low efficiency for cationic dyes in an aqueous solution. The absorption yields were strongly affected by the dye concentrations, adsorbent amount, contact time and pH. In addition, the composite can be collected easily from an aqueous solution and recycled after usage with the help of an external magnet due to the magnetic property.

10 illus, 19 ref

020337   Chakrabarti S;Patra P K (Environmental Science Dep, Vivekananda College, Kolkata-700 063, Email: sakuntala.vb@gmail.com) : Hydrochemical analysis of ground water of rampurhat-II block, Birbhum district, West Bengal, India. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(4), 1424-30.

The purpose of this study is investigating the chemical analysis of groundwater in Rampurhat-II block of Birbhum district,West Bengal, India. Altogether 24 representative groundwater Samples were collected from borewells and tubewells, during March 2010 in order to assess its suitability for drinking as well as irrigation purpose. The water chemistry of samples were analyzed for pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity(EC), Sulphate (SO₄^-2), Nitrate (NO₃^-), phosphate (PO₄^-3), Fluoride (F^-), Calcium (Ca²⁺), Magnesium (Mg²⁺), Sodium (Na⁺), Potassium (K⁺), Bicarbonate (HCO₃^-), carbonate (CO₃^2-), chloride (Cl^-) and Total Hardness (TH) using standard techniques. The results revealed that the maximum SAR (Sodium adsorption ratio) in the study area was 0.87 i.e, below 1. RSC (Residual sodium carbonate) value among the samples is maximum 0.844 which is below 1.25 meq/l, indicating no sodium carbonate hazard in the study area.% Na values indicating its suitability for irrigation. But in most of the water samples some parameters like EC, Ca²⁺, Na⁺ were above the acceptable limit recommended by WHO. pH ranged in all the samples within the limit (6.5 to 8.5). Based on the findings of this study, it can be expressed that the groundwater quality in Rampurhat-II block is suitable for irrigation but not appropriate for drinking as some of the parameters are elevated and need proper treatment. Although Birbhum district is one - 12 - of the worst fluoride affected district in West Bengal the fluoride concentration was within the permissible limit i.e. 1.5 mg/l in all samples.

3 illus, 6 tables, 15 ref

019383   Upadhyay A;Chandrakala M (Chemistry Dep, Sir MVIT, Bangalore, Karnataka, Email: animaupadhyay@gmail.com) : Water quality index of narmada river water, Jabalpur, MP, India. Int J Sci Nat 2016, 7(4), 809-12.

Various physico-chemical parameters were studied to assess the water quality of Narmada river water. Subsequently, using this physico-chemical parameters, water quality index (WQI) was calculated through mathematical calculations. The experimental values of the various parameters were obtained by adopting standard procedures. These experimental values obtained were compared with the standard values suggested by International bodies such as WHO and ISI. The values were then substituted in the mathematical expression to calculate the WQI. Water Quality Indexing is a simple and convenient method to express the quality of water which leads to a single numeric value through which it could be easily suggested that whether the water is fit for human consumption.

1 illus, 5 tables, 18 ref

019382   Solanki P;Narayan M;Srivastava R K (Environmental Science Dep, Govind Ballabh Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: praveen.solanki746@gmail.com) : Effectiveness of domestic wastewater treatment using floating rafts a promising phyto-remedial approach. J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(4), 1931-42.

Treatment of wastewater will lead to the problems again, if we will not use new more efficient alternative technologies/methods to avoid drawback of old technologies. Loss of water can be reduced through application of easy, inexpensive and eco-friendly technologies for wastewater treatment. Using Floating rafts to purify polluted wastewater is a process/method of ecological restoration at in-situ, as well as a complicated physical (attachment of pollutants to the root surface), chemical (degradation of metals into less toxic form) and biological process (microbial processes). Its core is utilizing aquatic plants such as Canna and Water lily and root attached microbes such as bac-teria, fungi and algae to absorb pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, degrade organic matter and accumulates heavy metals in their biomass. Phytoremediation of polluted wastewater using the Floating rafts technique is an Eco-friendly method of wastewater treatment, which is economically effective to construct, requires little maintenance and increase the biodiversity as different types of plants are used. Floating rafts technique has been applied to some water pollution control projects at domestic and abroad. However, there are some factors such as plants, temperature, seasons, hydraulic retention time, coverage and initial concentration of pollutants etc. influenced to the pollutants removal efficiency of Floating rafts. In the future, the development orientation has been subjected to plant and its combinations, the transformation of Floating rafts structure and the utilization of aquatic plants, and probed the technology of Floating rafts building and management, to implement the win-win of landscape benefit and ecological function.

^iia2 illus, 1 table, 80 ref

019381   Singh R P;Tripathi B K;Pandey P;Khandelwal M K;Joshi G B (NO, Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Northern Region, New Delhi-110 066) : Heavy metal content in flyash and related products from thermal power plants in Punjab and its environmental implications. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(7), 582-8.

The study investigates heavy metal content of flyash, pond ash and bottom ash from thermal power plants in parts of Punjab and assesses their adverse effect on environment. The analyses of ash samples from Bathinda and Lehra Mohabbat Thermal Power Plants has revealed that lead and chromium concentration of 80.25 ppm and 162.00 ppm, respectively in flyash from Bathinda Power Plant and lead concentration of 48.63 ppm from Lehra Mohabbat Power Plant is found to be higher as compared to the national average of 35.00 ppm and 120 ppm, respectively for Indian power plants. However, these values are within the range as compared to global thermal power plants. Concentration of radioactive elements is found to be within limits and in a few cases, less than their occurrence in the common rocks and soils. Content of other heavy metals in ashes is comparable to some of the thermal plants in the world. It is envisaged that the wet disposal method for the ash, used in both the power plants, can cause pollution by facilitating leaching of the heavy metals in the environment. Dry disposal methods causing less pollution and increased utilization of flyash need to be undertaken to minimize the adverse environmental impact.

3 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

019380   Singh R K;Mishra P K;Akolkar A B (NO, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi-110 032) : Management of tannery wastewater in Kanpur. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(8), 686-92.

India has relatively stringent environmental regulations yet, the country continues to encounter ous environmental problems, many of these can be addressed through progressive management of industrial activity, sewerage system and overall stress on a holistic approach on enforcement. Kanpur an - 17 - important industrial centre for production of leather and allied products in northern India, witnessed concerted efforts made through interception and treatment of wastewater and domestic sewage in the city. Owing to the stretch of river Ganga along Kanpur city, identified as the most polluted due to discharge of untreated tannery wastewater and domestic sewage- the first phase of Ganga Action Plan, Kanpur city was identified for priority action. Establishment of sewage interception, diversion and treatment facility in the city established in post 1985 period followed by establishment of, 5 MLD upflow anaerobic sludge blanket system sewage treatment plant (UASB-STP), 36 MLD upflow anaerobic sludge blanket system common effluent treatment plant (UASB-CETP) laying down of conveyance system, network of new pumping stations and up-gradation of existing setup common chrome recovery plant to address the major industrial pollution issues and improve the quality of river Ganga. However, the current status of measures reveal that, the impact of these measures on recipient environment has been far from satisfactory. The reason being poor appreciation of in-house measures for cleaner production, increase in processing capacity of tanneries, lack of operation and maintenance of waste interception and treatment infrastructure and a general disowning responsibility of key stakeholders. The present paper takes into account all the major issues, salient observations made by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and attempts to bring out a suggestive approach to address environmental issues at Kanpur and restricting adverse impact on river Ganga at Kanpur.

^iia5 ref

019379   Singh R K (Chemistry Dep, Jagdam College, JP Univ, Chapra-841 301, Email: rks_jpujc@yahoo.co.in) : Corrosion protection of transport vehicles by nanocoating of decahydrobenzxo[8] annulene-5, 10-dihyrazone and SiC filter in H₂O₃O₂ (moist), CO₂, SO₂ environments and weather change. J Metall Mater Sci 2016, 58(3), 167-79.

Transport industries use epoxy-coating for corrosion protection of stainless steel but this coating cannot provide protection in long duration in H₂O, O₂ (moist), CO₂ and SO₂ environment and weather change. Pollutants can create acidic medium for epoxy-coated stainless steel. These corrosive agents penetrate epoxy-coating by osmosis or diffusion process produce and produce chemical and corrosion reactions with base metal. These reactions enhance internal and external corrosion and accelerate internal disbonding in epoxy-coating and disintegrate base metal. This coating does not protect themselves and base metal. These pollutants and weather change elevate galvanic, pitting, stress, crevice, intergranular, blistering and embrittlemint corrosion whereas epoxy polymer exhibits swelling and dissolving corrosion. Pollutants and weather change can alter their physical, chemical and mechanical properties and tarnish their facial appearance. They can also change morphology epoxy-coated stainless steel. Corrosion mitigation of epoxy-coated stainless steel in ambient of H₂O, O₂ (moist), CO₂ and SO₂ and weather change used nanocoating and filler technology. For this work decahydrobenzo[8] annulene-5, 10-dihydrazone and SiC used as nanocoating and filler materials. Nanocoating and filling work were completed by nozzle spray The corrosion rate of epoxy-coated stainless steel coupons was determined at 278, 283, 288, 293 and 2980K temperatures and times mentioned at these temperatures was 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours in different weather without coating and with nanocoating of decahydrobenzo[8] annulene-5, 10-dihydrazone and SiC filler by help of weight loss experiment. Corrosion potential and corrosion current were determined by potentiostat. Coating efficiency and surface coverage area were calculated by gravimetric methods. The surface composite barrier formation was studied by activation energy, heat of adsorption, free energy, entropy and enthalpy.

019378   Shriram B;Kanmani S (NO, Anna Univ, Centre for Environmental Studies, Chennai-600 025) : Treatment of textile dyeing wastewater using ozone based advanced oxidation processes in pilot-scale reactor. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(7), 529-40.

The treatment of textile dyeing wastewater is difficult by conventional methods and would damage the environment if discharged without treatment. The present work investigated the ozone based advanced oxidation treatment of the dyeing wastewater. The dyeing wastewater samples of different colours were collected from a yarn dyeing unit in Perundurai. The colour absorbance of the wastewaters ranged between 23.4 and 84.2/m at 436 nm, 14.2 and 92.2/m at 520 nm and 3.3 and 73.0/m at 620 nm. The COD of the raw wastewater was varying from 600 to 1060 mg/L. The treatment studies were conducted in a 200 L reactor fed with ozone at the rate of 10 g/hr to asses its efficiency in - 16 - reducing the colour and COD. Complete decolourisation and 28-32% COD reduction was achieved in UV/O₃/H₂O₂ process with ozone consumption of 50 mg/L and H₂O₂ dose of 500 mg/L after 60 min of treatment. The degradation was found to be higher in UV/H₂O₂ than that of simple ozonation. The ozone based advanced oxidation processes followed pseudo first order kinetics and the UV/O₃/H₂O₂ treatment was fastest in degradation. When the ozonation and peroxide treatment were carried out in sequence, about 95% decolourisation and 50% COD reduction was observed.

9 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

019377   Shekhar S;Shekhar H (Chemistry Dep, V. K. S. Univ, Ara-802 301) : Evaluation of water quality index and seasonal variation in river hindon near Ghaziabad. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(7), 555-66.

The pollution status in form of water quality index (WQI) of Hindon river near Ghaziabad district, U.P. has been investigated. Water quality index of Hindon was found 39.95 which refer bad quality of water due to industrial activity going on in the region. To assess the level of quality and pollution in the river, water samples of 3 sampling stations, namely SI (Daruhera, Meerut), Sll (Saurana,) and SIll (Attapeer, Mohan Nagar) have been studied with the help of physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters, such as pH, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total hardness, Ca, Mg, phosphate, nitrate, alkalinity and total coliform density as per WHO water quality standards. The water samples were collected and analysed during pre-monsoon (March to May), monsoon (June to September) and post-monsoon period (October to February) in 2012 and 2013. It has been found that these water samples have very high conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids and also highly bacteriologically contaminated.

16 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

019376   Sahu B K;Padhi S (Forest and Environment Dep, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar-751 001) : Algae as bioindicators of fresh water pollution. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(7), 594-9.

Most of our surface water bodies are under the threat of industrialization and urbanization. In an attempt to use algae as indicators of water quality, different algal species composition associated with polluted waters have been enumerated. It is observed that mere presence of a species is not a reliable indicator rather group of algal communities persisting over a long period of time are more reliable indicators of water pollution.

3 tables, 18 ref

019375   Sahu B K (Forest and Environment Dep, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar-751 001) : Physico-chemical characteristics of surface water in angul- talcher industrial zone of Odisha. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(8), 667-80.

Water is essential for our survival. Since most of the surface water sources are threatened by pollution and contaminated with untreated/partially treated wastes from industries, waste water from mines and domestic sewage in Angul-Talcher industrial area, a study was taken upto ascertain the water quality. Water samples were collected from strategic river points and ponds located in the area during the 3 seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon, - 15 - post-monsoon). It was observed that the values of electrical conductance, total alkalinity, total hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate and total solids, etc., in surface water were fluctuated widely from station to station, which is an indication of pollution from anthropogenic origin.

10 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

019374   Saha A;Munda D S;Alam J;Nayak K (NO, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Eastern), (Indian Council of Medical Research), Block-DP-1, Sector-V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700 091) : Morbidity study among villagers residing near industrial units. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(8), 663-6.

Environmental health studies involving residents near industry are not frequent. More such studies in different settings involving different population may prove useful in finding newer health adversities and planning interventions. This present study was initiated in a population residing near a metal smelting industry to explore the epidemiological details as well as prevalent morbidity of the population. This cross sectional prevalence survey was conducted in a small village. This epidemiological study was done including the parameters, like questionnaire survey, clinical examination, pulmonary function test as well as hematological examination. Acute allergic symptoms, dental abnormalities, musculoskeletal complaints were the major morbidity reported. About 23% subjects were having evidences of very mild, mild or moderate fluorosis. Backache was present in 28.3% subjects. Joint pain was reported by 22.2% subjects. This study concluded that regular monitoring of population around industries should be carried out in respect to health effect and exposure patterns so that early intervention, if needed can be taken at the earliest.

4 tables, 7 ref

019373   Rasool N;Rampal R K (Environmental Sciences Dep, Jammu Univ, GCW, Gandhi Nagar, Jammu, Email: nazialatifi@gmail.com) : Assessment of noiselevel status in commercial units of Samba town, J&K. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 153-5.

The present study has been conducted to assess the status of noise levels in different commercial units of Samba District.. The noise levels of Tea shops, Sweet shops, Medical shops, Karyana stores, Restaurant, Bus Stand etc were measured using Sound Level Meter(Data logger model:407764A).The results showed that noise levels at maximum commercial units were above the permissible limits as prescribed by CPCB. Maximum noise level of 77.4±4.9 dB (A) was recorded at Commercial units with traffic flow rate up to 1600/hrs. and minimum of 69±0.2 dB (A) at Commercial units with traffic flow rate up to 500 /hr. Also, maximum indoor noise level of 81.7±5.1 dB (A)) was recorded at teashops located on National Highway with traffic flow rate up to 1600/hr. The execution of an appropriate management strategy for limiting noise pollution on affected sites is recommended.

1 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

019372   Rani R (Zoology Dep, Navyug Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Rajendra Nagar, Lucknow, Email: reet14@yahoo.co.in) : Extraction of precious metals in fly ashes. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 141-51.

Although fly ash disposal is of environmental concern the quality of residues can be improved with respect to high value applications. Fly ash is considered as a potential source of aluminium and other strategic metals. Leaching and metal extraction behaviour of fly ash collected from Thermal Power Station have been thoroughly studied using as extractant.Coal fly ash is generated during the combustion of coal for energy production. Its utilisation as an industrial lay-product has received a great deal of attention over the past two decades as more sustainable solutions to waste problems have been sought. The present paper reviews the potential applications for coal fly ash as a raw material: as a soil amelioration agent in agriculture, in the manufacture of glass and ceramics, in the production of zeolites, in the formation of mesoporous materials, in the synthesis of geopolymers, for use as catalysts and catalyst supports, as an adsorbent for gases and waste water processes, and for the extraction of metals. The review then analyses the impact that a multi-stage process could have by examining the technology capable of a series of separations to produce hollow microspheres, enriched carbon, magnetic spheres, fine ash product, and coarse ash product. The applications for these coal fly ash derived products were also reviewed. Since Our Common Future popularized the concept of sustainable development, - 14 - researchers and industrialists have searched for ways of making industrial processes.

1 illus, 69 ref

019371   Raju G S (Geology Dep, Yogi Vemana Univ, Kadapa-516 003) : Assesment of fluoride concentration in groundwater in and around thondure mandal of Kadapa district. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(8), 645-52.

The study is aimed at to evaluate the water quality index (WQI) for groundwater of Thondure mandal, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh. The evaluation of water quality of different localities of Thondure mandal was studied. Water Quality Index (WQI) for drinking water of the Thondure mandal has been calculated with the help of estimated values of different physico-chemical parameters, such as Ca, total hardness, SO₄NO₃ F,pH,CI, total dissolved solids (TDS), Fe, alkalinity has been carried out. Results obtained were compared with standard values recommended by WHO for drinking and public health. Fluoride concentrations in groundwater ranges from 0.6 to 2.3 mg/L. Out of 40 samples 3 samples are within the desirable limit and 15 samples are within permissible limit remaining samples are above the permissible limit. The chief sources of fluoride in the groundwater are the fluoride bearing minerals in the rocks in the sediments. The important fluoride bearing minerals in the study area are fluorite, apatite, hornblende and micas. Fluoride concentrations of groundwater in the study area are significantly correlated with pH, chloride, total dissolved solids and alkalinity and negative correlation with iron.

1 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

019370   Rajendrakumar S (NO, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita Univ), Centre for Sustainable Future, Amrita Nagar, Coimbatore-641 112) : Pattern of tree communities and descriptions of papagni river basin, Andhra Pradesh. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(8), 616-27.

Tree communities of Papagni river basin was assessed using random transect method, 42 transects were developed at the length of 1 km. At every 200 m of transects nested circular plots (mature trees - 15 x 15 m; seedlings and saplings - 8 x 8 m) were developed, a total of 210 nested plots were developed and quantified tree species. Richness of mature trees showed 30 species and 25 and 32 species from seedlings and saplings stage, respectively. The density and diversity (H') of mature trees showed 23/ha and 2.83, seedlings 50/ha and 2.51 and - 13 - saplings 211 /ha and 2.63. Tree species association was measured using Hierarchical cluster analysis, dominant species of the river basin were associated and forms unique communities. Variation of species between mature trees, seedlings and saplings was tested with Mann-Whitney U test. Significant variations were observed between each stage. As a result less tolerant native species were disappearing and non-native fast growing species overbearing in this region.

6 illus, 3 tables, 47 ref

019369   Priyanka G;Byragi Reddy T;Prasada Rao P V V; Ajay B;Venkata Ramana C (Environmental Sciences Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Determination of heavy metals in ground water by using ICP- MS in surrounding areas of IDA pydibheemavaram, srikakulam and Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Sci Nat 2016, 7(4), 866-9.

A study was conducted to assess the quality of ground water surrounding IDA (Industrial development area) Pydibheemavaram. In the present study 25 ground water samples are collected from 21 villages of Srikakulam and Vizianagaram districts. The 25 samples are subjected to analysis for heavy metals like Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Ag, Cd, Ba, Pb by using ICP-MS.ICP-MS is most advanced technique for determination of heavy metal concentration up to 1part per billion(ppb). The heavy metals were found in ground water in the study area except cobalt and arsenic. The concentration of these metals were compared with drinking water quality limits given by IS: 10500 and World Health Organization (WHO),4th edition in 2011.

3 tables, 9 ref

019368   Pandey R;Raghuvanshi D;Sharma P K;Singh H; Tripathi B;Bajpai S;Dikshit A (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002, Email: rpandeybot.au@rediffmail.com) : Evaluation of the status of heavy metal contamination in sediment of the river ganga at Allahabad, India. Int J Sci Nat 2016, 7(4), 852-9.

Globally, aquatic ecosystems are highly polluted with heavy metals arising from anthropogenic and terrigenous sources. The river Ganges has been one of the major recipients of industrial effluent in India. The present paper deals with the study of occurrence of five heavy metals for sediment from the River Ganga at Allahabad, U.P., India. Mean concentration of heavy metal in the Sediment Pb: 23.80 mg/kg; Cu: 55.40 mg/kg; Zn: 100.6 mg/kg; Cd: 0.64 mg/kg; Cr: 131.8 mg/kg. The order of occurrence of heavy metal concentration in sediment: Cr<62>Zn<62>Cu<62>Pb<62>Cd. To assess metal contamination in the sediment, US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Guidelines were applied. The concentration of Cr and Cu in all sediment samples are above the EPA guideline for heavily polluted sediment and the concentration of Zn and Pb are fall in the criteria of moderately polluted and not polluted respectively. The heavy metals contamination in the sediments were also evaluated by applying Index of geoaccumulation (I_geo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (RI).

2 illus, 10 tables, 34 ref

019367   Pal P P;Mohan D;Dhoble Y;Bhattacharjee S (NO, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007, Email: partha@nmlindia.org) : Adsorption of Cu(II) and Cr(III) by iron powder in aqueous medium. J Metall Mater Sci 2016, 58(1), 1-8.

The contaminant of toxic and heavy-metal in water is one of the most important environmental issues being faced the world over. Iron powder (IP) was used as an adsorbent to remove Cu(II) and Cr(III) ions from aqueous medium.-200 mesh (-74 micron) particle size of iron powder was used for this experiment. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted. The adsorption were studied on different parameter such as adsorption dosage, contact time, mixing frequency, medium pH and initial adsorbate concentration in aqueous medium for the remediation of Cu(II) and Cr(III) ions in aqueous medium. Experimental adsorption data were successfully modeled with modified and conventional Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. Fe leaching from the adsorbent at lower pH was an issue which, however, could be satisfactorily addressed above pH 6.5. It was found that iron powder has adsorptive properties and can be used as an adsorbent for removal of Cu(II) and Cr(III)ions.

019366   Mishra A K;Srivastava P (Civil Engineering Dep, Madan Mohan Malviya Univ of Technology, Gorakhpur-273 010) : Measurement and analysis of ambient air quality at selected sites in dombivali, Thane city. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(7), 541-5.

Rapid urbanization and inadequate mass transport services impose a serious threat on human life and its environment. Urban air pollution due to vehicular emission is a matter of concern because of exposure of large number of people to it. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the air quality assessment by measuring the concentration of key pollutants, like suspended particulate matter (SPM), NOx, SO₂ and CO at various locations comprising residential, commercial, sensitive and industrial areas. High volume respirable dust sampler with thermo electrically cooled gaseous sampling attachment was used for sample collection. Air monitoring was carried at a frequency of twice a week at each station for 24 hr covering a period of 3 months. It has been found that concentration of respiratory suspended particulate matter (RSPM) and suspended particulate matter are exceeding the prescribed limit of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) at various locations whereas concentration of SO₂ and NOx is below the prescribed limit. It is observed that increasing vehicular activities, improper traffic management devices, road conditions are the major cause of increasing the concentration level of the pollutants.

6 tables, 6 ref

019365   Mir I A;Rampal R K (Environmental Sciences Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu, (Jammu and Kashmir), Email: rajkrampal@gmail.com ) : Solid waste generation and management in commercial units of Patnitop, J&K. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 199-203.

In present study attempt has been made to assess the - 11 - generation and management of solid waste in commercial units of Patnitop a famous tourist site of Udhampur district in Jammu province of J&K state. Patnitop is well known for its pleasant weather even in summer. The overall compilation of solid waste generation data revealed that total solid waste generation on an average was observed to be 24156.7 g/day (24.2 kg/day ). Study of the present scenario of solid waste management at different sites of Patnitop revealed that due to lack of proper waste management strategy in the study area, tourist and owners of the different commercial units usually used to dump their waste in open surrounding which effect the surrounding environment of the study area.

2 tables, 9 ref

019364   Kuttimani R;Raviraj A;Pandian B J;Kar G (Water Technology Centre, TNAU, Coimbatore, Email: kuttimanir@gmail.com) : Overview of groundwater quality in Tamil Nadu. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 27-37.

Ground water is considered to be very clean and safe in past days but in recent decades rapid industrialization causes severe environmental problems in most of the countries, due to the discharge of effluents into groundwater by industries like textile, dyeing, leather, tannery, pulp and paper processing industries etc., The effluent discharged by these industries leads to serious pollution which altered the geochemical parameters of surface water and ground water. Since the quality of public health depends to a greater extent on the quality of drinking water. Safe drinking water is primary need of every human being. Pollution of groundwater has been growing increasingly in several parts of India, particularly in areas of industrial development. Over burden of population pressure, unplanned urbanization, over exploitation of groundwater resources, dumping of polluted water at inappropriate place enhance the infiltration of harmful compounds to the groundwater. With the increasing demand for groundwater resources caused by an acute shortage of surface water, there is a noteworthy depletion of groundwater levels and quality due to geogenic as well as anthropogenic activities. The tanning industry is one of the oldest and fastest growing industries in south and south-east Asia. The states of Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh together have 88% of the tannery units of the country. About 55% of total leather processed in the county is from Tamil Nadu and tannery units mainly spreads over Ranipet, Ambur, Vaniyambadi, Pernambut of Vellore district, Pallavaram and Chrompet in Chennai, Dindigul, parts of Erode district and Sembattu in Trichy district (CLRI, 1990). Water, due to its great solvent power, is constantly threatened to get polluted easily.

1 illus, 9 tables, 12 ref

019363   Kour B;Raina A K (Environmental Sciences Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu, Email: anilkraina@yahoo.com) : Ambient air quality status of Jammu city. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 177-85.

Present study has been taken up to monitor the ambient air quality status of Jammu city. The data for air quality parameters (sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, respirable suspended particulate matter, suspended particulate matter) has been collected for two heavy traffic areas vis. Satwari-Bikram Chowk road (Site-II) and Kunjwani-Narwal Byepass (Site-III) and compared with a reference location with low traffic area i.e. University of Jammu Campus (Site-I), for a period of two years i.e. December 2013- November 2015. Results revealed that sites- II and III recorded higher concentration of all the studied pollutants than Site-I. Further, all the sites registered higher concentrations of all the pollutants during winter season for both the years, while during monsoon season, the levels have been recorded to be least for all the sites. Air quality indices (AQI), computed from the selected data, revealed Sites-II and III to have moderate to severe air quality status whereas light to moderate air quality status have been recorded for Site-I.

5 tables, 29 ref

019362   Kandlikar A A;Bhosle A B (NO, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada Univ, School of Earth Sciences, Vishnupuri, Nanded-431 606) : Fluoride level studies on underground water and health impact survey at Kandli, Maharashtra. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(7), 589-93.

Ground water is one of the most broadly distributed and essential natural water resources all over the world. In India, most of the population uses ground water as its primary source of drinking water (Lilly et al., 2012). The ground water is getting polluted due to the rapid urbanization, solid waste, industrial effluents and sewage in urban areas. Hazardous waste, increasing mining and petroleum operations, agricultural development activities, particularly excessive application of pesticides, fertilizers and unsanitary conditions are also contributing to the ground water pollution. Meenakshi and Maheshwari, (2006) has considered fluoride as one of the very few chemicals that have been shown to cause significant effects in people. There is a narrow margin between the desired and harmful doses of fluoride. Therefore, the efforts were made to study the concentration of fluoride in groundwater of Bhokar. The groundwater samples from 6 different sites were collected during April 2014 to March 2015 and were estimated using SPANDS method on UV spectrophotometer.

3 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

019361   Jha A K;Singh J N (NO, R.S.P. College, Jharia, Dhanbad-828 108) : Effect of factory effluents of bokaro steel plant on phytochemistry of three species of Crotalaria of fabaceae. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(8), 653-6.

Qualitative analysis of saponin, syringin, leucoanthocyanin, naphthoquinone, flavonoids, alkaloids were carried out in 3 species of Crotalaria, namely Crotalaria juncea Linn, C. sericea, retz, C. verucossa. Linn belonging to family Fabaceae growing on naturally in natural soil and in the soil containing effluents of Bokaro Steel Plant falling on Damodar river water to get a data for detecting effects of the effluents and the presence and absence of above phytochemicals in the aforesaid plants. Plants growing on natural soil did not show the presence of saponin, syringin, leucoanthocyanin, naphthoquinone but alkaloids and flavonoids were found in all 3 species of Crotalaria. The plants growing in the soil containing the Bokaro Steel Plant effluents, when tested for aforesaid phytochemical indicated different results. This has developed an interest for detailed study of these phytochemical compounds in these plants which is in progress.

3 tables, 14 ref

019360   Jasrotia R S;Raina A K (Environmental Science Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu, Email: anilkraina@yahoo.com) : Temporal variation in tree biomass and carbon stocks of Pinus roxburghii sargent forests of rajouri forest division in Jammu & Kashmir state. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 123-33.

The present study was conducted on Pinus roxburghii (chir) forests of Rajouri Forest Division in Jammu & Kashmir State to assess the temporal variations of carbon biomass and C storage between 1995-96 and 2015-16. Results of present study unveil that despite an increase of Chir tree density from 132.60 trees/ha during 1995-96 assessment to 197.61 trees/ha during 2015-16, the growing stock as well as aboveground tree biomass of Chir forests, which were 16.28 lac m³ and 9.73 lac tonnes in 1995-96, declined to 12.10 lac - 9 - m³ and 7.24 lac tonnes, respectively by 2015-16. Similarly, the total C stocks of Chir forests (aboveground + belowground), which stood at 5.90 lac tonnes during 1995-96, declined to 4.39 lac tonnes; a decrease of 25.59% in assessment period. In line with these changes, the C density of these forests also witnessed a decline from 58.95 Mg ha^-1 to 43.84 Mg ha^-1. Such declining trends definitely indicate forest degradation; poor forest health, cumulatively attributed to excessive removals, skewed distribution of Chir trees, subdued movement of trees from lower to higher diameter classes and increased anthropogenic pressure on forests in the division.

4 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref

019359   Gupta K K (NO, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita Univ), Amrita School of Business, Amrita Nagar, Coimbatore-641 112) : Wastewater recycling and reuse - a case study of Amirta Vishwa Vidyapeetham University at Ettimadai, Coimbatore. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(8), 681-5.

Clean water is essential requirement of humanity. There is sufficient fresh water available on our planet but due to wrong policies of the national government, millions of people die due to lack of water availability and bad hygiene and sanitation. India has many perennial rivers spread across length and breadth of the country. They receive water from rains and glaciers which cover Himalayas. Because of massive industrialization of the country, rivers have become highly polluted. Untreated effluents are discharged into the rivers. There is another big source of fresh water, that is ground water. The country's ground water is over exploited, especially in green revolution states. Ground water is disappearing fast. Water policy of the government and awareness level of the people towards conservation of water are of vital importance for sustained development of the nation. Encouraged by importance of conservation of water, the author wants to present the picture of water conservation steps including recycling at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Ettimadai, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The quantity of waste-water which is treated is 8.5 Lakh L/day approximately. The treated water is used for planting and watering of trees in the campus. Over the past decade or so population of trees on the campus has grown to over one lakh. The entire campus has been transformed into oasis of greenery. With the presence of so many trees on the campus, the air pollution has come down, summer heat has reduced and biodiversity has been enhanced. The clean and green ambience of Amrita Vishwapeetham University is a shining model for adopting all over the country.

2 tables, 4 ref

019358   Gandhi R K;Sharma N;Raina A K (Environmental Sciences Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir), Email: anilkraina@yahoo.com) : Ion chromatographic analysis of heavy metals from a glacial fed cold water Himalayan stream, Bhaderwah, J&K, India. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 157-65.

Monitoring of heavy metals viz., Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Cobalt and Manganese has been done from 25 stations selected along Neeru stream and its tributaries for two years i.e., Jan 2014- - 8 - Dec 2015. Ultra trace level analysis have been done on Ion Chromatograph by using Metro Sep C4 150 mm column taking 1.75 mM Oxalic acid and 2 mM Ascorbic acid as eluent and 0.15 mM PAR, 0.4 mM ammonia (25%) and 80 mM nitric acid as post column reagent with UV Visible detection. The observed values of Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Cobalt and Manganese at different sampling stations were found to be in the range BDL-0.199, BDL-0.258, 0.001-0.078, BDL-0.074 and BDL-2.050 ppm, respectively. All the analysed metals were found within the permissible limits except Nickel and Manganese at some stations.

1 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

019357   Emam E A (Refining and Petrochemical Engineering Dep, Suez Univ, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez, Egypt) : Industry perspective for greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(8), 635-44.

One of the most vulnerable countries to climate change is Egypt, with an annual average increase of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is 5.1%, resulting the negative impacts on social and health. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) can play an essential role in conquering barriers facing the projects of the greenhouse gas emissions reduction in developing countries, like Egypt. This paper reports 5 industrial projects to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions, based on sustainable development criteria for clean development mechanism to promote cleaner climate in Egypt. The selected projects are focused on flare gas recovery system, electricity generation, fuel switching and heat recovery and CO₂ capture. The studied projects reduced the CO₂ emissions, using more efficient technologies. Heat recovery project in cement industry provided the highest reduction emission cost ($ 21 per MtCO₂e), according to the selected crediting period. Fuel switching project was the highest economic project, while, CO₂ capture technology presented the same values of reduction emission cost ($12 per MtCO₂e) according to the selected crediting period and project life time. Additionally, the projects were able to enhance the capacity building and employment opportunities for Egyptian industry. The projects also represented the major stepping stone for implementing reduction of emissions in Egypt as a future perspective.

2 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

019356   Dhevagi P;Poorani E (Environmental Sciences Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: devagisivaraj@gmail.com) : Isolation of L glutaminase producing actinomycetes from thiruvallum brackish water. Int J Sci Nat 2016, 7(4), 821-7.

Extreme environmental conditions prevalent in the marine ecosystem forces the marine organisms to be the source of novel bioactive compounds. Among the marine microorganisms, Actinomycetes gains importance as they play vital role in the production of useful metabolites. An experimental study was planned with a view to explore the potential of marine actinomycetes present in the brackish water. Isolates with different growth pattern was isolated from the marine sediments of Thiruvallum, Kerala. All the isolates were subjected to rapid plate assay technique for screening L glutaminase activity. Sea water glutamine agar supplemented with 0.018% phenol red was used for assessing glutaminase activity. Only one isolate among the eight isolates showed significant enzyme activity and KT 05 showed highest zone of clearance. The crude enzyme extracted from the promising isolate KT 05 was purified by salting out with ammonium sulphate followed by sephadex gel filtration.

2 illus, 5 tables, 39 ref

019355   Bai Y R;Reji T F A F;Salaman S B (Chemistry Dep, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam-629 165) : Sediment quality in sand mining areas of a river. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(7), 575-81.

In the study sediment samples were collected for a period of 1 year from sand mining areas of a river and the quality of sediment was analyzed by calculating the geo accumulation index.

14 tables, 20 ref

019354   Anju Kumari;Singh R;Goswami N G (PG Dep, Kolhan Univ, Chaibasa, Jharkhand-833 202, Email: ngg1@rediffmail.com) : Seasonal variation of heavy metals in Subarnarekha river at Jamshedpur, East Singhbhum, Jharkhand. J Metall Mater Sci 2016, 58(3), 159-66.

The investigation is aimed at assessing the amount of heavy metals and current water quality standard along the Subarnarekha river in Jharkhand. Three samples were collected along the stretches of Subarnarekha basin during the period: Jan-Dec, 2015, on the first week of every month. The concentrations Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr, Co, Sr, Cd and Fe were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for seasonal fluctuation, source apportionment and heavy metal pollution indexing. The results demonstrated that concentrations of the metals showed significant seasonality. To assess the composite influence of all the considered metals on the overall quality of the water, heavy metal pollution indices were calculated. The deterioration of water quality and enhanced concentrations of certain metals in the Subarnarekha River near industrial and mining establishments may be attributed to anthropogenic contribution from the industrial and mining activities of the area. Various physicochemical parameters like pH, TDS, EC, DO, BOD, Total Hardness, Total alkalinity sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium etc. were also analysed. Eight parameters namely pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Nitrate, Phosphate, Total Dissolved Solids and Faecal Colliform were considered to compute Water Quality Index (WQI) based on National Sanitation Foundation studies and discussed.

019353   Angmo S;Rampal R K (Environmental Sciences Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-(Jammu and Kashmir), Email: sonamangmo111@rediffmail.com) : Biomedical waste management in sonam norbu memorial govt. district hospital Leh-Ladakh. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 169-75.

In present study attempt has been made to assess generation and management of biomedical waste at Sonam Norbu Memorial Govt. District Hospital Leh-Ladakh. The study revealed that in the hospital 267.7 g per bed per day of BMW is generated and hospital has adopted Biomedical waste management rule 2016 partially because so far as collection of Biomedical waste is concerned hospital is using four colour dust bins in all the wards, blood bank, laboratory and OPD whereas after collection the disposal of biomedical waste is not done as per BMW rule 2016.

4 tables, 21 ref

019352   Agre H K;Naik S J K;Pandith M (Environmental Toxicology Div, Env science Dep, Univ College of Science, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad, Telangana, Email: agre.harsh@gmail.com) : Appraisal of groundwater quality from Sirpur Kaghaznagar area, Adilabad district, Telangana. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 87-98.

Ground water quality plays an important role in promoting agricultural production and standard of human health and the sources and causes of ground water pollution are closely associated with human use of water. For many years ground water was thought to be protected from contamination by the layers of rocks and soil that acts as a filter, but contaminants do make their way into the ground water and affect its quality. The present paper deals with the assessment of seasonal variation in ground water and its suitability for drinking purpose. For this purpose major ions were assessed and Water Quality index was calculated for both pre monsoon and post monsoon season. A comparison of ground water quality in relation to drinking water quality standards proves that the ground water quality was altered with respect to parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and TH showcased higher levels. Similarly WQI calculated for both the seasons ranged to fall in poor to unsuitable category. From the above results it is clear that the - 6 - ground water of the study area is deteriorated due to paper industry effluents, use of agricultural fertilizers and the local geology and is found unsatisfactory for drinking purpose.

1 illus, 10 tables, 15 ref

018410   Yadav K;Kaushik S P;Bansal M L (Geography Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra, Haryana, Email: kokilaydav1@gmail.com ) : Existing municipal solid waste management scenario in Faridabad city. Envir Ecol 2016, 34(4A), 1907-12.

Municipal solid water (MSW) is generated in Faridabad city in Haryana, India, due to its rapid economic growth, increasing population and change in living standards of city. This paper analysis critically existing municipal solid waste management in study area. At present, the total solid waste generated in Faridabad municipality is around 618 tons/ day, but the waste collected by the municipality is about 470tons/day, which means almost 148 tons/day of the solid waste remains uncollected. Presently, there are three dumping sites which are temporary in nature. Recently, three NGOs named Ramki (NIT), Vishal Protection Force (Old Faridabad) and International Academy (Balllabhgarh) have been awarded the work of door-to-door collection by MCF. After collecting the waste from the houses, these NGOs transfer it to the nearest collecting points. There are at present 342 collection points in the city provided with commu-nity bins, open bins, dumper bins, etc. Capacity of compost plant situated at Bandhwari village (Gurgaon rood) is 10000TPD. It includes 600TPD for Faridabad and 400TPD for Gurgaon. Presently, 20OMTP is used for making compost, fuel pallets and RDF. The wastes are being dumped in the open without any treatment. Salvage of materials with recycling potential and value by rag-pickers takes place primarily at the collection points and partly at the landfill sites. Collection and dumping of domestic and municipal wastes is a serious problem in Faridabad city because of its impact on environment and public health. This leads to the pollution of ground and surface water because of leaching. Polluted water flowing from waste disposal sites caused serious pollution of water supply.The open burning of waste caused air pollution, illness, reduction in visibility and making disposal sites dangerously unstable. The gases produced by burning cause different respiratory diseases. Aerosols and dust spread fungi and pathogens from uncollected and decomposing waste.

5 tables, 8 ref

018409   Sunny A R (NO, , ECOFISH<) : Review on effect of global climate change on seaweed and seagrass. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(6), 19-22.

This study describes how global climate change influences the growth, production and reproduction of seaweed, seagrass and their associated - 16 - ecosystems. All the data used in this study have been collected from numerous secondary sources. Seaweed survival, growth, and reproduction are varied with numerous environmental variables, including temperature, desiccation, wave heights, nutrient supply via upwelling and run-off, pH and carbon dioxide concentration itself. With the rising of sea levels, seagrass and seaweed habitats at any given location will experience reduced distribution and abundance. Either increases or decreases in salinity will impact seagrass and seaweed. The potential effects of increasing CO2 and the impacts of greater UV-B radiation will alter seagrass and seaweed photosynthesis and productivity. This review underscores the critical need of research on the direct effects of the various aspects of global climate change on seaweeds and seagrass.

1 table, 43 ref

018408   Singh R A (Zoology Dep, R. M. Devi D. Rai College, Nowan, Kochas, Rohtas (Bihar), Email: sujitniku94@gmail.com) : Seasonal variation in physico-chemical parameters of water of sun temple pond at kochas, Rohtas (Bihar). Life Sci Bull 2016, 13(1), 103-6.

In the present study, seasonal variation in physico-chemical parameters of water of Sun Temple pond at Kochas, Rohtas (Bihar) is reported from January,2014 to December,2015. An average value of atmospheric temperature was recorded 26.51±10.2°C, water temperature 22.7±9.05°C, pH 7.05±0.31, conductivity 1008.46±125.95 μmho/cm, dissolved oxygen 5.83±0.83. mg/1, biochemical oxygen demand 3.86±1.26 mg/1, total alkalinity 238.94± 26.50 mg/1, hardness 193.87±45.24 mg/1, total dissolved solid 589.22±77.49 mg/1, chloride 13.60±2.19 mg/1, nitrate 1.3175± 0.18 mg/1 and phosphate 0.2925±0.06 mg/1 in this study. Statistical analysis inferred that air temperature and water temperature is negatively correlated to pH, dissolved oxygen, and phosphate but positively to conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate, total alkalinity, chloride, hardness and total dissolved solid. On the other hand, pH showed negative correlation to biochemical oxygen demand, total alkalinity, chloride, hardness and total dissolved solid but positive correlation to conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate and phosphate. Dissolved oxygen is also negatively correlated to biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate, total alkalinity, chloride, hardness and total dissolved solid but positively to phosphate. The study will help in understanding the present status of the water body, biodiversity of this system and also assessment of precautionary measures.

2 tables, 8 ref

018407   Sikdar P K;Chakraborty S (Environment Management Dep, Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management, Kolkata, Email: p_sikdar@hotmail.com) : Numerical modelling of groundwater flow to understand the impacts of pumping on arsenic migration in the aquifer of North Bengal plain. J Earth Syst Sci 2017, 126(2), 1-22.

In this paper, numerical simulations of regional-scale groundwater flow of North Bengal Plain have been carried out with special emphasis on the arsenic (As)-rich alluvium filled gap between the Rajmahal hills on the west and the Garo hills on the east. The proposed concern of this modelling arose from development that has led to large water table declines in the urban area of English Bazar block, Malda district, - 15 - West Bengal and possible transport of As in the near future from the adjacent As-polluted aquifer. Groundwater occurs under unconfined condition in a thick zone of saturation within the Quaternary alluvial sediments. Modelling indicates that current pumping has significantly changed the groundwater flowpaths from pre-development condition. At the present pumping rate, the pumping wells of the urban area may remain uncontaminated till the next 25 yrs, considering only pure advection of water but some water from the As-polluted zone may enter wells by 50 yrs. But geochemical and other processes such as adsorption, precipitation, redox reaction and microbial activity may significantly retard the predicted rate by advective transport. In the rural areas, majority of the water pumped from the aquifer is for irrigation, which is continuously re-applied on the surface. The near-vertical nature of the flowpaths indicates that, where As is present or released at shallow depths, it will continue to occur in pumping wells. Modelling also indicates that placing all the pumping wells at depths below 100 m may not provide As-free water permanently.

17 illus, 8 tables, 55 ref

018406   Shiv C;Shrivastava R K;Dube K K (Environmental Science Dep, Govt. Model Science College (Auto.) Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Email: chanchalashiv@gmail.com) : Preliminary studies on physico-chemical parameters of river Temar, district Jabalpur (M.P.). Life Sci Bull 2016, 13(1), 25-8.

The total environment is a complex entity of which water is the essential component for survival of all the living beings. Life in aquatic environment is largely governed by physico-chemical characteristics and their stability in ecosystem. The precipitation which is the main source of water gets contaminated as soon as it reaches on the earth's surface and during its flow anthropogenic activities in surrounding area further add impurities in it. The water samples were collected monthly for a period of one year from different sampling stations along the stretch of river. During study period, river maintained well alkaline nature of water in study area. Parameters like dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total hardness, total alkalinity and pH showed variation from upstream to downstream. Dissolved oxygen was found to be maximum during winter may be due to low temperature. However, conductivity, total hardness and total alkalinity were found to be maximum during the summer season.

5 tables, 24 ref

018405   Shiji M;Sabitha A R;Prabhakar K;Harikumar P S (Water Quality Div, Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode-673 571, Email: drpshari@yahoo.co.in) : Water quality - 14 - assessment of Kavvayi lake of northern Kerala, India using CCME water quality index and biological water quality criteria. J envir Biol 2016, 37(6), 1265-72.

Assessment of water quality status of 7 sites of Kavvayi Wetland in northern Kerala (India) was carried out. The physico-chemical, bacteriological and biological parameters were monitored during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) water quality index of the Kavvayi Lake samples ranged from 43.99-44.77; indicating that water quality was threatened or impaired. The poor water quality status might be due to dumping of wastes from municipal and domestic sources and agricultural runoff. Biological water quality criteria (BWQC) determined for wetland revealed that stations such as mixing point of Kariangode River into Kavvayi Lake and Kottikkadavu was moderately polluted in pre-monsoon and post- monsoon seasons. Mixing point of Nileswar River into Kavvayi Lake was moderately polluted in pre-monsoon season. Both calculated indices suggest that quality of lake was found to be influenced by anthropogenic activities such as unscientific tourism and infrastructure development, land encroachment, sand mining, pollution etc. The study was carried out as part of a programme, which aimed to conserve Kavvayi wetland because of its unique ecological and environmental characteristics.

2 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

018404   Pokale S N (Zoology Dep, New Arts, Commerce and Science College, Parner, Dist. Ahmednagar, (M.S.), Email: snpokale@gmail.com) : Assessment of physico-chemical parameters from hanga lake parner tahasil, Dist. Ahmednagar (M.S.). Life Sci Bull 2016, 13(1), 49-50.

The assessment of physicochemical parameters of Hanga lake from Parner Tahasil of Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra State was carried out during the period January, 2010 to December, 2010. The physico-chemical parameters such as Atmospheric temperature, Water temperature, pH, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Acidity, Alkalinity, Carbon dioxide, Dissolved oxygen, Total hardness and Chloride were monitored on seasonal basis. The results revealed that the reservoir water is safe for human use and agricultural purpose.

9 ref

018403   Ozel H U (Environmental Engineering Dep, Bartin Univ, Faculty of Engineering, Bartin, Turkey, Email: hanucun@yahoo.com) : Effects of dusts of bartin cement factory on taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) seeds' germination. J envir Biol 2016, 37(6), 1331-4.

The present study effects of pollutant particles from Bartin Cement Factory on development of seeds and leaves of Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani Rich.) which in plantation area around the factory were examined. For this purpose, seeds were collected from sampling trees located 200m, 400m, 600m, 800m and 1000m (control) and germination percentage of seeds, and total chlorophyll content of seedlings were determined. Moreover, in the present study, the air movement around Bartin Cement Factory and level of pollutants in sampling areas were also determined. The directions of the prevailing winds around the cement factory were North, and Northwest. From the aspect of pollutant material level, the array of sampling areas was SP1<62>SP2<62>SP3<62>SP4<62> C. On the other hand, evaluating the results of mean seed germination percentages, a significant difference (P<60>0.01) was noted between control and seeds of Taurus Cedar at various distances from are pollutant source. From the aspect of the power of seeds collected with 3 repetitions from Taurus Cedars located at various distances, it a significant difference (P<60>0.01) was found between the control and experimental groups. Accordingly, from both the aspects of mean germination percentage and seed power, an apparent increase was observed from 400 m distance. On the other hand, as the distance from cement factory increased, total chlorophyll content in Taurus Cedar seedlings increases significantly. Results of bilateral regression analysis evaluated exponential relationship at level 97% between these 2 variables.

3 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

018402   Myrthong I;Nath S;Lal S B (Environmental Science Dep, School of Forestry and Environment, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agri, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211 007, Email: imvrthong644@gmail.com) : Impact of vehicular traffic noise for people residing in Allahabad - Varanasi highway, UP. Envir Ecol 2016, 34(4), 1649-54.

Noise pollution is an interfering air-pollut-ant which possesses both auditory and a host of non--auditory effects on the exposed population. The present study was conducted on some selected sites of the Allahabad-Varanasi highway. Each site was further categorized as IC (inner circle within 100 meters radius), MC (middle circle 101-250 meters) and OC (outer circle of 251 -500 meters) from the highway. The objective of the study was to identify the part of the circle where the subjects are mostly affected. The noise impact on the surrounding area was analyzed with the help of questionnaire which addressed questions related to exposure, auditory and non auditory impacts, health backgrounds, satisfaction and awareness of the concerned subjects. The subjects selected ranges from traffic policeman to the people residing in the particular area. The results obtained shows that the percentage of exposure, auditory and non auditory effects of the subjects was highest in the inner circle whereas the percentage of - 13 - satisfaction of the environment and traffic as well as awareness was highest in the outer circle of all the selected sites. The present study helps us to conclude that the people who are mostly affected are those in the inner circle within the 100 meters from the highway since they are in direct contact with the noise.

4 illus, 19 ref

018401   Karmaker T;Medhi H;Dutta S (Civil Engineering Dep, Thapar Univ, Patiala-147 004, Email: tapas1976@gmail.com ) : Study of channel instability in the braided Brahmaputra river using satellite imagery. Curr Sci 2017, 112(7), 1533-43.

In the present study, instability of the river reach of Brahmaputra was analysed for braided belt width changes, braiding index and bar area. The river reach of the Brahmaputra from its confluence of Lohit, Dibang and Dihang to its confluence with the Tista river was studied from 1973 to 2009. The study was carried out using remotely sensed data from Landsat satellites at different dates. Discharge data synchronized with satellite data was collected by maintaining near-similar water level or discharge. Wavelet of the braided belt change was analysed to get the wavelet power and spatial extent of the changes. Finally, stream power was analysed from the average discharge data during the monsoon period to determine its effect on the instability of parameters considered. Results indicate that stream power does not directly relate to local changes in the braided belt or braiding index. However, with decrease in stream power, an increasing trend of bar area was found. Maximum wavelet power within a period showed a threshold behaviour at stream power of 5 W/km, beyond which the wavelet power raised sharply to a high value with increase in stream power. River response to the stream power was found at a global level rather than local level. Finally, a gradual decrease in stream power over time indicates the stable river reach. However, changes due to local bank erosion cannot be predicted using this analysis.

13 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

018400   Karakoti I;Kesarwani K;Mehta M;Dobhal D P (Centre for Glaciology, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun-248 001, Email: indira_ntl@yahoo.co.in) : Modelling of meteorological parameters for the chorabari glacier valley, Central Himalaya, India. Curr Sci 2017, 112(7), 1553-60.

In the present study, we have developed empirical relationships to estimate meteorological parameters at the glacier altitude from the data on non-glacier altitude. Meteorological data collected from automatic weather station at Chorabari Glacier from November 2011 to May 2013 are analysed and empirical equations for air temperature, relative humidity and incoming global radiation are proposed. The dataset of one year (November 2011-October 2012) is used in the calibration of models, while data for the next seven months (November 2012-May 2013) are employed to validate the models. Moreover, an analytical study is also conducted on incoming diffuse radiation (estimated through the established model for India). Further, a relationship is established - 12 - to correlate the diffuse component of two sites. Variation trend of meteorological parameters with altitude is found to be different for each of the parameters, viz. quadratic for air temperature, logarithmic for relative humidity, and linear for global and diffuse radiation. Performance of the generated equations is tested through various statistical methods. The study reveals that developed correlations are able to give a good match with in situ measurements.

7 illus, 4 tables, 31 ref

018399   Golder D;Chattopadhyay S (Zoology Dep, B.K.C. College, Kolkata-700 108, Email: sanjib_chatt@rediffmail.com) : Interrelationship between physico-chemical characteristics of a tropical lake and their impact on biodiversity of planktons. J envir Biol 2016, 37(6), 1281-9.

The physicochemical parameters including temperature, pH, dissolved O2, free CO₂, total alkalinity, permanent hardness, salinity, transparency, specific conductivity, BOD, COD, phosphate and nitrate were studied in a tropical lake, called Bonhooghly Lake (situated at Baranagar, Kolkata) around the year 2014 and the correlation between the said parameters, as well as their impact on Biodiversity indices were made. There is stable increase of CO₂ content in water from August (27.24 mg l^-1) and afterwards due to decaying of plant materials. Therefore there is a slight fall of pH (7.1). Significant negative correlation (p<60>0.01) between pH and CO₂ content was also obtained. It also shows a significant negative correlation with O2 content as well. During February and March transparency of water falls significantly with the increase of algal bloom. It significantly decreases dissolved O2 content and pH but increases free dissolved CO₂ (p<60>0.01). Phosphate has a definite correlation with nitrate content of the Lake, possibly because both are among the most essential nutrients of living system. Increase of one obviously indicates escalation of other. During the early months of the year phosphate and nitrate content of water increased steadily (up to 0.13 and 1.85 mg l^-1 respectively) and a very high number of Chlamydomonas(up to15100 l^-1) and Chlorella (up to 13140 l^-1)were observed. Species richness indices (Menhinick's index) of Phytoplanktons were observed maximum in the month of May, dominance (Simpson's index) in January and diversity (Shannon-Weaver index) in April. Zooplanktons also followed the same trend indicating close interdependence. It was significant that apart from other factors, temperature played a most pivotal role in bringing the diversity in the plankton community.

3 tables, 18 ref

018398   Fazekasova D;Boguska Z;Fazekas J; Skvareninova J;Chovancova J (Environmental Management Dep, Faculty of Management, Presov in Presov Univ, 08116 Presov, Slovakia, Email: danica.fazekasova@unipo.sk) : Contamination of vegetation growing on soils and substrates in the unhygienic region of central spis (Slovakia) polluted by heavy metals. J envir Biol 2016, 37(6), 1335-40.

The paper aims at clarifying the long-term impact of mining activities on the contamination of biotic components of the environment. The research was conducted in during 2011-2014 at selected locations of the cadastral territory of former mining towns of Central Spis (Slovakia) with different ecosystems of permanent grassland, mine waste sites and bankside vegetation. The results of the analysis showed that considerably dominant species at contaminated locations such as Betula pendula, Silene vulgaris, Geranium sylvaticum, Petasites hybridus, Mentha longifolia could absorb high quantities of heavy metals. The observed contents of heavy metals, especially zinc, copper and mercury in plants significantly exceeded the threshold values determined by law. The highest contamination as compared to the threshold values was found in young plants of Betula pendula in the Slovinky tailing pond site, in which zinc content exceeded the threshold value 852 times. Excess of copper content also exceeded the threshold value 271 times. The highest concentration of mercury in all of the surveyed sites was observed in dry matter of Betula pendula in the area of heap in the Porac Valley, where threshold - 11 - value was 184 times higher. Statistically significant locations similar in relation to the characteristic species and monitored heavy metals was recorded on the locations of tailing pond and heap as the most important centres of contamination with the following dominant species Betula pendula, Pinus silvestris and Agrostis capilaris.

2 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

018397   Elhadi R E;Abdullah A M;Abdullah A H; Ash'aari Z H;Gumel D Y;Binyehmed F M (Environmental Sciences Dep, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Univ Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Email: amakmom@upm.edu.my) : Identification of heavy metals in particulate matter PM₁₀ of traffic area, cheras, Malaysia. Envir Ecol 2016, 34(4), 1731-7.

This study was initiated to determine the heavy metals in particulate matter (PM₁₀) in three sampling sites with different traffic density:high (CH), medium (CM) and low density (CL) density traffic, PM₁₀ Samples were collected from June to July 2014 during the southwest monsoon using a high volume sampler. The results showed that the PM₁₀ mean levels were significantly higher in CH and CM (207.63 and 164.92 μμg/m³) than the CL (90.09 μg/m³). The mean quantity of heavy metals in PM₁₀ was in the order Ba<62>Zn<62>Pb<62>Mn <62> Cr <62> As. The highest level of these heavy metals was recorded at CH followed by CM and CL except the mean level of As, which was recorded as being higher compared to CH. Based on the correlation and enrichment analyses, the heavy metals could be divided into two source emissions in the study area - Crustal and non-crustal. Among the heavy metals, As, Pb, Zn and Ba were found to be highly enriched in the atmospheric particulate matter, Cr showed a high EF in low density. Therefore, they were visibly affected by non-crustal sources (vehicular emission sources). In contrast, the EF calculated for Cr was lower in high and medium density suggesting chiefly crustal origin sources. This clearly indicates that traffic density is the main source in the study areas.

2 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

018396   El-Taher A;Al-Turki A (Promising Research Center in Biological Control and Agricultural Infor, Qassim Univ, Buraydah-51452, Saudi Arabia, Email: atef.eltaher@gmail.com) : Radon activity measurements in irrigation water from Qassim province by RAD7. J envir Biol 2016, 37(6), 1299-302.

The study deals with investigating radon level in groundwater, which is being used for irrigation in the environs of Qassim province, Saudi Arabia. Ninety nine samples of groundwater were collected from eight cities in Qassim province. Radon concentrations in the collected water samples were measured with RAD7 electronic radon detector connected to RAD- H2O accessory (Durridge Co., USA). The concentration of ²²²Rn in 99 irrigation groundwater samples ranged from 1.20 to 15.43 Bq l^-1Radon level in 5 samples 2 from Al-Asyah, 2 from Al shamasia and one sample from Al Moznib exceeded the permissible level of radon 11 Bq l^-1 in groundwater. The total annual effective dose varied with increase in radon concentration. The calculated effective dose per liter (EDL) and annual effective dose (AED) ranged from 6.1 to 77.15 nSvl^-1 and 4.45 to 56.16 μSv y^-1, respectively. It was evident that the total annual effective doses resulting from radon in 95% from groundwater in Qassim area were significantly lower than - 10 - the permissible limit of 1 mSv y^-1 for the public.

2 tables, 39 ref