013884   Bhargav V K;Uriyal V P;Kittur S;Sivakumar K (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun (Uttarakhand)) : Bird Records from Simbalbara wildlife sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh. Indian For 2007, 133(10), 1411-18.

1 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

013883   Athreya V R;Thakur S S;Chaudhuri S;Belsare A V (NO, , Kaati Trust, D-103, GMRT Colony, Narayangaon-410 504, Email: phatrosie@gmail.com) : Leopards in human-dominated areas: A spillover from sustained translocations into nearby forest?. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2007, 104(1), 45-50.

In the past decade, many Indian states have reported an increase in Leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) populations outside forests, in certain areas, accompanied by a large number of attacks on people. This high density was attributed to declining natural habitats and prey species, and the increased survival of Leopards in croplands where they preyed on tended, as well as feral domestic animals. That Leopard cubs were frequently found in agricultural fields was thought to also indicate rising Leopard populations. Use data from our human-leopard conflict study in Junnar. Maharashtra, along with information from three other conflict sites in India, to propose that the reason for this increase in Leopard population and conflict is related to the sustained translocation of 'problem' Leopards into nearby forests. That sustained releases could lead to population increases was never considered before, even though translocation is known to be a procedure for increasing populations of species at or close to the site of release. Although scientists do not recommend translocation as a management strategy for 'problem' carnivores, it is currently the legally recommended method of dealing with 'problem' large cats in India. Such faulty policies will only further hamper the conservation of this species, which is hunted in large numbers for illegal wildlife trade.

1 table, 34 ref

013882   Aisha Sultana;Hussain M S;Khan J A (Wildlife Sciences Dep, Conservation Ecology Research Group, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002) : Bird communities ofthe proposed Naina and Pindari wildlife sanctuaries in the Kumaon himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2007, 104(1), 19-29.

Two areas rich in avifauna, Vinaiyak and Pindari reserve forests in Kumaon, were surveyed in 1998 and 2000. A total of 165 bird species were recorded in Vinaiyak and 121 bird species were recorded in Pindari Reserve Forest. The diversity of bird species was highest in the oak habitat in Pindari both during pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons, while in Vinaiyak it was highest in the oak habitat during pre-monsoon. The insectivore guild was dominant over all other guilds in both areas. Conservation problems are discussed briefly and recommendations made.

5 illus, 8 tables, 26 ref

012941   Raju G;Dhanavel D (Education Dep, Anamalai Univ, Anamalainagar-608 002) : Studies on cytopolymorphism in Cirnum defixum Ker. Pl Archs 2008, 8(1), 129-32.

Crinum defixum Ker. 6 cytotypes differing in such characters patently and inherently like size and shape of bulbs and leaves and nature of inflorescence and flowers had been isolated from Annamalainagar, Chidambaram (Local area) and cytologically investigated. All these types were grown in our Botanic Garden under identical environmental conditions for 6 months before commencing the cytological investigations. The chromosomal constitutions of the various cytotypes are as follows. Type I; 2n = 30, Type II; 2n = 24, Type III; 2n = 22, Type IV; 2n = 20, Type V; 2n = 20 and Type VI; 2n = 20 + 1 and 2n = 20-1 chromosomes.

21 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

012940   Dalai B;Mohanty B K (P.G. Botany and Biotechnology Dep, Khallikote Autonomous College, Berhampur-760 001) : Ecophysiological studies of sugar mill effluents on the seedling morphology and biochemistry of Pisum sativum L.. Pl Archs 2008, 8(1), 155-8.

Effect of sugar mills effluents on Pisum salivum L was studied with the range of concentrations from 5% to 25%. The effluent has significantly inhibited germination, root and shoot length at very low concentration. The biomolecules like chlorophyll, protein and amino acids, DNA, RNA and Carbohydrates were stimulated at 5 and 10% of effluent treatment. A significant correlation was not established between 5-25% effluent treatment and biomolecules studied. However, the shoots of the seedlings were found to be resistant, where as roots of the seedlings were susceptible to sugar mill effluents.

3 tables, 29 ref

010899   Talukdar B K;Barua M;Sarma P K (NO, , Aaranyak, 50 Samanwoy Path, Survey, Guwahati-781 028, Email: bibhab@aaranyak.org) : Tracing straying routes of rhinoceros in Pabitora wildlife sanctuary, Assam. Curr Sci 2007, 92(9), 1303-5.

The population of the Great one-horned or Indian rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis has been gradually increasing in the small protected area in Assam, the Pabitora Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS). From 54 in the year 1987, the rhinoceros (rhino) population has touched 81 in April 2006. Keeping the increase in rhino population in mind and also the tendency of the rhinos to stray out of the sanctuary, particularly during winter season, a detailed study was made between 2000 and 2005 in and around Pabitora WLS, to mark the routes used by rhinos to stray out of the WLS using GPS and remote sensing-based mapping. During the field study, it was observed that on an average 20-30 rhinos strayed out from the sanctuary every night between November and March. Few rhinos were tracked down outside the boundary of the WLS during the study and the routes were mapped to assist the sanctuary managers to initiate appropriate remedial measures.

3 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

009858   Dash P K;Panda D;Dhal N K;Rout N C;Muduli S D;Rao K S (Regional Research Laboratory(CSIR), , Bhubaneswar-751013, Email: dhalnk@yahoo.com) : Quantitative assessment of true mangroves present at Bhitarakanika wild life sanctuary, Orissa, India. Ecol Envir Conserv 2007, 13(2), 403-8.

Quantitaive structure of true mangroves of Bhitarakanika wildlife sanctuary. Orissa was studied in five forest blocks viz. Khola, Dangamal, Bhitarkanika, Thakurdia and Habalikhati from January to July 2005. During the course of investigation 29 species of true mangroves were found to be present in the sanctuary. The species like Avicenia alba,A.marina, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera parviflora, Ceriops tagal, Lumnitzera rocemosa. Rhizophoraapiculata, R. mucronata and Sonneratia alba were rarely encountered at Khola, Dangamal and Bhitarakanika regions, while Cerbera manghas, Kandelia candel, Sapium indicum and Xylocarpus mekongenesis were hardly observed at the Habalikhati and Thakurdia region. Avicennia officinnalis is observed to be most dominant species within the sanctuary area followed by heritiera fomes and Excoecaria agallocha.

2 illus,1 table,17 ref

007026   Negi A S (NO, Corbett Tiger Reserve, 300 Model Colony, Araghar, Dehradun) : Natural wealth of Uttarakhand forests and wildlife. Cheetal 2007, 45(3-4), 18-21.

2 tables

004898   Shreshtha T K (Central Department of Zoology, Tribhnwan University, GPO Box 6133, Kathmandu, Nepal) : Search for the Mountain Quail in Nepal. Cheetal 2007, 45(1-2), 35-9.

Mountain quail (Ophrysia superciliosa) a bird known only form a small number of specimens and smaller set of field observation, has long been a matter of ornithological curiosity because of its shy and elusive nature. This species has `restricted itself to high mountain and dizzying passes'. The mountain quails were once frequently reported by ornithologists in India. But due to loss of habitat, it is practically extinct in most of those reported areas. Recently ornithologists in India expressed their hope of finding mountain quails. This prompted an exploratory field study in the mountains of upper karnali valley of western Nepal. According to local people Mountain quail formerly occured in western Nepal and was popularly known as small mountain black partridge (Sano-kalotitra or Virtitra). Hunters and trappers of upper Karnali valley and Dailekh area still are optimistic about the survival of this bird. It is believed tha the mountain quail may occur in Nepal and possibly in quite a few numbers. The search will be continued in unexplored possible habitats of steep hills and rocky grasslands, where camouflaging makes the birds practically invisible. Therefore, a long term purposeful quest should be prompted in search of this ornithological question mark in Western Nepal.

004897   Reddy C S;Pattanaik C;Murthy M S R (Forestry and Ecology Div, , National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad-500 037, Email: csreddy_nrsa@rediffmail.com) : Assessment of monitoring of mangroves of Bhitarkanika wildlife sanctuary, Orissa, India using remote sensing and GIS. Curr Sci 2007, 92(10), 1409-15.

The present study deals with periodic assessment and monitoring of the mangroves of Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, Orissa, India using remote sensing, and Geographic Information System techniques. Satellite data of Landsat MSS for 1973, IRS-1A LISS II for 1988 and IRS-P6 LISS III for 2004 along with other spatial and non-spatial data were used to find out the changes that occurred in mangrove and other land-cover categories during the last 30 years. It was found that the sanctuary is occupied by agriculture (51.76%), followed by dense mangrove (21.77%), water bodies (20.19%) and open mangrove (2.73%). A loss of 1534 ha mangrove area and an increase of 2436 ha agriculture area clearly depict anthropogenic activities by local villagers. A significant increase of 270 ha plantations illustrates plantation activities taken up by the Orissa Forest Department to protect the coastal shoreline.

5 illus, 6 tables, 21 ref

004896   Nagar S (D B S(PG) College, , Dehra Dun) : Captive breeding-A pillar of ex-situ conservation. Cheetal 2007, 45(1-2), 50-2.

003362   todkari G U;Patil B D (NO, Shri Snat Damaji Collage, Mangalwedha, Solapur, Maharashtra, Email: govindtodkari@gmail.com) : Geographical study of a natural forest in solapur district of mMaharashtra, India. J Envir Res Dev 2010, 5(1), 233-9.

A forest is a natural ecosystem having multi species and multiaged trees as dominant community. Forest cover about one third of the earths land surface of which about 50 % is occupied by tropical forest. The total geographical area of Solapur District isl4895 sq km. out of which 319 sq.km. area comes under forest. The proportion of forest area is 2.14 % (200/05) of the total geographical area. The share of forest area in the district is recorded very low than the norms set by the (22%) National forest policy. The decay of forest cover is mainly due to timber of domestic use and indiscriminate grazing timber-ban decision have checked the diminishing trend of forest area in the district. Present paper describes the salient features of forest covered area and its extent and decay in Solapur district of Maharashtra.

2 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

002110   Sanalkumar M G;Sankar S (Zoology Dep, N.S.S. College, Pandalam-689 501) : Assessment of biodiversity threats in the Kerala forests-new approach. J Ecobiol 2009, 25(1), 71-8.

Forests of the Kerala Western Ghats have been divided into seven regions based on geographic continuity. Secondary data regarding fourteen biodiversity threat factors in each region, for the period 1980-2006 were collected and a checklist method of analysis was developed (Relative Scoring Method Analysis) for threat assessment. The above analysis revealed that forests of Idukki and Wayanadu- Brahmagiri regions face high degree of threat (Grant Index value - 218) to their biodiversity while Agastyamalai (Gl - 191). Anamalai- Nelliyampathy (Gl - 167) and Kasargod regions have moderate threats (Gl - 167). Forests of Pandalam hills (Gl - 132) and Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve regions(G) - 92) face low threat to biodiversity. This study recommends immediate conservation measures such as fire protection, prevention of cattle grazing, illegal felling and shifting cultivation and aforestation of gaps for the restoration of degraded forest habitats.

1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

000982   Zubair M;Shukkur E A A;Azeez P A;Jayson E A (Zoology Dep, Calicut Univ, Kerala) : Diurnal rhythm and movement pattern of peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus in captivity in United Arab Emirates. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(11), 2888-90.

Diurnal rhythm and activity pattern of Peregrine Falcon Faico peregrinus was studied in UAE from 2001 to 2003 in large enclosures, wherein they showed regular movement and the median distance travelled in a day was 50-75m. They preferred to forage in the morning than in the evening. The daily activity (68%) started from 0530-06SOhr and they roosted between 1730-1830hr (47%). The major part of their daily activity involved in foraging followed by resting. The males were parochial about roosting sites and during the breeding season they made a variety of calls, which attracted and stimulated the females for courtship display preceded by mating. The vocalizations also helped them maintain territories.

1 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

000981   Tripathy B;Choudhury B C (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, P.O. Box No. 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun-248 001, Email: tripathyb@yahoo.co.uk) : Review of sea turtle exploitation with special reference to Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Lakshadweep Islands, India. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2007, 6(2), 285-91.

Abundance of sea turtles at a few sites gives the impression that they may not be endangered, but many nesting population are in a decline phase. Over exploitation of sea turtles is considered one of the most direct and easily identified of problem, and causes immense pressure on a population whether it is for commercial or non-commercial purpose. Intensive harvesting of Lepidochelys eggs has resulted in population declines in many parts of the world. The exploitation of sea turtle resources from northern Indian Ocean region area is known from early twentieth century. Although, historically for commercial purposes, sea turtles in recent times are considered a non-commercial resource because of its high rate of reduction in number throughout the region. Describes the traditional sea turtle exploitation practices in India with a focus on present exploitation trends in three important sea turtle regions of India. Stringent measures that are required to save sea turtles from exploitation have also been suggested.

000980   Sinha B C (NO, , Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun (Uttarakhand)) : Planning and developing interpretive facilities- linking visitors and protected area : a case study from panna tiger reserve. Indian For 2007, 133(5), 642-6.

Deals with the challenge in interpreting the diverse resources, from Diamonds to Tigers, for the diverse audience from international visitors to the locals. More so to interpret in such a way that the locals care for the resources in the Reserve and the visitors enjoy the visit. Research, identifying resources, training nature guides, developing website, orientation film, publications, Interpretation Centre, Visitor Centre - how it was done in Panna Tiger Reserve.

12 ref

000979   Sethy P G S;Siddiqi S Z (NO, , At- Kadei, Po- Uchapada, Via-Kotsahi, Dist.-Cuttack-754 022, Email: mail4pgs@yahoo.co.in) : Observations on odonates in Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Mayurbhanj, north Orissa. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(11), 2893-4.

^ssc1 illus, 10 ref

000978   Reddy A;Vibhu Prakash;Shivaji S (NO, CCMB, Uppal Road, Hydrabad-500 007, Email: shivas@ccmb.res.in) : Rapid, non-invasive, PCR-based method for identification of sex of the endangered old world vultures (white-backed and long-billed vultures)- implications for captive breeding programmes. Curr Sci 2007, 92(5), 659-62.

Rapid and inexplicable decline of the Old World vulture populations across the Indian subcontinent is a cause of growing concern among ecologists and conservationists. Survival of these threatened birds may depend on breeding programmes where sex identification plays an important role. Here, a PCR-based method that amplifies a region of the chromo-helicase-DNA-binding gene was modified to identify the sex of individuals of two Gyps species. The results were further reconfirmed by amplification refractory mutation system. This study allowed for the rapid and safe assessment of sex and will facilitate all future efforts in the captive breeding of these birds.

4 illus, 19 ref

000977   Maheswaran G;Rahmani A R (NO, , Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: gmaheswaran@yahoo.com) : Activity budget of the black-necked stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus during non-breeding season in India. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(11), 2875-8.

Time-activity budget of the Black-necked Storks was studied from January 1995 till June 1997 in Dudwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh, India. Black-necked Storks spent nearly 46% of their time resting- Except chasing, resting and drinking, no other activity differed significantly among storks in three years. Black-necked Storks spent more time for resting and drinking in summer (April, May and June) and chasing was more in winter (February and March). Time taken for resting varied between habitats among different pairs (N = 3). Variations in time budget of Black-necked Storks were correlated with prey availability. Time spent foraging did not vary significantly during the study period and storks had a irregular feeding pattern, greatly influenced by other fish-eating birds. When food availability increased, congregation of other fish-eating birds also increased leading to the conflict with storks. The storks became aggressive when they tried to defend their territory from other fish-eating birds. Most of the aggressive encounters were observed between 0600 and l000hr.

2 tables, 17 ref

000008   Sundar I;Sivakumar K (Economics (DDE) Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Forest ecosystem management: issues and approaches. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2006, 5(4), 575-8.

Deals with forest ecosystem management by focusing its various elements and components. It outlines some prerequisites for forest ecosystem management. This paper indicates some sustainable approaches to ecosystem management.

8 ref

000008   Sundar I;Sivakumar K (Economics (DDE) Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Forest ecosystem management: issues and approaches. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2006, 5(4), 575-8.

Deals with forest ecosystem management by focusing its various elements and components. It outlines some prerequisites for forest ecosystem management. This paper indicates some sustainable approaches to ecosystem management.

8 ref

001053   Tourenq C;Khassim A;Sawaf M;Shuriqi M K; Smart E;Ziolkowski M;Brook M;Selwan R;Perry L (NO, Emirates Wildlife Society (EWS)-World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF), Dubai, UAE, Post Box-459 77, Email: ctourenq@ewswwf.ae) : Characterisation of the Wadi Wurayah catchment basin, the first mountain protected area in the United Arab Emirates. Int J Ecol envir Sci 2009, 35(4), 289-311.

Wadi Wurayah, in the Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates, lies within a priority WWF Global 200 Ecoregion (Ecoregion 127, Arabian Highlands and Shrublands), sheltering a rich diversity of rare and endangered mountainous and freshwater habitats and species, and providing opportunities for the sustenance and revival of local livelihoods. Emirates Wildlife Society-World Wide Fund for Nature in collaboration with the Fujairah Municipality initiated a project to declare the whole catchment basin as officially protected with the aims to help establish a sustainable protected area integrating local tradition and lifestyle with the conservation of inimitable biodiversity and habitat by providing a model of unique economical incentives to the region. Over 300 species of plants grow in the area including the country's unique orchid, Epipactis veratrifolia, as well as wetland species. Twelve species of mammals were observed, including the Arabian Tahr, Mountain Gazelle, Blanford's Fox and, possibly, Arabian Leopard, all considered Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). So far, 74 species of bird (of which 25% are considered of national conservation interest) have been recorded, including the Bonelli's Eagle, Barbary Falcon, Asian Houbara Bustard and probably Hume's Tawny Owl. The wadi hosts thirteen reptile and amphibian species of which five are endemic to UAE and northern Oman mountains: Blue-tailed Lizard, Jayakar's Oman Lizard, Bar-tailed Semaphore Gecko, Banded Ground Gecko, and Oman Carpet Viper. Endemic to the Arabian Peninsula and considered endangered by IUCN, the Garra fish is found in the wadi. The collection of insect samples revealed 74 invertebrate families, including 19 arthropod species new to science. So far, 29 heritage sites have been recorded and mapped, including bedu settlements, ancient Islamic graveyards, pre-Islamic tombs, 15th to 1 8th centuries AD porcelain and pottery fragments and one petroglyph (rock carving) site. Social surveys of resident and non-resident local people were conduced as well showing a positive response to the creation of a protected area. Because of its unique hydrogeological system with permanent pools and streams, the Wadi Wurayah area has a strong potential in the Fujairah Emirate for (1) management and conservation of fresh water resources, (2) conservation of its unique fauna and flora, (3) conservation of its cultural heritage, (4) opportunity of local capacity building and involvement of several departments of Fujairah Municipality around the same project, (5) involving local communities in the management and (6) proposing an alternative and complementary tourism activity to the coastal development in progress in the Emirate.

4 illus, 6 tables, 75 ref

001052   Sunanda Devi K;Singh T B (Life Science Dep, Manipur Univ, Canchipur-795 003) : Leaf litter decomposition, abiotic factors and population of micro-arthropods in a sub-tropical forest ecosystem, Manipur, North East India. Int J Ecol envir Sci 2009, 35(4), 365-8.

Microclimatic variation can influence litter decomposition rates directly, or indirectly through changes in microarthropod population. This study examines the rates of leaf litter decomposition of two dominant species viz., Quercus serrata and Castanca sativa at two elevational plots which have varied microclimatic in sub-tropical forest ecosystem. One year litter bag experiment was performed to determine the rate of leaf litter decomposition and microarthropod population. The remaining mass for leaf litter in the litterbags was found more for Q. serrata -33.2% at lower elevation and 37.6% at upper elevation. The population of microarthropods ranges from 12.8 to 68.4 per g of leaf litter at upper elevation and 16.3 to 71.2 per g of leaf litter at lower elevation. The moisture content and litter accumulation were comparatively higher at the lower elevation. In both sites, the rate of decomposition and microarthropods population were found positively correlated with moisture content and rainfall.

3 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

000023   Awadhesh Kumar;Solanki G S (Wildlife Conservation Laboratory, Forestry Dep, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science & Technology, Nirjuli-791 109) : Cattle-carnivore conflict: a case study of Pakke Tiger Reserve in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Int J Ecol envir Sci 2009, 35(1), 121-7.

A case study on cattle-carnivores conflict was carried out at Pakke Tiger Reserve (PTR) in Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India during 2001 -2003. Number of villages on the eastern periphery of PTR are 14, comprised of the total number of 395 household, 2322 human population and 1392 domestic cattle population. A total of nineteen incidences of conflicts were recorded on the eastern part of buffer zone of PTR. Out of nineteen, in four incidences of conflict cattle were injured and on fifteen incidence cattle were killed and eaten by large carnivores. The incident rate was not related to proximity of village with protected area. The livestock number was the factor for higher number of conflicts. The maximum six incidences of conflict were reported from Jolly Village. 79% conflicts were recorded during dry season, September-February, when agricultural lands are occupied by crops. The most villagers (75%) agreed on the presence of tigers in the periphery of PTR during that period.

3 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

014502   Subramanian K S;Ranjani S (Wildlife Science Dep, Madras Veterinary Collage, Vepery, Chennai-600 007) : Antibiogram of various wounds in captive asian elephants of Tamil Nadu. Zoos Print J 2010, 25(5), 21-2.

3 tables, 3 ref

014501   Shukla A N;Singh K P (Botanical Survey of India, Central Circle, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Pteridophytic flora of Achankmar-Amarkantak biosphere reserve, Central India. Indian For 2009, 135(2), 270-80.

Deals with the systematic account of 35 species belonging to 25 genera and 18 families of Pteridophytes. Key to genera and species, along with correct nomenclature, brief description, ecological notes, and specimens examined and distributional notes have been provided for their easy identification.

9 ref

014500   Sagar S K;Sivakumar K (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun) : Status, distribution and management of newly identified wild rose Rosa soulieana Crep. in Kaziranga national park. Indian For 2009, 135(7), 954-9.

A rapid survey on invasive wild rose species was carried out in the Kaziranga National Park during March 2008. The invasive wild rose present in the KNP, identified as Rosa soulieana Crep., is a new record to India. This species might have been brought down to India by river Brahmaputra which passes through China. Wild rose is usually present in and around the beel area, which is the most crucial habitat for all major flagship species of the Park. Hence, this wild rose poses a significant threat to the prime habitat of One-horned Rhinoceros and other major herbivores of Kaziranga National Park by changing the beel system as well as encroaching the grasslands of the beel area, which needs to be managed immediately.

2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

014499   Rawat R S;Jishtu V;Kapoor K S (Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation Div, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh) : Medicinal and aromatic plant diversity of Himalayan cold desert with reference to Spiti valley of North-West Himalayas. Indian For 2009, 135(7), 891-904.

A number of floristic surveys were conducted in different localities of cold desert in Spiti valley of North-West Himalayas for documenting the medicinal and aromatic plant diversity. A total of 118 medicinal and aromatic plant species have been recorded, which were low in occurrence and sparsely distributed. They were also under threat mainly due to over exploitation, unscientific collection and overgrazing.

9 ref

014498   Patwardhan A (NO, , 5, Koustubha CHS, P. Deshpande Road, Vishnunagar, Naupada, Thane- 400 602) : Sightings of rare butterfly species and a new record from Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Mimbai and Tungereshwar Sancturay, Thane, India. Zoos Print J 2010, 25(5), 19-20.

8 ref

014497   Nagappa K;Bhat P;Das A K;Chaudhury B;Singh J L (Veterinary Public Health Dep, G. B. Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand-263 145) : Traumatic wound in a free ranging Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Zoos Print J 2010, 25(5), 17.

4 ref

014496   Gopi G V;Pandav B (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box No. 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun-248 001, Email: gopigv@wii.gov.in) : Humans sharing space with Crocodylus porosus in bhitarkanika wildlife sanctuary: conflicts and options. Curr Sci 2009, 96(4), 459-60.

6 ref

014495   Gajendra Singh;Naithani H B;Rawat G S (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand) : Observations on the flora of mandal forest, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Indian For 2009, 135(2), 162-79.

Systematic study on the vascular plants was conducted in Mandal Forest, located in the outer fringes of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Himalaya. 575 species of angiosperms (364 genera and 101 families), 61 species of Ptridophytes (33 genera 21 families) and 4 species of Gymnosperms (3 genera 4 species) were recorded within about 10 km^{2 between 1500 m to 2900 m altitude amsl. The dominant families were: Poaceae (57), Asteraceae (44), Orchidaceae (36), Rosaceae (33), Lamiaceae (29), Cyperaceae (16) and Polygonaceae (16) in angiosperms and Polypodiaceae and Dryopteridaceae among the ferns. The study area forms only 0.28% of the total area of the erstwhile Chamoli District yet it harbours 28.44% of angiospermie flora, which makes it one of the interesting sites for the plant diversity in the District.}

1 illus, 1 table

014502   Subramanian K S;Ranjani S (Wildlife Science Dep, Madras Veterinary Collage, Vepery, Chennai-600 007) : Antibiogram of various wounds in captive asian elephants of Tamil Nadu. Zoos Print J 2010, 25(5), 21-2.

3 tables, 3 ref

014501   Shukla A N;Singh K P (Botanical Survey of India, Central Circle, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Pteridophytic flora of Achankmar-Amarkantak biosphere reserve, Central India. Indian For 2009, 135(2), 270-80.

Deals with the systematic account of 35 species belonging to 25 genera and 18 families of Pteridophytes. Key to genera and species, along with correct nomenclature, brief description, ecological notes, and specimens examined and distributional notes have been provided for their easy identification.

9 ref

014500   Sagar S K;Sivakumar K (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun) : Status, distribution and management of newly identified wild rose Rosa soulieana Crep. in Kaziranga national park. Indian For 2009, 135(7), 954-9.

A rapid survey on invasive wild rose species was carried out in the Kaziranga National Park during March 2008. The invasive wild rose present in the KNP, identified as Rosa soulieana Crep., is a new record to India. This species might have been brought down to India by river Brahmaputra which passes through China. Wild rose is usually present in and around the beel area, which is the most crucial habitat for all major flagship species of the Park. Hence, this wild rose poses a significant threat to the prime habitat of One-horned Rhinoceros and other major herbivores of Kaziranga National Park by changing the beel system as well as encroaching the grasslands of the beel area, which needs to be managed immediately.

2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

014499   Rawat R S;Jishtu V;Kapoor K S (Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation Div, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh) : Medicinal and aromatic plant diversity of Himalayan cold desert with reference to Spiti valley of North-West Himalayas. Indian For 2009, 135(7), 891-904.

A number of floristic surveys were conducted in different localities of cold desert in Spiti valley of North-West Himalayas for documenting the medicinal and aromatic plant diversity. A total of 118 medicinal and aromatic plant species have been recorded, which were low in occurrence and sparsely distributed. They were also under threat mainly due to over exploitation, unscientific collection and overgrazing.

9 ref

014498   Patwardhan A (NO, , 5, Koustubha CHS, P. Deshpande Road, Vishnunagar, Naupada, Thane- 400 602) : Sightings of rare butterfly species and a new record from Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Mimbai and Tungereshwar Sancturay, Thane, India. Zoos Print J 2010, 25(5), 19-20.

8 ref

014497   Nagappa K;Bhat P;Das A K;Chaudhury B;Singh J L (Veterinary Public Health Dep, G. B. Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand-263 145) : Traumatic wound in a free ranging Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Zoos Print J 2010, 25(5), 17.

4 ref

014496   Gopi G V;Pandav B (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box No. 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun-248 001, Email: gopigv@wii.gov.in) : Humans sharing space with Crocodylus porosus in bhitarkanika wildlife sanctuary: conflicts and options. Curr Sci 2009, 96(4), 459-60.

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014495   Gajendra Singh;Naithani H B;Rawat G S (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand) : Observations on the flora of mandal forest, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Indian For 2009, 135(2), 162-79.

Systematic study on the vascular plants was conducted in Mandal Forest, located in the outer fringes of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Himalaya. 575 species of angiosperms (364 genera and 101 families), 61 species of Ptridophytes (33 genera 21 families) and 4 species of Gymnosperms (3 genera 4 species) were recorded within about 10 km^{2 between 1500 m to 2900 m altitude amsl. The dominant families were: Poaceae (57), Asteraceae (44), Orchidaceae (36), Rosaceae (33), Lamiaceae (29), Cyperaceae (16) and Polygonaceae (16) in angiosperms and Polypodiaceae and Dryopteridaceae among the ferns. The study area forms only 0.28% of the total area of the erstwhile Chamoli District yet it harbours 28.44% of angiospermie flora, which makes it one of the interesting sites for the plant diversity in the District.}

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017850   Sati J P (Zoological Survey of India, , 218, Kaulgarh Road Dehradun, Uttarakhand) : Golden langur: threat and conservation. Cheetal 2009, 47(1-2), 26-30.

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017849   Johnsingh A J T (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Email: ajt.johnsingh@mail.com) : Paradise in the Himalayas the Jigme Dorji National Park, Bhutan largest sanctuary, abound in flora and fauna. What is unique to it is the mountain goat, goral. Cheetal 2009, 47(3-4), 1-3.

016803   Torri M C (Canada Research Chair in Ethnoecology and Biodiversity Conservation, University de Montreal, Canada) : Building bridges between biodiversity conservation and rural development : a case study of Alwar district, Rajasthan (India). J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(2), 584-93.

The recent development in biodiversity conservation policy and the creation of protected zones in many developing countries have often caused a conflict between local populations, their domestic government and development institutions. The changes have marginalised or even resulted in the expulsion of dwellers from their home territories and caused the gradual deterioration of ecosystems. The contribution of local communities remains essential to the successful management of natural resources. The Sariska Reserve presents a model of the successful participation of local communities in the conservation of natural resources. The study of these local communities, their integration with forest ecosystem and their management and conservation system of natural resources represents a case-in-point for the concept of new conservation approaches. These will be necessary for the achievement of biodiversity conservation and the development of sustainable long term rural societies. This article adopts a social and ecological perspective in its definition of conservation strategies and aims to explore the conditions that enable the integration of human societies with local biodiversity in a successful and sustainable manner.

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016802   Soltani Z;Baygloo R S;Mah M C (Rural Planning Dep, Isfahan Univ, Iran, Email: ajrasoltsni2008@gmail.com) : Conservation of international ecotourism atractions Gavkhuni swamp in Iran. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(2), 594-600.

Ecotourism focuses on volunteering, personal growth, and learning new ways to live on the planet. Iran has many international attractions in ecotourism -which appeals to ecologically and socially conscious individuals. One of its significant attractions is Gavkhuni swamp with great biological and geological varied natural resources, which is located in central Iran, east of city of Isfahan, is the terminal basin of the Zayandeh-rood river. It has great potentials in tourism industry especially ecotourism. The aim of this study is comprehensive analysis about environmental potentials and hazards in this area. It is necessary to adopt appropriate actions to conserve the significant attractions of this territory which is one of the principles in sustainable development.

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016801   Shashidhar K S;Arun Kumar A N (Nagaland Forest Dep, Wildlife Warden, Kohima, Nagaland) : Effect of climate change on orchids and their conservation strategies. Indian For 2009, 135(8), 1039-49.

Of the diverse flora and fauna in an ecosystem, epiphytes in general and orchids in particular have a vital role to play in Mutualism. By virtue of their sensitivity to the changes in the climate they provide a forewarning about the impending damages due to these changes and act as bioindicators. Epiphytes constitute ten per cent of the higher plants in tropical forest ecosystem. They provide a niche to many flora and fauna by complimenting the life supporting systems and play a vital role in rainforest hydrology and mineral cycle. Orchids as a group of epiphytes with 900 genera and 30,000 species are sensitive to variations in microclimate and are known as keystone species in the forest ecosystem. Interrelationship of orchids with various biotas in the ecosystem is well documented. Orchid's dependence on other biota and their co existence for several important processes such as pollination, dispersal and sustenance is well known. Natural and man made changes have influenced the climate and in turn the ecosystem through several of its parameters such as rainfall and temperature. One of the direct effects of this is, change in the plant structure and composition. The changes in the climate have also affected sensitive events such as flowering and pollination. This has forced the plant species to shift to more congenial climate for its survival and eventually affecting the coexisting biota. Therefore, before planning any conservation strategies the reasons for threat (especially manmade) to these indicator species must be understood. We believe that, ideal long term orchid conservation approaches must lay emphasis not only on the species but also on its fragile habitat.

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016800   Kumar V;Arvind Kumar (NO, Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal, Email: vkumar@iifm.ac.in) : Assessment of socio-economic impact of tourism/eco-ourism at Barabar and Nagarjuni (B and N) hills in Bihar (India). J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(2), 601-10.

This study is an effort to assess the tourism/ecotourism potential of Barabar and Nagarjuni hills caves site in Bihar (India) and to assess its potential socio-economic impact on the local population. All sampled stakeholders including govt. officials were interviewed by use of pre-tested questionnaire. It has been revealed that in spite of its huge potential for declaring it as a eco-tourist site, it has not been done so owing to various reasons like lack of infrastructure, lack of awareness about such a site amongst tourists from outside, lack of political will etc. but the stakeholders including govt. officials and local people have revealed for their full cooperation and participation, if the site is declared as tourist/eco-tourist site by the govt. along with fund and management back-up.

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016799   Khan M S;Zarreen (Wildlife Sciences Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: shahnawaz.khan.aligarh@gmail.com) : Roosting behaviour among birds with observations in Aligarh district, U.P.. Bionotes 2010, 12(2), 45-7.

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016798   Kashyap S M (Analytical Instruments Div, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur-440 020, Email: sm_kashyap@neeri.res.in) : Quantitative estimation of some PCBs in lake water by GCMS. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(1A), 481-2.

Hydrophobic organic chemicals such as chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl and polyaromatic hydrocarbons are transported long distance in the atmosphere and enter surface water via wet and dry deposition. Developing effective strategies to manage toxic compounds requires a quantitative understanding of relationships among pollutant source, sinks and ecosystems effects. The complexity and diversity of environmental contaminants has resulted in the development of many different analytical techniques and protocols for their extraction and analysis. The quantitative estimation of PCBs is possible when analyzed on GCMS.

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016797   Ganguly K;Das D;Roy Mahato A K;De J K (NO, Taki Government College, Taki, West Bengal, Email: mahatoarun_zsi30@yahoo.com) : Deer of the zoological garden, Kolkata, India - a comparative study on their behaviour. J envir Sociobiol 2008, 5(2), 215-19.

The study was carried out on some selected species of deer viz., Axis axis, Cervus eldii and Muntiacus muntjac at the Zoological Garden, Alipur, Kolkata. On analysis, it was found that the males of C. eldii remained more active throughout the day (56.87% time of day) compared to A. axis (53.14%) and M. muntjac (48.95%). Amongst females A. axis was found to be more active throughout the day (58.95%) in comparison to those of M. muntjac (41.95%) and C. eldii (55.25%). A significant inter-specific variation was noted in diurnal pattern of activities. After analysis, it was recorded that the A. axis and C. eldii were more active in morning and less active at noon, whereas M. muntjac was less active in morning and more active at noon. Result also showed that A. axis and C. eldii were less interactive with the visitors while M. muntjac interacted significantly.

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016796   Chowdhury S;Sanyal A;Chatterjee A (School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata, West Bengal) : Avian diversity of Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal. J envir Sociobiol 2008, 5(2), 127-33.

Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary is a small island in the Hugli-Thakuran Estuary in the Gangetic Delta of West Bengal. As a part of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, the sanctuary remains dominated by diverse mangroves and mangrove-associated plants. Faunal composition of this island also demands appreciation of which avian diversity came out to be fairly rich and was studied during the period, July - October, 2006. Of the 67 bird species recorded, 49 were found as residents that breed locally and 18 as winter visitors. Birds recorded were further categorized into waterbirds (25 species), water-dependent birds (7 species) and forest-dwelling ones (35 species). Such diverse assemblage of birds in such a small island is primarily due to the availability of varied food matter in its undisturbed forestlarids and mudflats. As an important staging ground for wintering waders, the area at present remains nearly free from anthropogenic stress. A long-term survey of the entire island may possibly bring out further sightings and details of bird species residing and arriving there.

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