000005   Mishra D;Yadav A;Kalra P K (Electronic Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208 016, Email: dkmishra@iitk.ac.in) : Novel multiplicative neural network architecture motivated by spiking neuron model. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(5), 465-79.

Learning algorithm for a multiplicative neural network motivated by spiking neuron model (MSN) is proposed and tested for various applications where a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network is conventionally used. It is observed that the inclusion of a few more biological phenomena in the formulation of artificial neural network models make them more prevailing. Several benchmark and real-life problems of classification and function-approximation are illustrated.

5 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

000004   Kush A;Kumar R;Gupta P (Computer Science Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: akush20,rkckuk@rediffmail.com) : Secured power aware virtual node routing, scheme for ad-hoc networks. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(4), 397-405.

Recent trend in ad-hoc network routing is the reactive on-demand philosophy where routes are established only when required. Most protocols in this category do not incorporate proper security features. The ad-hoc environment is accessible to both legitimate network users and malicious attackers. It has been observed that different protocols need different strategies for security. The proposed scheme is intended to be incorporated on the power, aware virtual node routing protocol to protect its routing strategy. The study will help in making protocol more robust against attacks and standardizing parameters for security in routing protocols.

4 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

000003   Keshava M (NO, , Texas Instruments (India) Pvt Ltd, Bagmane Tech Park, 66/3, Byrasandra, Adjacent to LRDE, C. V. Raman Nagar P.O., Bangal, Email: keshava_mgowda@ti.com) : Secure password-based authentication in WLAN. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(4), 389-96.

EAP-TLS is a de-facto authentication protocol in 802.11i system. This protocol provides digital certificate-base Tnutual authentication. The protocol performs secure password-based client/supplicant authentication instead of certificate-based authentication. This paper illustrates the modifications on EAP-TLS protocol to achieve secure password-based user/client authentication, achieving the goal of EAP-TTLS without forming a logical tunnel between a supplicant and authentication server. A comparison between the proposed technology and EAP-TTLS brings out the performance enhancements possible with this technology. The proposed system supports an optional mutual password-based authentication during session resumption.

5 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

000006   Pathak M A;Thakre V S (Computer Science & Engineering Dep, Visvesvaraya national Institute of Technology, Nagpur-440 010, Email: manas07@gmail.com) : Intelligent web monitoring-a hypertext mining-based approach. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(5), 481-92.

World Wide Web has become one of the principal sources of information since its inception. With large amount of content added and deleted, the amount of change in hypertextual data is massive. This rapidly changing nature of the WWW makes the task of tracking information intractable when done manually. Proposes an approach for intelligently monitoring the website for changes, taking into consideration the user interests and ranking of these changes according to relevance. A prototype system WebMon based on this approach is presented. WebMon consists of basic components performing infrastructural activities such as crawlers and indexers. Also it takes as input keyword weights based on the user interests. It then represents the hypertextual data in the website in the form of a vector space model (VSM). Periodically this process is carried out to get the VSM representing the hypertextual data of the website at that instance of time. To monitor for changes, the data in VSMs at different instances of time is compared and the corresponding changes are ranked according to their relevance according to the user. A modified nearest neighbor algorithm (NN) is implemented for the same. To further improve the accuracy and self-adjustability of the relevance rankings, the system employs a modified supervised learning algorithm thereby taking into account the behavior of the user intelligently. The WebMon system has been tested extensively on many websites giving results as expected. Reports some experimental results showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

1 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

000005   Mishra D;Yadav A;Kalra P K (Electronic Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208 016, Email: dkmishra@iitk.ac.in) : Novel multiplicative neural network architecture motivated by spiking neuron model. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(5), 465-79.

Learning algorithm for a multiplicative neural network motivated by spiking neuron model (MSN) is proposed and tested for various applications where a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network is conventionally used. It is observed that the inclusion of a few more biological phenomena in the formulation of artificial neural network models make them more prevailing. Several benchmark and real-life problems of classification and function-approximation are illustrated.

5 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

000004   Kush A;Kumar R;Gupta P (Computer Science Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: akush20,rkckuk@rediffmail.com) : Secured power aware virtual node routing, scheme for ad-hoc networks. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(4), 397-405.

Recent trend in ad-hoc network routing is the reactive on-demand philosophy where routes are established only when required. Most protocols in this category do not incorporate proper security features. The ad-hoc environment is accessible to both legitimate network users and malicious attackers. It has been observed that different protocols need different strategies for security. The proposed scheme is intended to be incorporated on the power, aware virtual node routing protocol to protect its routing strategy. The study will help in making protocol more robust against attacks and standardizing parameters for security in routing protocols.

4 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

000003   Keshava M (NO, , Texas Instruments (India) Pvt Ltd, Bagmane Tech Park, 66/3, Byrasandra, Adjacent to LRDE, C. V. Raman Nagar P.O., Bangal, Email: keshava_mgowda@ti.com) : Secure password-based authentication in WLAN. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(4), 389-96.

EAP-TLS is a de-facto authentication protocol in 802.11i system. This protocol provides digital certificate-base Tnutual authentication. The protocol performs secure password-based client/supplicant authentication instead of certificate-based authentication. This paper illustrates the modifications on EAP-TLS protocol to achieve secure password-based user/client authentication, achieving the goal of EAP-TTLS without forming a logical tunnel between a supplicant and authentication server. A comparison between the proposed technology and EAP-TTLS brings out the performance enhancements possible with this technology. The proposed system supports an optional mutual password-based authentication during session resumption.

5 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

001051   Tyagi V;Agarwal J H (NO, Jaypee Institute of Engineering & Technology, A.B. Road, Raghogarh-Guna, Madhya Pradesh-473 266, Email: dr.vipin.tyagi@gmail.com) : Morphing: and animation technique in image processing. Indian Sci Cruiser 2009, 23(5), 39-41.

Morphing is a useful animation technique in which one image is converted into another. In the present article, basics of morphing are discussed. Introduction to tweening and tweening algorithms is also presented. Two important steps of morphing viz. Warping and Dissolving are explained.

5 illus, 10 ref

001050   Tyagi V;Agarwal J H (NO, Jaypee Institute of Engineering and Technology, Raghogarh, Guna-473 226, Email: dr.vipin.tyagi@gmail.com) : Ambient intelligence using local languages. Indian Sci Cruiser 2009, 23(4), 15-18.

Ambient intelligence (Ami) is an innovative paradigm that promotes the advancement of science and technology to build smart environments. Ambient Intelligence proponents advocate an invisible technological support layer of information processing to improve the quality of life. In Ami people are empowered through a digital environment that is aware of their presence and context. In the present paper possibilities of integrating concept related to natural language processing (NLP) in Ambient Intelligence (Ami) are discussed. These areas have a great impact on the life of a person in today's world. There is a need to integrate these fields. Utilizing NLP in Ami has the potential to generate cutting-edge research leading to substantial technological advances. In the present paper we discuss certain aspects of integrating local languages with ambient intelligence.

10 ref

001049   Tangsrirat W;Tanjaroen W (Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrug Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, Email: drworapong@yahoo.com) : Current-mode sinusoidal quadrature oscillator with independent control of oscillation frequency and condition using CDTAs. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(5), 363-6.

A current-tunable current-mode sinusoidal quadrature oscillator, constructed from only three current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs) and two grounded capacitors with the absence of the passive resistors, is presented and analyzed. The proposed oscillator provides the important advantage of non-interactive electronic control of the oscillation condition and the oscillation frequency (ω₀) and is capable of generating two quadrature current outputs. The circuit exhibits low active and passive sensitivities and is suitable for integration. Theoretical results are verified with PSPICE simulations.

5 illus, 17 ref

001048   Kulkarni C;Khot A (NO, Institute of Chemical Technology (formerly UDCT), Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, Email: chinmay.kulkarni1@gmail.com) : Carbon nanotubes as interconnects. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(5), 305-10.

Nanotechnology is a growing field and there has been a lot of development going on in this field. Carbon nanotube has brought remarkable changes in the field of electronics. Their remarkable electronic properties make them potential candidates for interconnection in complex wiring schemes. The present paper deals with basic structure of carbon nanotubes, their various properties with their strategies followed during their synthesis for proper positioning as interconnect at nanoscale regime with different approaches of integration in interconnect architectures.

5 illus, 19 ref

001047   Jain S K;Malik R;Sekar K;Naik P A;Hannurkar P R (NO, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore-452 013, Email: skjain@rrcat.gov.in) : Design, fabrication and measurement of 90° mass-analyzing magnet. Indian J pure appl Phys 2010, 48(5), 315-20.

The analyzing magnet is an important part of the accelerator system and widely used for analyzing mass, energy and focusing of the charged particles. A 90° mass-analyzing magnet has been designed and developed using 2D-Poisson codes. The analyzing magnet has been tested off-line and results have been found in good agreement with the design parameters. This magnet has a margin of 20 mm extra effective length, and it will be corrected by machining as desired after observing its performance at the electron cyclotron resonance proton source experimental table. Design, fabrication and test results of 90° mass-analyzing magnet have been presented.

8 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

001046   Arulanandam K;Parathasarathy B (NO, Vinayaka Mission Univ, Salem, Tamil Nadu, Email: k.arulanandam@gmail.com) : Several different approaches to QoS routing protocol. J Analysis Computn 2009, 5(2), 141-50.

Discusses several different approaches to providing QoS at the routing layer, and provide a comparison of these techniques and a look at some open issues to supporting QoS at the routing layer. QoS guarantees are not possible in MANETs, and soft QoS and QoS adaptation are proposed instead. However, if a network changes too fast to propagate the topology status information, it is impossible to offer even soft QoS. For example, layered coding allows enhanced layers of different quality levels to be transmitted, provided a minimum bandwidth is guaranteed for transmitting the base layer. Therefore, these types of applications can benefit from QoS adaptation. By providing feedback to the application about available resources, the application can alter its coding strategy to provide the best quality for the current resource limitations. Routing is used to set up and maintain paths between nodes to support data trans-mission.. To support QoS, the essential problem is to find a route with sufficient available resources to meet the QoS constraints, and possibly add some additional optimizations such as finding the lowest cost or most stable of the routes that meet the QoS constraints. Given these goals, the following are the basic design considerations for a QoS routing protocol.

9 ref

001045   Arulanandam K;Parathasarathy B (NO, Vinayaka Mission Univ, Salem, Tamil Nadu, Email: k.arulanandam@gmail.com) : Swarm based adaptive routing protocol for real time transmission in manets. J Analysis Computn 2009, 5(2), 133-40.

The mobile ad hoc networks are highly dynamic in nature and their having limited bandwidth. Due to these reasons the routing is more difficult than other networks. The various kinds of multimedia applications such as video, audio with diverse traffic characteristics and require Quality of Service (QoS) at very high rates, leads to significant traffic problems such as packet losses, transmission delay, routing overhead caused by congestion in the networks. The prediction of these problems in real time environment is difficult and making the effectiveness of existing routing protocols based on analytical models questionable. Proposed a new adaptive routing protocol in this paper, a state of the art of this problem followed by a solution based on reinforcement learning paradigm that we find more optimal for this kind of problems. We have implemented this protocol in NS2 and compared with DSR and AODV. Our proposed protocol performed well in all cases over DSR and AODV routing protocols.

2 illus, 10 ref

000021   Victor S P;Diraviam A J;Rajappan K (NO, St. Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, Email: victorsp@rediffmail.com) : Integration of data acquisition system through digital image processing. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 201-20.

Process industries require supervisory control and data acquisition systems (SCADA) or distributed control systems (DCS) depending upon geographic distribution of the plant instrumentation. Remote operation of the hazardous field needs quite a good amount of instrumentation support for control as well as monitoring purposes. The various parameters to be monitored are pressure, flow, level, displacement, speed etc. Sensors are to be installed at hundreds of locations to bring the details of signals to the operator station. Along with this signal remote field images are taken by analog cameras to be received at the TVs installed at operator station for field view. This separate arrangement of signal acquisition from sensors for signal conditioning, A/D conversion, Engineering unit conversion, limit checking and report/control signal generation at computer as well as separate field images view at TV can be overcome with the latest technique Digital image processing (DIP). Separate TV image view and the computer monitors view may produce erroneous results for control signal generation. Only web (Digital) cameras are installed at various parameter measuring points. Let us consider a case of level measurement. A digital camera installed near the boiler drum in a Thermal power station takes continuous photographs of water levels and forward the digital image signal to the computer at regular interval. These images are compared with standard image stored inside the computer with suitable algorithm. When received image matches the standard image, control action is initiated. The same procedure can be adopted with digital camera for speed measurement, vibration measurement, displacement measurement, etc. This system gives real time display of various field images super imposing on the animated mimic diagrams in computer monitor, which is not possible in the old environment with analog sensors. MATLAB is extensively used. JPEG images files are used.

14 illus, 12 ref

000020   Varaprasad S;Suresh Babu S;Venkateswarao S; Avadhani P S (Computer Science and Systems Engineering Dep, College of Engineering, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam, Email: vara_samanthula@yahoo.com) : Functional comparison of MD5 and SHA-1. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 281-6.

Hashing is a technique in computer science used in many applications. One-way hash functions are used mainly in Authentication and Integrity. There are two main algorithms name SHA-1 and MD5 being used presently for almost all transactions which required authentication. Although SHA-1 output 168 bits while MD5 has only 128. There are other similarities and differences. The present work compares these two algorithms in terms of their functionality.

12 ref

000019   Thorat S B;Amdani S (NO, I.T.M., Nanded, Email: suryakant_thorat@yahoo.com) : Implementation, testing and performance evaluation of disk scheduling algorithms. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 267-79.

Conventional databases are mainly characterized by their strict data consistency requirements. Database systems for real-time applications must satisfy timing constraints associated with transactions. The main objective of this paper is to initiate an enquiry in Disk scheduling for real time database systems. The proposed paper aims at Implementation, Testing and Performance Evaluation of Disk Scheduling Algorithms to know the efficient disk scheduling techniques in real time databases.

7 tables, 9 ref

000018   Thiagarajan M;Parthasarathy B;Rishivarman A R (School of Computing, SASTRA Univ, Tanjore, Tamil Nadu, Email: m_thiyagarajan@yahoo.com) : Efficient performance of Gf(2<. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 111-6.

Since the introduction of public-key cryptography by Diffe and Hellman in 1976, the potential for the use of the discrete logarithm problem in public-key cryptosystems has been recognized. Although the discrete logarithm problem as first employed by Diffe and Hellman was defined explicitly as the problem of finding logarithms with respect to a generator in the multiplicative group of the integers module a prime, this idea can be extended to arbitrary groups and in particular, to elliptic curve groups. The resulting public-key systems provide relatively small block size, high speed, and high security. This paper explores an efficient performance of GF(2^{5) arithmetic in an elliptic curve cryptosystems, which enhances security. So, this scheme is of less computation cost which is valuable in applications with limited memory, communications bandwidth or computing power.}

20 ref

000017   Suryawanshi S D;Sane N K;Kulkarni A A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, SSVPS's BSD Polytechnic, Dhule, Maharashtra, Email: sanjeev_suryawanshi@yahoo.co.in) : Parametric study of rectangular inverted notched fin arrays in natural convection heat transfer. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 139-49.

One of the primary goals in the design of modern thermal systems for cooling of electronic components is the achievement of more compact and, hence, more efficient heat dissipation devices. Variables for natural convection cooling with the help of finned surfaces are orientation and geometry. In majority of applications rectangular fins with horizontal and vertical orientation are used. In lengthwise short array (L/H~5), where single chimney flow pattern is present, the central portion of the fin channel near the base becomes ineffective. In this central portion an inverted notch is cut to modify its geometry for it's possible enhancement of heat transfer. An experimental data of same author [1] for normal and inverted notched fin arrays (INFAs), in horizontal configuration with various fin spacing, percentage area removed and elevated fin surface temperature are parameters of CFD analysis, results are well matching. It is found that the average heat transfer coefficient for INFAs is nearly 30 to 40% higher as compared with normal arrays.

13 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

000016   Suri P R;Sardana N;Agarwal V (Computer Science & Application Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra, Email: pushpa.suri@yahoo.com) : Extensible markup language (XML) commutation on non-linear data using conventional and soft computing methods. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 243-56.

Despite the vast research on storage, retrieval and querying XML data, little efforts has been made on analyzing XML data. For this reason, this paper proposes a new method for parsing and analyzing XML data. The method is based on storage of XML data through DOM node. As a typical example of XML data analysis both conventional like GARCH and soft computing technique like ANFIS are applied and investigated due to their broad horizons. It is also being concluded that ANFIS is efficient than GARCH. For investigation purpose, gold price forecasting application is considered which is a real time problem.

5 illus, 38 ref

000015   Shivkumar G;Vijaya P A (I.T. Dep, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan-573 201, Email: gs@mcehassan.ac.in) : Face recognition system using back propagation artificial neural network. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 257-66.

The problem in face recognition is to find the best match of an unknown image against a database of face models or to determine whether it does not match any of them well. In this method, we use back propagation neural network for implementation. It is an information processing system that has been developed as a generalization of the mathematical model of human recognition. The function of a neural network is to produce an output pattern when presented with an input pattern.'The back propagation type of neural network is a feed forward system with training input pattern and weight adjustment with the associated error. The input neurons receive input signal and propagates into each hidden neuron, which again computes the activation to obtain the net output. This face recognition system is implemented using a MATLAB software package. In this we used the Neural Networks Tool Box in MATLAB. Founds the transformation for different inputs and compared with unknown face that the given face is in database or not.

5 illus, 12 ref

000014   Rathi A;Vijay R (Electronics Dep, Banasthali Univ, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan, Email: amitrathi1978@hotmail.com) : First cognition than social (FCS) improved particle swarm optimization. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 221-6.

Cognition factor and Social learning factor is one parameter in Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms. It gets very important effect on balancing the local search and global search in PSO. Basing the modification of cognition factor and social learning factor, this paper presents first cognition than social (PCS) improved particle swarm optimization, the strategy that at the starting process cognition-learning factor has more effect then social learning factor. Gradually social learning factor has more impact after learning cognition factor to find out global best. The aim is to find out under above circumstances these modifications can give better result than the other PSO algorithm.

2 tables, 8 ref

000013   Ramaraj E;Venkatesan N (NO, Computer Center, Alagappa Univ, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, Email: dr_ramaraj@yahoo.co.in) : Validation of mining association rules with hierarchical clustering. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 117-26.

Data Mining refers to "extracting" or "mining" knowledge from large amount of data. Association rule analysis starts with transactions containing one or more products or service offerings and some rudimentary information about the transaction. It has two steps process. One is to find the frequent item set from the database. It produce huge quantity of item set, these item set are mostly irrelevant to the transaction. Second step is to construct the association rule from the frequent item set. This paper describes a new approach for find the strong and validated association rules only. Association rule validation is made to avoid irrelevant rules from the newly constructed rules. Here we use Agglometric hierarchical clustering and a novel bidirectional tree traverse techniques in order to avoid the irrelevant rules. It performed with intelligent information and low execution time.

3 illus, 1 tables, 25 ref

000012   Padma M C;Vijaya P A (SC & Engg Dep, PES College of Engineering, Mandya-571 401, Email: padmapes@gmail.com) : Fuzzy rule based model for automatic script identification from a tri-lingual document. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 151-62.

Automatic script identification has become a challenging research problem in a multi script environment. In a multi script country like India where a single document is printed in more than one language scripts, the automation of script recognition is of utmost importance for proper management of digitized documents. In this paper, it is proposed to work on the tri-lingual documents containing Kannada, Hindi and English scripts. The distinct characteristic features of the printed text lines of Kannada, Hindi and English scripts are thoroughly studied from the top and bottom profiles. A fuzzy rule based model has been designed for automatic script identification from a tri-lingual document. The proposed algorithm is tested on 1800 sample text lines with various font styles and sizes. The overall performance of the proposed system has turned out to be 99%.

5 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

000011   Muthuchelvi P;Mala G S A;Ramachandran V (NO, Sathyabama Univ, Chennai) : IRBAS-an intelligent resource broker with alternate solution expanding for grid meta schedulers. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 177-84.

Grid computing has emerged to facilitate resource sharing and efficient utilization of under utilized distributed resources. However the grid resources are still underutilized and not widely used by all. Besides requesting and selecting appropriate resource from the available resources, providing equivalent resource when discovery fails is also a big challenge in grid. Several works focused on to select resources based on user requirements and resources availability, but there is no work focused on to provide alternate resource when discovery fails and intelligent assistance for resource brokering. Towards this end, a system "IRBAS - An Intelligent Resource Broker with Alternate Solution for expanding grid Meta schedulers" is proposed to provide alternate resource when failure in discovery and intelligent assisted service in the grid environments.

3 illus, 14 ref

000010   Mishra V K;Sharma H R;Shukla M (NO, Bhilai Technology Institute, Bhilai, Email: vshn_mshr@rediffmail.com) : Exploitation of preference querys in database for enhancing the education technology. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 323-43.

Over the last few years, most of the attempts to introduce active learning methodologies in the classroom have made use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). While the growing number of education knowledge resources increases the choice for students on how, what, and when to gain knowledge of, it also makes it more and more difficult to find the knowledge resources that best match the students preferences and needs. The same applies to knowledge systems that aim to adapt or recommend suitable courses and knowledge resources according to the student's wishes and requirements. Improved representations for the student's preferences as well as improved search capabilities that take these preferences into account leverage these issues. In this paper, we propose an approach for selecting optimal education resources based on preference-enabled queries. A preference-enabled query allows the representation of the student's requirements, interests, and wishes. We show how to exploit the representation of the student's wishes and interests with preferences and how to use preferences in order to find optimal education resources. Presents the Special Inclination Explore Check (SIEC), which offers significantly enhanced checking capabilities for education resources by taking the student's detailed preferences into account.

1 illus, 43 ref

000009   Mandal B U (NO, Calcutta Univ, West Bengal) : Mapping and analysis of transport network of Murshidabad district, West Bengal. Indian J Landsc Syst ecol Stud 2008, 31(2), 197-206.

The district of Murshidabad in West Bengal is marked by the occurrences of both the physiographical and socio-plitico-economic importants not only in lower Ganga basin but also in Eastern Region of India. The geographical paramters related to the people and economic includes also the status of transport of communication system particularly the transport network in Murshidabad district. This author has made an attempt to complete the task of preparing the necessary maps and cariout and analysis of transport network of Murshidabad district -which are proved to be a meaningful and useful tools for the formulation of the development stategics of the area under consideration.

2 illus, 8 ref

000008   Mallika R;Saravanan V (Computer Science Dep, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science for Women, Coimbatore, Email: mallikapanneer@hotmail.com) : Cancer classification using SVM-one-against-all: RBF, polynomial, Gaussian Kernel functions. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 315-21.

Support Vector Machines (SVM) are relatively good supervised classification technique used in cancer classification. By nature SVMs are binary classifiers, but they can be extended for multi-class classification with the approach of One-Against-AH (OAA) technique. In this paper, the SVM-OAA approach is evaluated with the three different kernel options namely Radial Basis Functions (RBF), Polynomial and Gaussian. The main findings from this paper are that the SVMs with RBF kernel function outperform the SVMs with the other two kernel functions. The paper also proves for a promising predictive results using a very few minimum gene features rather than using thousands of genes.

2 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

000007   Japhynth J;Elijah Blessing R;Isaac Balasingh J R (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, SCAD College of Engineering and Technology, Cheranmahadevi, Tamil Nadu) : Matchmaking process in grid-a retro analysis. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 345-51.

A grid is an open system, a large collection of autonomous systems giving individual users the image of a single virtual machine with a rich set of hardware and software resources. It is a distributed environment that integrates computing, storage and other resources in order to enable execution of applications that cannot be run on a single resource. Such environment requires advanced matchmaking system in order to efficiently execute users' applications. Matching is a common operation in many areas of computer science. In computer science, the term matching refers to a process of evaluation of the degree of similarity of two objects. In this paper, we give an overview of issues related to grid matchmaking. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a deeper understanding of the choices one can make as far as matchmaking approaches for resource allocation is concerned. We give an overview of issues related to grid matchmaking and highlight their advantages and disadvantages.

12 ref

000006   Indira Gandhi S;Vaidehi V (Electronics Engg. Dep, MIT Campus, Anna Univ, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) : Modified dynamic online routing algorithms in WDM networks. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 299-313.

In optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing networks, effective routing and wavelength assignment are the two important criteria that are used for improving the blocking performance. In the past, a number of researchers have proposed solutions and techniques for effective wavelength assignment and routing. However, due to the increase in data traffic in the internet scenario, the existing algorithms are not adequate to provide an optimal level of performance. Hence, the need arises to propose separate routing and wavelength assignment algorithms to meet the requirements of different types of networks that are part of the internet. Dynamic On Line Routing Algorithm has been already proposed for conventional networks to distribute load evenly across the network. However, the exponential growth of the internet has placed heavy burdens on network management and control application when the existing protocols are used. Adding more resources to the network may temporarily remove congestion conditions but it is not a cost-effective solution in solving resource contention problems in the long run. The network providers are facing problems in setting up on-demand network tunnels in backbone or transport networks. The MDORA proposed in this work, is useful to decide the optimum number of regenerators to be placed on each node. Placement of regenerator in all the nodes is not cost effective and hence in this work, techniques have been proposed to place the regenerators only in selected nodes. Node selection for regenerator placement is performed using fuzzy logic.

7 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

000005   Gopal B;Pankaj Kumar (NO, Integral Univ, Lucknow, Email: bal.gopal.@rediffmail.com) : Perfect memory consistency model for improving parallelism in DSM system. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 127-38.

The parallelism of Distributed Shared Memory System (DSM) can be improved by data replication. For this DSM system involves in moving of data from one node to another on a typical network. So for replication of data, maintenance of memory consistency is required. The maintenance of memory consistency can be done by a proper Memory Consistency Model with the help of Coherence Protocol. Lots o,f research has been done for the maintenance of memory consistency using memory consistency model but a specific memory model is not given, it has been taken randomly. So in this paper we will select and discuss which Memory Consistency Model is perfect for DSM system architecture based on Write-update coherence protocol.

7 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

000004   Ayyappan G;Subramanian A M G;Sekar G (NO, Pondicherry Engineering College, Poundicherry, Email: ayyappanpec@hotmail.com) : M/M/1 Retrial queueing system with breakdown and repair of service under pre-emptive priority service. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 185-200.

Consider a single server retrial queueing system with breakdown and repair under pre-emptive priority service in which two types of customers arrive in a Poisson process with arrival rate λ₁ for low priority customers and λ₂ for high priority customers. Further assume that the service times follow an exponential distribution with parameters μ₁ and μ₂ for two types of customers respectively. The breakdown of service follows an exponential distribution with parameter a and repair of service follows an exponential distribution with parameter p. The retrial is introduced for low priority customers only. Let K be the maximum number of waiting spaces for high priority customers in front of the service station. The high priority customers will be governed by the pre-emptive priority service. We assume that the access from orbit to the service facility is governed by the classical retrial policy. This model is solved by using Matrix geometric Technique. Numerical study have been done for Analysis of Mean number of low priority customers in the orbit (MNCO), Mean number of high priority customers in the queue (MPQL), Truncation level (OCUT), Probability of server free and Probabilities of server busy with low and high priority customers and probability of server in breakdown for various values of λ₁, λ₂, μ₁, μ₂, α, β and σ in elaborate manner and also various particular cases of this model have been discussed.

15 ref

000003   Amirfattahi R (Electrical and Computer Engineering Dep, Isfahan Technology Univ, Isfahan, 84156 831111, Iran, Email: fattahi@cc.iut.ac.ir) : Real-time implementation of MPEG4-CELP with mpe codec using TMS320C6713 DSK. Int J Comp Applic 2009, 4(2), 163-76.

The real time implementation of MPEG4-CELP with MPE in two formats is presented. These formats are 32bit floating point and 16bit fixed point. After a short description of the codec's main features, the result of code optimization is reported. Therefore, the vocoder's performance in noisy condition is evaluated.

11 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

019947   Yekanath Ningappa K;Raghavendra S;Ramesh Gandhi R T D (NO, R.V. College of Engineering, Mysore Road, Bangalore-560 059, Email: yekanathnkamble@yahoo.com) : Use of tech focuz digital library in engineering colleges: a case study of R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore. SRELS J Inf Mgmt 2010, 47(1), 75-82.

Paper aims to highlight the present developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and their impact on the users' community in engineering and other technological libraries with special reference to the R.V. Engineering College Bangalore. The authors also have stated that present digital technologies have made drastic impact on users' needs.

11 ref

019946   Yadav C S;Singh R (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, NIET, Gr. Noida, Email: csyadav@yahoo.com) : Performance evaluation of information systems. Indian J scient Res 2010, 1(1), 71-4.

Performance evaluation of Information systems and its utility during: selection studies of all the components of the Information system, improvement studies for the purpose of improvement of performance, decreasing cost etc. and design studies, when a Information system is being designed and different implementation alternatives are being evaluated. Bench marking is the only tool available for studying the performance of existing information systems. Performance metrics of information system has been described. The term Bench marking is widely used in a general context as a systematic method by which organizations measure their deliverables against the best in the industry. The information system (IS) development activity in large organizations is a source of increasing cost and concern to management. Information system development projects are often over-budget, late, costly to maintain, and not done to the satisfaction of requesting user. Professionals in the computer industry have used the term bench marking since the early 1960s. Initially bench marking meant comparing the processing power of products produced by competing manufacturers within a realistic business or scientific environment.

019945   Saravnan T (Library and Information Science Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu) : Use of winisis for compiling abstract of dissertations submitted by all faculties of Annamalai university, Tamil Nadu: an attempt. SRELS J Inf Mgmt 2010, 47(1), 71-4.

Communication is critical to enable the process of making information useful and usable. It has to be shared, transmitted or perceived for actions, or decisions to be taken, shaped or influenced. Information must be stored in any one of the formats. When we decide to build a database for our institution, the selection of database is an essential one. There are plenty of packages, which are commercially available. But they do not satisfy all the requirements of the user. WINISIS package offers a wonderful solution to this. This paper encompasses a proposal to build a database for the compilation of dissertation abstracts of all faculties submitted to Annomalai University along with the structured flow chart. [Annexure-1]

4 ref

019944   Mukesh;Vatsa G S;Joshi N;Goswami S (DESIDOC, DRDO, Metcalfe House, Delhi-110 054, Email: mukesh@desidoc.drdo.in) : Statistical machine translation. DESIDOC J Libr Inf Technol 2010, 30(4), 25-32.

Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems are based on bilingual sentence aligned data. The quality of translation depends on the data provided for translation learning. A huge parallel corpus is required for performing the statistical machine translation. The aim of this paper is to explore SMT using the Moses toolkit for creating a German-English translator. To perform the German to English translation, a parallel corpus of this language pair has been provided. Larger the size of the data provided for the training of the Moses decoder, more accurate is the translated output.

2 illus, 39 ref

019943   Laxminarsaiah A (NO, Indian Space Research Organisation HQ, Antariksh Bhavan, New BEL Road, Bangalore-560 094, Email: asha@isro.gov.in) : Community network spacenet: a new dimension for library services. SRELS J Inf Mgmt 2010, 47(1), 23-30.

With the tremendous growth of Internet and other communication technologies, libraries are able to provide web-based user-centric information systems. Today's trend is to develop 'Virtual libraries', 'Digital libraries' or 'Institutional repositories' and to provide web-based services either on Internet or on Intranet. This paper discusses about community network infrastructure and configuration of Department of Space. The library portal is a way to disseminate and publish the products and services of the library to the users on their desktop. Illustrates how to set up a web portal on community network to have effective resource sharing. This paper discusses about the various web-based services through Library portal.

4 illus, 3 ref

019942   Latha K S;Kamath A;Jathanna R (Psychiatry Dep, Kastutna Medical College, Manipal Univ, Manipal-576 104) : Missing data in cases of dementia: an analysis. Indian J Gerontol 2009, 23(4), 411-17.

When handling missing data, a researcher should be aware of the mechanism underlying the missingness. In the presence of non-randomly missing data, a model of the missing data mechanism should be included in the analyses to prevent the analyses based on the data from becoming biased. Modeling the missing data mechanism, however, is a difficult task. One way in which knowledge about the missing data mechanism may be obtained is by collecting additional data from non-respondents. In this paper the method of re-approaching the data which was found missing is described. As the case files were accessible it could be retrieved and the patterns of missingness were discerned. The additional data resulted in a larger sample, probing for the causes of missingness resulted in more knowledge about the nature of the missing data patterns. Findings are discussed focused on the report of missing data and identification of missing data mechanism and finally recommendations are presented.

1 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

019941   Kannappanavar B U;Rajanikanta S T;Tandur S K (NO, Library Univ, Kuvempu Univ, Shankargahta-Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577 451, Email: kannappanavar@yahoo.co.in) : Importance of digitization of library materials. SRELS J Inf Mgmt 2010, 47(1), 61-70.

This paper focuses on the decision-making importance of digitization of library materials process. The paper poses a series of questions to be answered which will facilitate the decision-making process of library professionals. They poses the questions as to what and how to digitize into the larger framework of collection building by focusing, first, on the nature of the collections and their use, and, second, on the realities of the institutional context in which these decisions are made. Their method is, above all, most helpful in its pragmatic approach to the unsettling dynamism of the digital technology itself. They view technology as a tool to serve specific collections-related goals and assess the available technology for its ability to aid or obstruct access and preservation.

9 ref

019940   Arumugam G;Chandran C P (Computer Science Dep, Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Madurai-625 021, Email: cpchandran@gmail.com) : Analysis of sequence alignment and secondary structure : predictions from G-protein sequence under the framework of data mining. Indian J multidiscipl Res 2009, 5(1), 59-68.

Analysis of sequence alignment and secondary structure prediction of G-Protein were carried out under the framework of data mining using automated structure prediction online web server, namely "PredictProteiri", The G-Protein was already sequenced and characterized with 381 amino acid residues and such biologically important protein structures are effectively analyzed at biological level. The web server was given a single protein sequence of G-Protein as input. Various protocols, associated with the web server were used to compare the given input sequence with the sequences available in other databases for homologous, sequence alignment and secondary structure prediction. A single flat file was obtained as an output from the web server and this contained informations such as sequence motifs, multiple sequence alignments, disulfide bonds, secondary structure, solvent accessibility, helical transmembrane regions, globularity, localization of conformational switch and functional annotations.

5 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

019939   Arumugam G;CHandran C P (Computer Science Dep, Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Madurai-625 021, Email: opchandran@gmail.com) : Design and analysis of motif mining algorithm for binding domain of G-protein coupled receptors. Indian J multidiscipl Res 2009, 5(1), 47-58.

Motif mining algorithm as designed and implemented to analyze the pheromone binding domain in G-Protein of mouse olfactory system under the framework of Data Mining. A sequence of Mouse Pheromone Binding Protein (MPBP) with the length of 912 amino acids is used as the query sequence. The biological confirmation is carried out using Western Blot analysis on the PROSITE predictions of MPBP and the resultants are considered as the predicted domain. A protein database (2241 sequences) is derived from UniProt Knowledge database that consists of Olfactory Receptor Protein (ORP)₃ Pheromone Binding Protein (PBP), and Odorant Binding Protein (OBP) sequences. Using the proposed algorithm, the binding sites of MPBP are mined from the given query sequence and for all sequences in the database to check for the availability of the binding sites of MPBP. In this present study, the biologically confirmed domain for glycosylation and phosphorylation sites are predicted and analyzed. The analyses showed that the MPBP binding sites do not occur in other species, since the pheromone binding site is species specific. It is evident that the proposed algorithm is best suited to mine the binding sites of the MPBP and also to mine the motifs availability of MPBP in the protein database.

4 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref

014489   Vaishnav K;Swaminarayan P;Virparia P V (Institute of Science and Technology for Advanced studies and Research, allabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat-388 120) : Comparative study of query retrieval methods in database management system and semantic web. Prajna 2009, 17(Dec), 125-31.

The main objective of the computer machine is to store the information in some structured format and to provide the right information to right person at right time. In history, several such systems were developed from flat files to DBMS to the latest framework such as Semantic Web, which is an evolving extension of the World Wide Web in which web content can be expressed not only in natural language, but also in a form that can be understood, interpreted and used by software agents, thus permitting them to find, share and integrate information more easily. This paper describes the query retrieval in database management system through SQL and query retrieval in Semantic Web through SPARQL. We have implemented an example sub schema in SQL server and Protege to provide the comparison between the wide spread SQL query language and a new semantic query language SPARQL.

014488   Sajja P S;Dahiya V (Camputar science Dep, Sardar patel Univ, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat-388 120) : Role of MTF in analysing the contrast and threshold performance of human visual system. Prajna 2009, 17(Dec), 117-21.

This research is focused on practical model of the contrast performance of the human visual system. The level of contrast required to achieve recognition of a given image or class of images projected onto the photon sensitive surface at a specific scale is discussed in this paper. The solution is derived from the signal to threshold condition for its mapping on the retina and from retina to brain. Different types of image exhibits different signals to the threshold requirement. The difference between them is small relative to the total instantaneous dynamic range of the visual system. The signal processing is also dependent on the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) that impacts the threshold contrast performance of the Human Visual System (HVS). There are number of stages and pathways for processing an image by HVS, which are explored in this paper.

3 illus, 11 ref

014487   Premalatha K;Natarajan A M (NO, Kongu Engineering College, Erode-638 052) : Procreant PSO for fastening the convergence to optimal solution in the application of document clustering. Curr Sci 2009, 96(1), 137-43.

This communication presents the Procreant PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm for document-clustering problems. This algorithm is a hybrid of PSO and genetic algorithm (GA), a population-based heuristic search technique, which can be used to solve combinatorial optimization problems, modelled on the concepts of cultural and social rules derived from the analysis of the swarm intelligence (PSO) and also based on crossover and evolution (GA). In standard PSO the non-oscillatory route can quickly cause a particle to stagnate and also, it may prematurely converge on suboptimal solutions that are not even guaranteed to local optimal solution. In this communication, a modification strategy is proposed for the PSO algorithm and applied to the document corpus. The strategy adds reproduction using crossover when stagnation in the movement of the particle is identified and carries out local search to improve the goodness-of-fit. Reproduction has the capability to achieve faster convergence and better solution. Experimental results are examined with document corpus. It demonstrates that the Procreant PSO algorithm statistically outperforms the Simple PSO and the traditional K-means algorithm.

7 illus, 16 ref

014486   Patel C N;Deasi A (Anand Institute of Information Science, Opp. Twon Hall Anand, Gujarat-388 120) : Skew detection and text line extraction for hand written gujarati text. Prajna 2009, 17(Dec), 99-103.

The area of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) has been addressed very well for many popular international languages like English, Chinese, Arabic, Japanese and some of the Indian languages like Oriya, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu etc. Gujarati language OCR has also been focused since last few years, but still there is a scope for developing new and innovative techniques. This paper describes two important and basic preprocessing tasks for OCR, the skew detection and text line extraction for handwritten Gujarati text. This paper also describes properties of Gujarati script, brief overview of the OCR process and problems related to Gujarati OCR. This paper describes various techniques of skew detection and correction. The results based on radon transform for skew detection and correction are discussed. Text line extraction is done using projection profile techniques. The radon transform based techniques are found quite satisfactory for detecting and correcting skew angle.

2 illus, 13 ref

014485   Leducq D (NO, Sciences and Technologies of Lille Univ, Laboratory "Territory City, Environment, Society "(EA 4019), AvP- Langevincite scientifique- 59655, France, Email: divya.leducq@gmail.com) : Strategic assets and weaknesses of a new infotech growth pole in India: Pune (Maharashtra). Trans Inst Indian Geogr 2008, 30(2), 125-36.

Central Government started to establish the scheme "Software Technology Park of India" in Pune to support the economic growth in the information technology sector. In due course, the private sector followed, building others IT parks: thus contributing to the rapid growth of the city. Indeed, these parks covered multi-spatial realities, ranging from a simple tower to a township. They played an important role in the economic development of Pune by promoting the growth of the IT cluster. Consequently, the importance of Pune in the regional and national scheme is rising. At the same time, this rapid growth involves problems, which, in the long term, can harm the dynamics of Pune. The actors public-private are required to set up palliative strategies, in order to preserve the potential of the economic growth of the city. This will be the sole answer in order to fructify the efforts made for almost two decodes.

4 illus, 19 ref

014484   Kamani K C;Kathiriya D R (Information Technology Center, Anand Agricultural Univ, Anand, Gujarat-388 001) : Cross layer mobility management in heterogeneous wireless seamless technology using IPv6. Prajna 2009, 17(Dec), 108-16.

The growing availability and ubiquity of different types of access networks is driving an evolution towards a "network of networks" consisting of heterogeneous but interconnected core and access network technologies that enable users to be always "best connected" anytime, anywhere, without much thought to the background technology used for maintaining and securing connectivity. However, before this vision is realized there are several technological barriers that must be overcome. It is widely anticipated that beyond 3G networks will be an IP-based integration of heterogeneous wireless access technologies. "Seamless Mobility" in such network is much more difficult to be achieved than in traditional wireless telecommunication networks because the B3G network environments are more complex, and various IP-based services presents various QoS requirements, and single handover strategy can not meet all the situations. An integrated mobility management solution is really needed instead of the one fold IP-layer solution such as Mobile IP. In fact, Mobile IP is a simple routing redirection mechanism and the handover performance of Mobile IP is very poor due to the inherent problems in IP such as no sensitivity on the requirements of QoS from application layer and the change of under layer service environments. This article tries to divide the task of "Seamless Mobility" into several subtasks including a well-defined mobility management framework, an IP-layer signaling protocol with good extensibility to support mobility, an set of typical IP-layer handover strategies, an adaptive Handover Control scheme and multi-mode support in Mobile Nodes. Obviously, Mobile IPv6 is perfect as IP-layer mobility protocol and all the handover strategies are designed based on Hierarchical Network-layer Mobility Management framework and implemented by extending of Mobile IPv6. The adaptive Handover Control scheme is proposed to improve IP-layer handover performance and optimize the utilization of multiple network resources based on accurate handover decision on target network, handover strategy and handover time according to cross-layer information. In addition, Mobile Nodes should be modified to support multiple available interfaces and the network-layer mobility management functions.

9 illus, 15 ref

014483   James J (Economics Dep, Tilburg Univ, 2 Warandelaan, 5000 LE Tilberg, The Netherlands, Email: m.j.james@uvt.nl) : Measuring the global digital divide at the level of individuals. Curr Sci 2009, 96(2), 194-7.

According to the conventional measure, the digital divide assigns the same weight to each country regardless of its population size. In this note, by contrast, the divide is conceptualized at the level of individuals as the absolute number of internet users and mobile phone subscribers in developed as against developing countries. On this basis I find that the conventional gap in information technology (IT) use between these countries either shrinks dramatically or is actually reversed. The role of China in these new results is heavily emphasized. The goal of policy should be to provide access to the vast number of individuals who still have no access to IT, even when the digital divide is closed.

6 tables, 5 ref

014482   Jajal B;Desai V (Ashok & Rita Patel Biotechnology Institute (ARIBAS), New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat-388 120) : Sensing image forgey using matlab. Prajna 2009, 17(Dec), 104-7.

Due to availability of immense number of image editing software, a layman can easily perform editing operations into j digital image. Among the major operations, Copy-paste of one image area into another is considered to be the common example of manipulating image. A digital image consists of storage representation of RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color format. Usually an image is assumed to be acquired in 24 bits Bitmap format. The procedure devised here senses the same regions within an image, assuming the test image to contain such forgery. The suggested procedure can be considered as a tool i image forensics. This paper discusses the procedure successfully implemented using Matlab.

6 illus,1 table, 9 ref