018945   Biradar B S;Samapth Kumar B T (Library and Information Science Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shimoga) : Internet search engines : a comparative study and evaluation methodology. SRELS J Inf Mgmt 2006, 43(3), 231-41.

Paper reports on the evaluation of six search engines viz., Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite and Hotbot. The findings indicate that search results of each of the search engines vary significantly from one another. It is found that Altavista searched more number of sites (45,448) while Excite searched least number of sites (283). In case of relevancy of search engines majority of relevant sites were found in case of Google (28%) followed by Yahoo (26%) and Altavista (20%). Further analysis shows that more number of irrelevant sites found in case of Hotbot (61.6%), Lycos (59.6%) and Alatavista (54.8%).

6 tables, 27 ref

018944   Baljinder Kaur;Verma R (NO, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala) : Use of electronic resources at TIET library, Patiala. ILA Bull 2006, 42(3), 18-20.

Format of document has changed from paper to digital form. The electronic information resources have become the important part of today's library. Use of the electronic resources by the users of TIET, Library, Patiala have been described. In this case study, a survey was conducted, using questionnaire, to collect the data. Questionnaire was administered to all the Library users including students, research scholars, and faculty members. Interest of the users about internet, Infonet, CD-ROM data bases and other services provided by the library have also been examined. Finally, it highlights the suggestions given by the users for improvement of electronic resources.

5 illus,1 table, 6 ref

018943   Alkadi I;Alkadi G;Lawrence L (NO, Louisiana at Lafayetten Univ, Louisiana, Lafayette, USA) : Crime of technology identity theft. Pranjana 2006, 9(2), 7-11.

Technological advances have made the world a much smaller, more connected place. In a matter of seconds, one may easily access information about any topic, located on any server in the world. Gone are the days of painstaking searches for information, as well as the days of standing in lengthy lines to see a bank teller or buy a Christmas present. With technological marvels, people may quickly and easily use the internet to conduct business transactions and make purchases. This has naturally led to fraudulent credit card activity and the rise of identity theft, a topic that has become a major concern for all areas of information technology. The Internet has provided us with many opportunities to improve our daily lives, but it has also provided criminals with many opportunities to use our identities against us. Identity thieves hide behind the safety of their computers while stealing thousands of innocent victim's money, putting them into debt. Identity theft is the nation's fastest growing crime and will continue to be a problem if consumers do not make themselves aware of this heinous crime and learn ways to protect themselves against it.

5 ref

017858   Sahu P P (Electronics Dep, Tezpur University, Tazpur-784 028, Email: pps@tezu.ernet.in) : New shared protection scheme in optical network. Curr Sci 2006, 91(9), 1176-83.

A restricted shared protection (RSP) scheme that provides restriction on the sharing of some of the backup light paths to increase the reliability of the protection in optical network has been introduced. From the reliability theory, proved that the reliability in RSP network is more than that of existing shared protection (SP) network. As failure rate increases, the reliability of RSP decreases with slower rate than that of SP. For the study of RSP, author considered routing based on minimum time delay and assign the wavelength using parallel reservation method. It is also observed that the blocking probability in RSP network is more than that of shared protection. To reduce the blocking probability we have used alternate path routing for both the protection schemes. It is seen that the blocking probability reduction using alternate path routing in case of RSP is more than that of SP.

6 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

017857   Sahin Y G (Computer Engineering Dep, Yasar University, Izmir-Turkey, Email: yasar.sahin@yasar.edu.tr) : Software-assisted preparation and assessment of individual education plans for disabled individuals. Curr Sci 2006, 91(9), 1184-94.

Deals with the use of a computer software in special education. Preparation of Individual Education Plan (IEP) and assessment of predefined IEP are the most important stages in the area of special education for teaching individuals with learning disabilities. A special application software which was developed for this purpose, is used to demonstrate the applicability of a database-integrated information processing system to alleviate the burden on educators. The software allows preparation of individualized education programmes based on predefined objectives and behaviours, and assessment of school and family trainings of students. The software has a user-friendly interface and its design includes graphical tools.

8 illus, 5 tables, 22 ref

017856   Parekh R (School of Education Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032) : Multimedia authoring : problems and prospects. J Instn Engrs-Pt CP 2006, 87(Nov), 32-7.

Traditionally, multimedia presentations have been packaged as self running executable files, usually by embedding a set of media components. However, in recent times people have begun to look into various other fields as possible application areas of multimedia technology, which are quite different from their < traditional counterparts. These application areas present new design and implementation issues which can not be handled adequately by existing methodologies. They call for new concepts and practices to be incorporated for adequate solutions. Some of these emerging areas where current methodologies fail to meet user requirements has been explained and some new paradigms for solutions have been suggested. Based upon the problem and requirement analysis, a solution architecture is proposed and a prototype implementation is done to justify its viability. It is shown that the proposed solution is capable of delivering multimedia presentations in a quicker and more convenient way than traditional practices under those conditions.

5 illus, 12 ref

017855   Nageswara Rao K;Narendra K (Civil Engineering Dep, College of Engineering, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Visakhapatnam-530 045, Email: narendra@gitam.edu) : Mapping and evaluation of urban sprawling in the Mehadrigedda watershed in Visakhapatnam metropolitan region using remote sensing and GIS. Curr Sci 2006, 91(11), 1552-7.

Urban sprawl detection and monitoring can be facilitated through the multispectral high resolution Indian Remote sensing Satellite (IRS-P6) images of LISS III and LISS IV sensors. The present study makes an attempt to analyse the dominant changes that occurred in land-use/land-cover features of Mehadrigedda watershed during the past three decades (1975-2005). It is found that the phenomenal increase in built-up area from the watershed is spreading haphazardly into the fringe of the Visakhapatnam metropolis.

6 illus, 12 ref

017854   Kelarev A (School of Computing Univ of Tasmania Private Bag 100, , Hobart Tasmania 7001 (Australia)) : New data structure for the engine of computer games programming. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2006, 18(2), 382-4.

Gives a complete description of a new data structure for the engine of computer games programming. Establishes that every ideal in this data structure has one generator. This .property is convenient for computer storage and manipulation of data. Obtains a more general technical result of independent interest. A complete proof of correctness for this result is given.

11 ref

017853   Gairola R M;Pokhrel S;Varma A K;Agarwal V K (Oceanic Science Div, Meteorology and Oceanography Group, Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad-380 015, Email: rmgairola@yahoo.com) : Multiparameter microwave retrieval algorithms: performance of neural networks. Curr Sci 2006, 91(10), 1382-7.

Deals with a major aspect of retrieval of oeanic and atmospheric parameters from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission-Microwave Imager (TRMM-TMI) channels following the sensitivity studies carried out earlier based on radiative transfer model simulations for rain-free atmospheric conditions over the global tropical oceans. The potentiality of artificial neural network (ANN) for retrieval of geophysical parameters like wind speed, total precipitable water (TPW) and cloud liquid water (CLW) from TMI has been investigated. The radiative transfer simulations of brightness temperatures (TBs) performed for TRMM-TMI frequencies with the inputs from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) fields of geophysical parameters were used for the constitution of the database of input and output field vectors for the ANN applications. The results show that the neural network algorithm has the capacity to perform retrieval of ocean-atmospheric parameters with good accuracy.

4 illus, 22 ref

017852   Dharminder Kumar;Yadav A (Computer Sci & Engng Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Sci & Technol, Hisar, Email: dr_dk_kumar_02@yahoo.com) : Evolving next generation internet protocol on windows and linux. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2006, 18(2), 261-6.

IPv6, the next generation protocol is the best solution for the problems that current Internet protocol faced. IPv6 is introduced, including comparison of IPv4 and IPv6, transition mechanism. In order to assure the IPv6 implementation to be consistent there is a need to evaluate the performance benefits or drawbacks for end users that the new IPv6 protocol will have compared to the well established IPv4 protocol. Like any other protocols, the acceptance of various IPv6 implementations heavily relies on end-user performance. Hence with the availability of a variety of IPv6 implementations, it is essential to evaluate their performance under different operating systems. The IPv6 performance will be compared with the performance of IPv6 for operating systems, namely Red Hat Linux Enterprise (RHLE) 4.0 and Windows XP.

3 illus, 15 ref

017851   Dharminder Kumar;Sonia (Computer Sci and Engng Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Sci & Technol, Hisar, Email: dr_dk_kumar_02@yahoo.com) : W+ model. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2006, 18(2), 239-42.

In software development process, testing activity consumes approximately 40% of the whole project time. That's why if smart testing is done, significant amount of time could be saved still maintaining the quality. The W model of testing clarifies that testing and debugging is not the same thing. The study extends this model by introducing the fact that the job of a tester may be to test in a way so as to evaluate and manage risk also.

5 tables, 18 ref

017850   Dharminder Kumar;Richa Singh (Computer Sci and Engng Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Sci & Technol, Hisar, Email: dr_dk kumar_02@yahoo.com) : Mining the predictive class association rule set. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2006, 18(2), 345-54.

Presents a predictive class association rule set i.e. the minimum rule set having the same predictive power of the complete class association rule set. This rule set has the same predictive power complete class association rule set. This rule set has the same predictive power since it excludes the less accurate and more complex rules from the rule set. Also presents an efficient algorithm for mining the predictive class association rule set using an upward closure property of pruning weak rules before they are actually generated. Hence, using this rule set instead of the complete class association rule set we can avoid redundant computation that would otherwise be required for mining class association rule set. Also characterize the relationships with other rule discovery schemes such as non redundant association rule discovery. Applies the algorithm on a small database and the results show that the algorithm genrates the predictive class association rule set, where efficiency of the mining process is significantly improved. The proposed criterion will be very effective for pruning weak rules in dense databases.

1 illus, 20 ref

017849   Bhunia C T (NO, Haldia Inst of Technol, Haldia-721 657) : Multimedia services with guaranteed QoS over packet networks/internet. J Instn Engrs-Pt CP 2006, 87(Nov), 38-42.

Offering multimedia services with guaranteed quality of service (QoS) is an important area of current research. There are several components that need proper investigation and addressing for providing desired QoS. In the paper, the researth issues pertaining to the jittering, skewing and protocol packet loss have been discussed. Quantitative analysis and investigation over current research reports of the topics are critically reviewed.

6 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

017848   Betechuoh B L;Marwala T;Tettey T (School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwaterstand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa, Email: b.leke@ee.wits.ac.za) : Autoencoder networks for HIV classification. Curr Sci 2006, 91(11), 1467-73.

Introduces a new method to analyse HIV using a combination of auto encoder networks and genetic algorithms. The proposed method is tested on a set of demographic properties of individuals obtained from the South African antenatal survey. When compared to conventional feedforward neural networks, the autoencoder network classifier model proposed yields an accuracy of 92%, compared to an accuracy of 84% obtained from the conventional feedforward neural network. f models. The area under the ROC curve for the proposed autoencoder network model is 0.86 compared to an area under the curve of 0.8 for the conventional feedforward neural network model. The autoencoder network model for HIV classification, proposed in this paper, thus outperforms the conventional feedforward neural network models and is a much better classifier.

4 illus, 4 tables, 37 ref

016833   Talukder A K (NO, International Institute of Information Technology, 26/C, Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560 100, Email: asoke.talukder@iiitb.ac.in) : Mobile number portability: making SMS-data services. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(2), 81-98.

Growth in telecommunications population directly impacts the economy. Advanced economies have discovered that mobile number portability (MNP) helps the economy. Keeping this in mind, many countries in advanced economies have passed regulations making it mandatory for the mobile network operators to implement MNP, in which a subscriber will keep the number but change the network. Following porting of the mobile number, calls need to be routed to the old number in a new network. GSM (global system for mobile communications) has proposed various technology models for supporting voice calls in an MNP scenario. GSM has also suggested technology models to support noncall-related signalling functions like SMS (short message service) point-to-point in MNP scenario. However, data services and application over SMS (SMS-data) is outside the scope of GSM, and no technology is available as of date to support portability of SMS-data services in an MNP scenario. Proposes a technology solution for SMS data portability in MNP scenario. It provides experimental results to support such a claim.

8 illus, 26 ref

016832   Srivastava M K;Bhatia M (Mathematics Dep, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007) : Symmetric duality for multiobjective programming using second order (F, ρ)-convexity. Opsearch 2006, 43(3), 274-95.

Pair of second order Wolfe's type and Mond-Weir types symmetric dual is formulated. Various duality results are established for these multiobjective non linear programming problems involving second roder (F, ρ ) convexity and second order (F, ρ) pseudoconvexity.

17 ref

016831   Lin C S;Liang C H (NO, Chung-Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taiwan) : XML-based web services technology to implement a prototype command and control system. Def Sci J 2006, 56(4), 591-7.

Command and control system is a complex system of systemes. For its ability to improve the command and control efficiency and multiply operational capability, command and control system investment is always a benchmark for military modernisation. However, most command and control systems were independently developed, validated and approved as a stand-alone solution to reflect service requirement rather than joint focused. These stovepipe systems not only have an adverse impact on joint or coalition operation, but also are fairly difficult to integrate and interoperate effectively with other systems. To solve these problems, the study applies XML standard to redefine the structured radar track and global positioning system (GPS) positioning data formats. Radar tracking data and GPS positioning data generator were implemented to simulate air and land targets. In addition, the static intelligence databases, such as order of battle, were built for information exchange with other systems. Sensors, GPS, and intelligence web services, including simple object access protocol (SOAP) and web service definition language (WSDL) are constructed to provide near-real-time static intelligence and dynamic track services. All relevant command and control centres may subscribe the necessary services from the service providers to work together with their own systems for mission needs. the implementation of result demonstrates XML-based web services technology and makes command and control system integration easy, flexible, and cost effective.

3 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

016830   Jayaprakash K;Muthuraman M (Environemntal Science Dep, College of Arts and Science, Puddukkotai-622 404) : Computer health syndrome in It professionals - an ergonomic study. J Ind Pollut Control 2006, 22(1), 23-6.

Work related health problems are common and appearing among IT professionals. They are manifested mostly in psychological and mental ill health, lack of relational genial Temperaments and absenteeism. This directly reflects in the quality of life for employees and decrease in productivity. The study was carried out to assess the different types of occupational health problems among the IT professionals with the help of aquestionnaire. This was also followed by observations on working environment and personal discussion. The study revealed that greatest number of subjects had musculoskeletal problem and change in their food habits. The results are discussed with the intervention of good settings of office and computer laboratory ergonomics suggested by ECMA and HMSO for the improvements.

2 tables, 9 ref

016829   Ahmad I;Gulati T R (Mathematics Dep, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, Email: izharamu@hotmail.com) : Mixed symmetric duality for nondifferentiable programming problems. Opsearch 2006, 43(3), 296-308.

Pair of nondifferentiable mixed symmetric dual programming problems is introduced and duality theorems are proved. This unifies two existing formulations of symmetric dual problems appeared in the literature.

11 ref

015795   Anil Kumar (Mathemtatics & Statistics Dep, R.S.M. (P.G.) College, Dhampur-246 761) : Optimization of performance of terminal reliability of computer network. Acta Cienc Indica-Math 2006, 32(3), 1137-43.

Key motivating factor in the development of the techniques of computer communication is switching. The integrated circuit technologies have made the digital communication quite successful. In order to access the computer from a distance, several techniques were developed , for transmitting data over analog voice communication system. Among these, message-switching packet-switching, and circuit-switching has dominated the scenario since last two decades. The primary focus paper is the development of an appropriate queuing model for the performance evaluation of the circuit-switching in data communication. Two queuing models for analyzing the performance have been developed. The models consist of a transmitter and receiver connected together with a communication channel. Arrival of the packet is assumed to bulk in first model and general service in second model. The result for mean waiting time at the transmitter, mean transmitting time, and mean service time for receiver have been derived to determine the mean response time of the system for the communication channels of varying arrival rates and system load.

1 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

013519   Taneja N;Jindal S;Moudgil A (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh-160 019) : Challenges before e-Passports. Elect Inf Plann 2006, 33(11-12), 271-9.

Within the next year, travelers from dozens of nations may be carrying a new form of passport in response to a mandate by the United States Governemnt. The e-passport, as it is sometimes called, represents a bold initiative in the development of two new technologies: Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and biometrics. Important in their own right, e-passports are also the harbinger of a wave of next-generation ID cards: several national governments plan to deploy identity cards integrating RFID and biometrics for domestic use. Explores this concept of e_Passports and also analyzes the various challenges that are associated with their deployment.

8 illus, 14 ref

013518   Raju Sudha (Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, 63100 Cyberjava, Malaysia) : Determinants of internet banking in Malaysia : the customers' focus. Elect Inf Plann 2006, 33(11-12), 302-11.

Study aims to explore the customer perspects on the use of Internet banking and the issues realted to it. Based on a primary survey of 150 respondents it has been found that there is a significant relationship between demographic variables of the bank customers and the adoption of Internet banking. Moreover, the growth factors of Internet such as Gender, Income, Occupation, Computer literacy, Cost, Security, Web Design and Trust have significant impact on the adoption of Internet banking in Malaysia. Further the analysis revealed that there is the significant perception toward Internet banking security and trust among the Internet banking users and Non-Internet Banking users.

6 tables, 32 ref

013517   Narotra P S (NO, Information Technology Dep, New Delhi-110 003) : Next generation call/contact centers. Elect Inf Plann 2006, 33(11-12), 295-301.

Examines the impact of Voice on IP (VoIP) on the Call/Contact Centers and concludes that due to its compelling and advantages of enabling higher return on investment and offering addtional value added services, it has become the Foundation Technology for the next generation Call/Contact Centers. In fact it argues that the repuation of IT companies can hinge on the success or failure of the VoIP implementation. Highlights that VoIP has come of age and is now being deployed extensively by mainstream users. In addition there is transition to wireless mobile computing. This phenomenon is giving rise to a new era of business communications - one in which employees can work and collaborate efficiently no matter where they happen to be. Concludes that Next Generation Call/Contact Centers will have VoIP as foundation technology for their success in thisi competitive market place. Also suggests necessary domestic policy revamping in India enabling the enterprises to avail the advantages VoIP is offering for the Call / Contact center industry.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

013516   Mohammed Ismail;Seetharaman A;Saravanan A S (Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, 63100 Cyber Jaya, Malaysia) : Emergence of information technology in controlling the budget. Elect Inf Plann 2006, 33(11-12), 280-94.

Emergence of a new budgeting system; budgeting software to replace the inefficient spreadsheet system has been presented. It identifies the disadvantages of the traditional spreadsheet system and the attributes of the budgeting software to eliminate the spreadhseet' disadvantages, as well as the typical budgeting nightmare such time consuming and huge load of paperwork. Fundamentally, budgeting software has proven that the new system is far more efficient and effective than the spreadsheets especially in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, also provide an overview of the potential threats to the budgeting software; resistance to change and network security issues. Then, solutions are suggested to counter the identified threats to the software.

3 illus

013515   Baveja B M (NO, nformation Technology Dep, New Delhi-110 003) : Software defiend radio - emerging technology. Elect Inf Plann 2006, 33(11-12), 312-16.

2 illus

011350   Suri V;Gupta H M (Department of Electrical Engineering, George Mason University, Virginia 22030-4444,USA, Email: vsuri@gmu.edu) : An energy efficiency-based performance comparison of DSR and AODV. IETE J Res 2006, 52(4), 315-24.

Performance comparison of DSR and AODV MANET routing protocols, considering nodes with limited energies has been introduced. The performance of the protocols has been analyzed using simulations in ns-2. The metrics used are relative energy consumption, number of node terminations, packet delivery and goodput. It is concluded that DSR is more energy efficient than AODV.

9 illus, 23 ref

011349   Suresh S;Mahi V;Omkar S N;Sundararajan N (NO, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technologica, Singapore, Email: omkar@aero.iisc.ernet.in) : Multi-spectral satellite image classification using an evolving neural network approach. J Aerospace Sci Technol 2006, 58(4), 287-304.

A new evolving neural network classifier based on real coded genetic algorithm for automatic multi-spectral satellite image classification (land cover mapping problem) has been investigated. The evolving neural network classifier is designed using hybrid genetic operators with classification accuracy as a measure of performance. The evolving neural network methodology is implemented in Pentium clusters. The proposed methodology searches for the best neural network architecture and its connection weights for a given set of training patterns. The performance of the proposed evolving neural network based classifier is evaluated for Level-II classifier model using the Landsat 7 Thematic Mapper high resolution imagery. After evolving the neural network at pixel level, the system performance is tested with sites not seen during training. Results are compared with maximum likelihood classifier, gradient based fully connected multilayer perceptron and growing and pruning radial basis function classifier. The proposed classifier is more accurate, robust with respect to the noise in the input spectrum and also overcomes the common limitations of the standard neural based classifier models.

6 illus, 9 tables, 46 ref

011348   Srivastava S;Singh M;Hanmandlu M;Jha A N (Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, NSIT, Sector 3, Dwarka, New Delhi-110 045) : Identification of nonlinear systems using wavelets and neural network. IETE J Res 2006, 52(4), 305-12.

By utilizing some of the important properties of wavelets like denoising, compression, multiresolution along with the concepts of neural network, two new wavelet neural networks (WNNs) are proposed for approximating any arbitrary non-linear function, hence identifying a non-linear system. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) block receives the given inputs, in the proposed two methods: one using compression property and other using multiresolution property. The compression property enables us to get less number of samples to be presented to the neural network, making approximation/identification fast. Here the wavelet also acts as a filter giving noise free' output to the neural network. This method approximates the desired signal with a very good accuracy. Method II on the other hand multiresoluted every sample to represent a large class of signals exactly. Hence this method gives accurate results for few samples. It is shown that noise and disturbance in the reference signal is reduced with wavelets and also the variation of somatic gain, the parameter that controls the slope of the activation function in the neural network, leads to more accurate output. Identification results are found to be accurate and speed of their convergence is fast.

7 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

011347   Seetharaman G;Venkataramani B; Lakshminarayanan G (Department of ECE, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappali-620 015, Email: bvenki@nitt.edu) : Design and FPGA implementation of self tuned wavepipelind filters. IETE J Res 2006, 52(4), 281-5.

Novel scheme is proposed for FPGA implementation of a wavepipelined filter using Distributed Arithmetic Algorithm (DAA). To make the circuit independent of fabrication variations in the parameters, a sub-optimal wavepipelined scheme is proposed for the various combinational blocks of the DA filter. A self tuning FSM is in-built to choose the clock skew and clock period for I/O registers between the wavepipelined blocks. To test the efficacy of the scheme proposed, three filters with 4, 8 and 10 taps respectively are implemented using DAA approach on Xilinx Spartan II XC2S100-5PQ208 device. The filters are implemented using three schemes: synchronous pipelining, sub-optimal wavepipelining and no pipelining (i.e., using neither synchronous pipelining nor wavepipelining). From the implementation results, it is observed that wavepipelined DA filters are faster by a factor of 1.31-1.61 compared to non-pipelined DA filters. The synchronous pipelined DA filters are in turn faster by a factor of 1.73-2.06 compared to the wavepipelined DA filters. The increased speeds are achieved by increasing the number of slices by 25%-33%, the number of registers by 350-530% and power dissipation by 107-167%. The delay-register product of the wavepipelined DA filters are reduced by a factor of 2.64-3.06 compared to the pipelined DA filters. The technique proposed in this paper is also applicable for ASICs and FPGAs from other vendors.

3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

011346   Samukutty A;Ganapathi P (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 013, Email: sannalaxme@yahoo.co.uk) : Design of optimum key tree with minimized overheads for secure multicasting using genetic algorithm. IETE J Res 2006, 52(4), 275-80.

Secure multicasting is an important requirement in today's networks due to the advancements in Internet technology. The multicast security problems are abstracted into key management and distribution problems. Generally, the centralized approaches maintain a virtual key tree for the set of keys used in the secured communication with the help of an entity called Central Controller. The question of whether the storage requirement of the central controller can be minimized while preserving the communication budget constraint is posed as an optimization problem. The hybrid method addresses this problem based on the clustering technique using information theoretic approach. The degree of the tree is another important constraint in this problem. The objective of minimizing the total cost involving the storage and communication overheads with respect to the cluster size and degree is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem and it is solved using Genetic algorithm. The optimum key tree size is recommended for large groups.

9 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

011345   Sabharwal S (Division of Computer Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Sector 3, Dwarka, New Delhi-110 045, Email: ssab23@rediffmail.com) : Transactions as a traceable unit for process trace and reuse in case tools. IETE J Res 2006, 52(4), 257-70.

Tracing model to dynamically capture three types of transactions viz. atomic, nested and product in CASE tools based on decisional meta-model is proposed. Tracing model is based on notion of transaction which is a traceable unit for process tracing and reuse. The starting point is development language based on decisional meta-model. The development language is used to write development programs, which in turn represent the development process followed by application engineer. Algorithms for CASE tools based on decisional meta-model are proposed to dynamically capture these processes and store them as capitalisation decisions in repository for later use by the Transaction Engineering Environment in the CASE tools.

2 illus, 44 ref

011344   Mehta N;Gadre V M (Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, Email: nirmeshs@ee.iitb.ac.in) : A simple exposition to impossibility of simultaneous time and frequency compactness. IETE J Res 2006, 52(4), 271-2.

Impossibility of simultaneous time and frequency compactness is a well known theorem occurring in several introductory texts on Signal and Systems. A proof of the theorem is however left to an advanced discussion on Fourier analysis. Lucid proof of the same, employing simple properties of the Fourier transform has been presented.

5 ref

011343   Lal R;Saxena S K;Choudhury D R (NO, Delhi College of Engineering, Bawana Road, Delhi-110 004, Email: ujjwal_rl@rediffmail.com) : An efficient designed robust adaptive congestion controller for ABR traffic in ATM network. IETE J Res 2006, 52(4), 287-94.

In the computer networks, congestion occurs when the resource demands exceeds the capacity, which the network can provide. The presence of too many packets in the network, which the network is not able to cope with due to its limited resources and it begins losing packets, gives birth to the situation called congestion. Analyze the performance of Robust Adaptive Congestion Control algorithm for ABR traffic ATM networks and modify this algorithm for better performance. The main goal of ABR traffic control is to provide fairness among all the VCs with a minimal cell loss ratio and maximum utilization of the network.

9 illus, 11 ref

011342   Kaushik S; (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110 016, Email: saroj@cse.iitd.ernet.in) : Information filtering using fuzzy-genetic algorithm approach. IETE J Res 2006, 52(4), 295-303.

Automatic filtering of information has become increasingly important in recent years due to large availability of electronic information. Presents an approach for optimization of Information Retrieval System (IRS) by genetic algorithm and fuzzy sets in an adaptive filtering process. From the observed user preferences regarding documents in the sets retrieved, the system learns from the user's information needs. An interest profile is created that represents the needs as learned from the observed preferences in the user's area of interest. The proposed system will act as an offline information-filtering agent. The documents have been already downloaded from the Internet using google. The system generates a recommendation based on adaptive filtering using a set of keywords extracted from all documents evaluated by user. The process starts with the initial set of documents retrieved as the answer to user's initial query in the area of interest. The preferences given by the user are learned through explicit feedback on retrieved documents. The agent filters and ranks the retrieved information according to user's preferences using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Fuzzy Set Theory. The system has been implemented using Java on Windows 98.

1 illus, 8 tables, 14 ref

011341   Ganesh M;Bhattacharya P;Jain A (CAS in Linguistics, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar 608 002, Email: ganesan_au@yahoo.com) : Notion of virtual deterministic finit automation (VDFA) in language processing. J Computnl Math optimiz 2006, 2(3), 181-206.

Notion of virtual deterministic finite automaton (VDFA) as an intermediate stage between deterministic finite automaton (DFA) and non-deterministic finite automaton (NFA) and study the language recognition capabilites of VDFA has been introduced. Equivalence of VDFA with DFA as well as with NFA has also been shown.

11 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

012452   Pande D K (NO, , 11/2, Professors Colony, Almora-263 601, Email: pandedk1181@yahoo.com) : Data mining techniques for biological information retrieval system: A primer. Vegetos 2006, 19(1-2), 75-9.

Information is the basic requirement and backbone for simulation of knowledge and memory is the key aspect for knowledge. The biological records are very huge and complicated to manage and congregate. Data warehouse and data mining technique is the only sophisticated way to collect, store, process and retrieve the biological knowledge from different external and internal data sources because data warehouse & data mining is the object relational database management system, designed to meet the intelligence based on-line analytical processing. The details of these technologies are discussed.

2 illus, 5 ref

012451   Pande D K (NO, , 11/2 Professors Colony, Almora-263 601, Email: pandedk@gmail.com) : Biologically interacted multi-dimensional database for data management. Vegetos 2006, 19(1-2), 69-74.

Multidimensional data models and development process for smooth going management of biological data has been briefly explained. The success of biologically interacted database depends upon the efficient gathering and proper utilization of information. This research note also explore the conceptual and implementation biological data warehousing techniques which can be roughly categorized into-collection of data/information, digitalization, query formation and search engine development, user interface designing for Information retrieval and browsing.

2 illus, 14 ref

012450   Acharya M;Singh T (NO, Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi-110 042) : Construction of graceful signed graphs. Def Sci J 2006, 56(5), 801-8.

Mathematical problem of automation of encoding a communication/ transportation network is considered for enabling design of appropriate plans for ground-troop movement on a complex terrain that motivated to discuss a general method of constructing infinite families of graceful signed graphs from a given gracefully numbered signed graph. This method gives graceful numberings for signed graphs on K₂ + K^c_t, t ≥ 1, where G^c denotes the complement of the graph G.

5 illus, 17 ref

010368   Stainvas I;Intrator N (NO, FPD, Orbotech. Ltd, P.O. Box 215, Yavne, Israel, Email: inna-s@orbotech.com) : Regularization of projection directions via best basis selection approach. Int J appl Math Statist 2006, 4(J06), 1-22.

Classification and recognition of high-dimensional data is difficult due to the "course of dimensionality" problem, i.e. it is not enough data to robustly train an estimator. The problem may be overcome by dimensionality reduction. Many statistical models, such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and neural networks (NNs), for example, include dimensionality reduction as an implicit preprocessing step. However, such projection onto discriminant directions is not sufficient since the number of direction parameters still remains large (proportional to dimensionality of the data); and models persist to be many parameter models and require regularization. In this work, Author prpose to regularize the low-dimensional structure of the projection parameter space based on compression concepts. It was assumed that an intrinsic dimensionality of the discriminant space spanned by projection directions is essentially small and the latter may sufficiently well represented as a linear superposition of a small number of wavelet functions in the wavelet packet basis. A simple incremental way was introduced to increase the dimensionality of the parameter space using hypothesis testing and apply the technique to logistic regression and to Fisher linear discrimination. Three benchmark data-sets: triangular wave forms (Breiman 1984), the vowel data-set (CMU repository) and a letter data set (DELVE) are used to demonstrate the proposed method.

7 illus, 6 tables, 29 ref

009313   Upadhyay A R;Choudhary R K;Talbar S N (Department of Computing, Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology [APIIT] SD India, Panipat-132 103, Email: akhileshupadhyay@yahoo.com) : CT Scan image enhancement and denoising. Int J Syst Cybernetics Inf 2006, (NULL), 35-42.

The need for image enhancement and restoration is encountered in many medical applications like CT scan images. Image denoising is investigated. The CT Scan images are the low cost, non-invasive imaging modality that has proved popular for many medical applications. The noise is an intrinsic property of medical imaging; generally it tends to reduce the image resolution and contrast, thereby reducing the diagnostic value of this imaging modality. The spatial resolution of a CT image depends on the focal spot & size of the detector. The preprocessing allows filtering methods based on assuming the noise to be white and Gaussian, to perform in nearly optimal conditions. Evaluates performances of different linear and nonlinear anisotropic diffusion based filtering methods. Diffusion approach is based on partial differential equation [PDE], of which the initial data is the input images, transformed into differential forms and solved with iterations. After comparing the results with other filters, the modified anisotropic diffusion method found very useful for denoising CT scan images.

7 illus, 21 ref

009312   Thenmozhi K;Varadarajan R;Prithivi Raj V (NO, School of EEE, SASTRA, Thanjavur, Email: thenmozhi_k_t@rediffmail.com) : IEEE802.11a physical layer implementation using OFDM. Int J Syst Cybernetics Inf 2006, (NULL), 57-60.

Future wireless applicatiosn target multimedia and high speed internet access, all requiring techniques to improve the link capacity and robustness. Wireless channels tend to produce intersymbol interference (ISI) and frequency selective fading. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)/Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (COFDM) is particularly suited to provide reliable reception of signals affected by ISI and frequency selective fading and by this technique transmission of high data rates can be easily achieved. VLSI implementation of COFDM MODEM has been carried out. Based on the results obtained, the COFDM technique is proposed as a suitable one for the wireless broadband high data rate applications. The effects of multipath propagation, frequency selective fading and the various fading channels like AWGN, Random and Rayleigh have been included. The system coding is done in VHDL and the simulation is performed using Model Sm XE 5.8C tool. The output of the system is verified with the Matlab Implementation. VLSI based approach is considered here for implementation of IEEE 802.11a Baseband.

4 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

009311   Singhai J;Singhai R (Department of Electronics, MANIT, Bhopal, Email: J_singhai@rediffmail.com) : MSVQ: A data compression technique for multimedia applications. J scient ind Res 2006, 65(12), 982-5.

Data compression is one of the enabling technologies for the application of communication technology with ever growing Internet, explosive development of mobile communication and the ever-increasing impact of video communication to store the data in a compact way for minimum cost of storage and transmission. There are various compression techniques available which are capable of application specific large compression ratio. The Multi Stage Vector Quantization (MSVQ) based on LBG algorithm and Partial Distance Search (PDS) method, which is most suitable for faster encoding required in multimedia applications.

5 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

009310   Santra A K;Nasira G M (Department of Computer Applications, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638 401, Email: aksantra@bitsathy.ac.in) : Application of artificial neural networks to multi facility location problem with area constraint. Int J Syst Cybernetics Inf 2006, (NULL), 18-24.

Multifacility Location problem is an extension of the single facility location problem. A detailed literature survey reveals that a little attention has been paid to problem involving area constraints even though, perhaps every location problem is inherently bound by area constraint of some sort or the other. This has motivated us to take care of the area constraint aspect of multi facility location problem. Mathematical formulation of multi facility location problem with area constraint has been considered and the solution has been obtained by using Kuhn-Tucker theory. The mathematical solution procedure is very complex and time consuming. Hence, an attempt has been made to get the solution of a complex, constrained multi facility location problem using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). With the help of Numerical examples, it has been established that the solution obtained through ANN model compares well within the acceptable limits with those obtained through analytical method.

1 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref

009309   Rajan E G (Pentagram Research Centre (P) Limited # 201, , Venkat Homes, MIGH-59, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad-500 028, Email: rajaneg@yahoo.co.in) : Realization of certain normal algorithmic signal processing operations lecture series-3. Int J Syst Cybernetics Inf 2006, (NULL), 79-93.

In the section, demonstrate the use of the string manipulating techniques of secion-3, in nonnumerical signal processing. First, we construct a normal algorithm for carrying out cyclic shifting in a string of arbitrary length. Next, outline a general method for constructing normal algorithmic systems for signal processing operations on symbolic sequences in general. As an illustration, we then construct a normal algorithmic system for carrying out linear convolution of nonnegative integer sequences.

4 illus, 4 tables

009308   Radhika N;Arumugam S (NO, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore-13, Tamil Nadu, Email: radhisai@yahoo.co.in) : Performance evaluation of interoperable protocols across heterogeneous adhoc smart spaces. Int J Syst Cybernetics Inf 2006, (NULL), 73-8.

Mobile dynamic reflective context aware middleware is designed in the middleware layer. A new layer called Middleware layer is built in between the routing and Transport in the protocol hierarchy. Smart spaces are designed in the transport layer and each smart space works on a service discovery protocol. The protocols considered in study are pervasive discovery protocol, service location protocol and universal plug and play protocols. The interoperability of protocols is built in the middleware layer. Cross layering is adapted between the routing layer and Transport layer so that the services could be seamlessly delivered in to the device of the user. Cross layering is the phenomena to establish connectivity between any two layers by skipping a layer in between them. The functionality of the layers will be carried out without traversing through the layer. Routing interoperability is established between the Adhoc on demand distance vector routing and Destination sequence distance vector routing. Internally interoperability is brought between the proactive and reactive protocol. In order to choose the routing protocol from the routing layer and the services from the transport layer the cross layering is established. The result of interoperability brings all these smart spaces together.

24 illus, 5 ref

009307   Nagabhushan P;Angadi S A;Anami B S (Department of Studies in Computer Science, University of Mysore, Mysore, Email: pnagabhushan@hotmail.com) : Similarity analysis of geometrical features for fast decipherment of address-reading without OCR. Int J Syst Cybernetics Inf 2006, (NULL), 25-34.

While reading text documents, human beings having deeper experience tend to employ 'Pattern Recognition' techniques to quickly 'grasp' the content rather than understand it by reading the entire text. This human, behavior based model should be easily extendible to postal automation because the text contents to be read are highly limited, being most of the times proper nouns and some specific common nouns particularly with regard to mail distribution task at a destination (delivery) post office. Extract the geometrical features of an address component, express it as a symbolic object [20,21] and in sequel subject it to similarity analysis with the knowledge base to decipher the component rather than reading it character by character employing OCR has been proposed. Bilingual address components which is a very common happening in any part of India has been carried out. While working with data samples-containing address components written in English and Kannada, obtained from a destination post office (Head Post Office, Bagalkot in Karnataka State, India), the recognition performance figures happen to be 92.41 % and 87.69 % for address components printed in English and Kannada respectively. The overall performance including the correctness in recognizing the script turned out to be 90.18%.

4 illus, 6 tables, 26 ref

009306   Murthy G R (International Institute of Information Technology Gachibowli, , Hyderabad-500 032, Email: rammurthy@iiit.net) : Optimal control, codeword, logic function tensors: multi-dimensional neural network. Int J Syst Cybernetics Inf 2006, (NULL), 9-17.

Previously known results relating error-correcting codes, logic gates and one-dimensional neural networks are briefly summarized. Previously reported author's research on a multi-dimensional generalization of the relationship is briefly summarized. Also the author's research work relating optimal control vectors and stable states of a one-dimensional neural network is briefly summarized. Utilizing Tensor State Space Representation of Certain multi-dimensional systems, it is shown that the optimal control tensors (in the sense of maximizing the total output energy over a finite horizon) constitute the stable states of a multi-dimensional neural network. Thus combining this result with the earlier results of the author, a unification of control, communication and computation functions in multi-dimensional systems is formally discussed.

12 ref

009305   Malhotra M;Gupta N;Prasad R S (Scientific Analysis Group, , Delhi-110 054) : Software-based solution for analysis and decoding of FSK-2 modulated, Baudot-coded signals. Def Sci J 2006, 56(2), 259-68.

In the present day scenario, digital communication has become predominant choice over analog communication worldwide. Digital modulation schemes form the main block of the digital communication. Among these, frequency shift keying (FSK-2) is a widely used technique employed for Baudot-coded english text transmission. A Baudot-coded-FSK-2 modulated signal was simulated corresponding to an english text file. A technique has been developed for its analysis and decoding in the MATLAB environment. The technique does the signal analysis, its parameter extraction, and then digital demodulation, to retrieve its corresponding composite bit-stream. An efficient method for edge detection using the number of zero-crossings has been devised and implemented successfully. From the composite bit-stream, overhead bits were removed and decoding was performed to get back the text output.

6 illus, 8 ref

009304   Iyer S;Manjunath D (Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: skiyer@math.iic.ernet.in) : Topological properties of random wireless networks. Sadhana 2006, 31(148), 117-39.

Wireless networks in which the node locations are random are best modelled as random geometric graphs (RGGs). In addition to their extensive application in the modelling of wireless networks, RGGs find many new applications and are being studied in their own right. Brief intro-duction to the issues of interest in rariclorn wireless networks has been provided. Some recent results for one-dimensional networks with the nodes distributed uniformly in (0, z) have been discussed, then discuss some asymptotic results for networks in higher dimensions when the nodes are distributed in a finite volume. Finally discuss some recent generalisations in considering non uniform transmission ranges and non uniform node distributions. An annotated bibliography of some of the recent literature is also provided.

2 illus, 33 ref

009303   Chandrasekhara Sastry A S;Lanka S P;Pratap Reddy L (Department of ECE, G.V.P College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam-530 041, Email: ascssastry@gmail.com) : Word level classification of Telugu script using language model. Int J Syst Cybernetics Inf 2006, (NULL), 68-72.

Complexity and the variety of shapes of characters in Indian scripts is a challenge and there are many issues common to several scripts that seriously affect the performance of OCR systems. An attempt is made to evolve a Language Model as a combination of the connected component approach and the knowledge from zone information. The model is further extended to classify the words of a document image into various classes obtained due to the application of the zonal information to the model of Telugu script.

4 illus, 10 ref