Sahebpor A A;Ghafari V;Shokohi L
002573 Sahebpor A A;Ghafari V;Shokohi L (Pediatric Surgery Dep, Booali Sina Hospital, Sari, Iran, Email: alireza@yahoo.com) : Pyloric atresia associated with epidermolysis bullosa. Indian Pediat 2008, 45(10) , 849-51.
Presents 5 cases of pyloric atresia associated with junctional epidermolysis bullosa, from 2003 to 2005. Patients underwent laparatomy after stabilization. Four neonates had gastroduodenostomy, and the other had excision of membrane and pyloroplasty. Four survived and one died from fulminant septicemia. Although the association ofpyloric atresia with epidermolysis bullosa has been reported to be fatal, our study showed good survival rate.
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Sachdeva S D;Misurya R;Borle R M
002572 Sachdeva S D;Misurya R;Borle R M (Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Dep, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMSU, Sawangi(M), Wardha) : Traumatic bone cyst in posterior mandible. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2008, 3(1), 38-40.
Traumatic bone cyst is a symptomatic, slow growing, non-expansive lesion commonly diagnosed during routine radiographic examination of the jawbones. It is more frequently seen in young age, with predilection for anterior region of mandible leading to dramatic healing of lesion. A 19-year male was reported with fracture mandible in which traumatic bone cyst of a fairly large size in posterior region of the mandible was diagnosed during routine radiographic evaluation. On surgical exploration, clinical diagnosis was confirmed.
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Sachdeva S D;Misurya R;Bagdi A;Borle R M
002571 Sachdeva S D;Misurya R;Bagdi A;Borle R M (Oral & Maxillofacil Surgery Dep, Sharad Pawal Dental College, DMIMSU, Sawangi(M), Wardha) : Pain during third molar surgery - comparative study of two local anesthetic solutions. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2008, 3(1), 24-30.
The study was conducted on 20 patients who underwent surgical removal of bilaterally impacted lower third molars to study the efficacy of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrines and 0,5% bupivacaine. The observation showed that, bupivacaine is found to have a longer time of anesthesia compared to lidocaine. The data indicates that the main difference between the two local anesthetics is the duration of anesthesia which is longer in bupivacaine 0.5% as compared to lidocaine 2% with 1:80,000 epinephrine and also the total period of painlessness was longer with bupivacaine than with lidocaine. The observation showed a reduced need for analgesics in the fist twelve hours post operatively for bupivacaine 0.5% as compared to lidocaine 2% with 1:80,000 concentration of epinephrine. Bupivacaine 0.5% has more potency and lesser toxicity and it does not require a vasoconstrictor for consistent profoundness of anesthesia. There were no signs of systemic toxicity noted in any of the groups. Though bupivacaine 0.5% has a longer duration of action than lidocaine 2% with 1:80,000 epinephrines, it is less commonly used in dental field in India. Its slower onset of anesthesia is also found to be unfavorable by most operators, thus lidocaine is the preferred local anesthetic in the patients. There was overwhelming patient preference for bupivacaine. In addition, the application of bupivacaine to specific oral surgical procedures is desirable. However more effective pain control was obtained with bupivacaine solution compared to iignocaine. Fourteen out of twenty patients in this study preferred bupivacaine over Iignocaine. This may be attributed to less post operative pain perception, increased numbness time, less need for post operative analgesics.
3 illus, 1 table, 15 ref
Sachdeva S D;Misurya R;Bagdi A;Borle R M
002570 Sachdeva S D;Misurya R;Bagdi A;Borle R M (Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Dep, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMSU, Sawangi(M), Wardha) : Cleft lip and cleft palate children with congenitally missing second premolars - a retrospective study. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2008, 3(1), 18-23.
Panoramic and periapical radiographs of 35 patients with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both (20 males and 15 females), age 5 to 18 years, were examined to determine the frequency of missing second premolars and the possible association between the cleft side and the side from which the premolar was absent. The prevalence (18%) of missing premolars found in this study is significantly higher than is found in the general population. A considerably higher incidence of missing second premolars was found in the maxilla compared with the mandible both for unilateral and bilateral missing teeth. The second premolar was absent more frequently on the left than on the right side, both in males and females and in both jaws. Interestingly but consistent with our previous reporting, this corresponded to the side where clefts occurred more often. The cause of the higher prevalence of left-sided clefts and missing second premolars in human beings is not known at the present time.
4 tables, 21 ref
Rustaiyan A;Nahrevanian H;Kazemi M
002569 Rustaiyan A;Nahrevanian H;Kazemi M (Chemistry Dep, Science and Research Campus, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box 14515-775, Tehran, Email: rustaiyan@excite.com) : New antimalarial agent; effect of extracts of Artemisia diffusa against Plasmodium berghei. Pharmacog Mag 2009, 5(17), 1-7.
The antimalarial activity of Artemisia diffusa extracts and the fraction which contains sesquiterpene lactones including Tehranolide, on Plasmodium berghei in vivo on the mice model of malaria was investigated. Biological tests carried out as well as the phytochemical investigations from the same collection. It demonstrates that crude extracts of Artemisia diffusa inhibit the growth of Plasmodium berghei in vivo in NMRI mice. The microscopic examination of Giemsa stained slides showed a virtual absence of all blood-stage of murine malaria treated with three concentrations of herbal extracts including 27, 2.7 and 0.27 mg/ml. These observations suggest that the active constituents in the extract may be cytotoxic for P. berghei, thereby inhibiting their development to the erythrocytic stage. The results specifically indicated the inhibitory effects of the A.diffusa crude extracts and the fraction which contains sesquiterpene lactones including Tehranolide, on the developmental stages of P.berghei by decreasing parasitaemia.
3 illus, 20 ref
Rumana M;Besina S;Khursheed N;Ashiq H
002568 Rumana M;Besina S;Khursheed N;Ashiq H (Pathology Dep, Government Medical College, Srinagar) : Duplication of vermiform appendix. JK Practnr 2008, 15(1-4), 23-4.
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Ray S K;Mallik S;Mitra S P;Mehta P;Kumar Satish
002567 Ray S K;Mallik S;Mitra S P;Mehta P;Kumar Satish (Community Medicine Dep, Medical College, Kolkata, Email: sarmila60@yahoo.co.in) : Epidemiological study on incidence, symptoms and complications on measles in bordering districts of West Bengal. J Commun Dis 2008, 40(1), 59-64.
Study was carried out to find out the incidence of measles in under five children and its complications in four selected urban slums of inter-state border districts of West Bengal. 20 cluster sampling technique was followed and in each cluster 250 under five children were covered. Paramedical workers found out the children of the target age group who had the history of measles in past one year and Medical Officer confirmed the case following standard case definition. Incidence of measles was round to be 3.3% in Purulia, 5.5% in Bankura. 4.6% in Midnapur, 5.7% in Haldia-Tamluk and with an overall rate of 4.8%. Incidence was higher in 0-11 and 12-23 months age group and decreased with increasing age, but no sex difference in incidence of Measles was observed. Only 20% of cases were vaccinated with measles vaccine and 26% received Vitamin A in oil. Diarrhoea was the commonest complications follov,'ed by cough and cold, pneumonia and weight loss. The study highlighted the necessity of timely measles vaccine coverage, additional dose at a higher age and Vitamin A oil supplementation through IEC activities.
1 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref
Rawat C M S;Shankar Ravi;Pandey S;Gupta V M; Srivastava D K
002566 Rawat C M S;Shankar Ravi;Pandey S;Gupta V M; Srivastava D K (Community Medicine Dep, UFHT, Medical College, Haldwani, Nainital) : Knowledge and awareness about hepatitis B infection in newly admitted medical students. J Commun Dis 2008, 40(1), 71-3.
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Rashmi Kumari;Nath A K;Rajalakshmi R;Adityan B;Thappa D M
002565 Rashmi Kumari;Nath A K;Rajalakshmi R;Adityan B;Thappa D M (Dermatology and STD Dep, JIPMER, Pondicherry-605 006, Email: dmthappa@gmail.com) : Disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis: varied morphological appearances on the skin. Indian J Derm Vener Lepr 2009, 75(1), 68-71.
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It frequently involves the nasopharynx and occasionally affects the skin. Reports a case of 45-year-old man who had disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis with cutaneous pseudohorn, its base arising from rhinosporidiosis. The case presented with multiple reddish lesions over the nose of six years duration. In the past year, he developed skin lesions over the left arm, forearm, back, and chest. On examination, polymorphic lesions of rhinosporidiosis in form of verrucous plaque, unulcerated tumor, granulomatous growth, and furunculoid lesions were observed. Interestingly, there was a cutaneous horn over the chest which on histopathological examination showed hyperplastic epithelium with numerous globular cysts of varying shape, representing sporangia in different stages of development and transelimination. Computerized tomography scan of the chest showed bilateral opacities suggestive of lung involvement. On the basis of these clinical and histopathological findings, a diagnosis of nasal rhinosporidiosis with cutaneous and systemic dissemination was made.
^ccr
Rasaily R
002564 Rasaily R (Reproductive Health and Nutrition Div, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029) : Age profile of neonatal deaths. Indian Pediat 2008, 45(12), 991-4.
Neonatal survival has emerged as the key to further reduction in child mortality. Distribution of neonatal deaths in first week of life in the community is poorly understood. In a cross sectional survey covering a population of 13,16,681, information was collected retrospectively for one-year reference period on 30,4 73 births, 1,521 neonatal deaths and 2,218 infant deaths from five rural sites in India. Of all neonatal deaths, 39.3% occurred on first day of life, and 56.8 % during the first three days. Highlights importance of first three days as the most hazardous phase in life and provides evidence-base for postnatal care guidelines.
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Ranasingle J G S;Ranasinghe A R A H;Samitha S
002563 Ranasingle J G S;Ranasinghe A R A H;Samitha S (Biochemistry Dep, Faculty of Medicine, Peradeniya Univ, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka and Post Graduate Institute of Science, Peradeniya Univ, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka) : Prevention of antibiotic-induced diarrhoea in dogs. Indian J Anim Nutr 2008, 25(3), 288-92.
Effects of yoghurt on doxycycline-induced diarrhoea in dogs were evaluated at a veterinary clinic in Kegalle district during a period of six months from January to June 2006. Dogs admitted to the veterinary clinics with bacterial infection other than diarrohea were randomly assigned to two groups, non fermented milk (nfm n=42) and fermented milk (fin group, n=42). During the treatment period, each group received doxycycline 1 Omg/ kg orally once daily for five days. Two milk products were introduced to dogs in both groups by the owners during the treatment period, a standard yoghurt (1000g/d) with the traditional yogurt cultures i.e. Lactobacillus bulgaricm and Streptococcus thermophilus to the fermented milk group and a nonfermented milk products to the other group (100g/d) for 5 days. The percentage of diarrhoea in the group given fermented milk was 21.43 compared to the group treated with non-fermented milk 71.43. One tail probability for the Fisher's Exact Test was p<0.01. This clearly suggests that the live yoghurt treatment is effective in controling doxycycline-induced diarrhoea in dogs.
3 tables, 18 ref
Ramnath R;Kalaniti K
002562 Ramnath R;Kalaniti K (Peditrics Dep, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, 12-A, Nageswara Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai-34, Email: ramnath@lycos.com) : Kleine-levin syndrome. Indian Pediat 2008, 45(12), 1007.
4 ref
Rakesh Kumar;Mittal K;Manoj Rawal;Sanjay Kumar
002561 Rakesh Kumar;Mittal K;Manoj Rawal;Sanjay Kumar (Advanced Pediatric Center, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Email: drangural@yahoo.com) : Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy. Indian Pediat 2008, 45(12), 1002-3.
Describes an 18-month-old girl with acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy, with palpable erythemaous purpuric rash on face, upper and lower limbs and ear lobules associated with edema and leukocytoclastic vasculitis. There were no systemic complications.
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Rakesh Kumar;Goyal S;Sunil Kumar;Marbaniang M
002560 Rakesh Kumar;Goyal S;Sunil Kumar;Marbaniang M (Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Dep, MAMC & Lok Nayak Hospital, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110 002) : Anesthetic management of a patient with Kimura's disease. J Anaesth clin Pharmac 2008, 24(2), 250-1.
1 illus 3 ref
Rajesh Kumar;Sita Kumari
002559 Rajesh Kumar;Sita Kumari (NO, , 208, 2nd Floor, New Wing, Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Center, 12, New Marine line, Mumbao-400 020, Email: rkderm@gmail.com) : Evaluation and management of photosensitivity in children. Indian Pediat 2008, 45(10), 829-37.
Reviews the presentation and management of photosensitive disorders in children. Detailed history and thorough clinical examination is essential in arriving at a particular diagnosis. Photosensitive disorders in children are idiopathic, or related to nutritional, genetic, metabolic or connective tissue diseases. Most photosensitive disorders begin in infancy or childhood and persist for invariable period during adulthood. However, their severity decreases with age. As there is no definitive treatment in most of the cases, the only treatment is prevention from further exposure to sunlight. Aim should be to minimize the photo damage which can be achieved by adopting different methods of photoprotection. Photoprotection can be achieved by using adequate sunscreens, proper clothing and avoidance of sun exposure. It is recommended that these children and their parents should be adequately counseled about the disease and different methods of photoprotection. Describes how to diagnose photosensitive disorders in children and its management.
^iia6 illus, 3 tables, 37 ref
Raina S;Mahesh D M;Sood V;Asotra S;Kaushal S S;Gupta D
002558 Raina S;Mahesh D M;Sood V;Asotra S;Kaushal S S;Gupta D (Medicine Dep, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla-171 001) : Paget-von Schrotter syndrome. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2008, 9(3), 230-2.
paget-von Schratter syndrome is the process of the axillary and/or subclavian vein thrombosis of right occurring in otherwise normal individuals. A 23-year-old male taxi driver presented with acute onset of right upper limb swelling and aching pain after driving his taxi continuously in the hilly terrain of Himachal Pradesh two days before admission. His right upper limb was swollen and cyanosed. Doppler ultrasound scan confirmed the diagnosis of Paget-von Schratter syndrome. He was managed by intravenous streptokinase followed by oral anticoagulation therapy.
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Raina S;Kaul R;Mahesh D M;Kaushal S S;Gupta D
002557 Raina S;Kaul R;Mahesh D M;Kaushal S S;Gupta D (Medicine Dep, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla-171 001) : AIDS dementia complex. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2008, 9(3), 212-13.
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Raina S K;Mengi V;Singh G
002556 Raina S K;Mengi V;Singh G (Community Medicine Dep, ASCOMS, Sidhra, Jammu) : Trends in antenatal care utilization in block R.S. pura of district Jammu. JK Practnr 2008, 15(1-4), 40-2.
The findings of a field based cross section survey covering a period of one year (July 2003 July 2004) to access the utilization pattern of antenatal cone services in a block of Jammu district one presented in this paper. Women with children less than one year were part of the study.
4 tables, 8 ref
Rai R;Singh D K;Srivastava A K;Bhargava A
002555 Rai R;Singh D K;Srivastava A K;Bhargava A (NO, SN Children Hospital, Church Lane, Allahabad-211 002, Email: drruchi.rai@indiatimes.com) : Primary amebic meningoencephalitis. Indian Pediat 2008, 45(12), 1004-5.
Reports an 8 month-old infant with primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAME) due to Naegleria fowleri. The child was treated with amphotericin B, chloramphenicol and rifampicinfor 3 weeks. PAME is an almost universally fatal condition with very few survivors till date. Our patient was one of the rare survivors who recovered after treatment and was discharged without any residual neurological deficit.
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Ragunatha S;Palit A;Inamadar A C;Madraki R M; Yelikar B R
002554 Ragunatha S;Palit A;Inamadar A C;Madraki R M; Yelikar B R (Dermatology Dep, Venerology and Leprosy, BLDEA's SBMP Medicl College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bijapur-586 103, Email: aruninamadar@redifmail.com) : Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy. Indian J Derm Vener Lepr 2009, 75(1), 63-7.
An adult female patient on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure presented with large, brownish, and indurated plaques with bound-down skin on both lower limbs and abdomen along with difficulty in movement of the legs. Histopathological features revealed thick collagen bundles admixed with mucin and intercalating spindle-like cells characteristic of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy (NFD). Immunohistochemical study showed prominent CD68 positivity and weak CD34 positivity suggesting that the plaques were more than 20-weeks old. NFD in patients with chronic renal failure of unknown cause is a poor prognostic indicator. Early detection before the development of contracture and prompt treatment of NFD and underlying renal failure may reverse this disabling condition.
^ccr6 illus, 1 table, 7 ref
Raazmaheshwari;Beena Rani;Upma Singh
002553 Raazmaheshwari;Beena Rani;Upma Singh (Chemistry Dep, SBDTC, Lkshman Garh, Sikar-332 311) : Smoke and smokescreens. Ecotech 2009, 1(1), 33-6.
Quadri S H;Moizul H;Syed S;Ansari Y
002552 Quadri S H;Moizul H;Syed S;Ansari Y (Pharmaceuticals Ltd Medley, , Kachigam, Daman, Uttarakhand, Email: siddiq_ali@rediffmail.com) : Design and evaluation of controlled release mucoadhesive oral tablet of captopril. J pharm Res 2008, 7(3), 158-60.
Mucoadhesive controlled release tablet can improve the effectiveness of a drug by maintaining the drug concentration between the effective and toxic levels, and allowing targeting and localization of a drug at a specific site. Captopril mucoadhesive oral tablet formulated by using Carbopol 974 P and Hydroxy propyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4 M & HPMC K15 M) provided slow release of captopril over a period of 12 hr Captopril release from these tablets was diffusion controlled and followed non-Fickian release. Tablet also exhibited Good swelling and good mucoadhesive strength.
3 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref
Puri A;Fischer L;Puri V K
002551 Puri A;Fischer L;Puri V K (Cardiology Dep, CSM Medical University (Fmr King George's Medical University), Luckno, ) : Role of If in anti-anginal treatment. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2008, 9(3), 193-7.
Therapeutic heart rate reduction is an important aspect of medicalmanagement in chronic stable an ina and chronic heart failure Existing rugs ava,la e, a beit effective, have several side-effects. Ivabradine, a specific '1,' channel current inhibitor, is a new addition to this therapeutic armamentarium.
^iia1 illus, 36 ref
Punia V P S;Satish Kumar
002550 Punia V P S;Satish Kumar (Medicine Dep, Vardhmaan Mahaveer Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi-110 029) : Cement kidney: renal tuberculosis. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2008, 9(3), 216-17.
An 18-year-old girl presented with fever, haematuria, and oliguria with history of pulmonary tuberculosis in childhood. Urine culture yielded acid-fast bacilli. Plain abdominal radiograph showed cement kidney. Patient improved with anti-tubercular drugs.
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Punia V P S;Satish Kumar
002549 Punia V P S;Satish Kumar (Medicine Dep, Vardhmaan Mahaveer Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi-110 029) : Neurocysticercosis. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2008, 9(3), 214-15.
A 27-year-old vegetarian Hindu female presented with tonic-clonic convulsions. MRI brain revealed heavy infestation of neurocysticercii. After treatment with anti-epileptics, albendazole, and steroids, the patient is doing well.
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Prasanna Kumar B R;Khaleel M;Shivalinge Gowda K P
002548 Prasanna Kumar B R;Khaleel M;Shivalinge Gowda K P (Pharmacology Dep, MMU College of Pharmacy, Ramanagaram-571 511, Email: pkumar_2005@rediffmail.com) : Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Mimosa pudica Linn.. Biomed 2009, 4(2), 141-6.
The aqueous extract of the leaves of Mimosa pudica at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg was tested for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. The extract produced dose dependent and significant inhibition of carrageenan induced paw oedema. The analgesic activity was found to be more effective on the acetic acid induced writhing model (p<0.001) than the tail flick model (p<0.001). So the extract inhibits predominantly the peripheral mechanism. The presence of flavonoids in the aqueous extract may be contributory to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.
3 tables, 11 ref
Prasad R;Bhide S V;Gandhi P V;Divekar N S; Madhav V N V
002547 Prasad R;Bhide S V;Gandhi P V;Divekar N S; Madhav V N V (Prosthodontics Dep, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College, Pune, Email: rpd6@yahoo.com) : Prosthodontic management of a patient with limited mouth opening: a practical approach. J Indian Prosthodontic Soc 2008, 8(2), 83-6.
Dentists occasionally come across patients with constricted oral openings. As the size of the oral opening decreases, the difficulty of the required treatment increases. A maximal oral opening that is smaller than the size of a complete denture can make prosthetic treatment challenging. Several techniques have been described for such situations, where either standard impression trays or the denture itself becomes too difficult to place and remove from the mouth. The literature contains various reports on the fabrication of sectional or hinged tray/complete dentures, utilizing various mechanisms for connecting each of the components. A case report and technique of a simplified and practical design for fabrication of mandibular/maxillary sectional trays and complete denture have been presented here; this technique,utilizes components that are commonly available, to simplify the treatment modality of limited oral access to the prosthesis.
4 illus, 8 ref
Prabakaran L;Bajpai M
002546 Prabakaran L;Bajpai M (Pharmaceutical Research Div, Pharmaceutics Dep, Cherraan's College of Pharmacy, Thelungupalayam Pirivu, Coimbatore-641 039, Email: prabakar75@gmail.com) : Improved dissolution, wettability and pysicochemical stability of nimesulide micropellet suspension. J pharm Res 2008, 7(3), 141-4.
Improving the dissolution, flow property, wettability, and packability of drugs provide great advantages during processing or formulation of Pharmaceuticals. The purpose of research was to improve the dissolution, which is rate limiting of its absorption, wettability and physicochemical stability of the model drug Nimesulide. Drug micropellets using solvent miscible technique and suspension vehicle (SV) of structured vehicle with controlled flocculation were prepared. Suspensions of drug raw material and spherical micropellets were formulated using SV and compared with the dissolution and physicochemical stability of the marketed product.
2 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref
Ponde V C;Salyankar S
002545 Ponde V C;Salyankar S (Anaesthesiology Dep, Guru Nanak Hospital, Bandra West, Maharashtra, Email: vrushaliponde@yahoo.co.in) : Anaesthetic management of cornelia de lange syndrome. J Anaesth clin Pharmac 2008, 24(2), 241-9.
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Poddutoor P K;Chirla D K;Alla V
002544 Poddutoor P K;Chirla D K;Alla V (NO, Rainbow Children Hospital, Hyderabad-500 034, Email: drpreethamp@gmail.com ) : Long distance neonatal transport- the need of the hpur. Indian Pediat 2008, 45(11), 920-2.
Compares the inter hospital long distance transports undertaken by a qualified transport team versus those done by other means. Thts-wasA retrospective descriptive comparative study of the neonatal transports done during a period of 33 months from various maternity and pediatric centers to a pediatric tertiary referral centre. Found that biochemical and temperature disturbances are more common in babies transported on their own and a specialized neonatal transport service could improve the survival of these babies. Survival was 96.2% (154/160) and 89% (114/128) in the two groups, respectively (P=0.03).
^ssc2 tables, 11 ref
Petros Z;Makonnen E;Debella A
002543 Petros Z;Makonnen E;Debella A (Pharmacology Dep, Medicine Faculty, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Email: zelalemgbc@yahoo.com) : Tracheal relaxant effect of column chromatographic elutes of chloroform fraction of Adhatoda schimperiana leaves in guinea-pigs. Pharmacog Mag 2009, 5(17), 86-91.
Adhatoda schimperiana has been used in Ethiopian traditional medicine as a remedy for bronchial asthma.In the present study, tracheal relaxant effect of column chromatographic elutes (CCEs) of the chloroform fraction of the leaves of the plant was investigated on guinea-pigs. The intermediate polar CCE of the chloroform fraction showed tracheal relaxant effect as observed by a right-ward shift of the dose-response curve. The maximum response to histamine in presence of the intermediate polar CCE was significantly lower than that of the chloroform fraction (p<0.05). These results suggest that bioactivity-guided fractionation could show improved tracheal relaxant activity, and the alkaloid-rich fraction of the crude extract might be responsible for the claimed anti-asthmatic effect of the plant.
2 illus, 3 table, 12 ref
Petkar K C;Kharade S V;Kuchekar B S
002542 Petkar K C;Kharade S V;Kuchekar B S (NO, Government College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Karad-415 124, Email: petkar.kailash@gmail.com) : Development and validation of analytical method for dissolution rate studies of tizanidine hydrochloride. J pharm Res 2008, 7(3), 136-7.
A simple, accurate, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method in ultraviolet region has been developed for the estimation of tizanidine hydrochloride (TH) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 solution to facilitate its dissolution rate studies. The method employed Shimadzu UV 1700 double beam recording spectrophotometer with 10 mm matched quartz cells. TH exhibited maximum absorbance at 320 nm; Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2-20 μg/ml (r2= 0.9999). Apparent molar absorptivity and sandell's sensitivity was found to be of 1.4494 x 104 lit/mole/ cm and 0.020077 μg/Sq. cm/0.001 respectively. Recoveries of TH were ranging from 100-102%. Results of analysis were validated statistically. The proposed method was successfully applied for assaying the drug sample from different formulations containing 2 and 4 mg of TH and also applied for estimation of TH samples after dissolution rate studies of sustained release tablets.
1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref
Patti U S;Kurade N P
002541 Patti U S;Kurade N P (NO, Indian Veterinary Reseach Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, H.P.-176 061) : Isolation, idenification and in vitro antibiogram of Enterococcus fecalis from migratory sheep and goat. Indian J vet Res 2008, 17(2), 32-5.
Three migratory flocks of sheep and goats on their downward migration during the period of 2005- 2006, had history of rise in temperature (104°P- 107°P), anorexia, depression, purulent nasal discharge, dysentery, soiled anus, anemia and death within 48 h. Mortality of 2- 7% in sheep and 315% in goats was recorded. Pathological studies revealed severe enteritis, lymphadenitis andpneumonia. Biochemical tests confirmed the isolation of Enterococcus fecalis. E.fecalis isolates had highest sensitivity to cephotaxime. Infected sheep and goats treated with cephotaxime injection along with supportive therapy, recovered completel:
1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref
Patil V;Ambulkar R;Sareen R
002540 Patil V;Ambulkar R;Sareen R (Anaesthesia Dep, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hopsital, Parel, Mumbai-400 012, Email: vijayappatilyahoo.com) : Serious incident regarding medical oxygen cylinder. J Anaesth clin Pharmac 2008, 24(2), 244-5.
Patel V P;Patel N M
002539 Patel V P;Patel N M (NO, Shri B.M. Shah College of Pharmacy, Modasa-383 315, Email: v_pharmacy@yahoo.co.in) : Optimization of piroxicam solid dispersion capsule formulation. J pharm Res 2008, 7(2), 106-11.
A factorially designed study has been developed as a tool for choosing the most suitable excipients for formulating piroxicam capsules. Prior to capsule formulation, and to improve the solubility of piroxicam, drug solid dispersions (SD) have been prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a carrier. Both PEG 4000 and PEG 6000 were tried in different drug to carrier ratios. PEG 6000 was found to be more effective in enhancing piroxicam dissolution. The factorial design applied was a 2 x3 x4 type to evaluate the effect of two ratios of PEG 6000 used in the preparation of piroxicam SD, three lubricants and four diluents, respectively, on the T30 of the drug. All the factors under study were found to be significant with the highest one being that of lubricant and the lowest one the ratio between the drug and the polymer. Different types of interactions between the different factors were also found significant. According to the three-way interaction which showed that the more economical 1:1 drug to PEG 6000 ratio gave 99.92% of piroxicam release with aerosil as lubricant and mannitol as diluent. The flow property measurement of the powder fill of the most promising formulation was also calculated.
6 illus, 4 tables, 25 ref
Patel S V;Baxi R K;Kotecha P V
002538 Patel S V;Baxi R K;Kotecha P V (Community Medicine Dep, Government Medical College, Vadodara, Gujarat-390 001, Email: sangita_psm@yahoo.co.in) : Case control study of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and its association with IUD (Intrauterine device). J Obstet Gynec India 2008, 58(4), 333-7.
Objectives is to find out the role of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Chi-squaretest was used.matistical analysis. The odds ratio for PID with IUD as risk factor was 2.19 with 95% confidence interval (CI) being 1.13 to 4.23. Among 140 cases IUD was present in 29 cases (19.33%) while in 150 controls it was in 16 cases (10.66%). The difference was statistically significant (p=0.027). (See Graph I). This suggests etiological fraction of 54.3% (CI 11.6% to 76.4%) among IUD uses. IUCD is a risk factor for PID.
1 illus, 5 tables, 13 ref
Parthasarathy S;Ravishankar M
002537 Parthasarathy S;Ravishankar M (Mahatma Gandhi Medical, College and Research Institute, Pondicherry) : Use of intrathecal ketamine in two difficult cases. J Anaesth clin Pharmac 2008, 24(1), 102-3.
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Parakh A;Dubey A P;Samanta D
002536 Parakh A;Dubey A P;Samanta D (Pediatrics Dep, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, Email: apdubey52@rediffmail.com) : Caspofungin. Indian Pediat 2008, 45(11), 905-10.
Caspofungin is a new antifungal drug meant for intravenous use. It has been shown to be comparable to other antifungal agents such as amphotericin B andjluconazolefor empirical therapy in febrile neutropenic patients, oropharyngeal/esophageal candidiasis and invasive aspergillosis. Its efficacy has also been documented in children in small uncontrolled trials. The biggest assets of caspofungin are its excellent tolerability/safety profile and minimal drug interactions.
2 tables, 19 ref
Ojha A;Singh K C;Singh S C
002535 Ojha A;Singh K C;Singh S C (NO, Lok Mahavidyalaya, Hafizpur, Baniapur (Saran)) : Pharmacological effect of herbal drug Indian dellum and azadiracta indica. Ecotech 2009, 1(1), 79-80.
Some human disease are very prove to all age group of human being. This passively of diseases attacks on human being, caused to increase in the mortality rate of Indian population. It is considered that the low economic profile persons are suffered by various term of diseases like eosinophilia, cough, asthma. They don't have any idea to reduce such kind of stress due to the low antibody amount in the body defense system or Self Immunity Boarder System (SIBS). If some medically important herbs are to be considered, against these stress, it makes defense to built more powerful immune system and also enhance the internal strength of the person who are suffering from these type of diseases. Present paper explores use of different kind of herbal plants against aforesaid diseases. It was found that the Indian Dellum and azadiracta indica is very useful against such kind of diseases.
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Nwafor Paul A;Jacks T W;Ekanem A U
002534 Nwafor Paul A;Jacks T W;Ekanem A U (Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uyo Univ, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa ibom State, Nigeria, Email: paulnwafor@yahoo.com) : Estrogenic and anticonceptive effects of methanolic extract of Pausinystalia macroceras stem - barm in rodents. J pharm Res 2008, 7(2), 119-21.
The effect of methanolic extract of Pausinystalia macroceras stem-bark was investigated for its estrogenic and anticonceptive potentials in rodents. At lowest dose (175 mg/kg), the extract showed slight estrogenicity in vaginal opening and cornification in both mice and rats. The increase and decrease in mean uterine wet weight in rats and mice respectively, were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The extract demonstrated antiestrogenic effect in rats, this dose dependent decrease in mean uterine wet weight was statistically significant (p <0.001), this was corroborated in mice. It also protected the rats from conception for over two gestational periods. Though the mechanism of action of the extract may not be fully understood, it may in part be related to its antiestrogenic effect or its direct mechanism on the uterine muscle.
4 tables, 13 ref
Nooji D;Sajjan S M C
002533 Nooji D;Sajjan S M C (Prosthodontics Dep, KVG Dental College and Hospital, Sullia, DK, Karnataka-574 327, Email: devinooji@yahoo.co.in) : Third point of reference and its effect on the protrusive condylar guidance angles obtained in semi-adjustable articulator. J Indian Prosthodontic Soc 2008, 8(2), 71-7.
Aim bwas to evaluate the effect of 4 different anterior reference points on the protrusive condylar guidance angles in using an articulator. Twelve dentate patients were selected for the study. Hanau Wide Vue (No. 183, Teledyne Water Pik, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA) and corresponding SpringBow (Teledyne Water Pik, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA) were used in the study. Four maxillary casts were obtained for each patient and mounted on a Hanau Wide Vue articulator with the help of a Spring Bow using Orbitale, Orbitale minus 7 mm, and the inferior and superior annular notches of the articulator incisal guide pin as four points of references. The mandibular casts were hand articulated in the maximum intercuspal position. Protrusive records were made using Polyether Bite Registration material (Ramitec, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN), and the articulator was programmed for all the 4 mountings in each patient. The protrusive condylar path angles to Frankfort plane were obtained from lateral cephalometric tracings made in maximum intercuspation and protrusive position for comparison. Statistical analysis was done using paired t test and Wilcoxon's signed rank test (P < 0.05) to make a comparison between the protrusive condylar guidance angles obtained from the interocclusal records with the mountings using 4 different third points of references and those of radiographic tracings..The protrusive condylar guidance values obtained on the casts related to the third point ofreference with the superior annular notch and Orbitale minus 7 mm reference points differed significantly from the radiographic values (P < 0.05). The mean protrusive condylar guidance angles differed from the mean radiographic values in an ascending order: inferior annular notch (-2.4 degrees), Orbitale (5.2 degrees), Orbitale minus 7 mm (13.1 degrees), and superior annular notch (17.0 degrees) respectively (P
9 illus, 3 table, 15 ref
Nileshwar A;Goyal S S
002532 Nileshwar A;Goyal S S (Anaesthesiology Dep, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, Email: anitharshenoy@yahoo.co.in) : Gum elastic bougie versus introducer tool for insertion of pro-seal LMA: a comparative study. J Anaesth clin Pharmac 2008, 24(2), 171-5.
ProSeal LMA is useful in preventing aspiration of gastric contents. The correct position of its oesophageal lumen is important to prevent entry of these contents into the pharynx. In this randomized, controlled prospective study, we compared two techniques for insertion of ProSeal LMA. Sixty patients between 17-65 years, of either gender, undergoing minor surgical procedures were randomly allocated to have ProSeal LMA inserted either by Introducer tool (Group-IT, n = 30) or a gum elastic bougie (Group-GEB, n = 30). The success rate for insertion of ProSeal LMA at first attempt was higher in the GEB-group compared to IT-group (96.67% vs 80%) although overall success was similar in both groups. The frequency of obtaining a Grade 1 or 2 fibreoptic view through the airway tube was significantly higher in the GEB-group (100%) than IT-group (86.2%). Successful placement of ProSeal LMA took longer time with the GEB (40.8 ± 13.6 s )compared to IT( 19.8 ± 12.4 s). Airway seal pressure, attempts at Ryle's tube insertion and incidence of complications was similar in the two groups. GEB-guided insertion achieves better placement and in the first attempt as compared to Introducer tool-guided insertion but takes a longer time.
5 tables, 9 ref
Nilesh Kumar;Mueen Ahmad K K;Dang R;Mallik S; Bimlesh Kumar
002531 Nilesh Kumar;Mueen Ahmad K K;Dang R;Mallik S; Bimlesh Kumar (Pharmacy Dep, Lovely Professional Univ, Jalandhar, Email: mpharmnilesh@gmail.com) : Comparative antioxidant activity of propolis from Indian sub continent using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Biomed 2009, 4(3), 303-6.
Antioxidant compounds in food play an important role as a health-protecting factor. Scientific evidence suggests that antioxidants reduce risk for chronic diseases including cancer and heart disease. Primary sources of naturally occurring antioxidants are whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Plant sourced food antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenes, phenolic acids, phytate and phytoestrogens have been recognized as having the potential to reduce disease risk. The ethanolic extracts of Propolis (EEP) of Gujarat zone caused paralysis of 28 min and time of death of 65 min while EEP of Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Manipur fractions revealed paralysis of 30, 36 and 39 min. and time of death of 70, 74 and 77 min. respectively against the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. Piperazine citrate exhibited similar effects at 16 and 33 min. respectively. The predominant effect if Piperzine citrate on worm is to cause paralysis those results in expulsion of the worm by peristalsis.
1 table, 5 ref
Nigam P K
002530 Nigam P K (Dermatology and STD Dep, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur-492 001, Email: drpknigam@yahoo.co.in) : Adverse reactions to cosmetics and methods of testing. Indian J Derm Vener Lepr 2009, 75(1), 10-19.
Untoward reactions to cosmetics, toiletries, and topical applications are the commonest single reason for hospital referrals with allergic contact dermatitis. In most cases, these are only mild or transient and most reactions being irritant rather than allergic in nature. Various adverse effects may occur in the form of acute toxicity, percutaneous absorption, skin irritation, eye irritation, skin sensitization and photosensitization, subchronic toxicity, mutagenicity/ genotoxicity, and phototoxicity/photoirritation. The safety assessmenToTgfrasmetic product clearly depends upon how it is used, since it determines the amount of substance which may be ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes. Concentration of ingredients used in the different products is also important. Various test procedures include in vivo animal models and in vitro models, such as open or closed patch test, in vivo skin irritation test, skin corrosivity potential tests (rat skin transcutaneous electrical resistance test, Episkin test), eye irritation tests (in vivo eye irritancy test and Draize eye irritancy test), mutagenicity/genotoxicity tests (in vitro bacterial reverse mutation test and in vitro mammalian cell chromosome aberration test), and phototoxicity/photoirritation test (3T3 neutral red uptake phototoxicity test). Finished cosmetic products are usually tested in small populations to confirm the skin and mucous membrane compatibility, and to assess their cosmetic acceptability.
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Nayak R B;Murthy P
002529 Nayak R B;Murthy P (Psychiatry Dep, J N Medical College, and Sonsultant Psychiatrist, KLE Hospital and Medical Research Center, Belgaum 10, Email: rbn.psych@gmail.com) : Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Indian Pediat 2008, 45(12), 977-83.
Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy leads to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in their children. FASD is characterized by typical facial features, growth retardation, intellectual dysfunction and behavioral problems. Alcohol is neurotoxic to the brain during the developmental stage. Behavioral problems in children with FASD start at an early age and progress to adulthood. It is an important preventable cause of intellectual dysfunction and behavioral problems. Reviews current prevalence, clinical features, pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of FASD. It also highlights the need for physicians to be aware of this condition. Articles were searched on the internet using 'fetal alcohol syndrome', 'fetal alcohol spectrum disorders', 'women and alcohol'. Following links were used to locate journals; EBSCO, OVID, Science Direct, PubMed and NIAAA. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to a spectrum of deficits. Though physical features are essential to make the diagnosis of FAS, it is important to note that neurocognitive and behavioural deficits can be present in the absence of physical features (alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder or ARND). Because there is no known safe amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, abstinence from alcohol for women who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy must be strongly advised.
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Nayak B S;Patro B K;Rout P K;Patra S K;Nayak U K
002528 Nayak B S;Patro B K;Rout P K;Patra S K;Nayak U K (Pharmaceutics Dep, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar, Rangpo, East Sikkim-737 136, Email: bhabani143@yahoo.co.in) : Development and characterization of sustained-release bioadhesive tablets of microencapsulated metronidazole for the vaginal use. J pharm Res 2008, 7(3), 161-5.
Study concerns with the development and characterization of metronidazole microcapsules prepared by tnermal change method using ethylcellulose as polymer in different ratios (1:1,1:2 and 1:4 w/ w) and the selected formulation was employed for the manufacture of tablet formulation utilizing a variety of excipient by direct compression method in order to develop sustained release tablet of metronidazole for the vaginal administration. The microcapsules were found to be discrete, spherical with free flowing properties and evaluated for particle size analysis, flow properties, wall thickness, drug-encapsulation efficiency, accelerated stability studies and in vitro release performance. The tablets were evaluated for the determination of hardness, weight variation, diameter, friability test, in vitro drug release, bioadhesion test, swelling index and the in vitro drug release kinetics. The microcapsuies were found within a narrow size range (23-38μm) having higher encapsulation efficiency. In vitro drug release rate for tablet (F4) was found to be sustained over 12 hours obeying zero order kinetics with good bioadhesion quality. Hence it can be concluded that the formulation F4 has potential to deliver metronidazole in a controlled manner over other formulations and can be adopted for a successful delivery of metronidazole for vaginal use.
4 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref
Naresh Kumar;Daga M K;Tarun Kumar;Choudhary N S;Shunmuga Sundaram P
002527 Naresh Kumar;Daga M K;Tarun Kumar;Choudhary N S;Shunmuga Sundaram P (Medicine Dep, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi-110 001) : Valproate-induced hyperammonaemia. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2008, 9(3), 221-3.
Valproate sodium,?is a commonly used antiepileptic drug . It can cause hyperammonaemia, even with its normal serum levels. Valproate-induced hyperammonaemic encephalopathy should be suspected in patients on valproate sodium with altered sensorium.
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Naresh Jyoti;Rai J;Santos Singh
002526 Naresh Jyoti;Rai J;Santos Singh (Pharmacology Dep, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Amritsar, Email: drjaswantrai@gmail.com) : Comparative evaluation of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in patients of dyslipidemia. JK Practnr 2008, 15(1-4), 27-35.
Rosuvastatin is a newer member of statins which is more expensive and frequently prescribed than existing members of this group. The aim of study was to compare the effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on the lipid profile and their safety profile in Indian population with dyslipidemia. This 12 week, open-label, randomized study was conducted at the department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar (Punjab), India. Patients aged 30 to 70 years with dyslipidemia were eligible. Patients were assigned to one of two treatment groups. Group I received atorvastatin and group II received rosuvastatin. Both drugs were given in dose 10mg/d for 12 weeks. The lipid profile (low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), non high density lipoprotein (non HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) were measured before the start of therapy and at 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. Percentage changes from baseline were calculated. Adverse effects (AEs) were recorded at weeks 6,12 and through spontaneous reporting. Sixty patients (31 men, 29 women) were enrolled; 30 patients per treatment group. In group I, the mean percentage decrease in levels of TC, LDL-C, non HDL-C, TG and VLDL-C were 28.15%, 30.77%, 37.28%, 50.75% and 50.75% respectively whereas mean percentage increase in HDL-C level was 32.15%. In group II, mean percentage decrease in levels of TC, LDL-C, non HDL-C, TG and VLDL-C were 42.26%, 49.03%, 51.15%, 60.91% and 60.91% respectively whereas mean percentage increase in HDL-C was 29.26%. Myalgia, nausea, vomiting and headache were the adverse effects observed in both groups. Indian patients with dyslipidemia, rosuvastatin therapy has shown greater favourable changes in lipid profile in comparison to atorvastatin. Adverse effects were almost similar in both groups.
6 illus, 9 tables, 28 ref
Narain N P;Rakesh Kumar;Narain B
002525 Narain N P;Rakesh Kumar;Narain B (Pediatrics Dep, Patna Medical College, Patna, Email: nigampn@gmail.com) : Dyke-davidoff-masson syndrome. Indian Pediat 2008, 45(11), 927-8.
Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is characterized by seizures, facial asymmetry, contralateral hemiplegia and mental retardation. The characteristic radiologic features are cerebral hemiatrophy with homolateral hypertrophy of the skull and sinuses. Report a case of DDMS in an 18-month-old girl who presented with right sided focal seizures, hemiparesis of the same side, and delayed milestones.
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Nampoothiri S;Mahesh K;Hiran K R;Sunitha V
002524 Nampoothiri S;Mahesh K;Hiran K R;Sunitha V (Pediatric Genetics Dep, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Elamakkara PO, Cochin-682 026, Email: sheelaknpn@yahoo.co.in) : Sly disease: mucopolysaccharidosis type VII. Indian Pediat 2008, 45(10), 859-61.
Presents month-old infant with severe mitral regurgitation was found to have hepatosplenomegaly, corneal clouding, and Alder-Reilly granules in the leucocytes. Extremely low levels of β-glucuronidase confirmed the diagnosis of Sly disease (Mucopolysaccharidosis VII). This is the first case of MPS VII reported from India.
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