001275   Idrees M;Shahab D;Khan M A (Botany Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: moin_a_khan11@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of gamma radiation on the chlorophyll content of brinjal. Indian J appl pure Biol 2007, 22(2), 317-18.

The effect of Gamma radiation on tlle chlorophyll content of Solanum melongena L. (Brinjal) was studied. The total chlorophyll content showed no definite trend with increasing doses of gamma rays as compared to normal plants.

1 tables, 10 ref

001274   Hemalatha P;Suresh J;Saraswathi T;Vadivel E (NO, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural, Coimbatore-641 003) : Nutrient content, herbage yield and alkaloid content of kalmegh under integrated nutrient management system. Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 447-51.

Kalmegh is an excellent medicinal plant with multiclinical properties. To study the effect of integrated nutrient management in Kalmegh, seventeen combinations of organic, inorganic nutrients and biofertilizers were experimented at the Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam, Theni District, Tamil Nadu during 2003-2004. The study revealed that application of 15 t FYM ha^-1 + 45: 25 : 25 kg NPK ha^-1 + 1 kg Azospirillum ha^-1 resulted in maximum nutrient content in leaf tissues, herbage yield and andrographolide content of Kalmegh.

2 tables, 13 ref

001273   Gupta D (NO, D.T.M. College of Biosciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan) : Induction of somatic embryogenesis from different explants of cumin (Cuminus cyminum L.). Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 613-16.

Differernt explants of Cuminum cyminum were tested for their embryogenic potential. Root, hypocotyl, cotyle-don and shoot apex explants induced yellow globular embryogenic mass on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mgl^-1 2,4-D. Among these hypocotylar segment responded best. Explant size and cultural conditions of seedlings did not influence much. However, incubation conditions and mechanical treatment caused remark-able difference in quantity and quality of somatic embryos. Somatic embryos were transferred for their further development on different maturation and germination media, but they did not grow beyond heart and torpedo shape. Histology of cultures at each stage confirmed the production of somatic embryos.

3 tables, 21 ref

001272   Gokhale M V (Botany Dep, Rajaram College, Kolhapur-416 004) : Carissa carandus L.: a nutritionally important wild bioresource of south western Maharashtra. Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 379-80.

Carissa carandus L. is common wild plant of south western Maharashtra. It is known for its edible fruits. In Konkan region tender branches and tender leaves are also eaten. Study reports the quantification of some nutritionally important biochemical parameters from tender leaves, tender branches and unripe fruits of Carissa carandus. They are rich in Vitamin C.

1 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

001271   Ghosh S (Botany Dep, M U C Women's College, Burdwan-713 104) : Spermatogenesis in Impatiens balsamina L.. Indian J appl pure Biol 2007, 22(2), 253-7.

The division of the generative nucleus in Impatiens balsamina is, however, reportedly debated and most of the reports are in favour of atypical division. Very condensed state of chromatin, which show up, as deeply stained discrete blocks is possible cause of misinterpretation of the different phases of division of the generative nucleus concluding the division of generative nucleus in this material is an atypical one. This study claims that the division of the generative nucleus is a typical one with distinctly differentiated chromosome set in which the arrangement of the chromosomes is nonrandom. The linear chain of non-homologous chromosomes belonging to a haploid set during anaphase indicates the movement of every chromosome in an orderly fashion by attaching through its telomere to a previous one. Thus, from the present study it appears that one of the haploid set of chromosomes may act as a leader in the orientation of remaining chromosomes as well as in their movement towards the two opposite poles.

9 illus, 10 ref

001270   Ghosh A;Biswas A;Ghosh T;Adhikari S; Bhattacharya A (Krishnagar Govt. College Study Centre, Netaji Subhash Open Univ, Krishnanagar, Nadia, West Bengal-741 101) : Census of vascular plants in Bahadurpur forest (Nadia-Murshidabad division), Nadia, West Bengal. Indian J appl pure Biol 2007, 22(2), 213-22.

The investigation is a reconnaissance to bring out a taxonomic census of forest plants in the Bahadurpur Forest under Nadia-Murshidabad Forest Division of Nadia District, West Bengal. Presents a list of 158 species, 135 species of which are dicotyledonous, 19 species of monocotyledonous and 4 species of pteridophytes. Dicot vis-a-vis monocot ratio at specific level is 1:0.141, at generic level, 1:0.122 and at family level 1:0.104. The species quota for each genus is 1.194 species. Each family is allotted with 2.43 genera and 2.91 species respectively. Generic co-efficient is 83.77. Tree:shrub:herb:climber ratio is 1.88:1.24:2.2:1. Partial abundance of climbers (15.82%) indicates that the forest canopy, at least at some places is somewhat closed.

1 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref,

001269   Ganie S A;Zargar M A;Mir R A;Masood A (PG Dep of Biochemistry, Kashmir Univ, Srinaga-190 006, Email: ma06_zarger@yahoo.co.in) : Inhibition of oxidative DNA damage in vitro by crude extracts of Podophyllum hexandrum. Indian J appl pure Biol 2007, 22(2), 311-14.

Free radicals induce numerous diseases by lipid peroxidation, protein peroxidation and DNA damage. It has been reported that numerous plant extracts have antioxidant activities to scavenge free radicals. The Study reveals the effects of crude aqueous and alcoholic extracts obtained from rhizome of podophyllum hexandrum on DNA cleavage and their free radical scavenging capacity. Calf thymus DNA was treated with oxidants (Ferric nitrate/Ascorbic acid/hydrogen peroxide,Cumen hydroperoxide and Tertiary butyl hydroperoxide) and 70% of DNA damage was observed. Both the extracts showed antioxidant activity but alcoholic extract showed highest protective effect in reducing the oxidative damage to DNA.

1 illus, 1 tables, 18 ref

001268   Dhivaharan V;Thiyagesan K;Madhavan S (School of Life Science, MIcrobiology Dep, Sengamala Thayarr Educational Trust Women's College, Mannargudi-614 001) : Ethnobotanical studies on Thirumeni lake, Mannargudi taluk, Thiruvarur district, Tamil Nadu. Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 591-5.

Reports the occurrence of 113 species, 49 families, 94 genera of ethno medicinal plants present in Thirumeni lake, used by the local Sidha medicine practitioners and by the local people with traditional knowledge for treating various ailments.

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

001267   Datta M M;Jha S (Centre of Advanced Study in Cell and Chromosome Research. Botany Dep, Calcutta Univ, 35, Ballygunge Circular road, 700 019, Email: sjha_123@yahoo.co.in) : Plant Regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in Taxus wallichiana. J Pl Biochem Biotechnol 2008, 17(1), 37-44.

Describes an efficient process for regeneration of Taxus wallichiana (Zucc) plants from callus cultures derived from zygotic embryos. Zygotic embryos cultured on half strength Lloyd and McCown's basal medium supplemented with SH vitamin (1/2 WPMSH), 0.5 mg I^-1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1.0-2.0 mg I^-1 a-Napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) produced compact yellow (CY) callus after 4 weeks of culture. The 8-week-old CY calli (lines CY-A and CY-B) were initially slow growing but proliferated on transfer to WPM basal medium supplemented with 8.0 mg I^-1 2,4-D, 0.1-0.9 mg I^-1 NAA and 0.3-1.0 mg I^-1 BA after 4 weeks. Four morphologically distinct calli lines were obtained, of which only two calli lines, CY-B-FW and CY-B-FY were embryogenic. The 12-week-old callus line CY-B-FW developed globular somatic embryos on transfer to secondary medium after 8 weeks and matured in maturation medium after 4 weeks. Only 10% of the mature somatic embryos regenerated into complete plantlets after 4 weeks on conversion medium. Although the frequency of conversion was low, complete regenerated plantlets via somatic embryogenesis were obtained after 7-8 months of initiation of culture. Taxane analysis showed that the paclitaxel accumulation was higher in embryogenic callus than in non-embryogenic callus.

2 illus, 5 tables, 42 ref

001266   Dar F A;Katiyar K;Singh L;Kishor K (Microbioogy & Biotechnology Dep, Doon (PG) Paramedical College and Hospital, Dehradun) : Antimicrobial activity of root extracts of Withania somnifera against pathogenic bacteria. Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 385-7.

Withania somnifera, an important medicinal herb is known for building greater endurance and curing rheumatism, leprosy and arthritis. Alkaloids and steroidal lactones are the main constitutents of root extracts of Withania somnifera. Benzene and Ethanol extracts of root were found to possess high to moderate antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria, as revealed by in vitro Disc diffusion method followed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration. In the study, high inhibitory activity of various extracts has been observed against Salmonella typhi, Staphylocoaus aureus, Serratia rubidaea and Lactobacillus sp. These results could be used to control infections due to these pathogens.

2 tables, 16 ref

001265   Chaudhary B L;Rana S (Bryology Lab, Botany Dep, College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur-313 001, Email: s.s.rana@rediffmail.com) : Occurrence of Hyophila brid. from Banswara (Wagad region) of Rajasthan, India. Indian J appl pure Biol 2007, 22(2), 235-9.

Three species of Hyophila have been collected from Banswara Rajasthan. These are Hyophila comosa Dix et Varde; H. involuta(Hook). Jaeg., and, H. rosea Williams. This is the first consolidated record of these mosses from this region of Rajasthan.

3 illus, 5 ref

001264   Chaudhary B L;Changeriwal K (Botany Dep, College of Science, M L Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur-313 001, Email: kusumchangeriwal@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of sucrose, glucose and fructose on spore germination of Riccia gangetica Ahmad. Indian J appl pure Biol 2007, 22(2), 199-203.

Effect of sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) was studied on the percentage of spore germination of Riccia gangetica. Results are presented in Table 1, under 2.0 % concentration of sucrose it shows the maximum germination, whereas in glucose maximum germination was at 1.0% concentration. However fructose shows maximum spore germination at 0.5 % concentration. Finally it was found that sucrose serves as the best carbohydrate source for germination, followed by glucose and fructose.

1 illus, 1 tables, 8 ref

001263   Buragohain J;Konwar B K (NO, Namrup College, P.O. Parbatpur-786 623, Email: jitu_buragohain@yahoo.co.uk) : Efficient and relible method of DNA extraction from Meyna spinosa - a traditional medicinal plant from north-east India. J Pl Biochem Biotechnol 2008, 17(1), 103-5.

Simple, efficient and reliable CTAB method is standardized for genomic DNA isolation from fresh young leaves of a traditional medicinal plant Meyna spinosa. Key steps in the modified procedure include additional chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (24:1, v/v) extraction, addition of 4% PVP in the extraction buffer and an overnight isopropanol precipitation at room temperature. This procedure yields a high amount (46 μig DNA g ^-1 fresh leaf tissue) of good quality DNA free from contaminants. The isolated DNA is suitable for digestion with EcoRI and Hindlll restriction enzymes and can be used in other DNA manipulation techniques.

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

001262   Barshile J D;Auti S G;Sagade A B;Apparao B J (Botany Dep, Shri Anand College, Pathardi-414 102) : Induced genetic variability for yield contributing traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) employing EMS, SA and GR. Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 663-7.

Attempt was made to induce genetic variability in yield contributing, quantitative traits of two popularly grown chickpea varieties, Vijay and Vishwas, employing three well known mutagens, sodium azide (SA), ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and gamma radiation (GR). The objective was to assess the phenotypic and geno-typic coefficients of variances and evaluate the heritability and genetic advance of these induced traits for their suitability in breeding programmes aimed at genetic improvement of chickpea. Seeds of these two varieties were treated with three different concentrations/doses of SA (2,3 and 4 mM), EMS (8, 12 and 16 mM) and gamma radiations (400, 500 and 600 Gy). The mutagen administered seeds were sown in the field to raise M1 progeny. Seeds collected from the Mt plants were sown in the field to raise M2 progeny. The M2 progeny were screened for genetic variability of six yield contributing traits viz., plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and 100 seed weight. Results indicated that all mutagenic treatments were effective in inducing genetic variability in yield contributing traits in both the varieties, in M2 generation. Lowest concentration of SA (2 mM) promoted plant height, plant spread, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight, in both the varieties. All other concentrations of SA and all treatments of EMS as well as gamma radiation caused a reduction in these quantitative traits. The extent of effect was dose dependent. Only notable exception was in the variety Vishwas, in which 8 mM EMS and 400 Gy GR promoted 100 seed weight. The differential response of varieties, observed in the present investigation, indicate that the variety Vishwas is more sensitive to the mutagens than the variety Vijay. Statistical analysis revealed increased phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) than genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) for all the six quantitative traits studied. The difference between phenotypic and the genotypic coefficient of variation for all traits was very small indicating that these traits were less influenced by the environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance, observed for traits such as plant spread, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant, offer wide scope for selection in breeding programmes aimed at genetic imporvement of chickpea.

3 tables, 20 ref

001261   Badruzzaman Siddiqui M;Sisodia S (Botany Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: b.siddiqui@rediffmail.com ) : Allelopathic impacts of Hyptis Suaveolens Poit. on Acalypha indica Linn.. Indian J appl pure Biol 2007, 22(2), 399-402.

Deals with the allelopathic chemical extracted from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens Poit. using various solvent systems. The Acalypha indica Linn, was treated with various extract fractions thus obtained. Various growth parameters viz., carbohydrate content, protein content and chlorophyll content were studied.

1 tables, 11 ref

001260   Auti B K;Jagdale P E (NO, Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra) : Medico-botanical studies on some angiosperms from eastern part of Mula dam Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra state. Adv Pl Sci 2008, 21(2), 603-5.

Mula dam region is rich in deciduous plants of Angiosperms. No medicobotanical work has been undertaken so far in this area. Therefore, an attempt is being made for enumerating the medicinally important plants. The present work reports 50 species belonging to 27 families. Their medico-botanical uses were overviewed with the help of local informants and from literature available.

18 ref

000436   Zhao H;Peng S;Wu J;Xiao H;Chen B (NO, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, State Key Lab of Biocontrol, Sun, Guangzhou, 510275, China, Email: zhaohb04mails) : Allelopathic potential of native plants on invasive plant Mikania micrantha H.B.K. in south China. Allelopathy J 2008, 22(1), 189-95.

Allelopathy is one of the main mechanisms for the successful invasion of Mikania micrantha H.B.K. As an alien, M. micmntha has not co-evolved with native plants, but it releases the allelochemicals that suppress their growth. On the other hand, native allelopathic species might also have allelopathic potential against the invasive plants. Evaluates the allelopathic potential of 6-native plants (Castanopsis chinensis Hance, Dicranopteris pedata (Houtt.) Nakaike, Heteropanax fragrans (Roxb.) Seem, Macaranga tanarius L., Paspalum conjugatum Berg, and Solanum nigrum L.) and one exotic plant (Bidens pilosa L.) on M. micrantha. Finds that M. micrantha was sensitive to the allelopatic effects of native plants. The extracts of B. pilosa and D. pedata, strongly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of M. micrantha. Hence, allelochemicals of these plants need to be isolated for use as biological herbicides to control this weed.

2 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

000435   Yadav R K;Yadav A S (Post Graduate Dep of Botany, R.R. College, Alwar-301 001, Email: atarsingh_1010@rediffmail.com ) : Phenology of selected woody species in a tropical dry deciduous forest in Rajasthan, India. Trop Ecol 2008, 49(1), 25-34.

Phenological observations were taken for 26 woody species for three years in the Bala-fort tropical dry deciduous thorn forest located in north-eastern Rajasthan (27°4' to 28°4' N and 76°7' to 77° 13' E) in NW India. The phenological behavior of most of the woody species was almost similar in different years, however, drought conditions affected the various phenophases of several species. Leaf- fall in majority of woody species began in October with a peak in November and December. Leaf initiation began in February with a peak in May before pre-monsoon showers. Delayed leaf-initiation and leaf fall in response to the drought of 2002 was observed in several woody species. Flowering activity in these species continued throughout the year with two peaks; one in March and April and the second in July and August. Flowering in most of the woody species was not affected by the drought of 2002. Although the peak of fruit maturation for these species was observed in September and October, the dehiscence of fruits was completed before pre-monsoon showers in June.

3 tables, 37 ref

000434   Yadav N;Vasudeva N;Singh S;Sharma S K (Pharmacognosy Div, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheswar Univ, Hisar-125 001, Email: drsks_gjuhsr@yahoo.co.in) : Medicinal properties of genus Chenopodium Linn.. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(2), 131-4.

In Ayurveda Chenopodium Linn, is well-known for its applications in the treatment of various ailments like pectoral complaints, cough, abdominal pain, pulmonary obstruction and in nervous affections. On the basis of recent pharmacological studies some additional medicinal properties of various species of the genus have been established. An attempt has been made to summarize the traditional uses and reported biological activities of the genus for further studies.

2 tables, 26 ref

000433   Tesio F;Vidotto F;Weston L A;Ferrero A (Dipartimento di Agronomia, Selvicoltura e Gestione del Territorio, Universita degli Studi di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinic 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy, Email: franco.tesio@unito.it) : Allelopathic effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Helianthus tuberosus L.. Allelopathy J 2008, 22(1), 47-58.

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a perennial herbaceous species containing allelopathic compounds. In a laboratory study, aqueous extracts of H. tuberosus were obtained by soaking dried leaf tissues in water for 7 h and compared with the adoption of a mechanical homogenizer. A second study was done with extracts at concentrations corresponding to 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20% w/w of fresh leaves obtained from fresh, dried or frozen leaf tissues. The weeds Echinochloa crus-galli and Chenopodium album were used as indicator species in the first study. Digitaria sanguinalis and Zea mays were also included as indicator species in the second study. The impact of extracts was assessed in terms of total germination, speed of accumulated germination and seedling root and shoot length of the indicator species. Phytotoxic effects were observed both with the adoption of water soaking and with the mechanical homogenizer, with a reduction of total germination greater than 50% and 60% in C. album and E. crus-galli, respectively. In the second study, significant reduction in at least some of the germination indices was observed in all the indicator species, particularly at 20% extract concentration. Only in some cases differences between extracts obtained from fresh, dried or frozen leaf tissues were found. Extracts from dried leaves were generally the most effective in inhibiting germination of E. crus-galli and D. sanguinalis. None of the tested extracts reduced germination and root length of Z mays. Single comparisons to control and a whole-range assessment performed using WESIA software pointed out that H. tuberosus leaf extracts generally affected more the speed of germination than total germination.

35 ref, 4 tables

000432   Tag H;Das A K;Loyi H (Higher Plant Systematic and Ethnomedicine Station, Rajiv Gandhi Univ, Rono Hills, Izatnagar-791 112, Email: huitag@yahoo.co.in) : Anti-inflammatory plants used by the Khamti tribe of Lohit district in eastern Arunachal Pradesh, India. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(4), 334-40.

The pristine forest of Lohit valley, about 500 km journey towards east from Arunachal's capital city Itanagar fall within Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot is mainly characterized by its rich wealth of medicinal plant diversity. This valuable medicinal plant wealth in wilderness is mostly guarded by the traditional wisdom of four ethnic communities inhabited in the valley such as Tai Khamti, Singpho, Mishmi and Chakma. The Tai Kharntis are originally belonging to the - Royal Tai family of Southeast Asia and have acquired a high degree of knowledge on herbal medicines in comparison to rest of areas in the valley. The 26 species of plants exclusively based on first hand ethnobotanical field reports and have been critically screened out as anti-inflammatory and wound healing agents.

1 tables, 33 ref

000431   Srivastava S K;Rawat A K S;Mehrotra S; Pushpangadam P (Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Div, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Email: sharad_ks2003@yahoo.com) : Botanical standardization of three commercially important Curcuma species. J scient ind Res 2007, 66(6), 450-56.

Amraharidra, botanically equated to Curcuma amada (Family, Zingiberaceae), is an important drug of Ayurveda. Rhizomes of other species (C. aromatica and C. zecloaria) of this genus, being rich in essential oil contents, are sold in herbal drug markets by the same vernacular name. The study is aimed to standardize botanically all these three species for their authenticity, identity and validity.

3 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

000430   Singh R;Goyal S C (Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Botany and Plant Physiology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: goyal_sc@yahoo.co.in) : Micropropagation of Salvadora oleoides Dence from nodal explants of mature tree. J Pl Biol 2007, 34(3), 155-9.

Method of obtaining plants from nodal explants of Salvadora oleoides Decne (Jhal), an under-exploited tree of medicinal value has been developed. Nodal explants grown on MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.1 mg/l) produced maximum number of shoots (8-18) per node. Shoots (4.0 cm or longer) developed in vitro were rooted on MS medium containing IBA (.1.0 mg/l). The regenerated plantlets have been acclimatized and transferred to soil for normal growth under field conditions with 70-80% success. Continuous trials using explants from mature trees throughout the year showed that the period between August and October was the best season for explant source for rapid and mass multiplication of axillary buds.

1 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

000429   Singh G;Rathod T R;Mutha S;Upadhyaya S;Bala N (Forest Ecology Div, Arid Research Institute, New Pali Road, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: singh_gdr@yahoomail.com) : Impact of different tree species canopy on diversity and productivity of understorey vegetation in Indian desert. Trop Ecol 2008, 49(1), 13-23.

Community biomass of understorey vegetation under widely scattered trees of Prosopis cineraria, P. juliflora, Azadirachta indica and Acacia nilotica was assessed with the objectives to monitor diversity-productivity relation and to utilize positive interactions in silvopastoral and agroforestry systems. There was 83 to 88% reduction in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and 9 to 22% reduction in soil water content (SWC) in plots under tree canopy than in control plots. Species richness and species evenness were highest under A. nilotica and P. juliflora, respectively, whereas diversity index and species dominance were highest under A. indica and P. cineraria, respectively. Average population and community biomass was 3.1 and 2.9-fold higher under P. cineraria than in the control plots, whereas these variables were lowest under A. nilotica. plots. Smaller population size and higher community biomass in P. juliflora compared to that in the A. nilotica and control plots was due to compensatory growth of Peristrophe paniculata (50% of total dry biomass) and reduced regeneration and population of species susceptible to P. juliflora. Negative value of relative neighbour effects (RNE) for population size and biomass in all the systems indicated facilitative effects of trees on vegetation productivity. Study indicated weak negative correlation between species richness and community biomass indicating interspecies competition. However, the increased productivity in tree canopy zone indicated that tree integration with grass would increase the productivity of pastureland in dry areas. P. cineraria is the best tree species for pasturelands with highest biomass of under canopy vegetation.

6 tables, 30 ref

000428   Sarada K;Prakasa Rao C G (NO, Sri Sathya Sai Univ, Anantpur Campus, Anantapur-515 001) : Anti microbial activity of essential oils of Adhatoda vasika (basaka) fresh and shade dried leaves and roots from Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. J microbial Wld 2008, 10(1), 86-90.

Leaves and roots of Adhatoda vasika (Basaka) Acanthaceae a common weed abundantly available in Anantapur District, Andhra pradesh, is used in the preparation of herbal drags. The essential oils obtained from fresh and shade dried leaves and roots have also been reported to be anti-microbial and anti-helminthtic in nature. In the present study it is found that fresh leaves and roots yielded more oil than the shade dried leaves and roots. The major components were found to be a-phellandrene (56.23%), longifolene (25.10%) and a-cedrene (18.67%) from stems; and longifolene (25.12%), a-cedrene (16.67%) and a-phellandrene (58.21%) from roots respectively. Further studies on anti-microbial properties of the essential oils obtained by hydro distillation (both fresh and shade dried leaves and roots) showed more antimicrobial activity against Bacillus, cereus; Bacillus subtilis; Escherichia coli, Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermoacidophilus and more anti fungal activity against Acremonium vitis; Aspergillus falvipes; Curvularia lunata, Fusarium udum and Trichothecium roseum. The percentages of major constituents were studied by GC analysis.

4 tables, 8 ref

000427   Rua M A;Nijjer S;Johnson A;Rogers W E;Siemann E (Curriculum in Ecology, North Univ of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA, Email: megrua@email.unc.edu) : Experimental approaches to test allelopathy: A case study using the invader Sapium sebiferum. Allelopathy J 2008, 22(1), 1-13.

Allelopathy occurs when plants release chemicals that inhibit neighboring plants. Invaders can have particularly effective allelochemicals which facilitate invasions. Allelopathy tests often compare the leaf extracts to water controls or employ activated carbon to neutralize allelochemicals. Each has limited power to detect the relative allelopathic effects of native versus exotic species. Uses these approaches, combined with a new approach using interspecific leaf extract mixtures with all but one leaf extract treated with activated carbon, to test the allelopathic role of Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum) in invasions. Uses foliar leaf extracts of Sapium and three native tree species and seeds of Sapium, two other exotic species and two native species. measured seed germination and seedling growth. Results indicated that allelopathy does not contribute to Sapium's invasive success. Effects of Sapium leaf extracts were within the range of native species of activated carbon on Sapium leaf extracts. The effect of non-carbon treated Sapium leaf extract was within the range for native species and statistically indistinguishable in the mixtures. Together these results demonstrate the variety of experimental designs that can be used to investigate allelopathy and invasions.

2 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

000426   Rizvi R H;Khare D;Dhillon R S (NO, National Research Centre for Agroforestry, Jhansi-284 003, Email: rhrizvi@nrcaf.ernet.in) : Statistical models for aboveground biomass of Populus detoides planted in agroforestry in Harayana. Trop Ecol 2008, 49(1), 35-42.

Non-linear models were constructed and validated for aboveground biomass of Populus deltoides planted in agroforestry in the northern state of Haryana, India. Independent data sets were used for construction and validation of models. Six models were separately fitted using 'D' and 'D²H' as explanatory variables; where, H - height of tree (m) and D-diameter at breast height (em). Both variables were highly correlated with the aboveground biomass (B). The model B = 0.936 D^1.809 was found to be a good fit (R²=0.914, MSE=840.432). Mean absolute error of predictions was 10,52 kg with model efficiency of 94,9 percent. Besides, the logistic model B = 639.186 [1 + exp (1.515- 1.261 D²H)]^-1 was adjudged best (R²=0.963, MSE= 375.594) with mean absolute error of predictions 7.20 kg and model efficiency of 98,4 percent. The model fitted using variable 'D²H' was better in predictions than model fitted using variable 'D', but the former model may not be used when it is difficult to measure the tree height.

8 illus, 8 tables, 25 ref

000425   Raveendra Retnam K;John De Britto A (Botany Dep, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai-627 002, Email: retnam@sancharnet.in) : Antimicrobial activity of a medicinal plant Hibanthus enneaspermus (Linn.) F. Muell.. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(5), 366-8.

The investigation deals with the antimicrobial activity of a medicinal plant Hybanthus enneaspermus (Linn.) F. Muell., against two Gram positive bacteria, viz. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and five Gram negative bacteria, viz. Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Citrobacter freundii. Two active fractions were isolated from the benzene extract of the plant. The antimicrobial activity justifies its use in traditional medicine.

2 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

000424   Rao P B;Kaur A;Tewari A (Biological Sciences Dep, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture&, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: bhaskar_20032005@yahoo.co.in) : Drought resistance in seedlings of five important tree species in Tarai region of Uttarakhand. Trop Ecol 2008, 49(1), 43-52.

The effect of moisture on seedling growth of Albizzia lebbek Benth., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit., Shorea robusta Gaertn.f. and Tectona grandis L. was evaluated in the Tarai region of Uttarakhand, India during 2002-2004. Seedlings raised in polyethylene bags containing about 4 kg of garden soil were subjected to four watering frequencies by irrigating daily and at 7, 14 and 21 days intervals, respectively designated as no stress, intermediate, high and very high stress. Periodical observations began one month after seedling establishment. Seedling height and dry biomass decreased at very high stress in all species. The reduction (relative to no stress) in height and biomass was maximum in L. leucocephala (75.8% and 99.8%) and minimum in A. lebbek (53.8% and 81.6%). The average single leaf area also decreased significantly with increasing water stress. The specific leaf area increased with increasing water stress in all species except for S. robusta, which showed a reverse pattern. The leaf area ratio increased along with moisture stress (except for S. robusta). A reverse pattern was found in relative growth rate and net assimilation rate in all species (except for S. robusta and T. grandis). Under very high stress, L. leucocephala maintained higher ψ and proline content and A. lebbek showed lower values indicating, respectively, their drought resistance and susceptibility. The osmotic adjustment in different species under very high stress was in the order: L. leucocephala > T. grandis > D. sissoo > S. robusta and > A. lebbek. Generally, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate decreased and stomatal resistance increased in very high water stress compared to no stress in all species. The percent reduction (relative to maximum) in photosynthesis under severe moisture stress was highest in A. lebbek and lowest in L. leucocephala and T. grandis, whereas transpiration rate was highest in T. grandis and lowest in L. leucocephala indicating that the latter is more drought resistant.

9 illus, 2 tables, 42 ref

000423   Ragunathan M;Weldegerima B (Medicinal Plant Documentation Unit, Pharmacognosy Dep, School of Pharmacy, Gondar Univ, Post Box 196, North Gondar, Ethiopia, Email: ragunathranilmonica@yahoo.com) : Medico ethno botany; a study on the Amhara ethnic group of Gondar district of north Gondar zone Ethiopia. J nat Remedies 2007, 7(2), 200-6.

The objective of this study was to document Medico ethno botanical information of medicinal plants in Amhara ethnic group of Gondar district in North Gondar zone of Ethiopia. Based on the local utilization and indigenous knowledge provided by the ethnic group, the therapeutic uses of important medicinal plants was documented for future biological screening. Field survey and personal discussion methods have been used in collection of data and the medico ethno botanical information was collected by under going field trips to different villages of the district. A list of 24 flowering plants belonging to 22 genera and 18 families which are applied for therapeutic usage by the Amhara ethnic group of Gondar. Vernacular names, ethno medicinal use, mode of preparation, and application to treat diseases are focused here.

7 ref

000422   Periyanayagam K;Saravanan K S;Ismail M (Pharmacognosy Dep, Institute of Microbiology madurai Medical College, Madurai-625 020, Email: sundarksharan@rediffmail.com) : Dechitinising property of Caesalpinia bonduc (Linn.) Roxb. against Culex quinquefasciatus. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(4), 290-2.

The fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus were exposed to the petroleum ether and ethanolic extract of the leaves of Caesalpinia bonduc (Linn.) Roxb. The larvicidal activity was prominent and 100% mortality was observed in 1 % concentration of both the extracts. Moreover, both the extracts caused thinning of chitin of the larvae exposed, which may be the reason for mortality of the larvae. The chitin thickness in the treated larvae was measured at various parts like head, thorax, abdomen, siphon tube and compared with that of the control. Further work is in progress to isolate the active constituent responsible for the dechitinising property.

1 table, 9 ref

000421   Pawar S;Patil D A (Botany Dep, Pratap College, Amainer-425 401) : Ethnomedicinal uses of barks in Jalgaon district. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(4), 341-6.

The ethnobotanical surveys were conducted during June 1997 to 2004 in Jalgaon district of Maharashtra. The tribes such as Bhil, Pawara, Tadvi and Vanjari inhabit in the district, apart from other rural people. Information on 37 angiospermic species belonging to 31 genera of 22 families was gathered on ethnomedicinal uses of barks. Their botanical identity, family, local names, parts used, preparations and doses, if any. It was observed that tribal people use barks of various trees in the form of decoction, infusion, extract, paste, poultice, powder, etc. Various human diseases treated were verified from the local tribal medicine men, elder ladies, head of hamlets and other rural informants. Further research on scientific line is, however, desirable to improvise their authenticity which would lead to discovery of new molecules and potential sources of drugs.

1 table, 11 ref

000420   Patil S L;Patil D A (P.G. Dep of Botany, S.S.V.P.S.S.L.K. Dr. P.R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule-424 005) : Ethnomedicinal plants of Dhule district, Maharashtra. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(2), 148-51.

Fifty plant species belonging to 32 families of angiosperms find place in ethnomedicinal utility in Dhule district (Maharashtra, India) to treat various human diseases. Information on plant and part(s) used, local name, diseases and formulations has been provided. Medicinal uses of about 37 species are unreported earlier. Further, scientific evaluation is needed for these widely used herbal drugs.

1 table, 9 ref

000419   Paridhavi M;Agrawal S S (NO, T.V.M. College of Pharmacy, Gandhi Nagar, Bellary-583 101, Email: paridhavin@yahoo.co.in ) : Safety evelution of a polyherbal formulation, Zuroor-e-qula. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(4), 286-9.

Zuroor-e-Qula, a powdered polyherbal Unani formulation, known to possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties is recommended in cases of stomatitis and gastric ulceration. The freshly prepared formulation was evaluated for its mineral contents, microbial count, aflatoxins and pesticide residues. The result ravealed that this formulation is free from such contaminants and its use is safe.

14 ref

000418   Panigrahi J;Behera M;Maharana S;Mishra R R (Plant Tissu Culture Laboratory, Biotechnology Div, Majhighariani Institute of Technology and Science, Sriram Vihar, Rayagada-765 001, Email: jogesh_ck@yahoo.co.in) : Biomolecular changes during in vitro organogenesis of Asteracantha longifolia (L.) nees-A medicinal herb. Indian J expl Biol 2007, 45(10), 911-19.

High frequency plant regeneration in A. longifolia (L.) was achieved from leaf explant implanted on MS basal medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/l) + BA (2.0 mg/1) through intervening callus phase. Well-developed shoots (>3cm) were successfully rooted on MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.1 mg/l). Protein and total soluble sugar contents were maximum during organogenesis and multiple shoot induction phase compared with non-organogenic callus and root induction phase. Esterase and catalase activities were maximum during organogenic differentiation, while activities were minimum at non-differentiated callus stages. Peroxidase activities were higher during rhizogenesis. Contradiction to peroxidase activity, acid phosphatase activities were high during organogenesis and declined during rhizogenesis. SDS-PAGE analysis of total soluble proteins revealed expression of non-organogenic callus (97.9 kDa), organogenic callus (77.2, 74.1, 21.9 kDa), multiple shoot induction phase (106.6, 26.9, 11.6 kDa) and root induction phase (15.9 kDa) specific polypeptides. Esterase zymogram revealed one band (Rm 0.204) appeared in both organogenic callus and multiple shoot induction phase. Peroxidase zymogram detected two stage specific bands, one band (Rm 0.42) was specific to root induction phase, while another (Rm 0.761) was specific to multiple shoot induction. Catalase and acid phosphatase zymogram resolved one band (Rm 0.752 and 0.435, respectively) in differentiated stages including both multiple shoot induction phase and root induction phase, but absent in undifferentiated phases.

3 illus, 3 tables, 49 ref

000417   Paliwal S;Chauhan R;Siddiqui A A;Paliwal S; Sharma J (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304 022, Email: paliwalsarvesh@yahoo.com) : Evalution of antifungal activity of Salvadora persica Linn. leaves. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(5), 372-4.

Invasive fungal infections are significant causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in immune-compromised patients. In vitro antifnngal activity of dried leaf extract of Salvadora persica Linn, was assessed zgainsiAspergillus niger, A.flavus,A. xylinium and Candida albicans by zone of inhibition method using Clotrimazole as'a positive control. The leaf extract was found active against all three species of Aspergillus but the extract did not show significant activity against C. albicans.

1 tables, 14 ref

000416   Nidagundi R;Hegde L (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Dep, R.R.C. College of Horticulture (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad), Arabavi-591 310, Email: hegdeelax@rediffmail.com) : Cultivation prospects of german chamomile in South India. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(2), 135-7.

German chamomile, Matricaria chamomilla Linn, is used both in traditional and modern systems of medicines. It is an ingredient of several traditional Unani and Homoeopathic medicinal preparations. Blue oil extracted from dry capitula is highly valued in international trade. It is an introduced crop in India and mainly cultivated in Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesli and Assam. It is a crop of 4-6 months mainly propagated by seeds either by transplanting or by direct sowing. It is also being grown in South India on experimental basis. In northern dry zone of Karnataka under Ghataprabha river command area, it recorded fresh flower yield of 6.3 5 tonnes/ha and dry flower yield of 1.88 tonnes/ha with the spacing of 30 X 20cm. The crop seems to be very hardy as there are no pests and diseases recorded in this crop during the crop growth. However, aphids are seen but not serious to reduce the crop yield significantly. The trials are underway to study the effect of different dates of planting on growth, yield and quality of chamomile under this situation. Cultivation prospects of this medicinal and aromatic crop has been discussed for encouraging commercial cultivation in South Indian region.

9 ref

000415   Mukhopadhyay R;Reddy P S;Pallela R;Chakra Reddy N;Venkateswara Rao J;Hash C T;Kavi Kishor P B (Genetics Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: pbkavi@yahoo.com) : Differential responses of proline, ion accumulation and antioxidative enzyme activities in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] lines differing in salt sensitivity. J Pl Biol 2007, 34(3), 185-92.

Ten-day-old seedlings of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] mapping populations differing in their salinity tolerance levels were exposed to 0 and 150 mM NaCl concentrations for short durations of time (0 to 144 h) to assess the pattern of accumulation of proline, glutathione, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl^- contents and their antioxidative enzyme activities. Salt-tolerant lines accumulated more proline and K⁺ than the susceptible ones pointing their accumulation as a possible mechanism of salt tolerance. Specific activities of CAT, SOD and GR were higher in tolerant compared to the sensitive lines under salt stress conditions. High GST activity was noticed in the moderately tolerant line while the increase was transient (till 48 h) in the tolerant line. Lipid peroxidation as measured by MDA levels remained more or less same in the salt-sensitive line ICMB 90111, while it increased considerably in the tolerant line under salt stress till 96 h. The above comparative studies suggest that salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines of pearl millet possess differential oxidative components of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic machinery for scavenging ROS generated during salt stress.

2 illus, 2 tables, 33 ref

000414   Mukhopadhyay A;De D;Sarkar M;Bambawale O M (Entomology Research Unit, Zoology Dep, North Bengal Univ, Darjeeling-734 013, Email: dr_amukherjee_nbu@rediffmail.com) : New record of baculovirus in Buzura suppressria Guen. in India. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(5), 375-76.

The looper caterpillar, Buzura suppressaria Guen. is one of the major defoliating pests of tea plantations of North-East India, causing heavy crop losses. The pest is of endemic nature, with four to five broods, each of 50-60 days duration ina year. Maximum'damage takes place during pre-monsoon period (March to June) followed by a reduction in monsoon months and again a slow pickup during the winter months. A large-scale mortality of B. suppressaria is Known during rainy season since many years in the tea plantations of the Darjeeling foothills. Natural mortality of the pest, reported earlier, wassuspected to be due to bacterial infection only but confirmed that it can also be due to Baculovirus, which is being reported from Darjeeling Terai of India for the first time.

1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

000413   Mathur M;Sundaramoorthy S (Botany Dep, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Email: jnvusundar@rediffmail.com) : Distribution pattern and growth assessment of Corchorus depressus in semi arid Indian desert. Trop Ecol 2008, 49(1), 69-71.

1 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

000412   Mandal K;Sanjay Kumar;Agarwal B K;Sharma A (Soil Science & Agril Chemistey Dep, BAU, Ranchi-834 006) : Nodulation and survival of acid tolerant soybean Rhizobia in acid soils. J Res-Birsa Agric Univ 2006, 18(2), 209-14.

Two acid tolerant soybean rhizobia (BDKS₃ and BOS₁) incorporated with streptomycin resistance marker (str^r) were evaluated under green house conditions for their survival (in rhizosphere), adhesion (on rhizosphere), effective nodulation and dry matter production by homologous host in acid soils of pH 4.6 and 5.5. A better survival of the isolates was noticed at pH 5.5. Isolate BDS₁ was superior in respect of better survival in the rhizosphere, increase adhesion on roots and inducing effective nodulation and dry matter yield by the homologous hosts.

3 tables, 9 ref

000411   Maiti P P;Bhakat R K;Bhattacharjee A (Botany Dep, Burdwan Univ, Burdwan-713 104, Email: parthapratimmaity78@yahoo.co.in) : Allelopathic effects of Lantana camara on physio-biochemical parameters of Mimosa pudica seeds. Allelopathy J 2008, 22(1), 59-68.

The influence of leaf extracts and leaf leachates of Lantana camara weed on the germination and metabolism of another weed Mimosa pudica. The extracts and leachates reduced the germination, speed of germination, seed viability and seedling emergence capacity of Mimosa seeds. The insoluble carbohydrate, protein, DNA and RNA and activities of dehydrogenase, catalase, peroxidase enzymes contents were significantly reduced. While, Arnino acid, soluble carbohydrate levels (in seed leachates and seed kernels) and activity of amylase enzyme was increased in seeds pretreated with leaf extracts and leaf leachates.

3 illus, 22 ref, 4 tables

000410   Mahida Y;Mohan* J S S (Biosciences Dep, Sardar Patel Univ, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, Email: jssmohan@hotmail.com ) : Screening of plants for their potential antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp.. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(4), 301-5.

Methanol extracts of 23 plants were screened for their antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria, viz. Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi A to find out an alternative source of active principles/compounds. The extracts of Cryptolepis buchanani (Linn.) Roem. & Schult, Mangifera indica Linn., Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis linn, exhibited significant antibacterial activity with MIC value of-1-8 mg/ml.

4 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

000409   Li G;Zeng R S;Li H;Yang Z;Xin G;Yuan J;Yi Luo (College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural Univ, Guangzhou 510642, China, Email: adsyzy@mail.sysu.edu.cn) : Allelopathic effects of decaying Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) residues on rice. Allelopathy J 2008, 22(1), 15-24.

Italian ryegrass - rice rotation system that cultivates Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflroum Lam.) in paddy field during the winter season as the preceding crop of early rice has been widely accepted in Southern China. However, in the early stages, the growth of rice was decreased after Italian ryegrass cultivation. Allelopathic effects of the decaying Italian ryegrass residues on rice and its allelopchemicals were investigated in this study. A greenhouse experiment showed that incorporation of Italian ryegrass residues in the soil significantly inhibited the tillering of rice. The highest inhibitions of rice tillers were 44.3% and 36.7% for incorporation in-situ and ex-situ treatments, respectively. In a bioassay, both the aqueous leachates and organic solvent extracts of decaying Italian ryegrass residues inhibited the root growth of rice seedlings. Allelochemicals were isolated and identified from the aqueous leachates of decaying Italian ryegrass residues. One of the allelochemicals was identified as benzenepropanoic acid based on MS, 'H NMR and ¹³C NMR data. Benzenepropanoic acid significantly inhibited the elongation of rice seedling roots at the concentrations ≥0.1 mM, whereas restrained the shoots only when its concentration reached 1 mM.

4 illus, 34 ref

000408   Koul V K;Koul S (NO, Indian Institute of integrative Medicine, CSIR, Canal Road, jammu-180 001, Email: vkoulchem@yahoo.com) : Process optimization for the extraction of hyperforin and hypericin from St. John's wort. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(4), 293-6.

St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforation Linn.), native to Europe and South America, grows wild in temperate and central parts of India. It has been used as a medicinal plant since ancient times for ulceration of kidneys, jaundice, gout and rheumatism. The antidepressant activity of St. John's Wort extract has sparked great interest in the chemistry and biochemistry of its constituents, hyperforin and hypericin. The process described in this paper outlines the extraction of hyperforin by solvent hexane and thereafter extraction of hypericin from marc by commercial ethanol. The process parameters optimized for both the extractions are: solvent/plant material ratio, temperature, number of extractions and time for each extraction. Optimization was carried out by performing different sets of experiments (on 15kg scale) and varying one parameter at a time for each set of experiment. Depending on quality of plant material, under optimum conditions (i) Hexane extraction yielded 4 to 5% residue containing up to 38% hyperforin, and (ii) Ethanol extraction yielded 20 to 22% residue containing up to 2.5% hypericin.

2 tables, 7 ref

000407   Kotoky R;Pathak M G;Kanjilal P B (Medicinal Div, Aromatic and Economic Plants, North-East institute of Science and Technology (formerly) Regional Res, Email: kanjilalpb2001@yahoo.co.in) : Physico-chemical characteristics of seed oils of some Litsea species found in North-East India. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(4), 297-300.

Seeds of six species of genus Litsea Lam. (Family- Lauraceae), viz. L. angustifolia Hook, f., L. cubeba (Lour.) Pers. syn. L. citrata Blume, L. confertiflora (Meissn.) Kost, L. glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Robins., L. laeta Benth. & Hook. f. and L. lanuginosa Nees were collected from 7-10 years old trees and investigated for their oil content and physico-chemical properties. Fatty oil content of these species ranged between 19.1 to 58.6% (w/w). Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil indicated that lauric acid is dominant fatty acid; highest in L. laeta (92.0%) and lowest in L. confertifolia (53.0%). Besides lauric acid, seed oil also contain trace amount of myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Oleic acid (22.7%) was obtained in L. confertifolia. Lauric acid is a medium chain fatty acid which is considered responsible for many of its health benefits. Hence, the content of lauric acid in these species explores possibility to use these oils as an important source material for nutritional and health aspects.

3 tables, 16 ref

000406   Ketnam K R;De Britto A J (NO, , Palayamkottai-627 002, Email: retnamkr@rediffmail.com) : Pharmacognostical study of Hybanthus enneaspermus (Linn.) F. muell.. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(5), 386-90.

Deal with pharmacognostical study of leaf, stem and root of Hybanthus enneaspermus (Linn.) F. Muell., for its identification and to distinguish it from the co-existing weeds and adulterants. Includes macroscopic, microscopic and preliminary physico-chemical investigation.

10 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

000405   Jabeen K;Javaid A (NO, Institute of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Punjab Univ, Lahore, Pakistan, Email: arshadjpk@yahoo.com) : Antifungal activity of aqueous and organic solvent extracts of allelopathic trees against Ascochyta rabiei. Allelopathy J 2008, 22(1), 231-7.

Antifungal properties of aqueous, n-hexane and ethanol extracts of leaf, fruit, root bark and stem bark of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook and Alstonia scliolaris (L.) R. Br. were investigated against Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab., [casual organism of blight disease in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)]. Effects of 1, 2, ...5% (w/v) extracts of different parts of the two test tree species were studied against in vitro radial growth of test fungal species on 2% malt extract agar medium amended with chickpea power @ 1.0 g 100 ml^-1 of the medium. Aqueous leaf and root bark extracts of E. citriodora fruit at 1-5% concentrations, reduced the colony diameter of A. rabiei by 25-38% and 22-41%, respectively. Similarly ethanol extracts of fruit and root bark of E. citriodora also reduced colony diameter of test fungal species by 13- 25% and 16-42%, respectively. None of the aqueous or organic solvent extracts of A. scholaris exhibited antifungal activity against the target fungal pathogen.

2 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

000404   Hemaiswarya S;Raja R (Biotechnology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai-600 036, Email: iswarya_iswarya_hema@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of bark leachate of Thespesia populnea on Amaranthus tricolor. Allelopathy J 2008, 22(1), 253-8.

Allelopathic effects of aqueous leachate of Thespesia populnea bark were investigated on Amaranthus. The leachate even at the lowest concentration (0.2%) inhibited the germination, plant height, number of leaves, dry matter, root length, chlorophyll and total protein content in amaranth plants. The inhibitory effects were concentration dependent i.e. increased with increasing concentrations, suggesting that Thespesia populnea has allelopathic effects.

3 illus, 14 ref

000403   Goyal B R;Agarwal B;Goyal R K;Mehta A A (NO, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University of Science and Technology, Ahmedabad-382 481, Email: dranitalmcp@rediffmail.com) : Phyto pharmacology of Moringa oleifera lam.- an overview. Nat Prod Radiance 2007, 6(4), 347-53.

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a small or medium-sized tree, about 10 m high, cultivated throughout India. It is a multipurpose tree, used as vegetable, spice, a source of cooking and cosmetic oil and as a medicinal plant. It is reported to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins and cinnamates. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidaemic, antifertility, anticancer, antihepatotoxic and antiulcer activities. Further, activity guided phytochemical and phytoanalytical studies may lead to development of novel agents to be used in various disorders. An overview of chemical constituents present in the plant and their pharmacological actions.

62 ref