003238   Barmukh R B;Nikam T D (Post Graduate Research Centre, Botany Dep, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Shivajinagar, Pune-411 005, Email: tdnikam@unipune.ernet.in) : Promotion of seed germination in Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.. Indian J Pl Physiol 2008, 13(2), 143-50.

Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. is a multipurpose leguminous tree valued internationally for its timber and pharmaceutical properties. Natural resurgence in this species is poor and the nursery germination is unpredictable. The species is recently included in the list of depleted plants. The present paper describes the effectiveness of wet heat, physical and acid scarification of seeds for inducing uniform and fast nursery germination in P. marsupium. The untreated seeds showed poor germination (28.2 in fifteen days, maximum of 44.3 in 30 days) and produced seedlings with least vigour index (1.1 -1.4). The physically scarified seeds showed higher percentage germination (55.3 ) within 15 days. Compared to the untreated seeds, the seeds treated with wet heat for 40 min produced 1.5 times more germination within 15 days. Among the seeds subjected to wet heat treatment and physical scarification and seeds scarified with concentrated HCl, H₂SO₄ and HNO₃, the scarification for 30 min with concentrated H₂SO₄ was the most effective for induction of germination and production of uniform seedlings with higher vigour index. The maximum of 78 and 85 germination was observed within 15 and 30 days respectively with the maximum vigour index of 3.3. The seedlings attained the height of about 0.4 meters within 8-9 months after which they were transferred to the field. The 30 min scarification treatment of concentrated H₂SO₄ can be used to induce uniform and fast nursery germination in Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.

1 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref

003237   Arjariya A;Chaurasia K (Botany Dep, Government Autonomous Maharaja College, Chhatarpur, Madhya Pradesh) : Ethnobotanical remedies for some gastro-intestinal problems from Chhatarpur district (M.P.) India.. J Nat Conserv 2008, 20(1), 47-52.

Chhatarpur district is the rural part of M.P. but it is rich for the wide availability of natural occurrence of medicinal flora. That have been in existence, identified and utilized hundreds of year by Tribals, Gonds, Sour and Bediya people, which are more common in this region. The studies were conduct in different localities Jatashankar, Alipura and near can river villages. During the 2006-2007 gastrointestinal problem, which plant parts, have been used. There are 50 plants have been used which are belonging to monocot and dicot families of Angiosperm and Pteridophytes. The medicinal importance for gastrointestinal disease of important Angiosperm and Pteridophytes was given on the basis of its local use and it's description available in literature.

7 ref

003236   Alam M K;Ahmad N (Biosystematics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Botany Dep, Patna Univ, Patna-5) : Simple phenol profile of some species of Desmodium Desv.. J Bot Soc Bengal 2008, 62(2), 29-31.

The genus Desmodium contains about 450 species, distributed in East Asia, Mexico and Brazil. Sino-Indian region is its centre of diversity. The taxonomy and nomenclature of Desmodium are complex due to overlapping of morphological characters and are difficult to differentiate due to great range of similarities. Chemical data have often been used to supplement morphological data and for delimiting species. Phenols are widely distributed in plants and are often used for chemotaxonomic studies. In the present study, results demonstrate the ability of phenolic profiles to reliably differentiate the species.

2 tables, 16 ref

002308   Wath M;Khadatkar A;Deshmuk S (P.G. Dep, Govt. Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati-444 604) : Antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of Cassia absus L.. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 326-30.

Assesment of antimicrobial activity of Chloroform, Acetone, Petroleum ether and Aqueous extracts of Cassia absus L. was undertaken against three species of microorganisms; Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Cassia was found to be effective against all the three test organisms. The Chloroform extract showed promising results with maximum inhibitory activity followed by Petroleum ether and Acetone. The aqueous extracts were least effective with minimum inhibitory effect.

2 tables, 13 ref

002307   Vinaykumar J;Shirol A M;Patil B C; Krishnamurthy G H;Reddy B S (Floriculture and Landscaping Dep, Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, UAS, Dharwad, Arabhavi-591 310) : Effect of growth regulators on rooting of Hiptage madablota and Ipomoea beraviensis. J Asian Hort 2007, 3(3-4), 246-8.

Investigation on propagation of two difficult to root species like Hiptage madablota and Ipomoea beraviensis were carried out at the Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi. The aim of this investigation is to find suitable root inducing compound with its optimum concentration to get maximum rooting percentage. The treatments included IBA and NAA alone or in combination, with the concentrations ranging from 500 to 2000ppm along with a control (water soaking for 24 hours). There were 13 treatment combinations with 3 replications laid out in a Completely Randomised Design. The treatment IBA at 2000 ppm was found good for better rooting percentage in both the species and the combination of IBA and NAA at all the concentrations found better for root characters.

2 tables, 8 ref

002306   Vinaykumar J;Shirol A M;Patil B C; Krishnamurthy G H;Reddy B S (Floriculture and Landscaping Dep, Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, UAS, Dharwad, Arabhavi-591 310) : Classification of ornamentral climbers as easy-to-root and difficult-to-root climbers. J Asian Hort 2007, 3(3-4), 208-10.

1 table, 5 ref

002305   Vijaya Bhasker Reddy A;Ramachandra Reddy P (Botany Dep, P.G. College of Science, Saifabad, Hyderabad-500 004) : Medicinal plants-their relevance as nectar sources to honey. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 283-7.

Pollen analysis of eleven honey samples of Apis cerana bees from Khammam district, Andhra Pradesh has been carried out. The pollen spectra revelead that most of them are unifloral (10) and one sample being multifloral. 37 different pollen types belonging to 30 families were recorded of which 29 plants are used in folklore and tribal medicine.

19 illus, 12 ref

002304   Verma C L;Maurya O N;Upadhyay N (Botany Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007, Email: maurya_onkar@yahoo.co.in) : Micromorphology of the foliar surface of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. J appl Biosci 2008, 34(2), 213-15.

Epidermal features of the foliar surface of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa have been observed under Scanning Electron Microscope and their diagnostic features have been discussed.

1 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

002303   Verdian-Rizi M R;Hadjiakhoondi A; Pirali-Hamedani M;Yasa N;Amin G;Khanavi M (Pharmacognosy Dep and Medicinal Plants Reseach Center, Faculty of Phar, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran) : Taxane diterpenoids from the needles of Taxus baccata L growing in Iran. Pharmacog Mag 2009, 5(17), 67-70.

Chemical examination of the needles and young stems of Taxus baccata L. from Iran, resulted in the isolation c three taxane diterpenoids , two previously reported taxoids, taxupinanane Land taxupinanane G, and a new taxoid, 2,9-deacetyltaxinine J. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data. These three taxoids were not previously encountered in Taxus baccata L. species.

1 table, 12 ref

002302   Vanitha S (Plant Pathology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: vanitha_1969@yahoo.co.in) : Induction of bio-chemical compounds due to interaction of Alternaria chlamydospora with plant products, biocontrol agent and chemical in Solanum nigrum. Biomed 2009, 4(3), 211-19.

Black Nightshade (Solaniim nignini L.) is one of the important medicinal plants used in Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM). The leaf blight is caused by Alternaria chlamydospora Mouchacca on Solanum nigrum. The Spraying of EC formulated wintergreen oil, lemongrass oil and their combination either singly or in combination triggered maximum phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and total phenol activity. The maximum PAL activity was recorded on 7th day after spraying (0.783, 0.681 and 0.805 n mol of transcinnamic acid min^{-1 g-1) followed by P. fluorescens (0.791 n mol of transcinnamic acid min-1g-1). The maximum Peroxidase activity was noted on 7th day after spraying (0.798, 0.763 and 0.812 changes in absorbance min-1 g-1) followed by P. fluorescens (0.780 changes in absorbance min-1 g-1 ). The maximum activity of Polyphenol oxidase was recorded on 7th day after spraying (2.953, 2.940 and 1.520 changes in absorbance min-1 g-1 respectively) followed by P. fluorescens (2.900). The spray-triggered the total phenol content which recorded maximum activity( 2.785, 2.524 and 2.760 mg g-1 ) on 7th day after inoculation followed by P. fluorescens sprayed plants recorded 2.629 mg g-1.}

2 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

002301   Thoke S;Patil D R;Dwamy G S K;Kanamadi V C; Patil C P;Patil P B (NO, Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, UAS, Dharwad, Arabhavi-591 310) : Combined effect of Glomus fasciculatum and bioformations on in-situ and ex-situ germination of jamun seeds (Syzygium cuminii skeels) undr organic conditions. J Asian Hort 2007, 3(3-4), 241-5.

Experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research station, Bijapur (Tidagundi) to know the influence of Glomus fasciculatum and bioformulations on in-situ and ex-situ germination of jamun seeds. Seeds inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum took least number of days for 50 per cent and completion of germination and was recorded significantly highest germination percentage (51.66% and 83.60% in in-situ and ex-situ conditions, respectively) as compared to uninoculated seeds. Among different bioformulations, seeds inoculated with microbial consortia germinated early, as compared to uninoculated seeds and registered highest germination percentage (54.85% and 88.00% in in-situ and ex-situ, respectively) compared to uninoculated control.

4 tables, 12 ref

002300   Suresha G S;Santha I M (Biochemistry Dep, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: ims_bio@yahoo.com) : Molecular cloning of partial oletae desaturase gene from Brassica napus. Indian J Pl Physiol 2008, 13(4), 334-8.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleate and a-Iinolenate are important membrane components and are the essential fatty acids of human nutrition. The major enzyme responsible for the synthesis of these compounds is the plant oleate desaturase of the endoplasmic reticulum, and its activity is controlled in Brassica napus by the fatty acid desaturation 2 (fad2) locus. Author report the isolation of partial fad2 gene fragment from Brassica napus. A pair of primers were synthesized based on the conserved region of all plant fad 2 gene sequences available in NCBI database. Using these primers in PCR, 987 bp fragment was amplified from Brassica napus genomic DNA. After purification, the fragment was cloned into the pGEMT Easy vector and identified as a part of the gene encoding oleate desaturase. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence revealed similarity with other reported oleate desaturase gene sequences. It can be used to isolate full length gene/cDNA encoding oleate desaturase.

4 illus, 19 ref

002299   Srivastava K K;Sundouri A S;Sharma M K;Banday F A (NO, Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Old Airfield, Rangreth, Srinagar-190 007, Email: kanchanpom@gmail.com) : Influence of branch angles on gradients of shoot extension, shoot diameter and yield in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars. Indian J Pl Physiol 2008, 13(4), 381-6.

Apricot 8 cultivars were planted in the field was trained at 30°, 60° and 90° angle each. Branch trained at 30° angle resulted minimum shoot extension. Cultivars Conian Italy showed least shoot extension and minimum growth upto September (104.5mm). Interaction of cultivars, branch angle and growth period exhibited significant effect. Cultivars Charmagz trained at 30° angle upto September resulted minimum shoot extension (84.0 cm) followed by Conian Italy (90.7 cm) trained. Similarly 30° angle showed minimum (7.6mm) diameter. Conian Italy had minimum (7.0mm) shoot diameter. Cultivars angle and period influenced significantly on the shoot diameter. Conian Italy at 60° and 90° angle had least shoot diameter upto September. Maximum number of fruits (42.1) per branch were noticed in the cultivars Conian Italy, lowest number of fruit (11.2) was noted in Amba, irrespective of branch angles. Branch trained at 60° resulted minimum number of fruit (28.7) of fruits. Cultivars Conian Italy at 60° resulted maximum (84.5) fruits while cultivar Amba at 60° angle had minimum fruit per branch.

3 tables, 11 ref

002298   Singh N B;Singh Y P;Tiwari L P;Bahar J;Singh V P N;Alam P (Section of Rabi Cereals, C.S. Azad Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002, Email: nbsingh2006@yahoo.co.in) : Morphophysiological traits as index of screening wheat genotypes for thermotolerance. Indian J Pl Physiol 2008, 13(3), 307-11.

Wheat genotypes which differed widely in their morpho-physiological characters were grown under two dates of sowing, i.e. normal (25th November) and late (3rd January) in order to have temperature variation which was 25-28 °C in (normal) and 30-33°C (late) during grain filling period. Results revealed that wheat genotypes with droopy leaf, viz. Raj 3765, K 7903, GW 336, NW 1014 and K 8962 recorded a wider angle of flag leaf from vertical plane, early flowering, greater canopy temperature depression, seed hardness and better performance in respect of yield and grain quality over erect leaf oriented genotypes, viz. PBW 373, K 2008, HTWYT- 9, AP 1064, KYP 0328 under high post-anthesis temperature, i.e. 4 to 5.6°C>28°C (Normal) under late sowing. Further, these traits, viz. higher leaf orientation, early flowering, canopy temperature depression and seed hardness possessed positive correlation with yield under late sowing, thereby, indicating their involvement in process of terminal heat stress. Thus, these traits which are simple and easily measurable can be used as screening techniques to identify thermo-tolerant wheat genotypes under late sown environments of north eastern plain zone of the country.

^ssc3 tables, 16 ref

002297   Siddiqui M S;Ahad Nijam K A;Deshpande V D (P.G. Dep of Zoology and Fishery Science, Science College, Nanded, Maharashtra) : Checklist of grass gall-midges cecidomyiidae: (DIPTERA) affecting grasses. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 294-7.

Six gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) belonging to two genera of two supertribes, Lasiopteridi and Ceciodomyiidi from Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. Four new and two known gall midges are included in the study.

1 table, 8 ref

002296   Shinde S R;Waghmare B M (Botany Dep, Baliram Patil College, Kinwat, Dist. Nanded-431 804) : New records for the flora of Marathwada from Kinwat forest of Nanded ditrict. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 302-3.

Explorations of Kinwat forest during 2006-07, reported two plant species for Marathwada region. The botanical names, locality and description are given for each taxon.

7 ref

002295   Sharma R;Rajak R C;Pandey A K (Mycological Research Laboratory, Biological Sciences Dep, R.D. Univ, Jabalpur-482 001) : Ectomycorrhizal mushrooms of central India-I. Russula. J mycopathol Res 2008, 46(2), 201-12.

Studies the description of 24 ectomycorrhizal mushroom/species of Central India, belonging to Russula found to be ectomycorrhizal with sal (Shora robusta). Their morphological and anatomical characters were described from the fresh materials.

4 illus, 35 ref

002294   Sharda A K;Verma S K;Moharana C (JK Paper Limited, Forest Organization, , Jaykaypur, Rayagada (Orissa)) : Precocious flowering in Eucalyptus deglupta blume, saplings. Indian For 2008, 134(11), 1545-7.

1 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

002293   Sarkar M;Bhattacharyya P K (Plant Pathology Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal) : Biological control of root rot of green gram caused by Macrophomina phaseolina by antagonistic microorganisms. J mycopathol Res 2008, 46(2), 233-7.

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tass Goid, a soil borne plant pathogen which has a wide host range causing seedling blight, collar rot, stem rot and root rot diseases of various crops. In the present investigation, attempts were made to control root rot of, green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] (variety SML - 264) caused by M. phaseolina by suppressive bacteria following in vitro, in vivo and field studies. Three isolates of Bacillus subtilis namely BS -12, BS - 17and BK - 1; two isolates of Rhizobium (AKR - 1 and M - 10) and Pseudomonas fluorescens were used in these experiments. Both Rhizobium M-10 and Pseudomonas fluorescens showed 76.65% inhibition of the growth of Macrophomina phaseolina in dual culture technique. Under in vivo condition, Bacillus subtilis (isolate BK -1) treated crops showed 37.02% mortality compared to 67.28% mortality in inoculated control crops when applied as seed soaking along with soil drenching. Efficient 74.96% disease control was obtained when Pseudomonas fluorescens applied as seed soaking in field condition. Nitrogen fixation of green gram is maximum in case of Rhizobium treated plants. Inoculated control plants showed minimum grain yield which was recorded to the lower by (-) 41.60% as compared to uninoculated control and (-) 45.87% lower than Rhizobium (isolate AKR - 1) treated plants. Antagonists treated plants showed good average root length, shoot length, dry weight, nitrogen fixation and yield.

5 tables, 10 ref

002292   Sarita Devi;Rani C;Datta K S;Bishnoi S K; Mahala S C;Angrish R (Botany and Plant Physiology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: profdatta@hau.ernet.in) : Phytoremediation of soil salinity using salt hyperaccumulator plants. Indian J Pl Physiol 2008, 13(4), 347-56.

Various salt hyperaccumulator plants collected from semi arid saline areas of North-West India -Haryana and Rajasthan like Arundo donax, Atriplex nummularia, Atriplex lentiformis, Atriplex amnicola, Haloxylon recurvum, Heliotropium eichwaldi, Portulaca oleracea, Salsola baryosma, Suaeda fruticosa and Suaeda nudiflora were found promising and shortlisted after extensive experimentation in the laboratory and screen house studies dealing with various salt hyperaccumulator characteristics like soil ECe and comparative total salt ion accumulation in the soil vis-a-vis above ground biomass. These were grown in salinity microplots using artificially saline soil of 8 and 16 dSm^{-1 of salinity. Various plant growth parameters like cumulative shoot length at the time of harvesting at vegetative stage, fresh/dry shoot biomass, ash content, total organic matter, total dissolved solids (TDS), phytoaccumulation of salt ions in above ground biomass, total salt ionic content left in the soil after harvesting, decrease in soil ECe per year, per cent remediation, salt accumulation in above ground biomass and deduced phytoremedaition of these potential salt hyperaccumulator plants were calculated. Our estimates showed that best salt hyperaccumulators were in the order of Suaeda fruticosa, Suaeda nudiflora, Portulaca oleracea, Atriplex amnicola, Atriplex lentiformis and Haloxylon recurvum which could phytoextract 32.72, 32.70, 29.04, 20.63, 20.58 and 18.11 kg salts ha-1 year-1 at 8 dSm-1 and Suaeda nudiflora, Portulaca oleracea, Suaeda fruticosa, Salsola baryosma, Haloxylon recurvum and Atriplex lentiformis could accumulate 101.39,89.44,74.76,66.77,62.10 and 60.67 kg toxic salts ha-1 year-1 in their above ground biomass at 16 dSm-1 of salinity, respectively. It is deduced that time taken for phytoremediation of soil salinity up to safe level of 2 dSm-1 was 1.66 to 2.37 years for 8 dSm-1 and it was 4.89 to 6 years for 16 dSm-1 of soil salinity.}

3 tables, 48 ref 

002291   Rawat B S;Sharma C M;Gairola S (Botany Dep, H N B Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal (Uttarakhand)) : Variability in cone and seed characteristics and germination behaviour in various provenances of Himalayan cypress (Cupressus torulosa Don). Indian For 2008, 134(11), 1455-67.

Five provenances of Cupressus torulosa collected from Garhwal Himalaya were studied or their cone and seed characteristics and germination behaviour. The three different sizes of cones i.e., large (1.98 x 1.71 - 2.23 x 1.78 cm), medium (1.61 x 1.38 - 1.81 x 1.60 cm) and small (1.38 1.71 . 1.60 x 1.49 cm) were observed in this species. The cone moisture content varied from 46.55-62.05%. The largest seeds were observed in MandaI provenance (0.48 ± 0.004cm x 0.44 ± O.OO7cm) and the smallest (0.25 ± 0.007cm x 0.22 ± 0.005cm) in Gwaldam provenance. The seed 88S was maximum (1.11 ± 0.036g /100 seeds on fresh weight basis) in New Tehri provenance and minimum (0.540 F128><145> 0.011g/100 seeds on the fresh weight basis) in MandaI provenance. The highest germination (66.0 ± 3.68% observed in MandaI provenance at 10øC under prechilled germination (66.0 ± 3.68%) was observed in MandaI provenance at 10°C under prechilled conditions and the lowest germination (14.0 ± 1.00%) at 20°C in MandaI provenance under controlled conditions.

1 illus, 4 table, 26 ref

002290   Prashanth P;Chandrasekhar R;Chandrasekhar R K (Horticulture Dep, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030) : Enchancing vase life of cut gerbera (Gerbera jamsonii Bolus ex. Hook.) by addition of floral preservatives. J Asian Hort 2007, 3(3-4), 183-6.

Vase life of cut gerbera flowers is often limited by bending of the flower stalk, called as scape bending, a premature senescence, apart from normal senescence. Senescence of cut gerberas could be deferred with floral preservatives in vase solution. The cut gerberas held in different holding solution combinations differed significantly on water relations, 8-HQS 200 ppm + AgNO₃ 20 ppm + sucrose 5% significantly increased the vase life (12.32 days) over control (4.56 days). The synergistic effect of 8-HQS and AgNO₃ as antimicrobial compounds reduced the microbial activity as indicated by lower optical density (0.0210) compared to control (0.2440), which led to increased water uptake and in turn kept the tissue water potential at higher levels (-5.683 bars) and reduced the scape bending curvature (0.000 degrees).

2 tables, 10 ref

002289   Powar P S;Gaikwad D K;Chavan P D (Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004) : Antibacterial activity of mangrove bark. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 365-7.

Methanolic extracts of barks of eight mangrove species were screened for antibacterial activity against Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Erwinia carotovora and Xanthomonas citri. The bark extracts showed antibacterial property with inhibition zone greater than chloramphenicol and streptomycin.

2 tables, 8 ref

002288   Phukan R;Sramah S R;Dutta P;Phukan I;Begum R; Tanti A J;Debnath S;Barthakur B K (Tocklai Experimental Station, Tea Research Association, Jorhat-785 008) : Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and plant growth promoting microbes in tea plantation of North East India. J mycopathol Res 2008, 46(1), 33-9.

Per cent root colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) is well documented. Recently a survey was conducted in tea growing areas of North-East India to assess the occurrence of AM fungi in tea plantation. Being an obligate symbiont, infection of AM fungi in dominant weed flora was also considered. Per cent association of AM infection in feeder roots of tea and dominant weed species of tea plantation ranged within 25-60 % and 40-90 % respectively. The experiments conducted showed encouraging response of AM fungi in young tea in terms of leaf harvest irrespective of addition of P₂O₅. Application of phosphate can be reduced or minimized by inoculating AM fungi in tea plantation. Nutrient parameters analysed showed suitability of the samples for microbial as well as AM population. Moreover, the analysis of rhizosphere soil revealed dominant presence of fungi and bacteria than other groups of specific organisms i.e. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Actinomycetes, PSB etc. The experiment conducted in the green house with the native PGPR microbes both in case of tea and other test plants had proved the benefits in terms of biomass increase.

18 tables, 19 ref

002287   Patil V G;Shimpale V B;Salunkhe C B (Post Graduate Dep of Botany, Krishna Mahavidyalaya, Shivnagar, Rethare-413 108) : Seed germination of Pedalium murex L. (Pedaliaceae). Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 360-2.

Deals with germination of the seeds of Pedalium murex L. The seed germination was effective from 6 month's storage period up to 28 months. The seeds nicked with nail cutter showed increased seed germination. The optimum seed germination was observed at 30°C. The diffused light favoured seed germination. However there was no seed germination when the seeds were treated with sulphuric acid.

6 tables, 6 ref

002286   Patil N N (Botany Dep, Chandmal Tarachand Bora College, Shirur, Dis. Pune-412 210) : Mineral composition of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. infected with Erysiphe hedwg. EX FR.. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 363-4.

Minera composition of the leaves of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. infected with Erysiphe Hedwg. Ex Fr. was studied. The pathogen stimulated accumulation of mineral elements like Calcium, Copper, Iron and Manganese. However the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased, while magnesium content remained unaffected in infected leaves.

1 table, 7 ref

002285   Patil C R;Bhargava S K;Patel P;Singh P;Surana S J (R.C. Patel College of Pharmacy, Near Karwand Naka, Shirpur-425 405, Email: chandragouda123@rediffmail.com) : Diuretic and antiurolithiatic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata pers. (Crassulaceae). J pharm Res 2008, 7(2), 87-91.

Is to evaluate the claims in folk remedies regarding the diuretic and antiurolithiatic activity of Kalanchoe pinnata. Hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata Pers. (Crassulaceae) was studied for diuretic and antiurolithiatic activity in male wistar rats. The extract was administered to rats by oral and intraperitoneal route at the doses of 100, 300, 500 and 800 mg/kg. The effect of extract on urine output was determined by comparing the urine volume collected by keeping individual animals in metabolic cages. Calcium oxalate urolithiasis was induced in rats by administration of Ethylene glycol orally for seven days and effect of extract was studied by its concurrent administration. Antiurolithiatic effect was determined by comparing urinary electrolyte levels, biochemical parameters and kidney histology with control and standard drug treated animals. Kalanchoe pinnata extract was found to exert significant diuresis and antiurolithiatic activity. It protected rat kidneys from the ethylene glycol induced oxalate related alterations in the histopathology and biochemical changes. The diuretic effect of Kalanchoe pinnata leaf extract was found to be more potent when it was administered by intraperitoneal route. However, at higher doses this extract itself was found to perturb the biochemical parameters suggesting kidney toxicity.

1 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

002284   Patil B Y;Jadhav D S;Medakkar S S (Botany and P.G. Dep of Herbal Technology Dep, S.M. Dayandeo Mohekar Mahavidyalaya, Kalamb, Dist. Osmanabad-431 507) : Dwelling dust as an allergen. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 306-10.

Investigation locate the source, concentration and seasonal variation of fungal components and its relevance to allergic disorders. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were carried out by selecting 8 dwellings of sensitive individuals by dust culture method. An analysis of house dust revealed the presence of 25 fungal spore types of which 10 were potentially allergenic.

4 tables, 8 ref

002283   Pandey A K;Shukla P K (NO, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh)) : Role of medicinal plants in health care and rural economy in the tribals of Satpura plateau region of central India. Indian For 2008, 134(11), 1438-46.

The Satpura plateau region of Central India is home of numerous herb species. The agroclimatic conditions prevailing in the region provides an ideal habitat for the natural growth of variety of plants and herbs, which provide raw materials for pharmaceutical, phytochemical, food, flavoring and cosmetic industries. The paper provides information on 92 medicinal plants used by the Gond, Bharia and Korku tribes of Chhindwara, Betul, Hosangabad and Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh, India, for the treatment of various diseases. Traditional medicine remains an integral part of the health system in this region of Central India. Medicinal plants of forest origin hold great promise to enhance the health and source of livelihood to the forest dwellers.

1 table, 11 ref

002282   Pande P K;Bhandari K;Magan Singh (Wood Anatomy Discipline, Botany Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun) : Wood anatomy of Shorea of yellow meranti (Meranti damar hitam) group of Malay Peninsula. Indian For 2008, 134(11), 1479-92.

Deals with the variations in physical, gross and microscopic anatomical feat of different species of Shorea of Yellow Meranti group of Malay peninsula. Variance ratio (F) indicated that inter- specific differences among the wood element dimensions of Shorea significant for vessel element length, wall-thickness and fibre-diameter and non-significant fibre length and wood density (a=O.05). However, intra-specific differences were non-signifi for all the anatomical characters. Vessel element-length and -diameter showed negative w wood density showed positive correlation with fibre wall thickness. A dichotomous identification . Key is presented on the basis of anatomical characters to the species level of Yellow Meranti group. The dichotomy is based on a pair of contrasting characters like ray height, ray width, presence/absence of prismatic crystals and gum canal dimensions. Differences in quantitative characters were analyzed using 't' test for the mean. Hierarchical cluster analysis is done using qualitative and quantitative wood anatomical characters to understand the affinity of Shorea with in Yellow Meranti group and with other group of Shorea. S. maxima showed 0% similarity with other members of this group. S. faguetiana and S. multiflora showed 46% similarity with S. gibbosa, S. hopeifolia, S. resina-nigra and S. balanocarpoides. S. balanocarpoides showed 32% similarity with S. gibbosa, S. hopeifolia and S. resina - nigra.

1 illus, 6 table, 24 ref

002281   Panda S K;Upadhyay R K (Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciebnces, Assam (Central) Univ, Silchar-788 011, Email: rishi.upadhyay@yahoo.com) : Bichemical changes and oxidative damage in Azolla pinnata L. under chromium phtotoxicity stress. Indian J Pl Physiol 2008, 13(3), 243-50.

Evaluated the effect of both Cr³⁺ and Cr₂O^2- on lipid peroxidation and different antioxidative enzymes, in fronds of Azolla pinnata L. in order to know the possible involvement of this metal in the induction of oxidative stress leading to biochemical and oxidative aberrations. Chromium treatment for 2, 4 or 6d resulted in decreased biomass of fronds. A significant increase in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and glutathione reductase(GR) as well as non-enzymic antioxidants, indicated accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and oxidative stress. The increase in superoxide dismutase activity with decline in catalase activity in A. pinnata indicated a sensitive biomarker in monitoring aquatic contaminants like chromium.

1 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

002280   Palghadmal K;Bhosale A M (P.G. Dep of Botany, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts Science and Commerce, Pravarangar, Maharashtra) : Biocontrol efficiency of Bradyrhizobium japonicum against pathogenic fungi.. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 293.

002279   Ojha S;Chatterjee N C (Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Botany Dep, Burdwan Univ, Burdwan-713 104) : Potential deterrence of Trichoderma spp. against fusarial wilt of tomato. J mycopathol Res 2008, 46(1), 47-51.

Wilt of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is the most dreadful disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum leading to an enormous economic loss to the growers. An attempt was made to control the disease biologically with the application of antagonists viz. Trichoderma viride, T. lignorum, T. harzianum, T. hamatum and T. reesi. The effect of volatile and non-volatile antibiotics of Trichoderma origin on growth inhibition of the wilt pathogen was studied. T. harzianum showed maximum growth inhibition (91%) of the pathogen through mycoparasitism followed by Trichoderma viride and the non volatiles produced by these antagonists exhibited their excellent antagonism to the growth of the pathogen (100%) under in vitro condition. Trichoderma spp. produced siderophore, iron chelating compounds that contributed much towards enhancement of their competitive behaviour for nutrition with the target pathogenic fungi and as such offered their greater antagonistic potentiality. Overall experimental studies clearly indicated T. harzianum, T. viride and T. hamatum were capable of retarding the growth of the pathogen while T. lignorum and T. reesi were comparatively less efficient.

2 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

002278   Odeleye O M;Elujoba A A;Gbolade A A (Pharmacognosy Dep, Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ile-Ife, Nogeria, Email: aelujoba@oauife.edu.ng) : Comparative chemical and biological analysis of Aloe schweinfurthii Aloe vera for laxative activity. J pharm Res 2008, 7(2), 83-6.

Aloe schweinfurthii Baker, indigenous to Nigeria, and the imported but official Aloe vera (Linn.) Burm. F., both of Liliaceae family, were assayed spectrophotometrically for combined anthraquinone contents and also pharmacologically for their laxative properties in male albino rats, using official senna leaf (Senna acutifolia Del.) as the reference standard. The leaf exudates of A schweinfurthii and A. vera were found to possess significant laxative activities higher than that of the official senna leaf. Statistical comparison of A schweinfurthii, A. vera and S. acutifolia (positive control), with water as the negative control, revealed that there were significant differences between their laxative activities. The contents of the total free anthraquinones and the total combined anthraquinones in A schweinfurthii exudates were remarkably higher than those of A vera. Consequently, the use of laxative index is proposed for comparative study of Aloe (or related) species, and as a possible quality control tool.

1 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

002277   Nasare P N (NO, Nilkanthrao Shinde Science and Arts College, Bhadrawati-442 902) : Physical and chemical mutagen induced foliar variations in Ocimum sanctum Linn.. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 349-51.

Foliar variations in Ocimum sanctum Linn, were induced by physical (gamma rays) and chemical mutagens : SA (Sodium azide) and EMS (Ethyl methanesulphonate). The seeds were irradiated with 200, 400, 600 Gy gamma rays. Seeds were also treated with SA (0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%) and EMS (0.1 %, 0.2%, 0.4%). Different types of foliar variations were recorded from seedling to maturity stage. They were in the form of broad, large, small or abnormal leaves (irregular lamina, notch at leaf apex, changed leaf shape, leaf margin and fused leaves).

27 ref

002276   Nanaware S D;Patil M S;Patil A R (Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur, Maharashtra) : Additions to the genus Conidiobolus brefeld from Kolhapur (M.S.). Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 344-6.

Describes one new species and a new variety of the genus Conidiobolus viz. C. eurymitus Drechsler var. apiphagaevar. nov. and C. microspora sp. nov.

7 illus, 1 table, 2 ref

002275   Nagaraja T G;Pawar P P;Laxmikant V D;Patil B (Botany Dep, The New College, Kolhapur-416 012) : Antimicrobial activity of Mappia foetida Miers. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 340-1.

3 ref

002274   Nagaraja T G;Laxmikant V;Patil B (Botany Dep, The New College, Kolhapur-416 012) : Some enzymatic studies under pathogenesis. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 300-1.

Deals with some enzymes in the leaves of Mappia foetida Miers infected with Cylindrosporium mappiae Thirum & Nars. The infection enhanced activities of enzymes like nitrate reductase, polyphenol oxidase, and ascorbic acid oxidase. While activities of enzymes viz nitrite reductase, catalase and IAA oxidase were decreased in the infected leaves.

1 table, 8 ref

002273   Nagaraja A;Gowda J;Krishnappa M;Krishne Gowda K T (NO, , GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Email: alurnag@yahoo.co.in ) : GPU : a finger millet variety with durable blast resistance. J mycopathol Res 2008, 46(1), 109-11.

Finger millet variety GPU 28 developed at the Project Coordination cell, All India Coordinated Small Millets Imporvement Project during 1990 and released for cultivation in the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu has remained highly resistant to neck and finger blast during the last 15 years. With <2% incidence of both neck and finger blasts, it has occupied vast area of almost 75% under ragi in Karnataka owing to durable resistance and superior yield performance over the national checks VL 149 and PR 202.

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

002272   Mukhopadhyay S;Mukherjee P S (Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Botany Dep, Burdwan Univ, Burdwan-713 104) : Microbial production of ethanal from water hyacinth. J mycopathol Res 2008, 46(2), 279-81.

Vast quantity of the aquatic weed water hyacinth which is available throughout the year at no cost, has prompted studies on its use as renewable carbon source for fuel ethanol production. In order to use this lignocellulosic biomass, its carbohydrate polymers (cellulose and hemicellulose) was first hydrolyzed (by enzymatic hydrolysis) with crude cellulase enzyme produced on site on the pretreated, ground water hyacinth biomass in liquid culture. The hydrolysate was then fermented successively with glucose and xylose fermenting yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus respectively) to obtain ethanol.

3 tables, 3 ref

002271   Mukhopadhyay M (Botany Dep, Vivekananda College, Thakurpukur, Kolkata-700 063) : Bioactivities of some medicinal mushrooms : a modern perspective. J mycopathol Res 2008, 46(1), 13-21.

Medicinal mushrooms have a long tradition of use in China for their profound health promoting benefits. Recent studies are now confirming their medical efficacy and identifying many of the bioactive molecules. At least 700 species of mushrooms are known to have various therapeutic properties. Some currently isolated and identified sbustances of higher Basidiomycetes origin have expressed promising antitumour and immunomodulating effects. Several antitumour polysaccharides such as β-D glucans with heterosaccharide chain of xylose,mannose, galactose, uronic acid or β-D glucan protein complexes as well as dietary fibres and terpenoids have been isolated from mushroom fruit bodies, submerged cultural biomass or liquid culture broth. The main medicinally important polysaccharides to have achieved clinical relevance are Lentinan, Schyzophyllan, Grifron-D, PSK (polysaccharide-K) and PSP (polysaccharide-peptide). In Japan, Russia, China and the USA different polysaccharide antitumour agents have been developed from Lentinus edodes, Ganodarma lucidum, Schyzophyllum commune, Grifola frondosa, Inonotus obliquus, Flammulina velutipes.. Mushrooms in general, and Pleurotus, Lentinus, Grifola in particular, because of their high fibre content, sterols, proteins, microelements and a low calorific value, are almost ideal for diets designed to prevent cardiovascular disease. In recent years Basidiomycetes and other higher fungi have been re-investigated as sources of novel antibiotics. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of some mushrooms are reported have the potentiality to delay the ageing process. The bioactivities of medicinal mushrooms in immunomodulalation and anti-cancer therapy represent the dominating theme of review work. Only a brief resume of other quite significant medical properties, such as blood pressure-lowering, cholesterol lowering, liver protective, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-viral and other anti-microbial activities will be presented.

1 table, 78 ref

002270   More S B;Kamble S S (Mycology and Plany Pathology Research Laboratory, Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur, Maharashtra) : Biological control of soybean rust with Trichothecium roseum.. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 342-3.

Glasshouse trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of Trichothecium roseum in controlling soybean rust. The trials were conducted by either post or pre inoculation technique. For post inoculation technique mycelial suspension of Trichothecium roseum was applied after initiation of rust pustules on leaf surface. For pre inoculation technique mycelial suspension of Trichothecium roseum was mixed with the spore suspension of Phakopsora pachyrhizi and the mixed suspension was then sprayed on healthy soybean plants. Both the treatments effectively controlled soybean rust.

7 illus, 1 table, 2 ref

002269   Mandal P;Misra T K;Ghosh A;Sircar P K (Botany Dep, North Bengal Univ, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling-734 013, Email: nbubotanypalash@rediffmail.com) : Germination-induced peptide pool regulate water homeostasis in plants. J Pl Biol 2008, 35(2), 121-30.

Low molecular peptides from 3.0 kDa to 0.5 kDa were isolated from germinating seedlings (after 64 hours of soaking) of Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek cv. sonali B1 and purified through ion-exchange, ultrafiltration and gel permeation chromatography. Heterogeneous peptide profile of germination pool was detected through paper chromatography and capillary zone electrophorcsis. Isolated peptides were further purified through paper chromatography in accordance with their four distinct Rf zones. Peptide fractions isolated from first and third lower Rf zones appreciably increased the flow rate, absorption, transpiration of solute, root and shoot lengths of seedlings. Dark induced stomatal aperture opening and enhancement of protoplast volume was also observed by the same peptides. These peptides antagonized the inhibitory action of ABA and mimicked the bioactivity of cytokinin. cGMP may be the mediator of this signal as established when LY 83583 decreased the protoplast volume after peptide application. Amino acid analysis of third R_f zone peptide strongly support the immunoreactive atrial natriuretic behaviour of peptides. Peptides representing second lower R_f zone did not display bioactivity and peptides from highest R_f zone decreased the above biological perception. In general, functional diversity of peptide pool is particularly related with the physiological conditioning of water and solute homeostasis of plants.

6 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

002268   Malik A (Microbiology Dep, C.C.S. Univ, Meerut-250 004) : Pachytene chromosome studies in fourteen accessions of Carthamus L.. Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2008, 78(PtI), 56-60.

Pachytene karyotypes in fourteen accessions, belonging to four species of the genus Carthamus were analyzed in detail for establishing the chromosome and karyotype polymorphism. The karyotype and heterochromatin distribution patterns reported in this study provide a foundation toward cytological characterization of the Carthamus genome. The chromosome size ranges between 502.74 μm to 979.97 μm. Variability within the individual chromosomes with respect to the size, shape and position of the centromere was found to be well marked. At pachytene, the pollen mother cells have 12 bivalents and prominent nueleolus. The accessions exhibited significant variability in their pachytene chromosome characteristics.

15 illus, 2 tables

002267   Mahour K;Kumar A;Vihan V S (Animal Health Div, Central Institute for Research on Goast, Makhdoom, P.O. Farah, Mathura-281 122) : Bioactivity assay of Jatropa curcas extract prepared from leaves of different drying methods against brine shrimp. Ecotech 2009, 1(1), 55-8.

The study is designed to evaluate bioactivity of Jatmpa curcas plant leaves against brine shrimp by two different drying methods i.e. shade drying (A) and Sun drying (B). Plant leaves were collected from local region in suitable season. Collected leaves were divided into two parts, one part kept in shade and other in Sun for drying. Dried leaves were grind to coarse powder and subjected to extraction by soxhlet apparatus followed by concentration with rotatory evaporator. Prepared plant extracts were tested for alkaloids, flavinoids, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, saponins, tannins, protein and fixed oils. No variations were not found in physical properties like colour, consistency, odour and nature. The extract prepared from shade dried (A) leaves were positive for alkaloids, flavinoids and fixed oils, while extract prepared from Sun dried (B) leaves were positive for alkaloids and flavinoids only. Napuli of brine shrimp were hatched in artificial sea water with routine technique and collected in test tube. The prepared methanolic extracts at the concentration of 250, 500 and 750 μg/ml were tested on quantified numbers of larvae in comparison to negative and positive control to test bioactivity. Mortalities were noted after 24 hours post treatment and calculated LC₅₀. The LC₅₀ in shade dried leaves extract (A) was lower (243 μg/ml), as compared to Sun dried leaves (B) extract (290 μg/ml). The above results indicated that shade dried leaves extract (A) is superior than Sun dried leaves extract (B) to obtain better bioactivity.

3 tables, 11 ref

002266   Luna R K;Vijay Kumar;suresh Kumar;Ravi Kumar (Forest Research and Training Circle, Punjab State Forest Dep, , Hoshiarpur (Punjab)) : Variation in rooting response of shoot cuttings in twenty clones of Dalbergia sissoo roxb. Indian For 2008, 134(11), 1419-26.

The rooting behaviour is important for selecting clones for multiplication, as hard-toroot clones are likely to increase the cost of production of propagules substantially. In this experiment, rooting ability of nodal shoot cuttings of 20 clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. were studied under intermittent mist conditions. Out of twenty clones, clone No. 33 (Tulsipur, Gonda), 24 (C.B. Ganj, Bareilley), 10 (Pathri, Haridwar), 237 (Banketwa, Gonda), and 9 (Chiryapur, Bijnor) produced the maximum shoot diameter, dry weight of root and shoot, number of roots and average root length of resultant plants. Propagules of these clones could be produced of plantable size in less than 121 days.

1 illus, 2 table, 17 ref

002265   Kumutha D;Sairam R K;Meena R C (Plant Physiology Dep, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: rks_ppl@yahoo.co.uk) : Role of root carbohydrate reserves and their mobilization in imparting waterlogging tolerance in green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotypes. Indian J Pl Physiol 2008, 13(4), 339-46.

Root carbohydrates, their mobilization and metabolism were examined in green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotypes in relation to their waterlogging tolerance. Experiment was conducted with two contrasting green gram genotypes, viz. MH 96-1 (tolerant) and (MH 1K-24) (susceptible). Waterlogging treatment was given by placing earthen pots with 25 days old plants in plastic troughs measuring 100 x 70 x 35 cm (L x B x H) and filled with water to a height just 1-2 cm below the soil level in pots. Treatments consisted of control, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days waterlogging and recovery. Waterlogging resulted in decline in relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI) in root and leaf tissues and leaf chlorophyll (Chi) content. The decline was greater in MH 1K-24 than MH 96-1. MH 96-1 also showed better recovery than MH 1K-24. Waterlogging resulted in decline in total and non-reducing sugar content in both genotypes and reducing sugar content in MH 1K-24. Comparatively tolerant genotype MH 96-1 had greater total, reducing and non-reducing sugar content than MH 1K-24. Reducing sugar actually increased in MH 96-1 upto 4 days of waterlogging. Waterlogging also caused an increase in sucrose synthase (SuSy) activity in MH 96-1 upto 6 days and slightly declined in the 8 days of waterlogging. The variation in reducing sugar content was parallel to sucrose synthase activity. Waterlogging resulted in increase in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and MH 96-1 showed greater increase than MH 1K-24. The results suggest that waterlogging tolerance of green gram genotypes depends on the availability of sufficient sugar reserve in the roots, activity of sucrose synthase to provide reducing sugars for glycolytic activity and ADH for the recycling of NADH for the continuation of glycolysis, the major source of energy under hypoxia. This led to better RWC and Chi content in leaves and membrane stability of leaf and root tissue in tolerant type.

3 illus, 45 ref

002264   Kshirsagar J J;Pande B N (Botany Dep, P.V.P. College, Patoda, Dist. Beed, Maharashtra) : Atmospheric concentration of Alternaria spores over sunflower fields at Rajuri (N), Maharashtra. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 352.

2 ref

002263   Khullar S P;Sharma S;Prasher I B (Botany Dep, Punjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014) : Diversity in the pteridophytes of Kangra district (Himachal Pradesh). Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2008, 78(PtI), 1-36.

Comprehensive survey of the Pteridophytes of the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh (India) has been carried out for the first time. Based on personal collections, reports in literature and study of herbarium specimens 130 species are being recorded. In Kangra district 45 species of Pteridophytes are rare; 22 are uncommon; 17 are occasional; 20 are very common: 14 are common and 12 are fairly common. Three natural fern hybrids have been collected from this district. Three fern species are being reported for the first time from Himachal Pradesh.

15 ref

002262   Kheroda L;Chhetry G K N (Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Canchipur-795 003) : Fungi associated with discoloured rice grains and their effect on germination. J mycopathol Res 2008, 46(1), 125-6.

Studies incidence of seed discoloration was highest (38.5%) in China-1039 and least (18.1%) in k.D. 2-6-3 cultivars. Discoloration reduces the germination rate of seeds. The loss in germination was proportional to the severity of seed discoloration. Eight fungal species viz., Aspergillus sp., Curvularia geniculata, C. iunata, Fusarium avanaceum, F. graminearum, F. moniliforme, Helminthosporium oryzae and Nigrospora oryzae were isolated from discoloured seeds. C. Iunata and F. moniliforme were more common fungi.

2 tables, 10 ref