OMAR I, ASTHANA G, ASTHANA A K
000016 OMAR I, ASTHANA G, ASTHANA A K (CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow- 226 001) : Plagiomnium insigne (mitt.) t. j. kop. (Mniaceae): New to asian bryoflora. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2021, 44(1), 71-4.
Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) T. J. Kop. known as Badge moss has been reported for the first time from Asia (Gulmarg, India). It was earlier known from North America (California, Canada and USA). The species is characterized by its dioicous sexuality, elliptical leaves with small ± pitted isodiametric cells and more number of two-celled teeth on leaf margin.
16 ref
MANN N, UNIYAL P L, LAKHANPAUL S
000014 MANN N, UNIYAL P L, LAKHANPAUL S (Botany Dep, Delhi Univ, New Delhi- 110 007) : Incidence of In situ pollen germination in three species of Viola l. of Uttarakhand. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2021, 44(1), 63-5.
We studied in situ pollen germination in natural populations of Viola canescens Wall., V. biflora L. and V. patrinii Ging., where a part of pollen grains shows a precocious germination while in the anther. In situ germinated pollen tube showed some abnormality in structure that may be due to non-availability of microenvironment. Rest of pollens exhibits the normal dispersal after anther dehiscence and germination on compatible stigma. This phenomenon may contribute to the reproductive efficiency.
15 ref
CHANDRA S, RAWAT D S
000011 CHANDRA S, RAWAT D S (Botany Dep, Government Degree Coll, Tiuni, Dehradun) : Silene incurvifolia Kar. & Kir. (Caryophyllaceae): A new record to the flora of India. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2021, 44(1), 51-3.
Silene incurvifolia Kar. & Kir., collected from Hanuman Chatti area of Chamoli, Uttarakhand, after critical study was found to be a new record for India. It is being described along with illustration, photograph and identification key.
12 ref
RABIAE G T E, ELBADRY S H
044249 RABIAE G T E, ELBADRY S H (Botany Dep, Benghazi Univ, Libya) : Morphological study of leaf architecture in three taxa of bellis (asteraceae) in Libya. Int J Pharm & Life Sci 2020, 11(1), 0976-7126.
Bellis. Belonging to the family Asteraceae (Compositae) and has been included in subtribe Asterinae (tribe Astereae) Bremer, 1994. The leaf architecture in this family are extremely diverse. The objective of this work is to describe the morphology and leaf architecture for three taxa of Bellis in Libya, Bellis annua, B. sylvestris var sylvestris and B. sylvestris var cyrenica. The results of leaf architecture studies can provide more accurate basis for the identification of plant species.
3 illus, 11 ref
MARIMUTHUA D, JAYARAMAN A
044224 MARIMUTHUA D, JAYARAMAN A (Botany Dep, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore- 641 043, Email: dhanature@gmail.com) : Phytochemical characterization of topoisomerase-ii inhibitor from freshwater algae Chlorosarcinopsis eremi (chantanachat, s. and bold, h.c). Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2020, 10(1), 44-49.
The freshwater algae Chlorosarcinopsis eremi, belong to the family Chlorophyceae. The methanol extract of the algae of the present study were assayed for inhibition of relaxation activity of topoisomerase II. The methanol extract was subjected to thin layer chromatography and column chromatography to separate the phytochemical constituent present in the methanol extract. The obtained fractions were again assayed for inhibition of relaxation activity of topoisomerase II. The inhibition of relaxation activity of topoisomerase II enzyme was found maximum in Fraction II compared to other fractions of methanol extract. From the Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometery analyses of methanol fraction II, the present study concluded 2-Allyl-t-Butylhydroquinone may be the active metabolite responsible for Topoisomerase II enzyme inhibition.
4 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref
VISHNUVARDHAN K , BOMMANA K, NIMMANAPALLI Y
044217 VISHNUVARDHAN K , BOMMANA K, NIMMANAPALLI Y (Botany Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati - 517 501, Andhra Pradesh, Email: yasodanpalli@gmail.com) : Phytochemical screening, silver nanoparticle synthesis and antibacterial studies on the leaves of Aeschynomene aspera l.. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 451-63.
Green synthesis is one of the best routes for the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The present study revealed that the aqueous leaf extracts of Aeschynomene aspera, which contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, anthocyanidins, indoles, glycosides, saponins and tannins, is found to be responsible for bioreduction during the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs). The colour change from light yellow to dark brown within 20 to 60 min indicates the formation of nanoparticles. The UVVisible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver nanoparticles showed a Surface Plasmon Resonance peak at 450 nm. FT-IR analysis reveals that the phenols and amides are mainly responsible for reduction. XRD analysis clearly showed the characteristic Bragg peaks of (111), (200), (220), (311) facets of the face-entered cubic structure of silver nanoparticles and confirmed that these nanoparticles are crystalline in nature.HR-TEM analysis revealed that the green synthesized SNPs were spherical in shape with an average size of 10 nm. The antibacterial effect of synthesized AgNPs on different bacterial strains with the zone of inhibition 14.1 mm on Escherichia coli 12.2 mm on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11.3 mm on Staphylococcus aureus and 11.1 mm on Bacillus subtilis respectively. DPPH analysis shows that the nanoparticles possess 67.48 percent of antioxidant activity. The above results also correlated with the other species of Fabaceae such as, Abrus precatorius, Cicer arietinum, Callindra haematocephala Clitoria ternatea, and Pongamia pinnata both in their nanoparticles characteristics and also their antibacterial activity.
12 illus, 6 tables, 40 ref
SHARMA K, DABAHADKER K
044215 SHARMA K, DABAHADKER K (Botany Dep, Government A & C Girls Coll, Raipur - 492 001, Chhattisgarh, Email: drktsharma@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Hyptis suaveolens. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 438-44.
Plants have served as a source of new pharmaceutical products and inexpensive starting materials for the synthesis of some known drugs. Components with medicinal properties from plants play an important role in conventional Western medicine. In the ethnopharmacological approach, local knowledge about the potential uses of the plants is very useful as compared to the random approach where indigenous knowledge is not taken into consideration. In the present study, the polar (hydro-alcoholic, aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic) extracts and non-polar extracts (hexane, chloroform and petroleum ether) of whole plant, Hyptis suaveolens was screened for antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogenic strains (viz. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). All the polar extracts of the plant showed significant antimicrobial activity in comparison to non-polar extracts. The studies revealed that the polar extracts are having much significant antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant strains and other pathogenic strains while non-polar extracts are having moderate activity against pathogenic strains while no activity was found against drug-resistant strains. The polar extracts showed potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans in the ranges from 5.0 mg/ml to 15.0 mg/ml. The highest antimicrobial fractions of Hyptis suaveolens were chromatographed on 2 × 30 cm silica gel 60 open column using a stepwise gradient of methanol and increasing amount of ethyl acetate (20 % at each step); ethyl acetate with increasing amount of methanol (10 % at each step); and finally at 40 % methanol. Collected fractions were evaporated under vacuum and examined by TLC. The antimicrobial fractions were examined using silica gel coated TLC plates to confirm the pure compound by changing the ratios of the solvent system components.
5 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref
SIDKEY B A J
044191 SIDKEY B A J (Biology Dep, Baghdad Univ, Iraq, Email: bansidkey@gmail.com) : Effect of plant growth regulators on secondary metabolites accumulation and antioxidant activity of Catharanthus roseus l.. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 241-5.
Secondary metabolites not only play a vital role in plant defense but also had shown various medicinal properties which provide a scientific base for using herbs and different plants as alternative medicines that were used by ancient communities. Many of the drugs today are simple synthetic modifications of the natural compounds. The developing commercial requirements of secondary metabolites in recent years has resulted in a great interest in secondary metabolism. Different strategies have been studied with the objective of improving the production of secondary metabolites. Many studies proved the role of plant growth regulators in the accumulation and production of many of these active and therapeutic compounds. Short term experiment was carried out to investigate the response of Catharanthus roseus L. plant to the foliar spray of GA3, IAA and 6-bezylaminopurin at (0, 30, 60, 90 ppm) concentrations during the blooming stage. Three parameters were studied, phenols content, alkaloids content and the antioxidant activity in leaves extracts of this plant. Results showed there were significant increments in all studied parameters, that was obvious at high concentrations of all plant growth regulators treatments. The significant increase in antioxidant activity percentage was in correlation with the significant increases in phenols and alkaloids content. This study is encouraging economically to produce high amounts of these secondary metabolites that had proved their antimicrobial and antitumor properties for decades.
3 illus, 1 table, 37 ref
KUNUI K, SINGH S S
042253 KUNUI K, SINGH S S (Botany Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, Email: satyashila@rediffmail.com) : Protective role of antioxidative enzymes and antioxidants against iron-induced oxidative stress in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sphaerica isolated from iron rich paddy field of Chhattisgarh, India. Indian J Exp Biol 2020, 58(9), 617-30.
Iron, as an essential element for plants and microorganisms, plays a significant role in photosynthesis, photopigment synthesis, nitrogen fixation, nucleic acid synthesis, etc. However, in iron rich environments, it causes stress by affecting various physiological activities including ROS generation and detoxification machineries. Here, we investigated the protective role of antioxidative enzymes and antioxidants against iron-induced oxidative stress in the cyanobacteria, Anabaena sphaerica from the iron rich regions of Chhattisgarh. We evaluated various morpho-physiological modifications at different concentrations of iron (0, 20, 50, 75 and 100 µM FeCl3). Microscopic and physiological characterization showed highest order of structural deformities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation at 100 µM FeCl3 but growth was reduced only by 28 %. Possibly, maximum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities along with highest level of antioxidants (carotenoid, proline, cysteine and non protein thiol) played a major role in protecting the growth. As compared to 20 µM FeCl3 treated cells of A. sphaerica, almost equal growth and no structural alterations at 50 and 75 µM FeCl3 may be correlated with minimum ROS, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content along with an activation of efficient ROS detoxification machinery i.e. enhanced level of antioxidative enzymes and antioxidants. Thus, the inherited property of A. sphaerica to grow at iron enriched condition make it more efficient microbe for improvement of the nitrogen status in the soil.
9 illus, 2 tables, 45 ref
GOSWAMI D, DAGLA H R
042237 GOSWAMI D, DAGLA H R (Botany Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Email: hrdagla@gmail.com) : Standardization of 1- and 2-D protein profiling of Haloxylon species: Basis of proteome analysis of haloxerophytes. Indian J Exp Biol 2020, 58(7), 487-92.
One and two dimensional electrophoresis is a powerful technique for separation of proteins from complex biological sources. These are effective techniques of gene expression analysis at translational level especially for the species of which genome is not yet sequenced. High resolution electrophoresis separation of proteins from complex biological systems is crucial in protein science. Three protein extraction methods, such as Phenol, Multi detergent and TCA acetone were analyzed in the present investigation to find out appropriate protein extraction method amenable to one dimensional (1-D) and two dimensional (2-D) protein profiling of Haloxylon recurvum and H. salicornicum. Plant species selected for the present investigation are major components of saline and arid ecosystem and valuable source of food additives, nutritional ingredients, herbal medicines and fuel in the region. Phenolic components present in these plants are major hindrances for extraction of pure proteins. High concentrations of good quality proteins represented by clear, intense and more bands/spots in 1-D and 2-D gels were extracted with Phenol extraction method in comparison to TCA acetone and Multi detergent methods. This is possibly the first report on extraction and purification of proteins amenable to 1-D and 2-D proteome profiling of Haloxylon species of Indian arid zone, and forms a basis for further comparative proteome analysis of these two contrasting species with respect to salinity and drought tolerant ability for prospects.
3 illus, 1 table, 43 ref
GADHVI K V, RAI P D, LAVHALE M S, MISHRA S H
042225 GADHVI K V, RAI P D, LAVHALE M S, MISHRA S H (Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational and Technical Education, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Email: raipallav@gmail.com) : Development and evaluation of a novel herbal formula for tobacco cessation in nicotine addicted rat model. Indian J Exp Biol 2020, 58(6), 381-8.
Tobacco addiction is a major cause of disabilities and premature death. Numerous therapies for de-addiction are available; however, nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms pose problems for addicts. Here, we developed novel herbal formulations using natural plant parts and evaluated for de-addiction of nicotine. Parts of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, Avena sativa L., Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Acacia catechu (L.f.)Willd., Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. were formulated in three formulations containing alcohol extracts (AELF), aqueous extracts (WELF) and powdered herbs (PHLF). Swiss albino Wistar rats were addicted with nicotine 10 mg/kg/day for first five days and 20 mg/kg/day for next 10 days subcutaneously. Control rats were administered with 0.9 % NaCl (Group VII) and addicted animals were treated with bupropion, 40 mg/kg, p.o. (Group I), rid-tobak, 200 mg/kg, p.o. (Group II), AELF, 200 mg/kg, p.o. (Group III), WELF, 200 mg/kg, p.o. (Group IV), PHLF, 200 mg/kg, p.o. (Group V), 0.5 % sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, p.o. (Group VI) for 15 days. The animals were subjected to Y-maze test, swimming endurance test, behavioural studies on Day 0, 1, 6, 11 and on Day 16 after withdrawal of nicotine. On Day16, brain dopamine and serum cortisol levels were measured. Rats treated with AELF and PHLF showed significant improvement in behavioural parameters, increased brain dopamine level and decreased serum cortisol levels thus being a promising choice for tobacco cessation.
7 illus, 1 table, 42 ref
SEN S K, BEHERA L M
043859 SEN S K, BEHERA L M (Botany Dep, Panchayat Coll Bargarh, Odisha) : Ethno-medicinal uses of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. in Bargarh district, Odisha. Int J Herb Med 2020, 8(2), 22-4.
Bargarh is one among 30 districts and is situated in the western part of Odisha. Diverse climate and habitat of Bargarh district provide favourable condition for existence of variety of plant species. The tribals and rural people living in the hilly regions and remote areas of the district use various plants to cure for various diseases and ailments. Indiscriminate use of some plants of ethnomedicinal importance has resulted in gradual extinction of them. Proper awareness regarding the use of these medicinal plants among the tribals and other rural population is, therefore, necessary. The present paper deals with such an important medicinal plant species of ethnomedicinal importance, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. of family oleaceae. Its plant parts such as roots, leaves and flowers are used in traditional medicine. Local inhabitant of this region use its different parts to cure different diseases and ailments such as asthma, malarial fever, intermittent fever, constipation, stomach disorder, spleen enlargement, bed sores, sciatica, anthelmintic, killing lice and removing dandruff.
26 ref
CHOLE P, RAVI L
043822 CHOLE P, RAVI L (Botany Dep, St. Joseph’s Coll (Autonomous), Bengaluru - 560 027, Karnataka, Email: lokesh.ravi@sjc.ac.in) : A review on medicinal potential of Terminalia catappaTerminalia catappa. Int J Green Pharm 2020, 14(3), 229-34.
Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the fruiting plant family Combretaceae, comprising around 100 species. Terminalia catappa is a common tree in India that is native to Southeast Asia. This is large growing tree found in tropical and subtropical area. T. catappa is a well-recognized medicinal plant in Ayurveda. It is vastly grown for its edible nuts. In this review, the pharmaceutical potential of T. catappa and its phytochemical constituents are discussed. It is a proven source for antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anticancer, and wound healing activities based on ethnobotanical usage that is investigated by researchers for pharmaceutical applications. This review concludes that T. catappa is a medicinally valuable plant, with huge pharmacological and phytochemical benefits.
1 table, 24 ref
RAMESH B S
043804 RAMESH B S (Botany Dep, St. Joseph’s Coll (Autonomous), Bengaluru - 560 027, Karnataka, Email: rameshbs87@gmail.com) : Comparative evaluation of antioxidant and hemolytic potential of ornamental plants Ficus benjamina, Antigonon leptopus, and Amaranthus tricolor. Int J Green Pharm 2020, 14(1), 73-8.
Ficus benjamina, Amaranthus tricolor, and Antigonon leptopus are belonging to the families Moraceae, Amaranthaceae, and Polygonaceae, respectively. The dried powder of these leaves was extracted with methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. These extracts were tested to antioxidant free radical scavenging assay and hemolytic activity. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of these extracts was performed using two assays such as 2,2,-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging assay using quercetin as standard. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate showed remarkable antioxidant activity having respective IC50 values such as 31.44, 38.21, 42.2, 26.02, and 17.40 µg/ml, respectively. In ABTS radical scavenging assay, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, methanol, and ethyl acetate showed remarkable antioxidant activity having respective IC50 values such as 13.7, 77.67, 13.90, and 18.33 µg/ml, respectively. Hemolytic activity showed positive results for all the plant extracts tested for their hemolysis abilities. The study concludes that, among the tested plant extracts, ethyl acetate extract of A. leptopus showed highest antioxidant potential. This study gives a summary of the antioxidant and antihaemolytic potential of different extracts of F. benjamina, A. leptopus and A. tricolor.
1 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref
RAVI L, SADHANA V , JINDAM D , KUMARESAN S, SELVARAJ V
043801 RAVI L, SADHANA V , JINDAM D , KUMARESAN S, SELVARAJ V (Botany Dep, St. Joseph’s Coll (Autonomous), Bengaluru - 560 027, Karnataka, Email: Lokesh.ravi@sjc.ac.in) : Antibiotic potential of phytochemicals in Punica granatum pericarp and their proposed mechanism of action by in silico studies. Int J Green Pharm 2020, 14(1), 49-56.
Punica granatum is a very important plant with commercial interest and is known for its antioxidant potential. The pericarp is a leftover unwanted part of the fruit that has been reported to have several medicinal uses in traditional medicine. This study focuses on analyzing the antibacterial potential of the pericarp extracts and predicts its mechanism of action by in silico studies. Antibacterial activity of P. granatum extracts was analyzed using agar-well-diffusion assay. The phytochemicals reported from pericarp of P. granatum were analyzed for ADMET properties using SwissADME tool. The molecules were subjected to protein-ligand docking study using AutoDock-4. Polar extracts of the pericarp demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), i.e., acetone extract showed highest activity with 18 mm zone of inhibition against MRSA and ethanol extract showed 16 mm zone of inhibition against S. aureus. The non-polar extract had no significant antibacterial activity. All ten molecules were predicted to be suitable drug-like molecules, with biocompatible physiochemical parameters. Among the analyzed ten phytochemical molecules, flavogallol and ursolic acid demonstrated significant enzyme inhibition potential against dihydrofolate reductase and topoisomerase-IV with a free binding energy of −11.0 kcal/mol and −10.7 kcal/mol, respectively. This suggests that the phytochemicals in the polar extracts of P. granatum pericarp exhibit a synergistic antagonism against Gram-positive bacteria. Further purification of individual molecules and investigation of their antagonistic activity are currently IN progress.
3 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref
PASAMONTE G S
045449 PASAMONTE G S (San Mateo Vocational and Industrial High School, Isabela, Philippines) : Carbon sequestration potential of the secondary growth forest along the Abuan watershed at Ilagan, Isabela. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(6), 55-9.
The Abuan watershed had experienced deforestation due to illegal deforestation, poaching and land conversion. This has resulted to the loss of its ecosystem services. In the watershed area, restoration efforts showed encouraging results where secondary forest is flourishing. Secondary forest growth provides tremendous potential for large amounts of carbon sequestration. This study aimed to determine the carbon sequestration potential of the secondary growth forest along Abuan watershed in Ilagan, Isabela. Specifically, it was conducted to identify the tree species present in the area and estimate the amount of carbon sequestered annually by the above ground carbon cover of the trees in the study area. Ten (10) sampling points measuring 20m x 20m were established using Point center quarter method (PCQM). Tree census was conducted and identification was done up to its species level. The amount of carbon sequestered by the trees was measured. Twenty six (26) species was documented. The above ground carbon by the trees in the watershed is calculated at 18,452 kg. The species Shorea concorta (White lauan) has the highest amount of carbon sequestered while Dipterocarpus validus (Hagakhak) species sequestered the lowest. The age, height and DBH are directly proportional to the amount of carbon sequestration. Thus, the younger the tree, the higher the amount of carbon sequestered and the older the tree, the lower the amount of carbon sequestration. In addition, the taller and wider the tree, the higher carbon sequestration potential per year. It is recommended that below ground potential including the carbon-sink function of the soil be included in estimating the carbon sequestration potential of the secondary growth forest to understand fully this ecosystem function.
1 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref
KUMARI A, SOOD N
045445 KUMARI A, SOOD N (Botany Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra, Haryana) : A comparative study of traditional knowledge of Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea among four villages of Jaipur district of Rajasthan. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(6), 16-20.
An ethnobotanical survey through person to person contact was conducted in four villages of Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India to assess the extent of traditional knowledge about medicinal uses of Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea amongst rural folks. During survey medicinal uses from previous documented literature were discussed with villager informants comprised of heterogenous group with respect to sex, qualification and age. Information was gathered in a designed format and PCTK scoring (Person’s Carrying Traditional Knowledge) was calculated. On the basis of PCTK % age scoring and number of medicinal uses narrated/village, both the species were compared. It was found that ethnomedicinal knowledge was highly degraded in Calotropis gigantea as there was no single informant to narrate its traditional use indicating thereby high level TK degradation.
2 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref
ACHARYA R, JANI S, HARISHA C R , SHUKLA V J
043797 ACHARYA R, JANI S, HARISHA C R , SHUKLA V J (Institute for Postgraduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat) : Phytopharmacognostical, genetic barcoding, and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation on stem bark of Combretum decandrum Jacq.. Int J Green Pharm 2020, 14(1), 13-22.
Atundi or Kara kukundi (Combretum decandrum Jacq.) is an ethnobotanical plant traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments and Stem bark, is used as a substitute of betel nut for chewing. Review of literature revealed that the plant has been recently explored on pharmacognostical and analytical aspects focusing on its root, stem, and leaf, but stem bark remains unexplored. In present study, pharmacognostical, analytical, and in vitro antimicrobial activity of stem bark have been explored. All studies were carried out by the following standard protocols and statistics was applied using Microsoft Excel worksheet. Stem bark is brownish in color while inner surface is brown in color with splintery fibrous facture. Diagrammatic T.S. of stem bark shows cork, several layers of cortex often embedded with cluster and rosette crystal with uniseriate medullary rays. Water extractive value is 20.52 ± 2.67. Qualitative test revealed presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids, and tannin in aqueous and methanol extracts. High performance thin layer chromatography study revealed 5 peaks and 4 peaks at short and long ultraviolet respectively. The antimicrobial activity of C. decandrum stem bark (CDSt.Br.) aqueous extract reveals that there is considerable increase in zone of inhibition with increase in concentration. The macroscopic key identification character of CDSt.Br. is that inner surface is brown in color with splintery fibers and microscopy character is the presence of abundant cluster and rosette crystals. The antimicrobial activity of CDSt.Br. aqueous extract reveals that maximum zone of inhibition is observed at 200 mg/ml.
6 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref
SIRIGERI S, BELAGALI S L
045443 SIRIGERI S, BELAGALI S L (Mysore Univ, Mysuru, Karnataka) : Analysis of Tabebuia rosea oil and Tabebuia rosea oil methyl esters using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(6), 6-9.
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy method was used for the analysis of phytochemicals present in Tabebuia rosea seed oil and its biodiesel. FT-IR spectra of Tabebuia rosea seed oil and its biodiesel have been recorded in the region 2925 - 604 Cm-1. FT-IR is a vibrational spectroscopy that records absorptions of IR light by chemical bonds in all molecules including polymers. The different frequency ranges and their different functional groups were analyzed during the study period. FT-IR spectroscopy of the Tabebuia rosea seed oil reveals diverse functional groups and there by confirmed the possible presence of phytochemicals such as Terpenoids, Steriods, Flavonoids, Tannins, Coumarins, etc.
2 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref
CHUKWUEMEKA I S, CHIZORUO I F, UGOCHUKWU I W
045442 CHUKWUEMEKA I S, CHIZORUO I F, UGOCHUKWU I W (Imo State Univ, Owerri, Nigeria) : Phytochemical screening, Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy studies and antioxidant property of aqueous extract of Ogbono (Irvingia gabonensis). J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(6), 1-5.
This work presents Phytochemical Screening, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy Studies and Antioxidant Property of aqueous extract of Ogbono (Irvingia gabonensis). Standard chemical and biochemical chemicals and analytical techniques were used for this study. The phytochemical screening of the of the samples showed the presence of various secondary metabolites of which alkaloids, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside andalkaloids are moderately present while tannis, saponins, steroids, protein and reducing sugar were the most prominent as shown in the results. Antioxidant activities of Ogbono (Irvingia gabonensis) determined by the free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) assay method indicated a steady increase in the scavenging activity of free radicals in all extracts. It was observed that the ability of test materials to scavenge DPPH was assessed on the basis of their IC50 values, defined above as the concentration of test material to reduce the absorbance at 515 nm of DPPH solution to half of its initial value. The high antioxidant potential, free radical scavenging activity and antioxidative enzymes of Ogbono (Irvingia Gabonensis) should be utilized to develop new drug contenders for antioxidant remedy.
3 tables, 26 ref
MANIMEKALAI P, KAVEENA R, NAVEENA S, NIVETHA S, NIVETHA N
045441 MANIMEKALAI P, KAVEENA R, NAVEENA S, NIVETHA S, NIVETHA N (Pharmacology Dep, Swamy Vivekanandha Coll of Pharmacy, Tiruchengodu, Tamil Nadu) : A review on pharmacognostical and phytochemical study of (Digera muricata L.). J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(5), 52-6.
The conventional medicine practitioners use the medicinal plants extensively in their day-to-day work to treat different diseases. The most useful traditional medicinal plant in India is Digera muricata (Amaranthaceae). While no such phytopharmacological research has been undertaken, it is still regarded as a promising source of specific natural products for medication production and battle against different diseases. The Digera muricata has demonstrated numerous pharmacological activities in each portion of its Allied Species (leaves, bovine, base, seed, root and also entire herb) including prophylactic, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-testicular, anthelmintic, allelopathic, and defensive effects thus utilized in the treatment of renal disorders, kidney stones, defective proteins, nephrotoxicity, dysfunctional proteins, increase level of urine creatinine, protein, nitrite, stercobilinogen, red blood cells, leucocytes count and levels of blood urea nitrogen. It is also observed to be successful against human carcinogenicity and also induces degradation of glutathione, contributing to intracellular oxidative stress. This study summarizes Digera muricata's literature on botanical and pharmacological discourse.
1 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref
HARSHITA P S, YASASWI P S, RAJESHWARI M, JYOTHI V, SONALI K
045439 HARSHITA P S, YASASWI P S, RAJESHWARI M, JYOTHI V, SONALI K (Sarojini Naidu Vanita Pharmacy Mahavidyalaya, Secunderabad, Telangana) : Anti-urolithiasis activity of Vaccinium macrocarpon fruits: An in vitro study. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(5), 25-31.
To perform the phytochemical screening and in vitro Calcium Oxalate anti-urolithaitic activity of Vaccinium macrocarpon aqueous and ethanolic fruit extracts. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts from, fruit pulp was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and the anti-urolithiasis activity was evaluated on in vitro models like Calcium Oxalate dissolution assay, Calcium Oxalate nucleation and aggregation assay. Following the phytochemical screening it was concluded that the ethanolic and aqueous extracts were found to be rich in flavonoids, steroids, phenols, coumarins, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. The anti urolithiatic activity was found to be dose dependent. A 35.6±0.06 and 33.43±0.02 percentage of Calcium Oxalate nucleation was exhibited by the 40mg/ml aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively, while percentage inhibition of Calcium Oxalate aggregation was found to be 32.2±0.06 and 34.6±0.02 by 40mg/ml dilution of aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively. However the aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited a higher capacity to dissolve the Calcium Oxalate crystals prepared homogenously. Percentage inhibitions of 44.2±0.06 and 47.3±0.02 were shown by the aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively. The study indicates that the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vaccinium macrocarpon fruits showed inhibition against the important phases of Calcium Oxalate urolithiasis like nucleation and aggregation. It also aids the dissolution of the Calcium Oxalate crystals prepared. Owing to the rich presence of polyphenols and flavanoids, Vaccinium macrocarpon proves to be an easily available and a beneficial alternative or adjunctive treatment for Calcium Oxalate urolithiasis. Further in vivo and clinical explorations are required to confirm the efficacy of Vaccinium macrocarpon as an antiurolithiatic.
2 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref
ADAM ADENIKE A, OMOGBENE TEMITOPE O
045438 ADAM ADENIKE A, OMOGBENE TEMITOPE O (Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria) : Phytochemical and Phytomineral (macro and trace) compositions of the leaf, stem bark and root of Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(5), 20-4.
Foreign invasions and essential elements inadequacy in the body result in abnormal biological functions of the body, however, medicinal plants trigger desired therapeutic effects through their available phytochemicals and mineral supplementations. Blighia sapida is employed traditionally for the treatment of conjuctivitis, diarrhoea, epilepsy, malaria, internal haemorrhage, ulcer, migraine and as a laxative, among others. This study was designed to analyze the phytochemicals and essential elements present in B.sapida leaf, stem bark and root. The result obtained showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and saponins in all the plant parts but anthraquinones. The highest concentrations of Ca, Mg and K were recorded in the stem bark (6.57±0.16 mg/g), and leaf (1.07±0.03 mg/g and 0.44±0.01 mg/g) respectively while the leaf had the highest concentration of Mn, Fe, P and Cu (0.0116±0.00 mg/g, 0.4747±0.03 mg/g, 0.1142±0.00 mg/g and 0.0011±0.00 mg/g) respectively. This study justifies the ethnopharmacological uses of B. sapida, thus, further studies on the mechanism of action are paramount in order to elucidate the therapeutic roles of all the phytoconstituents.
2 tables, 39 ref
LAWATI Z A, LAWATI A A
045436 LAWATI Z A, LAWATI A A (Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman) : Uses, local practices and side effects of six medicinal plants in the sultanate of Oman: A review article. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(5), 5-13.
Over the years, ethno-botanical and traditional medicine has received great interest by our society. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has sixty herbal medicines registered for ethno-medical usage in Oman, with acknowledged use by 80-99% of the population. These plants are, collectively, believed to have analgesic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral and in some instances immune modulatory properties. Despite being widely used locally, the majority of people are oblivious about the possible side effects that follow erroneous usage. As plants have been widely incorporated in traditional medicine, plant poisoning has become a worldwide concern. Locally, these plants appear to be readily available all over the Country. This article discusses six different plants that are used frequently by the natives of Oman and are widely available here; being Nerium oleander, Adenium obesum, Euphorbia cactus, Ficus cordata, Datura metel and Calotropis procera. The aim is to highlight the distribution of those plants in the Country, their medical and non-medical uses, poisonous parts and finally toxicity and possible side effects. The objective is to increase awareness among physicians, health care workers and the public about plants and their effects.
37 ref
LAL R K, GUPTA P, CHANOTIYA C S, MISHRA A, MAURYA R
045434 LAL R K, GUPTA P, CHANOTIYA C S, MISHRA A, MAURYA R (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, CSIR- CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) : Genetics of essential oil yield and their component traits in vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty). J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(4), 56-64.
The thirteen lines and five testers used for Line × tester analysis in vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) to estimate the general and specific combining ability and the other allied genetic parameters with respect to physiological traits, essential oil contents, yield of essential oil and other components. The mean squares of all the eleven traits were significant for variances GCA and SCA stipulating that additive and non-additive genes control these characters. The character root yield/plot (ml), female lines L4 (g.c.a.= 71.585, x̄/Mean= 553.33), L13 (g.c.a.= 63.918, x̄/Mean= 383.33), and among testers T3 (g.c.a.= 31.149, x̄/Mean= 583.33) followed by T1 (g.c.a.= 26.046, x̄/Mean= 433.33) were the better general combiners; In the essential oil trait the female lines L1 (g.c.a.= 0.240, x̄/Mean= 0.80) followed by L3 (g.c.a.= 0.143, x̄/Mean= 0.81), L2 (g.c.a.= 0.111, x̄/Mean= 0.85), L9 (g.c.a.= 0.203, x̄/Mean= 0.78) were the better general combiners. For the character the essential oil/plot (g) the female lines L10 (g.c.a.= 1.156, x̄/Mean= 0.97), L7 (g.c.a.= 0.869, x̄/Mean= 3.50), L11 (g.c.a. = 0.802, x̄/Mean=5.00), L9 (g.c.a.= 0.669, x̄/Mean= 1.67), and L2 (g.c.a. = 0.556, x̄/Mean=2.57), and among testers T3 (g.c.a.= 0.391, x̄/Mean= 4.67) and T4 (g.c.a.=0.330, x̄/Mean=5.67) were the better general combiners. The heritability in the narrow sense was low in all the traits (008-3.796 %) and in most of the traits genetic advance was poor (0.008-2.93) except the two traits i.e. high namely root yield/plot (ml) 180.44 and stomatal conductance (160.99) %. The relative magnitude of SCA variance was higher than GCA for all the traits in the present investigation, depicting the predominance of non-additive gene action for inheritance of these characters. The hybrids L7× T3 followed by L10× T5, L2×T3 and L4×T5 were best for the essential oil yield of better quality and the three hybrids showed high mean performance for the khusimol content (%) namely, L8 × T4 (34.50), L3 × T1 (34.30) and L13 × T4 (34.17) % with high s.c.a. could be exploited for large area cultivation.
2 illus, 6 tables, 25 ref
SHALINI W
045433 SHALINI W (L.M.S. P.G.Coll, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand) : Medicinal qualities of plants traced from their appearance, shape and colour. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(4), 40-2.
Human beings have always had recourse to nature for life and health. From time immemorial, plants have played a significant role as protective and curative agents. At present of about 75% of our medicines, we rely on the curative properties of plants. Many medicinal herbs are stamped as it were, with some clear indication of their uses. The inner qualities and healing powers of the plants might also be revealed by external sign. Appearance of plants or their parts points to the ailment they treat. It is believed that from the outward shapes and qualities of things we may know their inwards virtues. Methodology: The curative properties of plants might be revealed by external signs. This appears to hold true from the cases examined in various plants. During different work shop and in research period it is found that the red colour of gum, flowers and wood cure diseases or ailments related to blood, burns and sunstroke. The white colour latex would help cure complaints about milk production or flow of milk. The white flowered variety of Clitoria ternata cure leucoderma, a skin disease in which the skin develops while colouration. Yellow sap, extract, wood or plant itself would cure yellowing of body or jaundice. Plants bearing spines would cure scorpion sting, snake bite or ant bite. Tubercles raised on bark are thought to be beneficial in treating pimples.
1 table, 19 ref
HOP N V, XIONG C C, NHUNG P T, QUY N V
045428 HOP N V, XIONG C C, NHUNG P T, QUY N V (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ, Fujian, China) : Indigenous knowledge in using plants for alcohol yeast of the Tay ethnic group in Vietnam: A case study at Ham Yen district, Tuyen Quang province. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(4), 6-13.
The traditional knowledge of making leaf yeast to produce alcohol has a history of thousands of years and is the culinary culture of many Vietnamese people. The Tay ethnic group in Ham Yen district, Tuyen Quang province is one of them but has not been studied. This study aim (1) identifies the composition of forest plants to make leaf yeast, (2) the knowledge of K'Ho people to make leaf yeast for alcohol production, and (3) Challenges in preserving alcohol production traditional. The method of ethno-botany studies by Gary J. Martin (2002) was used in this study. A total of 29 species, 25 genera belonging to 18 plant families were used as leaf yeast by the Tay people. Among them, 16 species are the main ingredients to make leaf yeast. Most of them are distributed in the forest, forest edge, and some planted in the garden. There were 4 life-forms including herbaceous (37.93 %), vines (34.48 %), shrubs (20.69 %), timber (6.9 %) were recorded. There were 6 parts used were used by Tay people to make leaf yeast, of which leaves is the most (42.11 %), the lowest is fruits and roots (2.63 %). The method of making leaf yeast, brewing of leaf yeast, and alcohol production were documented in this study. The challenges of preserving indigenous knowledge about the production of leaf yeast for alcohol production by the Tay people also were discussed.
7 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref
SHINDE A A, HASE D P
045427 SHINDE A A, HASE D P (Amrutvahini Coll of Pharmacy, Maharashtra) : Isolation of carpaine from Carica Papaya leaves by using LCMS. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(4), 1-5.
Papaya (Carica papaya Linn.) is commonly known for its food and nutritional values throughout the world. The medicinal properties of papaya fruit and other parts of the plant are also well known in traditional system of medicine. Since, each part of papaya tree possesses economic value, it is grown on commercial scale. During the last few decades considerable progress has been achieved regarding the biological activity and medicinal application of papaya and now it is considered as valuable nutraceutical fruit plant. Carica papaya, is an lozenge tropical fruit, often seen in orange-red, yellow-green and yelloworange hues, with a rich orange pulp. The fruit is not just delicious and healthy, but whole plant parts, fruit, roots, bark, peel, seeds and pulp are also known to have medicinal properties. The many benefits of papaya owed due to high content of Vitamins A, B and C, proteolytic enzymes like papain and chymopapain which have antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial properties.
4 illus, 3 tables, 51 ref
ABIRAME S, HERATH H M N B, AIJ J, KUMARA K N P, BANDARA K M L, MADUSHIKA K A T, ISHARA S P, WIJAYABANDARA J, MALKANTHI S
045426 ABIRAME S, HERATH H M N B, AIJ J, KUMARA K N P, BANDARA K M L, MADUSHIKA K A T, ISHARA S P, WIJAYABANDARA J, MALKANTHI S (Bandaranayke Memorial Ayurveda Research Institute, Sri Lanka) : Ethnopharmacy of nawapatala varthi. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(3), 52-4.
Indigenous medicine defines as an inheritance of country, or a group of people. This can be different from country to country or nation to nation. With the arrival of Ayurveda medical system from india, the indigenous medical system was mixed with it and now a days, the combination of these two types of medical treatments can be seen when practicing. The indigenous medicine always has been based on culture, environment and climate etc. The significant features in indigenous medicine can be mentioned as below, less theoretical parts and more practicable parts. The medicines prepared by indigenous plants bringing of knowledge of medication from generation to generation. Special words can be seen and using of Guli, Kalka and Basna for treatments. The drug preparation methods were in certain indigenous text books. Preparation of drugs, clinical diagnosis, surgical instruments and operations, ear nose and throat diseases, eye diseases, tuberculosis, insanity, epilepsy and obstetrics and a number of other subjects of medical importance have been mentioned in that text books. Some of them are Chandramihirava, Prayoga Rathnavali, Bhesajja Manjusa, Yogaratnakara & Varayogasaraya. Vatikaprakarana is also a medical book that use even today. It is also known as the hand book of Desheeya Chikithsa. From historical point of view it is evident that drugs of Desheeya Chikithsa and procedure based therapies are exceedingly used in alleviating wide range of ocular conditions. Nawapatala Varthi is most important lepa type (external application) and it is mostly used in Desheeya Chikithsa for various types of eye diseases in various vattoru (Recipes). In this study is an attempt has been made to present the data (primary data as well secondary data) of various vattoru of Nawapatala Varthi.
2 tables, 4 ref
SONI K K, PATHAK B
045424 SONI K K, PATHAK B (Genetics Dep, Delhi Univ, New Delhi) : Ethnomedicinal properties of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(3), 44-6.
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a plant from indigenous of Paraguay has low caloric natural sweetening property. It is ~300 times more sweeter than sugar due to presence of several glycosides. Being a noncarbohydrate sweetener, it is being used as food additive. Stevia play many wide range of medicinal properties. This herb is also used in traditional ayurvedic by local people.
2 tables, 22 ref
NYAMWAMU N C, OKARI O J, GISESA W N O
045423 NYAMWAMU N C, OKARI O J, GISESA W N O (Plant Science Dep, Kenyatta Univ, Keroka, Kenya) : A survey of medicinal plants used by the gusii community in the treatment of digestive disorders and other inflammatory conditions. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(3), 21-33.
An ethnomedical survey of plants used by Abagusii traditional healers of South West Kenya in the treatment of digestive system disorders and other inflammatory conditions was carried out and 26 plant species representing 18 families were botanically identified. It was found that in this ethnic group there were a great variety of healing practices, for example, steam inhalation techniques, fumigations like incense, blood-letting, hydrotherapy and many other beliefs. This study also revealed that the Abagusii healers have an extensive knowledge of their flora. This study also revealed that there is a rapid disappearance of many indigenous herbal medicinal plants, hence the need for conservation measures to be taken.
22 ref
AZEEM A, ZEB A, UMER S, ALI G, KHAN Y
045422 AZEEM A, ZEB A, UMER S, ALI G, KHAN Y (Northeast Normal Univ, Changchun, China) : Ethno botanical studies of Tatta Pani Valley, Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) Pakistan. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(3), 14-20.
A comprehensive ethno botanical survey was conducted in valley Tatta Pani, Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir, during 2015-2016. The area is floristically very rich with dense vegetation cover. Semistructured interviews and questionnaires were used to ethno botanical data from local inhabitants of Tatta Pani. A total number of 70 species belonging to 33 families were recorded. Of these 70 species 50 (71.42 %) are medicinally important, followed by feed 25 (35.71 %), fuel 17 (24.28 %), marketing 15 (21.42 %), timber wood 7 (10 %), fencing/hedge 6 (8.57) and ornamental 5 (7.1 %). The most frequently used plant part was leaf 48 (70 %) followed by stem 39 (67.1 %), fruit 23 (32.85 %), seeds 17 (24.28 %) and flower 7 (7.1 %). Habit wise classification of the plant species of the study area revealed 27 (38.57 %) trees followed by 26 (37.14 %) herbaceous, 12 (17.14 %) shrubs and 8 (11.42 %) climbers. The community of the area depends on natural resources for firewood, feed, housing, timber and medicine due to lack of basic facilities. This is the first-ever exploration of the study area which will assist new researcher in future especially in the field of ecology and ethno botany.
4 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref
SAIKIA K, LALAWMPUII R, KALITA P
045421 SAIKIA K, LALAWMPUII R, KALITA P (Pharmacy Regional Institute of Paramedical and Nursing Sciences Dep, Aizawl, Mizoram, Assam) : Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of methanolic leaf extract of Blumea lanceolaria ROXB. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(3), 10-3.
The present study describes antioxidant activities and cytotoxic activity of methanolic leaf extract of Blumea lanceolaria (Astereceae). The antioxidant activities were determined by in-vitro screening models; DPPH radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide scavenging activity along with the estimation of total phenolic and flavfonoid content. From the result of DPPH radical scavenging activity and Nitric oxide scavenging activity the extract shows antioxidant activity with the IC50 values 55.56µg/ml and 70.60µg/ml respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were found to be 60.20 gallic acid equivalent /gm of dried extract and 60 quercetin equivalent/gm of dried extract. The cytotoxic activity was investigated by MTT assay on HeLa (Human cervical cancer) cell line. The MTT assay suggest that the leaf extract of Blumea lanceolaria exhibited moderate cytotoxicity (20100) against HeLa cell lines with IC50 95.63µg/ml.
2 tables, 13 ref
NASIR A, FATMA G, NESHAT N, AHMAD M A
045420 NASIR A, FATMA G, NESHAT N, AHMAD M A (Ain Dep, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi) : Pharmacological and therapeutic attributes of garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) with special reference to Unani medicine-A review. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(3), 6-9.
Garlic, (Allium sativum) Linn. is a member of the family Liliaceae. It is known as Seer (Persian) and Saum (Arabic) in unani medicine, similarly in Sanskrit, garlic is commonly known as lahsuna or rasona. Garlic plays important role in daily diet and also helps in maintaining good health that’s why it is widely used as diet and medicine. The effects of garlic (Seer) have been largely attributed as Muhallil, Mulattif, Jali Musakhkhin, Mufatteh urooq, Mudirr-e- Baul (Diuretic), Muqatte-Akhlate ghaleeza, Muraqqiqe dam, antihyperlipidemic, antiphypertensive, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective activities. Garlic has many health benefits and has been traditionally used worldwide. The wealth of scientific literature supports the significant effects in Hummiyat kuhna (Intermittent fevers), Nazla muzmin (chronic catarrhs), Shaheeqa (whooping coughs), Sara’a (epilepsy), Dama (asthma), Deafness, Retention of urine, Zaheer (amoebic dysentery), Haiza (cholera), Zaghtuddam Qawi (hypertension), Ziyabetus (diabetes), Warme Meda (gastritis), Dafa-e-Ta’affun (anti-infective), Falij (paralysis), Hysteria, Asthma, Niqras (gout), Irqunnisa (sciatica), Jarab (scabies), Bars (Leucoderma) and very effective in scorpion bite. The essential chemical components of Garlic are helpful in daily routine for making physic fit which mainly from its main ingredient, allicine and others are diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, 1-propenyl allyl thiosulfonate, allyl methyl thiosulfonate etc. This drug is used in traditional medicine since long time and reference goes to Hippocrates and Avicena, so, this article briefly reviews the pharmacological and various therapeutic aspect of garlic which is mentioned in conventional medicine as well as Unani system of medicine.
1 illus, 2 tables, 50 ref
JAYASENA R M D, JAYARATHNE M N M
045419 JAYASENA R M D, JAYARATHNE M N M (Ayurveda Dep, North Western Province, Sri Lanka) : Literature review on Sri Lankan traditional formula in the management of obesity. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(3), 1-5.
Excess deposition of adipose tissue in the body is known as Obesity. World Health Organization cut-off values for Asians said that the percentage of Sri Lankan adults in the obese and centrally obese categories were 9.2 % and 26.2 %, respectively. Herbal drugs have been used in the treatment of Staulya since ancient times. The Sri Lankan traditional herbal formula consists of Nigella sativa, Saussurea lappa, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, Cassia fistula and Cassia senna. Mainly it has Katu, Tikta, Madura rasa, Laghu, Ruksha, Ushna, Teekshna and Sara guna, Ushna veerya, Katu vipaka and Vata-Kapha shamaka guna and Virechaka karma. Chemical composition of this formula as combination, has hypolipidemic activity and adipogenesis inhibition activity by reducing the fat absorption by bowels. Also it increases the bowel mortality and reduces the time of fat absorption. According to that the mentioned herbal formula is effective for the management of obesity related parameters.
1 table, 20 ref
DAMBHARE A V, PATIL P S, KHETADE R H, UMEKAR M J
045418 DAMBHARE A V, PATIL P S, KHETADE R H, UMEKAR M J (Quality Assurance Dep, Kamptee Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaja Univ, Nagpur, Maharashtra) : A review on: phytochemical screening and pharmacological activity on Madhuca longifolia. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(2), 54-60.
Herbal medicines obtained from plant source are one the healthy and having less side effects. Madhuca longifolia commonly called as mahua, mahuwa, mohula. Now a day such kind of tree involved in most activities of tribal people. The present investigation manages the macroscopical and microscopical investigation on leaves, petioles, stems and the wound healing activity of ethanolic extracts of leaves and bark of Madhuca. It is quickly developing tree that develops to around 20 meters in tallness and has a place with the family Sapotaceae. Mahua having Ethnomedical uses, for example, antitumour, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, calming, pain relieving, antiprogestational, antiestrogenic and furthermore having wound recuperating property. Customarily M. longifolia bark is utilized in tonsillitis, ulcers, bleedings and ailment. The present survey contains the different ethnomedical and customary employments of bark and leaves of Madhuca longifolia.
4 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref
MONISOLA A G, AIYELARI O P, OLAYINKA I F
045417 MONISOLA A G, AIYELARI O P, OLAYINKA I F (Kogi State Univ, Kogi , Nigeria) : Hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) production using different organic manure and inorganic fertilizer in Akure, Nigeria. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(2), 49-53.
Experiment on Capsicum annum production using different organic manure and inorganic fertilizer was conducted at the Crop Type’s Museum of Crop, Soil and Pest Management Department of Federal University of technology, Akure Nigeria. The treatments used were: (T1) Neem seed fertilizer @ 300kg/ha, (T2) sunshine organomineral fertilizer @300kg/ha, (T3) Ahes @5tonn/ha, (T4) cow dung @5tonn/ha, (T5) poultry manure @ 5tonn/ha, (T6) sheep and goat dung @5tonn/ha, (T7) pig dung @ 5tonn/ha, (T8) N.P.K @300kg/ha and (T9) control replicated three time. Plant height (cm), number of leaves, number of branches, stem girth (cm), cumulative number of fruits and weight of fruits (g) were measured. Results from the study showed that, highest yield value was obtained in plots where 300kg/ha of sunshine organomineral fertilizer was applied while lowest yield value was obtained in control. This suggested that for optimum production of pepper, 300kg/ha of sunshine organomineral fertilizer may be applied particularly in the study area and its environment.
8 illus, 18 ref
ISLEEM R M, ALZAHARNA M M, SHARIF F A
045414 ISLEEM R M, ALZAHARNA M M, SHARIF F A (Medical Laboratory Sciences Dep, Gaza Univ, Palestine) : Synergistic anticancer effect of combining metformin with olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf crude extract on the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(2), 30-7.
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women globally. Several in vitro studies have shown that Metformin and Olive (Olea europaea L.) Leaf extract have anticancer activity when applied separately. This study investigates the impact of combining Metformin and olive leaves extract on MCF7 cancer cells. Extraction executed with Soxhlet using different solvents. Viability of MCF-7 cells following treatments were determined using MTT. Combinations were quantified using Chou and Talalay method. Expressions of TP53, BAD, BAX, CASP8, and Tristetraprolin were quantified using qPCR. Results show that various combination ratios elicited better antitumor effects on MCF-7 than singly. qPCR results show that Metformin acts through p53-independent apoptosis whereas Olive Leaf crude extract may have a different killing mechanism. In conclusion, the study shows for the first time that combining Olive Leaf extract with Metformin can significantly reduce viability of MCF-7 through a strong synergistic inhibitory effect.
7 illus, 6 tables, 25 ref
DJEHOUE R, AMOUSSA A M O, SANNI A, LAGNIKA L
045413 DJEHOUE R, AMOUSSA A M O, SANNI A, LAGNIKA L (Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Univ, Benin) : Phytochemical composition and antioxidant property of Dissotis rotundifolia used for malaria management in south Benin. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(2), 23-9.
Oxidative stress contributes to induction and progression of many diseases such as malaria. The antioxidant activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Dissotis rotundifolia were investigated using superoxide anion assay, hydrogen peroxide assay, Ferric Reducing Power method and 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl assay. Phytochemicals such as total phenolics and flavonoids were assessed by FolinCiocalteu and aluminum chloride methods. Ethanolic extract of D. rotundifolia showed the highest phenolic (217.12 ±3.63mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/g) and flavonoid (22.68 ±2.14 mg Equivalent Quercetin/g) contents. The same extract showed a higher antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 9.93 ±1.62 µg/mL for 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Superoxide anion radical scavenging (59.69 ±2.07 %), hydrogen peroxide scavenging (81.73 ±1.29 %) and ferric reducing power (910.33 ± 12.52 µmol Ascorbic Acid Equivalent/g) of ethanolic extract were also higher than aqueous extract. Dissotis rotundifolia has potent antioxidant activity which probably contributes to its effectiveness in malaria therapy.
4 illus, 4 tables, 44 ref
OYELAKIN A O, OLUBODE T P, OLAWALE B R
045411 OYELAKIN A O, OLUBODE T P, OLAWALE B R (Science Laboratory Technology Dep, Oyo State Coll of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora Oyo State, Nigeria) : Ethnobotanical survey and phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants used in treating digestive disorder. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(2), 38-42.
Digestive system disorders have a substantial effect on worldwide morbidity and mortality rates. The other remedy is to solve digestive disorder drug chemical drugs that are; Mixmag, Boscopand, Doxycycline, flangy, Hyoscine, Vitamin C, some of which have their side effect. Medicinal plants including Vernonia amygdalina, Terminalia chebula, Ocimum gratissimum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum are the main herbal agents traditionally used by most Nigeria people to treat digestive disorder particularly, in the rural areas. To value the traditional use of these plants, Ethno-medicinal survey of herbal plants used for digestive disorder was conducted in Ibarapa Area of Oyo state, Nigeria. Primary data was collected from 30 concoction and herbal sellers who were randomly selected through a cluster sampling procedure. The result revealed a modern age of 20-29 years sell the herbs and concoction of wh66.7% of which were females while 33.2% were males. According to the herbal sellers, Ocimum gratissimum, Vernonia amgdalina and Cinnamomum zeylanicum were the most used herbs for the treatment of digestive disorder. Phytochemical screening of the plants indicated that, plants metabolites like Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin, steroids, terpenoids, saponin, phenol and coumarin were present. However, quantitative study of the plants revealed that Ocimum gratissimum had the highest concentration of flavonoids (12.33mg/g), followed by Vernonia amygdalina (6.222mg/g) while the least was Cinnamomum zeylanicum (3.213mg/g). All the three plants were relatively high in tannin and total phenolic constituents. Therefore, presence of these phyto-chemical components could permit to justify their usage against digestive disorder.
4 tables, 18 ref
OLANA F H
045410 OLANA F H (Social Anthropology Dep, Salale Univ, Oromia, Ethiopia) : Plants used as medicine among the People of Gidda Kumbi Village of Nedjo district in Western Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(2), 6-13.
By the study, plants used as medicine in the study area were identified and discussed. All the medicinal plants revealed are categorized according to their knowledge types and describe about the source of the plant, values of the plants, and parts of the plant used as medicine. In addition, the use of these medicinal plants; preparation and application methods, along with the ranking preferences of the plant are discussed. Finally, discussion has made to relate the outcome of the study to existing literature and diseases/illnesses etiology, and types. The data collection was divided into two stages. At the first stage the prevalence’s of illnesses in the village were collected by the help of elders. For this, the researcher conducted 4 formal interviews. At the second stage the researcher applied mixed methodological approach to collect data on medicinal plants. The data were collected both from primary and secondary sources. The primary data were collected by using survey, key informant interview, and non-participant observation. The secondary data were also used. Forty different types of illnesses and diseases are revealed from the study area. These diseases and illnesses fall down into three disease etiology; personalistic, naturalistic and emotionalistic. These diseases/illnesses are also categorized into four according to the villager’s perception about the location of the diseases/illnesses; upper part, middle part, common part, and lower part. Based on the severity of the diseases/illnesses, these diseases/illnesses are classified into three; non serious, moderate serious, and grave. 49 medicinal plants are used by villagers to treat and prevent 23 types of diseases/illnesses prevalent in their village. Most of these medicinal plants are wild, while others are cultivated or grown near house either for other purposes or medicinal purpose. The most commonly part of plants used as medicine is leaf, followed by seed, and root respectively. The most common method of preparation of the medicine is squeezing, followed by dissolving, powdering, crushing, and others (boiling, roasting, burning and cooking) respectively, while some of these medicinal plants are used in raw form. The most common route of application of these medicinal plants is oral, followed by dermal, nasal, optical, and homeopathically respectively.
15 ref
KAVINA J, RANJITH V S, SATHYA B
045409 KAVINA J, RANJITH V S, SATHYA B (P.G. & Research Botany Dep, Pachaiyappa`s Coll, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) : Effect of EMS on chlorophyll mutagen in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(2), 1-5.
The present study was conducted to find out the mutagenic effect of EMS [Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (CH3 OSO2 C2H5)] in the local variety of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Fenugreek seeds were treated with different treatment of chemical mutagen. Two sets containing 400 healthy seeds were selected for treatment. To determine the LD50 value, fenugreek seeds were presoaked in double distilled water for 6 hours followed by EMS 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 %, 0.4 %, 0.5 %, 0.6 %, 0.7 %, 0.8 %, 0.9 % and 1.0 % concentrations respectively. The main objectives of this study were, to determine the optimum dose of LD50 value of EMS in Fenugreek, to isolate chlorophyll mutants based on changes in phenotypic traits.
2 tables, 30 ref
WÖLFLING M, UHL B, FIEDLER K
045385 WÖLFLING M, UHL B, FIEDLER K (Botany and Biodiversity Research Dep, Vienna Univ, Vienna- 1030, Austria, Email: konrad.fiedler@univie.ac.at) : Ecological drift and directional community change in an isolated mediterranean forest reserve—larger moth species under higher threat. J Insect Sci 2020, 20(5), 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa097.
Long-term data are important to understand the changes in ecological communities over time but are quite rare for insects. We analyzed such changes using historic museum collections. For our study area, an isolated forest reserve in North-East Italy, data from the past 80 yr were available. We used records of 300 moth species to analyze whether extinction risk was linked to their body size or to their degree of ecological specialization. Specialization was scored 1) by classifying larval food affiliations, habitat preferences, and the northern distributional limit and 2) by analyzing functional dispersion (FDis) within species assemblages over time. Our results show that locally extinct species (mean wingspan: 37.0 mm) were larger than persistent (33.2 mm) or previously unrecorded ones (30.7 mm), leading to a smaller mean wingspan of the moth community over time. Some ecological filters appear to have selected against bigger species. By using coarse specialization categories, we did not observe any relationship with local extinction risk. However, FDis, calculated across 12 species traits, significantly decreased over time. We conclude that simple classification systems might fail in reflecting changes in community-wide specialization. Multivariate approaches such as FDis may provide deeper insight, as they reflect a variety of ecological niche dimensions. With the abandonment of extensive land use practices, natural succession seems to have shifted the moth community toward a preponderance of forest-affiliated species, leading to decreased FDis values. Multivariate analyses of species composition also confirmed that the moth community has significantly changed during the last 80 yr.
5 illus, 2 tables, 60 ref
KUMARA , GAUTAM A S , SHUKLA U , SINGH V G , SRIVASTAVA V
043680 KUMARA , GAUTAM A S , SHUKLA U , SINGH V G , SRIVASTAVA V (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh) : Estimation of above-ground biomass and carbon stocking in tropical deciduous Forest of Lakhimpur Kheri Uttar Pradesh, India. Int J Ecol Environ Sci 2020, 2(4), 556-60.
The present study deals with the estimation of above- ground biomass and carbon stock of tree density, basal area, biomass and carbon stock with the help of non-destructive Volume equations method used in tropical deciduous forest in 0.1 ha permanent plots, established in sites Lakhimpur kheri forest is located at Uttar Pradesh. It was found that for inside the study area boundary, the dominant dense Sal forest decreased remarkably by 60 % and agricultural land by 52 %, mixed deciduous forest by 30 % and teak plantation area by 25 % recently a Above- ground biomass Variations in species composition, density, diameter distribution pattern, biomass and carbon stock at different forest sites were attributed to different forest sites. Above-ground biomass of each species was estimated taking tree volume and species specific gravity. Field measurements based methods used for survey, sampling in forest plot for density ranged from 100 trees ha-1 to total geographical area of Lakhimpur kheri 7,680 sq. km. The biomass ranged from 4.28 t·ha-1 to 42.7 t·ha-1 and carbon stock from 2.54 t·ha-1 to 30.6 t·ha-1 across the all different study sites. Tree species richness was highest at Gola gokaran nath and Dudhwa forest area. Forest surveying and data for estimating above-ground biomass density and the carbon stock stored in biomass of forest.
4 tables, 25 ref
DAS J , DAS M
043664 DAS J , DAS M (Botany Dep, Science and Technology Univ, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya) : Influence of physico-chemical parameters of water on the seasonal variations in algal bloom in dora beel, Assam, India. Int J Ecol Environ Sci 2020, 2(4), 478-83.
Algae sometimes referred to as the phytoplanktons, inhibit the upper sunlit layer of almost all freshwater ecosystems and form part of the lentic system biota. They are a highly diverse group of organisms that have important functions in aquatic habitats. The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton assemblages of Dora beel of Assam, India. A data set of environmental parameters and algal bloom occurrence, density and composition was analyzed seasonally (i.e., monsoon, post-monsoon, winter and pre-monsoon). Statistical treatment of data between phytoplankton species and seasons and the water parameters and seasons in a year indicate that the phytoplankton cell count, diversity and distribution of phytoplankton in the Dora beel is influenced both by the variabilities of season and water parameters.
4 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref
BASUMATARY R R , DAS R
043635 BASUMATARY R R , DAS R (Botany Dep, Science and Technology Univ, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya) : Diversity of nostocaceae (Cyanophyceae) of gossaigaon subdivision, Kokrajhar District, Assam, India. Int J Ecol Environ Sci 2020, 2(4), 322-7.
Gossaigaon is a subdivisional area of Kokrajhar district which is escaped attention of algal diversity by botanical researchers. The present studies was carried out on the diversity of family Nostocaceae, (cyanophyceae or blue green algae) during June 2017 to July 2018 (for one year) and a total 33 species were identified. However, it has attempt to explore the algal biodiversity systematically taking consideration on morphological characters. Among the identified species, Anabaena carried highest number (14) followed by Nostoc (8), Cylindrospermum (6), and Anabaenopsis, Wollea, Pseudanabaena and Aulosira represent by single species. Cyanophyceaen flora are sensitive to nutrient enrichment. It was found that the seasonal variation is a special character among these algae. Anabaena azollae is common and present in any kind of habitat water.
2 illus, 16 ref
KUMAR A, CHOUDHARY A , KAUR H
043617 KUMAR A, CHOUDHARY A , KAUR H (Botany Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab) : Centella asiatica: The paragon of medicinal values under threat. Int J Ecol Environ Sci 2020, 2(4), 241-8.
Centella asiatica is well known medicinal plants in herbal trades of India. It is commonly known as Brahmi, Gotu kola, mentioned as one of the oldest herb in medicinal systems. The diverse range of pharmacological properties validates by scientific studies with relevant to ethnomedicinal uses of Centella. The plant shows its potential as respiratory disorders, hepatic, spasmodic, cardiovascular and especially neural disorders. The literature on chemical constituents in every parts from root to leaves can prove more valuable pharmaceuticals for human health. Rapid advancement in the era of biotechnology with such type of herbs as trouser horse and create boon to pharmaceutical-industry. Various ethnomedicinal reports on local and traditional home remedies, proliferation of books, theories of medicinal practitioners were reported every years validates by documentation and research every year. In this review, approach was made to document the pharmacological and pharmaceutical uses. Numerous health care products using Centella formulations are already available in the market but always chance of new drug derivatives from a plant using phytochemicals will be there.
2 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref
SHARMA D , CHOUDHARY S K , SINHA A , GOURI K
043600 SHARMA D , CHOUDHARY S K , SINHA A , GOURI K (Botany Dep, Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur Univ, Bhagalpur, Bihar) : Variation in phytoplankton diversity and its relation with water quality index of the Budhi Gandak River at Khagaria Bihar India. Int J Ecol Environ Sci 2020, 2(4), 140-7.
The phytoplankton diversity of river Budhi Gandak of Khagaria (Bihar) in relation to certain physico-chemical factors was studied. A total of 81 genera of phytoplankton, belonging to four groups – chlorophyceae, cyanophyceae, bacillariophycae and euglenophyceae were found in the river water. The phytoplankton density in different seasons was in order of winter > summer > monsoon. The species belonging to bacillariophyceae were dominant. A significant positive correlation was established in between total density of phytoplankton and various physico- chemical factors such as TDS and conductivity. The species diversity of phytoplankton (H¯) varied from 0.3 to 2.8, the relative abundance of algal species indicate Navicula subtilissima, Melosira granulata and Synedra ulna as indicator of the pollution of the river. On the basis Shannon Weiner index river water was moderate to heavily polluted condition. WQI were in the range of poor category in monsoon season almost at all the three sites.
9 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref
KUMARI R , KUMARI R
043593 KUMARI R , KUMARI R (Botany Dep, Magadh Univ, Bodhgaya, Bihar) : Removing heavy metals like Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg) and other pollutants from water by aquatic weeds through phytoremediation: A review. Int J Ecol Environ Sci 2020, 2(4), 107-9.
Environmental pollution affects the quality of biosphere. Great attempts have been made in the last two decades to reduce pollution sources and mitigate the polluted water resources. Phytoremediation, being more cost-beneficial and fewer side effects than the traditional processes, has gained increasing popularity in both academic and practical life. Continues agricultural practices and other anthropogenic activities lead to heavy metals contamination. Over the past several years, scientists have discovered many examples of living plants that can remove heavy metals and other pollutants from water. Among the various techniques used. Phytoremediation is one of the least harmful, eco-friendly and natural method. Phytoremediation is based upon several process such as phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization and rhizofilteration. Researchers using a variety of plants have reported Phytoremediation of toxic metals. There have been a number of reports that aquatic weeds such as Eichhornia crassipes, Polygonum amphibium, Lemna minor, Oenathe javanica, Lepironia articulate and Potamogeton crispus can accumulate Pb, As, N, P, Cu, Ni, Cd, Fe and Hg from contaminated water (Mo et al., 1989; Jackson, et al., 1990; Dierberg, et al; 1987). This paper review the mechanisms involved in phytoremediation of heavy metals and other pollutants for water resources. This paper also review the focused on the capabilities of aquatic weeds and as an important tool in phytotechnologies in the controlling of contaminants in aquatic environment.
1 table, 18 ref
REGAR D , JAISWAL P
043579 REGAR D , JAISWAL P (Botany Dep, J.D.B. Govt. Girls Coll, Kota, Rajasthan) : Impact of vegetable oil mill effluents on soil characteristic in Bundi district, Rajasthan, India. Int J Ecol Environ Sci 2020, 2(4), 25-9.
Industries play a major role in polluting the water bodies and soil by discharging a large amount of untreated industrial wastewater as effluent which generally have high amount of suspended solids, dissolved solids, BOD, COD, chloride, sulphate, nitrates, calcium and magnesium. The continuous use of these effluents for irrigation affects the soil properties as well as crops. In the present study, physico-chemical parameters of soybean and mustard oil mill effluent and its effect on soil properties was determined with an objective to find out the concentration of vegetable oil mill effluents that can be used for irrigation. After treatment of the effluents pH, total suspended solids and COD is brought down to permissible limit for irrigation. The change in soil macro and micronutrients level is manageable nearer to reference values of these nutrients for irrigation purpose only at very low concentrations. Thus soybean and mustard oil mill effluent can be used at with irrigation water in very low concentrations but the contribution of OME in irrigation in agriculture on large scale must be evaluated for economic viability.
1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref