024350   Kariper I A;Ozpozan T (NO, Erciyes Univ, Education Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey, Email: akariper@gmail.com) : Optical and electronic properties of iron xanthate thin film. Indian J pure appl Phys 2014, 52(5), 348-53.

The iron xanthate thin films (IXTF) were deposited by the chemical bath deposition method on various substrates, such as amorphous glass, p and n-silicon, indium tin oxide and poly(methyl methacrylate). The structure of the films was analyzed by far-infrared spectrum (FIR), mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and their structural, optical and electrical properties were examined. Electrical properties were measured using the four-point method whereas optical properties were investigated via the UV-VIS spectroscopic technique. The transmittance was found to be 70-80% at optimum deposition time and temperature (4 h, 50°C). The optical band gap of the IXTF was graphically estimated to be 3.62-3.83 eV. The resistivity of the films was calculated to be between 23.5-38.5 Ω.cm on commercial glass depending on the film thickness and between 23.8-42.0 Ωúcm on the other substrates. It was found that resistivity changed with film thickness. The MIR and FIR spectra of the films were in line with the literature analogues.

12 illus, 36 ref

024349   Jasmine Vasantha Rani E;Kannagi K;Padmavathy R;Radha N (NO, Seethalakshmi Ramaswami College, Triuchirappalli-620 002, Email: kannagi.natraj@gmail.com) : Solvation effect and thermochemical study of some L-arginine salts in polar solvent using ultrasonic velocity. Indian J pure appl Phys 2014, 52(3), 155-61.

Ultrasonic velocity in non-aqueous electrolytic solutions has been measured which gives valuable information regarding the nature and strength of various interactions and the formation of hydrogen bonding. It also shows the behaviour of hydrogen such as molecular association and dissociation. Solvation is the association of solvent molecules with the solute ions in a solution. In the present study, the fundamental parameters of three amino acids namely, -arginine, -arginine mono hydrochloride and -arginine methyl ester dihydrocholoride in non-aqueous solution as a function of composition in the temperature range 278.15-328.15 K have been measured. Using these experimental value solvation number and the acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, apparent molal volume and apparent molal compressibility have been calculated for all the three systems. These results are analysed and eventually emphasizing the possible molecular interactions in terms of structure-making and structure-breaking effects of the above amino acids in the solvent.

4 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

024348   Eraiah B (Physics Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore-560 056, Email: eraiah@rediffmail.com) : Optical properties of zinc-vanadium glasses doped with samarium trioxide. Bull Mater Sci 2014, 37(2), 281-5.

Zinc-vanadium glasses doped with samarium oxide having the chemical composition ZnO(4_40-x) V₂O₅₍₆₀₎ (where x = 0.1-0.5 mol%) were prepared by melt quenching method. The density of these glasses was measured by Archimedes method; the corresponding molar volumes have also been calculated. The values of density range from - 29 - 3.7512 to 5.0535 gm/cm^{3 and those of molar volume range from 28.3004 to 37.6415 cm-3. The optical absorbance studies were carried out on these glasses to measure their energy bandgaps. The absorption spectra of these glasses were recorded in UV-Visible region. No sharp edges were found in the optical spectra, which verify the amorphous nature of these glasses. The calculated optical bandgap energies of these glasses were found to be in the range of 0.3173-0.6640 eV. The refractive index and polarizability of oxide ion have been calculated by using Lorentz-Lorentz relations. The values of refractive index range from 1.1762 to 1.2901 and those of polarizability of oxide ion range from 1 6906 x 1024 to 2.2379 x 10-24 cm3.}

7 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

024347   Ephraim Babu K;Murali N;Tirupathi Swamy D; Veeraiah V (Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science Laboratory, Physics Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: v_veeraiah@yahoo.co.in) : Structural and optoelectronic properties of cubic perovskite RbPbF₃. Bull Mater Sci 2014, 37(2), 287-93.

The structural and optoelectronic properties of cubic perovskite RbPbF₃ are calculated using all electrons full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The calculated lattice constant is in good agreement with the experimental result. The calculated band structure shows a direct band gap of 3.07 eV. The contribution of different bands is analysed from the total and partial density of state curves. We identified hybridization of Pb s, Pb p states with F p states in the valence bonding region. Calculations of the optical spectra, viz., the dielectric function, optical reflectivity, absorption coefficient, real part of optical conductivity, refractive index, extinction coefficient and electron energy loss are performed for the energy range of 0-30 eV. Based on the direct bandgap, as well as other optical properties of the compound, it is predicted that this material is useful for vacuum-ultraviolet-transparent (VUV-transparent) applications.

5 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

024346   El-Taher A;Al-Zahrani J H (Physics Dep, Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdulaziz Univ, KSA, Email: Atef_Elather@hotmail.com) : Radioactivity measurements and radiation - 28 - dose assessments in soil of Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Indian J pure appl Phys 2014, 52(3), 147-54.

The activity concentration and the gamma absorbed dose rates of the terrestrial naturally occurring radionuclides (^{226Ra, 232Th and 40K) have been determined in soil samples collected from seven different locations of Qassim region in Saudi Arabia. These were performed using a NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer. The typical concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found in surface soil samples ranged from 1.4 Bq/kg (Al Asyah) to 35.3 Bq/kg (Al Badaea), from 2.5 Bq/kg (Al Maznib) to 39 Bq/kg (Al Badaea) and from 212 Bq/kg (Al Maznib) to 915 Bq/kg (Al Badaea) Bqkg-1, respectively. The mean radium equivalent (Ra_eq) and outdoor radiation hazard index (H_ex) for the area under study were determined as 68.1 Bq/kg and 0.18, respectively. The total absorbed dose rate due to three primordial radionuclides lies in the range 18.6-55.5 nGyh-1 with a mean of 35.2 nGyh-1, which yields total annual effective dose of 0.37 mSvy-1. Excess lifetime cancer risk was calculated as 0.20x10-3. When life expectancy was taken as 70 years, the lifetime outdoor gamma radiation was calculated as 3.02 mSv which yielded a mean lifetime cancer risk of 0.09x10-3 which is below the world average (0.29x10-3). The measured values are comparable with other global radioactivity measurements and found to be safe for public and environment. The baseline data of this type will almost certainly be of importance in making estimations of population exposure.}

5 illus, 6 tables, 35 ref

024345   Daya Ram;Rani Devi;Khosa S K (Physics and Electronics Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006, Email: rani_rakwal@yahoo.co.in) : Microscopic non-axial study of even-even <. Indian J pure appl Phys 2014, 52(5), 322-9.

The yrast spectra, quadrupole moments, octupole moments, quadrupole deformation parameters (β₂), non-axiality parameters (γ), root mean square radii for protons and neutrons, occupation probabilities, and B(E2) transition probabilities are calculated for ^{226-230Th in Cranked Hartree-Bogoliubov (CHB) framework. These calculations have been performed by employing one body octupole potential field added to a quadrupole-quadrupole plus pairing model of residual interaction operating in a reasonably large valence space outside the 164Pb core. Our calculations reproduce qualitatively the observed yrast spectra in 226Th to 230Th up to spin 20+. The calculated results indicate that the quadrupole deformation increases and non-axiality of all these nuclei decreases along the yrast states. The results of octupole moments indicate that the octupole collectivity decreases as one moves from 226Th to 230Th. The observed increase in deformation in going from 226Th to 230Th is due to the increase in the occupation of low k components of (2g_9/2)_π and (1j_15/2)_v orbits.}

1 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

024344   Chattopadhyay P;Banerjee A (Electronic Science Dep, Calcutta Univ, Kolkata-700 009, Email: pcelc@caluniv.ac.in) : Role of schottky-ohmic separation length on dc properties of schottky diode. Indian J pure appl Phys 2014, 52(3), 198-202.

The effect of Schottky-ohmic separation length on the barrier height, ideality factor and device series resistance of Al-p-Si Schottky barrier diodes in planar configuration have been studied. It has been found that the ideality factor and series resistance of the device vary nonlinearly with Schottky-ohmic separation length. The effect seems to be more pronounced on the series resistance, which has been attributed to recombination processes at the defect states and non-ohmicity at the ohmic contact of the device. The fitting of the experimental data confirms our previous observations of a logarithmic voltage dependence of the series resistance of the device.

7 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

024343   Behera P K (Physics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600 036, Email: prafulla.behera@gmail.com) : Discovery of SM Higgs Boson in ATLAS experiment. Resonance 2013, 18(3), 248-63.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN the most expensive and complex instrument mankind has ever built to address some of the most fundamental questions of Nature - is colliding proton-on-proton at high energy since November 2009. The full data set delivered by the LHC over the last 4 years has been analyzed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments in their pursuit of the Higgs boson, the particle responsible for generating masses for the basic building blocks of matter. In this article I discuss in detail the building and commissioning of the detector, search strategy and results obtained by the two experiments with special emphasis on ATLAS.

10 illus, 8 ref

024342   Asha;Goyal S L;Kumar D;Shyam Kumar;Kishore N (Applied Physics Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Science and Technology Univ, Hisar-125 001, Email: goyalsneh@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline/TiO₂ composites. Indian J pure appl Phys 2014, 52(5), 341-7.

The synthesis and characterization of polyaniline (PANI)/TiO₂ polymer composites have been studied. The synthesis method is based on chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline added with various weight % of TiO2 in the presence of ammonium persulphate as an oxidant. The results of XRD confirm the presence of TiO₂ in the composites. The FTIR shows systematic shifting of the characteristic bands of PANI with the increase in content of TiO₂. The SEM images revealed uniform distribution of TiO₂ particles in the PANI matrix. The evaluation of the dynamical parameters for PANI/TiO₂ composites using technique such as TGA has been reported. The thermal stability of composites increases with the increase in TiO₂ weight %. Although PANI/TiO₂ composites show lower dc electrical conductivity as compared to PANI and the conductivity decreases with increasing content of TiO₂, but they show a higher thermal stability than that of PANI. Further, the dc electrical conductivity is observed to increase with the increase in temperature. This work opens new perspectives for the use of PANI/TiO₂ composites as a conducting material at high temperatures.

9 illus, 3 tables, 40 ref

024341   Ahmad S;Negi P S (LF & HF Voltage, Current & Microwave Standards, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110 012, Email: ahmads@nplindia.org) : Coaxial microcalorimeter- National standard for microwave power up to 18 GHz at NPLI. Indian J pure appl Phys 2014, 52(3), 170-4.

National Physical Laboratory India (NPLI) is the premier research and development centre and the National Metrology Institute (NMI), which provides apex level calibration services to the country. The coaxial microcalorimeter is used for assigning the effective efficiency of the reference standard coaxial thermistor mount in the frequency range 10 MHz- 18 GHz. Measurement technique for calibrating microwave power reference standard has been presented. The calibration results and the various factors influencing the results have been explained. All the measurements are performed using a fully automated data acquisition system, which has been developed indigenously in the laboratory. The uncertainty components in assigning the effective efficiency using calorimeter system have been discussed. The calibration uncertainty, which is a function of frequency ranges from 0.2 per cent at 10 MHz to 0.7 per cent at 18 GHz.

7 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

023305   Yosh H (APA Group, , Level 19, HSBC Building, 580 George Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia, Email: square17320508@yahoo.com) : Statistical model for stress corrosion - 23 - cracking based on extended form of Dirichlet energy. Indian J Phys 2013, 81(6), 1009-19.

The mechanism of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) has been discussed for decades. Here I propose a model of SCC reflecting the feature of fracture in brittle manner based on the vari-ational principle under approximately supposed thermal equilibrium. In that model the functionals are expressed with extended forms of Dirichlet energy, and Dirichlet principle is applied to them to solve the variational problem that represents SCC and normal extension on pipe surface. Based on the model and the maximum entropy principle, the statistical nature of SCC colony is discussed and it is indicated that the crack has discrete energy and length under ideal isotropy of materials and thermal equilibrium.

7 illus, 10 ref

023304   Yang J H;Sanjuan M A F;Xiang W;Zhu Z (NO, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Mining and Tec, Xuzhou-221 116, People's Republic of China, Email: jianhuayang@cumt.edu.cn) : Pitchfork bifurcation and vibrational resonance in a fractional-order duffing oscillator. Indian J Phys 2013, 81(6), 943-57.

The pitchfork bifurcation and vibrational resonance are studied in a fractional-order Duffing oscillator with delayed feedback and excited by two harmonic signals. Using an approximation method, the bifurcation behaviours and resonance patterns are predicted. Supercritical and subcritical pitchfork bifurcations can be induced by the fractional-order damping, the exciting high-frequency signal and the delayed time. The fractional-order damping mainly determines the pattern of the vibrational resonance. There is a bifurcation point of the fractional order which, in the case of double-well potential, transforms vibrational resonance pattern from a single resonance to a double resonance, while in the case of single-well potential, transforms vibrational resonance from no resonance to a single resonance. The delayed time influences the location of the vibrational resonance and the bifurcation point of the fractional order. Pitchfork bifurcation is the necessary condition for the double resonance. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the numerical simulations.

11 illus, 22 ref

023303   Verma M K;Karak B B;Rohit Kumar (Physics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016, Email: rohitkr@iitk.ac.in) : Dynamo in protostars. Indian J Phys 2013, 81(6), 1037-43.

Estimates the magnetic Reynolds number of a typical protostar before and after deuterium burning, and claim for the existence of dynamo process in both the phases, because the magnetic Reynolds number of the protostar far exceeds the critical magnetic Reynolds number for dynamo action. Using the equipartition of kinetic and magnetic energies, we estimate the steady-state magnetic field of the protostar to be of the order of kilogauss, which is in good agreement with observations.

1 illus, 25 ref

023302   Tistomo A S;Achmadi A;Rifai I A (NO, KIM LIPI Research Center, Kompleks Puspiptek G 420, Serpong, Tangerang 15314, Indonesia, Email: arfan_sindhu@yahoo.com) : Characterization of KIM LIPI's relative humidity standard. MAPAN 2014, 29(1), 51-5.

At present, KIM LIPI is able to provide self-traceability in the scope of hygrometer calibrations in the range of 10-95% RH using commercial two-pressure humidity generator as the standard which, previously, was traceable to SI unit through another NMI. In order to examine the calibration system, uncertainty of the calibration results was evaluated by performing characterization including measurement of saturator efficiency and chamber temperature distribution. A mini chamber was used to improve the chamber temperature uniformity. The validity of the RH calculation was evaluated by comparing our RH calculation with commercially available softwares. As a result, saturator efficiency gives the uncertainty 0.064 and 0.07%RH at 20 and 27 °C. The contribution of uncertainty due to temperature non-uniformity is 0.014-0.14%RH. The difference calculation with the commercial software is less than 0.01%RH.

5 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

023301   Solaguren-Beascoa Fernandez M;Ortega Lopez V; Serrano Lopez R (Escuela Politecnia Superior, Burgos Univ, Avda. de Cantabria s/n, 09006 Burgos, Spain, Email: msolaguren@ubu.res) : On the uncertainty evaluation for repeated measurements. MAPAN 2014, 29(1), 19-28.

Uncertainty evaluation for repeated measurements has been discussed previously by various researchers and two ways of proceeding were proposed, dependent upon whether or not there is a significative difference in the individual results of repeated measurements. In this paper, the analysis of variance perspective is used to clarify and unify the ideas of previous works. It is shown that the two above-mentioned approaches involve the use of two different estimators for the evaluation of the random component of the standard uncertainty. Based on this, the efficiency of the two estimators is compared in order to propose a procedure for correct and efficient use of previous approaches to perform the uncertainty evaluation for repeated measurements.

2 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

023300   Sharmin F;Saha S;Bhattacharyya S S (Atomic and Molecular Physics Section, Materials Science Dep, Indian association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, Email: msscs@iacs.res.in) : High harmonic generation in H₂<. Indian J Phys 0000, 81(6), 95-1007.

Theoretically investigated the high harmonic generation (HHG) spectra of H₂⁺ and HD⁺ using a time-dependent wave packet approach for the nuclear motion with combined two-colour (1_ωL-3_ωLL) pulsed lasers for ω_L corresponding to wavelengths 1064 nm and 800 nm. The 1_ωLand 3_ωL lasers have peak intensities of I₁⁰ = 5.0 x 10¹³ W/cm² and I₂⁰ = 2.0 x 10¹⁴ W/cm², respectively. We have taken the pulse duration of T = 50 fs for both the fields, and the molecular initial vibrational level V0 = 0. We have argued that for these combinations, the harmonic generation due to transitions in the electronic continuum by tunnelling or multiphoton ionization may be neglected and only the electronic transitions within the two lowest electronic states would be important. Thus, the characteristic features of HHG spectra in the two-colour field are determined, in our model, by the nuclear motions on the two lowest field-coupled electronic states between which inter-electronic and intraelectronic (due to the intrinsic dipole moments in case of HD⁺) radiative transitions can take place. We have studied the role of relative phase ((ϕ) of the two fields on the HHG spectra of the molecular ions. In case of HD⁺, the effect of nonadiabatic (NA) nonradiative interaction between the two lowest Born-Oppenheimer (BO) electronic states (1sσ_g, 2pσ_u2⁺ and HD⁺ in the mixed two-colour field without involving the electronic continuum. The use of two-colour (1_ωL-3_ωL) field enables us to generate high harmonics beyond that achievable with a single 1_ω or 3_ωL field of the corresponding intensity, frequency and pulse time.

5 illus, 51 ref

023299   Sharma R;Sachdeva R;Kumar R;Devi A;Parihar U; Padha N;Panchal C J (NO, Jammu Univ, Baba Sahib Ambedkar Road, Jammu Tawi-180 006, Jammu & Kashmir, Email: nareshpadha@yahoo.com) : Growth and characterization of tin diselenide telluride (SnSe₂Te) thin films. Invertis J renewable Energy 2014, 4(1), 43-9.

Tin diselenide tellurium (SnSe₂Te) compound was prepared by melt-quenching technique from its constituent elements. The phase structure and composition of the chemical constituents present in the bulk has been determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDAX) respectively. SnSe₂Te thin films were grown using direct thermal evaporation of SnSe₂Te compound material on chemically cleaned glass substrate, which were held at different substrate temperatures. X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to examine structure and surface morphology of the films. The studies undertaken reveal that thin films grown at 373 K are slightly crystalline whereas those at 423 K and 473 K are polycrystalline in nature and shows better crystallinity towards (001) planes as verified using XRD and SEM analysis of as deposited thin films. Bandgap of SnSe₂Te semiconductor is found to decreases from 1.52eV to T.23eVas substrate temperature is increased from 423K to 473K, respectably.

4 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

023298   Satish;Ansari M A;Saxena A K (LF, HF Impedance and DC Standards, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, Email: singhsp3@mail.nplindia.ernet.in) : Determination and comparison of temperature coefficient of standard inductors by measuring change in inductance and resistances. MAPAN 2014, 29(1), 73-6.

This paper determines and compares the temperature coefficient of the standard inductors, manufactured by General Radio, using three different methods. The temperature coefficients have been determined by observing the change in inductance at 1 kHz and change in resistance at 1 kHz and 20 Hz. The standard inductor has been measured using precision LCR meter in a controlled and stable environment. The temperature coefficient is substantial when measured as a function of change in inductance in comparison to change in resistance as suggested by manufacturer. This information may be useful in computing the measurement uncertainty and analyzing the results of International comparisons and proficiency testing programs.

^ssc9 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

023297   Patil S U;Yawale S S;Yawale S P (Applied Physics Dep, Govt. College of Engineering, Chandrapur-442 403, Email: shishirupatel@gmail.com) : Conductivity study of ZrO₂ doped nanocomposite solid polymer electrolyte. Invertis J renewable Energy 2014, 4(1), 29-36.

Preparation and characterization of PEO-LiClO₄-m wt% ZrO₂ nanocomposite polymer electrolytes with different concentrations of ZrO₂ nanopartides are studied by keeping a narrow range of ZrO₂ concentration. Conductivity measurements were carried out by AC impedance spectroscopy and discussed. In order to ascertain the - 20 - thermal stability of the polymer electrolyte with maximum conductivity, films were subjected to TG/DTA analysis in the range 300 K to 800 K. In the present work FTIR spectroscopy is used to identify the nature of bonding and different functional groups present in the electrolyte by monitoring vibrational energy levels of molecules in the material. FTIR spectra showed the complexation of LiClO₄ with PEO. The SEM photograph confirms the miscibility and amorphous nature.

5 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

023296   Mirzazadh M;Eslami M (Engineering Sciences Dep, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, East of Guilan, Guilan Univ, Rudsar, Iran, Email: mirzazadehs2@guilan.ac.ir) : Exact solutions for nonlinear variants of Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (n,n) equation using functional variable method. Indian J Phys 2013, 81(6), 911-24.

Studying compactons, solitons, solitary patterns and periodic solutions is important in nonlinear phenomena. In this paper we study nonlinear variants of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) and the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations with positive and negative exponents. The functional variable method is used to establish compactons, solitons, solitary patterns and periodic solutions for these variants. This method is a powerful tool for searching exact travelling solutions in closed form.

25 ref

023295   Lee J;Sakthivel R (School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, Wollongong Univ, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia, Email: krsakthivel@yahoo.com) : Direct approach for solving nonlinear evolution and two-point boundary value problems. Indian J Phys 2013, 81(6), 893-909.

Time-delayed nonlinear evolution equations and boundary value problems have a wide range of applications in science and engineering. In this paper, we implement the differential transform method to solve the nonlinear delay differential equation and boundary value problems. Also, we present some numerical examples including time-delayed nonlinear Burgers equation to illustrate the validity and the great potential of the differential transform method. Numerical experiments demonstrate the use and computational efficiency of the method. This method can easily be applied to many nonlinear problems and is capable of reducing the size of computational work.

4 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref

023294   Laha U;Bhoi J (Physics Dep, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur-831 014, Email: ujjwal.laha@gmail.com ) : On the nucleon-nucleon scattering phase shifts through supersymmetry and factorization. Indian J Phys 2013, 81(6), 959-73.

By exploiting the supersymmetry-inspired factorization method through a judicious use of deuteron ground state wave function, higher partial wave nucleon-nucleon potentials, both energy independent and energy dependent, are generated. We adopt the phase function method to deal with the scattering phase shifts and demonstrate the usefulness of our constructed potentials by means of model calculation.

16 illus, 28 ref

023293   Joshi D;Gupta R;Kumar A;Kumar Y;Yadav S (NO, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi-110 012, Email: deepa16a@gmail.com) : Precision ultrasonic phase velocity measurement technique for liquids. MAPAN 2014, 29(1), 9-17.

Reports the design and developmental aspects of a new technique for ultrasonic phase velocity measurement in liquids, which is based on the studies carried out on frequency dependence of ultrasonic velocity in pure, binary and ternary liquids/mixtures. The design and developmental aspects of the experimental set up are reported along with optimisation of data acquisition software developed in Lab VIEW. Finally, the developed technique is used to measure phase velocity in water (W), aqueous solution of mannitol (M), binary mixture of tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) in water and a tertiary mixture of TBA + W + M. The results are reported within frequency bandwidth from 3 to 7 MHz. The main reason for selecting these liquids was to identify some of the liquids which can be used as reference liquids for metrological applications. Although, reporting the systematic studies to find out the reference liquid is beyond the scope of the present paper due to obvious reasons, and will be dealt separately, but the studies certainly demonstrate that the technique can successfully be used for phase velocity measurement as a function of frequency and - 19 - temperature.

13 illus, 28 ref

023292   Girdhar A (NO, Regional Centre for Accelerator-based Particle Physics, Harish-Chandra, Chatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad-211 019, Email: aarti@hri.res.in) : Clean signal for a top-like isosinglet fermion at the large hadron collider. Indian J Phys 2013, 81(6), 975-86.

Author predict a clean signal at the Large Hadron Collider (√s = 14 TeV) for a scenario where there is a top-like, charge +2/3 vector-like isosinglet fermion. Such a quark, via mixing with the standard model top, can undergo decays via both flavour-changing Z-boson coupling and flavour-changing Yukawa interactions. We concentrate on the latter channel, and study the situation where, following its pair production, the heavy quark pair gives rise to two tops and two Higgs bosons. We show that when each Higgs decays in the bb channel, there can be a rather distinct and background-free signal that can unveil the existence of the vector-like isosinglet quark of this kind.

4 illus, 4 tables, 52 ref

023291   Fan H L;Li X (NO, School of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture Univ, Daqing-163 319, China, Email: huilingnepu@126.com) : Classification of the single travelling wave solutions to the generalized pochhammer-chree equation. Indian J Phys 2013, 81(6), 925-41.

By the complete discrimination system for the polynomial, we invest the classifications of single travelling wave solutions to the generalized Pochhammer-Chree (PC) equation with p = 1/2 and p = 3/2.

22 ref

023290   Dinesh Kumar;Verma V;Bhatti H S;Dharamvir K (Physics Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: dineshk_2@yahoo.co.in ) : Phonon dispersions in graphene sheet and single-walled carbon nanotubes. Indian J Phys 2013, 81(6), 1021-35.

Phonons in graphene sheet have been calculated by constructing a dynamical matrix using the force constants derived from the second-generation reactive empirical bond order potential by Brenner and co-workers. Our results are comparable to inelastic X-ray scattering as well as first principle calculations. At Γ point, for graphene, the optical modes (degenerate) lie near 1685 cm^-1. The frequency regimes are easily distinguishable. The low-frequency (ω → 0) modes are derived from acoustic branches of the sheet. The radial modes can be identified with ω→> 584 cm^-1. High-frequency regime is above 1200 cm^-1 (i.e. ZO mode) and consists of TO and LO modes. The phonons in a nanotube can be derived from zone folding method using phonons of a single layer of the hexagonal sheet. The present work aims to explore the agreement between theory and - 18 - experiment. A better knowledge of the phonon dispersion of graphene is highly desirable to model and understand the properties of carbon nanotubes. The development and production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for possible applications need reliable and quick analytical characterization. Our results may serve as an accurate tool for the spectroscopic determination of the tube radii and chiralities.

4 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

023289   Deota H N;Chavda N D;Potbhare V (Aplied Physics Dep, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, M.S. Baroda Univ, Vadodara-390 001, Email: ndchavda-apphy@msubaroda.ac.in) : Shape transition of state density for bosonic system. Indian J Phys 2013, 81(6), 1045-9.

For a finite m boson system, the ensemble-averaged state density has been computed with respect to the body interaction rank k. The shape of such a state density changes from Gaussian to semicircle as the body rank of the interaction increases. This state density is expressed as a linear superposition of Gaussian and semicircular states. The nearest-neighbour spacing distribution (NNSD), which is one of the most important spectral properties of a system, is studied. The NNSDs are rather independent of body rank k and show a Wigner distribution throughout.

3 illus, 9 ref

023288   De S;Batra N;Chakraborty S;Panja S;Sen Gupta A (NO, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Marg, New Delhi-110 012, Email: subhadeep@mail.nplindia.org) : Design of an ion trap for trapping single <. Curr Sci 2014, 106(10), 1348-52.

Presented an ion trap design of end-cap geometry and numerically calculate its potential. An rf-resonator of quality factor 800(20) has been fabricated for delivering high voltage to the trap. An optical frequency standard will be developed by trapping and laser cooling a single ¹⁷¹Yb⁺. Optical arrangements for photoionization, laser cooling and detection are also described.

5 illus, 1 table, 41 ref

023287   Das Sharma S;Ramesh D S (NO, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: sdassharma@ngri.res.in) : Raman scattering, terrestrial ringwoodite and beyond. Curr Sci 2014, 106(8), 1056-7.

2 illus, 19 ref

023286   Chopra K N (Applied Physics Dep, Maharaja Institute of Technology, Rohini, GGSIP Univ, Rohini, New Delhi-110 086, Email: kchopra.2003@gmail.com) : Novel unconventional renewable sources of energy- a short analytical note. Invertis J renewable Energy 2014, 4(1), 57-61.

Research efforts on the exploring the possibility of new Possible Renewable Sources of Energy have recently been picked up. Apart from the well established renewable sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, and geothermal energy, the technologists in this field have discussed the possibilities of using entirely new sources like - the humidity power and Underwater Vibrations, among others, though these are so far mainly considered as only the possibilities. The present paper is an analytical short note on such unconventional Renewable Sources of Energy, and also describes briefly the computation of the heat - 17 - generated from the Humidity Levels. It is hoped that this paper should be of interest to the researchers engaged in finding the newer sources of renewable energy.

2 illus, 10 ref

023285   Arya U;Dahiya B;Prasad V (Physics and Astrophysics Dep, Delhi Univ, Delhi-110 007, Email: urvashivarsheney@gmail.com) : Non-adiabatic rotational excitation of dipolar molecule under the influence of delayed pulses. J chem Sci 2013, 125(5), 1213-21.

Suggest a control scheme for choosing populations of molecular rotational states by wave packet interference. The rotational wave packets of LiCl molecule excited non-adiabatically by half cycle pulse (HCP) is controlled using the second ultrashort HCP. By adjusting the time delay between the two laser pulses, constructive or destructive interference among these wave packets enables the population to be enhanced or repressed for the specific rotational state. The role played by the field strength and the pulse duration is also calculated numerically. We have used fourth order Runge-Kutta method to study non-adiabatic rotational excitation (NAREX) dynamics.

7 illus, 54 ref

022267   Sinha K P (Physics Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: kritpsinha@gmail.com) : Mechanisms of some high temperature and novel superconductors. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2014, 80(1), 23-35.

Following our researches in the last few decades, a self-review of the pairing mechanism involving some combined processes invoking the role of phonons and other boson modes is given for high temperature superconductors such as cuprates, fullerenes, ferropnictides. For cuprates the mechanism involving phonon and lochons (acronym for 'local charges bosons' which in turn stands for local pairs or local bipolarons) can explain the anomalies in the normal and superconducting states. In particular, high T_c, pseudogap, isotope effect, and gap symmetry are all accounted for. Similarly, a combined photonic and electronic excitation (causing bond polarization) works for fullerenes. For iron pnictides, the weak phonon mechanism along with distortion field modes arising from pseudo Jahn-Teller effect gives the achievable T_c; Finally, the predicted pairing under non-equilibrium conditions and involving two-bosons (phonons and photons) is found to explain the photo induced transient superconductivity observed in films of YBa₂Cu₃O_x which are on the border lines of insulator-metal transition. The mechanism gives not only high T_c, of the order of 10²K but the possibility of tunable T_c.

^iia2 tables, 48 ref

022266   Babita;Sharma D K;Satish;Ansari M A;Saxena A K (NO, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Marg, New Delhi-110 012, Email: singhb2@mail.nplindia.ernet.in) : Versatile automation program using LabVIEW for low dc current measurement. J scient ind Res 2014, 73(2), 91-4.

The need for precision measurement of dc current in the nanoampere and picoampere ranges is continuously increasing. The present paper discusses in detail the establishment of measurement facility for the first time at NPLI for these low level DC current ranges by using primary measurement standards of DC voltage and DC resistance. The same has been implemented by developing the fully automated system. The automation provides an efficient way for the low level current measurement as measuring sub nanoampere current manually is subjected to various sources of errors.

1 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

021316   Wahid A;Kundu S;Singh J S B;Singh A K;Khattar A;Maurya S K;Dhumal J S;Dasgupta K (Laser & Plasma Technology Div, Beam Technology Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, Email: awahid@barc.gov.in) : Measurement of copper vapour laser-induced deformation of dielectric-coated mirror surface by Michelson interferometer. Pramana J Phys 2014, 82(2), 445-9.

Michelson interferometer-based technique has been used to measure the deformation of dielectric-coated mirror, caused by an incident repetitive pulsed laser beam with high average power. Minimum measurable deformation of 17 nm is reported.

4 illus, 3 ref

021315   Vinayak K S;Suneel Kumar (School of Physics and Material Science, Thapar University, Patiala 147 004, Email: suneel.kumar@thapar.edu) : Impact of density-dependent symmetry energy and Coulomb interactions on the evolution of intermediate mass fragments. Pramana J Phys 2014, 82(3), 515-27.

Within the framework of isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD)model, we demonstrate the evolution of intermediate mass fragments in heavy-ion collisions. Inthis paper, we study the time evolution, impact parameter, and excitation energy dependence ofIMF production for the different forms of density-dependent symmetry energy. The IMF productionand charge distribution show a minor but considerable sensitivity towards various forms of density-dependent, symmetry energy. The Coulomb interactions affect the IMF production significantly at peripheral collisions. The IMF production increases with the stiffness of symmetry energy.

8 illus, 40 ref

021314   Verma S;Mishra C;Kumar V;Yadav M;Bahuguna K C;Vasan N S;Gaba S P (NO, Instruments Research and Development Establishment, Raipur Road, Dehradun-248 008, Email: swatidrdo@gmail.com) : Generation of 2.1 μm wavelength from degenerate high gray track resistant potassium titanyl phosphate optical parametric oscillator. Pramana J Phys 2014, 82(2), 227-31.

This paper presents the experimental results of degenerate optical parametric generation using a high gray track resistant potassium titanyl phosphate (HGTR KTP) optical parametric oscillator (OPO). An average output power of 7 W at 10 kHz has been achieved that includes both signal and idler powers near degeneracy using 20 W average power from a 1064 nm Nd: YVO₄ pump source corresponding to an optical conversion efficiency of 35%.

5 illus, 6 ref

021313   Verma R S;Dasgupta R;Kumar N;Ahlawat S;Uppal A;Gupta P K (NO, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore-452 013, Email: rsverma@rrcat.gov.in) : Manipulation of microparticles and red blood cells using optoelectronic tweezers. Pramana J Phys 2014, 82(2), 433-37.

Reports the development of an optoelectronic tweezers set-up which works by light-induced dielectrophoresis mechanism to manipulate microparticles. We used thermal evaporation technique for coating the organic polymer, titanium oxide phthalocyanine (TiOPc), as a photo-conductive layer on ITO-coated glass slide. Compare to the conventional optical tweezers, the technique requires optical power in μW range and provides a manipulation area of a few mm². The set-up was used to manipulate the polystyrene microspheres and red blood cells (RBCs). The RBCs could be attracted or repelled by varying the frequency of the applied AC bias.

4 illus, 6 ref

021312   Unnikrishnan V K;Choudhari K S;Kulkarni S D; Nayak R;Kartha V B;Santhosh C;Suri B M (NO, Centre for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Univ, Manipal-576 104, Email: santhosh.cls@manipal.edu) : Biomedical and environmental applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Pramana J Phys 2014, 82(2), 397-401.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging analytical technique with numerous advantages such as rapidity, multi-elemental analysis, minimal sample preparation, minimal destruction, low cost and versatility of being applied to a wide range of materials. In this paper, we report the preliminary observations we obtained using LIBS for clinical and environmental samples. Elemental analysis has been done qualitatively in human teeth samples which show encouraging results. It has also been demonstrated in this paper that LIBS can be very well utilized in field applications such as plastic waste sorting and recycling.

4 illus, 9 ref

021311   Tiwari G N;Mishra R K;Khare R;Nakhe S V (Laser System Engineering Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore-452 013, Email: gnt@rrcat.gov.in) : Development of copper bromide laser master oscillator power amplifier system. Pramana J Phys 2014, 82(2), 217-25.

Development of master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system of copper bromide laser (CBL) operating at 110 W average power is reported. The spectral distribution of power at green (510.6 nm) and yellow (578.2 nm) components in the output of a copper bromide laser is studied as a function of operating parameters. The electrical input power was varied from 2.6 to 4.3 kW, the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) was changed from 16 to 19 kHz, and the pressure of the buffer gas (neon) was kept fixed at 20 mbar. When the electrical input power was increased to 4.3 kW from 2.6 kW, the tube-wall temperature also increased to 488°C from 426°C but the ratio of the green to yellow power decreased to 1.53 from 3.73. The ratio of green to yellow power decreased to 1.53 from 1.63 when the PRF of the laser was increased to 19 kHz from 16 kHz. These observations are explained in terms of electron temperature, energy levels of transitions, and voltage and current waveforms across the laser head.

10 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

021310   Sur U K (Chemistry Dep, Behala College, Calcutta Univ, Kolkata-700 060, Email: uksur99@yahoo.co.in) : Imaging of organic and biological materials by in-focus transmission electron microscopy. Curr Sci 2014, 106(1), 17-9.

8 illus, 8 ref

021309   Sundar R;Pant B K;Harish Kumar;Ganesh P; Nagpure D C;Haedoo P;Kaul R;Ranganathan K;Bindra K S;Oak S M;Kukreja L M (NO, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore-452 013, Email: sundhu@rrcat.gov.in) : Laser shock peening of steam turbine blade for enhanced service life. Pramana J Phys 2014, 82(2), 347-51.

Fretting-fatigue is an important factor influencing service life of turbine blades. The present paper describes laser shock peening of potential crack nucleation site in the root region of steam turbine blade for its enhanced service life. The experimental study, performed with an in-house developed 2.5 J/7 ns Nd:YAG laser demonstrated that laser peening introduced a residual surface compressive stress of -260 to -390 MPa. Case depth of laser peened surface layer was found to be more than 900 μm.

4 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

021308   Sivanantham A;Jayabal P;Vasanthi C; Vishnukanthan V;Mayandi J (Materials Science Dep, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 031, Email: jeyanthinath@yahoo.co.in) : Novel method of synthesis and device formation of ZnO layered dye sensitized Solar Cell. Invertis J renewable Energy 2013, 3(2), 74-8.

A novel attempt has been made to fabricate ZnO nanostructure by simple method of oxidizing zinc, employing direct electric current heating method. For the synthesis of ZnO nanostructure, instudy the galvanized iron wire was used as the source of zinc. The synthesized ZnO nanostructure was characterized using various optical techniques such as photoluminescence, FTIR spectroscopy. The ZnD formation was confirmed from the spectra of different optical studies and also determined by SEM with EDEX. Also the DSSC was fabricated with the layer of grown ZnO nanostructure on TiO₂ and studied the photocurrent. Our DSSC device doesn't show prominent I-V characteristics, rather noticed a diode characteristic.

7 illus, 14 ref

021307   Singh R;Choubey A;Jain R K;Vishwakarma S C; Agrawal D K;Ali S;Upadhyaya B N;Oak S M (Solid State Laser Div, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore-452 013, Email: ravindrasingh@rrcat.gov.in) : Efficient delivery of 60 J pulse energy of long pulse Nd:YAG laser through 200 μm core diameter optical fibre. Pramana J Phys 2014, 82(2), 211-6.

Most of today's industrial Nd: YAG lasers use fibre-optic beam delivery. In such lasers, fibre core diameter is an important consideration in deploying a beam delivery system. Using a smaller core diameter fibre allows higher irradiances at focus position, less degradation of beam quality, and a larger stand-off distance. In this work, we have put efforts to efficiently deliver the laser output of 'ceramic reflector'-based long pulse Nd:YAG laser through a 200 μm core diameter optical fibre and successfully delivered up to 60 J of pulse energy with 90% transmission efficiency, using a GRADIUM (axial gradient) plano-convex lens to sharply focus down the beam on the end face of the optical fibre and fibre end faces have been cleaved to achieve higher surface damage thresholds.

5 illus, 5 ref

021306   Singh D K;Panigrahi P K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016, Email: singhdk@iitk.ac.in) : Three-dimensional instantaneous velocity field measurement using digital holography microscope. Pramana J Phys 2014, 82(2), 439-44.

In the present study, a digital holography microscope has been developed to study instantaneous 3D velocity field in a square channel of 1000 x 1000 μm² cross-section. The flow field is seeded with polystyrene microspheres of size d_p =2.1 μm. The volumetric flow rate is set equal to 20 μl/min. The instantaneous 3D velocity field is obtained by correlating the particles obtained from the 3D numerical reconstruction of holograms using particle tracking velocimetry (PTV).

4 illus, 8 ref

021305   Singh A;Khan S;Sivasankaraiah P;Jayabalan J; Chari R (Laser Physics Applications Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore-452 013, Email: asha@rrcat.gov.in) : Tunable third-harmonic probe for non-degenerate ultrafast pump-probe measurements. Pramana J Phys 2014, 82(2), 413-7.

Reports a method to achieve a precisely tunable highly stable probe beam generation for performing pump-probe experiment around a given wavelength by tilting a sum frequency generation (SFG) crystal angle. The width of the generated third-harmonic beam is of the order of 2 nm throughout the tunable range. This method of probe beam generation has its application in isolating contributions from closely separated excitation states.

5 illus, 6 ref

021304   Singh A K;Kumar K;Rai S B (Ceramic Engineering Dep, IIT-BHU, Varanasi-221 005, Email: kumar.bhu@gmail.com) : Upconversion studies in rare earth ions-doped lanthanide materials. Pramana J Phys 2014, 82(2), 409-12.

In the present work, results of upconversion emission in various powder samples have been discussed. The powder upconversion phosphors such as La₂O₃:Er³⁺/Yb³⁺, LaF₃:Er³⁺/Yb³⁺, CeO₂:Er³⁺/Yb³⁺, CeF₃:Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ were prepared and their upconversion emission, using 976 nm wavelength excitation, was investigated in depth. These phosphors have shown good upconversion emission in the visible region except for the CeF₃:Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ phosphor. Two intense bands around 525 and 550 nm due to the ²H_11/2 → ⁴I_15/2 and ⁴S_3/2 → I_15/2 transitions, respectively, are found to be in a thermally coupled state in these samples. The intensity ratio of these two bands permitted us to estimate the temperature of the environment. The pump power studies of the emission bands of these samples are also made to understand the dynamics of the upconversion emission.

2 illus, 5 ref

021303   Singh A J;Gupta P K;Sharma S K;Mukhopadhyay P K;Bindra K S;Oak S M (Solid State Laser Div, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore-452 013, Email: ajsingh@rrcat.gov.in) : Efficient yellow beam generation by intracavity sum frequency mixing in DPSS Nd:YVO₄ laser. Pramana J Phys 2014, 82(2), 197-202.

Presents the studies on dual wavelength operation using a single Nd:YVO₄ crystal and its intracavity sum frequency generation by considering the influence of the thermal lensing effect on the performance of the laser. A KTP crystal cut for type-II phase matching was used for intracavity sum frequency generation in the cavity at an appropriate location for efficient and stable yellow output power. More than 550 mW of stable CW yellow-orange beam at 593.5 nm with beam quality parameter (M2) ~ 4.3 was obtained. The total pump to yellow beam conversion efficiency was estimated to be 3.83%.

3 illus, 5 ref

021302   Sharma S K;Singh A J;Gupta P K;Hedaoo P; Mukhopadhyay P K;Ranganathan K;Bindra K S;Oak S M (Solid State Laser Div, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore-452 013, Email: sksharma@rrcat.gov.in) : Thermal birefringence-compensated linear intracavity frequency doubled Nd:YAG rod laser with 73 ns pulse duration and 160 W green output power. Pramana J Phys 2014, 82(2), 191-5.

In a thermally birefringence-compensated linear cavity configuration, <126> 160 W of average green power by intracavity frequency doubling of AO Q-switched Nd: YAG/LBO-based laser is demonstrated. The corresponding optical to optical conversion efficiency is estimated to be <126>12.7%. The pulse repetition rate is 20 kHz with the individual pulse duration of 73 ns. The beam quality parameter is measured to be 18.

3 illus, 7 ref

021301   Sharma P (Physics Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: prateek@physics.iisc.ernet.in) : ALMA confirms dust in supernova 1987 A. Curr Sci 2014, 106(3), 347-8.

1 illus, 4 ref

021300   Shaikh S U;Sharma R (Thin film and Nanotechnology Labortory, Physics Dep, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431 004, Email: ramphalsharma@yahoo.com ) : Band Gap Engineering of Ternary Nanostructured DdS_0.8Se_0.2 thin films for photosensor application. Invertis J renewable Energy 2013, 3(2), 67-73.

Ternary nanostructured CdS_0.8Se_{0.2> thin film was prepared on to glass substrate by a simple and economical soft chemical route at 50°C at room temperature. The as-grown films were characterized by X-my diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical and electrical measurements. The XRD patterns reveal that CdS0.8Se0.2> thin(ilms have hexagonal mixed nanostructure as compare to CdS and CdSe thin films. SEM images showed uniform deposition of the material over the entire glass substrate. The optical study reveals shift in the absorption edge towards the higher wavelengths, i.e. the band gap decreases as compared to CdS. Electrical resistivity shows semiconducting behaviour and activation energy varies as compared to CdS and CdSe. I-V measurement of CdS0.8Se0.2> thin film under dark and illumination conditions (60W) was measured. Increase in photoconductivity is observed, suggesting its applicability in photosensors devices.}

6 illus, 21 ref