022114   Pakzad H R (Physics Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Bojnourd, Iran, Email: pakzad@bojnourdiau.ac.ir) : Ion acoustic solitary waves in weakly relativistic plasma with nonthermal electron, positron an warm ion. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(11), 1605-13.

The Korteweg-de Vries equation for a weakly relativistic ion acoustic wave propagating in collisionless plasma containing nonthermal electron, positron and warm ion is derived. The effects of the ion temperature, nonthermal parameter and relativistic effect on the amplitude, width and energy of soliton are studied.

3 illus, 29 ref

022113   Ningappa C;Sannappa J;Chandrashekara M S; Paramesh L (Physics Dep, Yuvaraja's College, Mysore-570 006, Email: sannappaj@yahoo.co.in) : Radon/thoron and their decay products in granite quaries around Bangalore city, India. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(8), 1201-7.

The radon survey was performed in granite quarries around Bangalore rural district and Bangalore city as part of a lung cancer epidemiological study. Long duration measurements of indoor and outdoor radon, thoron and their progenies concentrations were made around granite quarries of Bangalore rural district by using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD, LR-115, Type-ll Plastic track detector) during summer and winter period (2006-07). The increase of radioactivity in granite quarries and inhalation dose to workers and populations near the quarries have been summarized. The higher concentrations of radon and thoron in granite quarries suggest radiation health effects on workers and public around the quarries is higher than permissible levels. The results are presented and analyzed with reference to ICRP limits.

2 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

022112   Nidhi;Gupta R;Sharma T;Aggarwal S;Kumar S (Physics Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: profshyam@gmail.com) : Effect of thermal annealing on optical properties of CR-39 polymeric track detector. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(7), 921-6.

The samples of CR-39 polymer (TASTRAK, Bristol, England) were annealled thermally at various temperatures ranging from 100°C to 180°C for 1 hour, in air. FTIR spectroscopy reveals the structural degradation of CR-39 polymer due to thermal annealing above its glass transition temperature. Optical band gap of pristine and thermally annealed samples has been determined using UV-Visible absorption spectra. It has been observed that the optical band gap decreases continuously as a result of annealing.

4 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

022111   Neerja;Singh S (Physics Dep, Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar-143 005, Email: neerjakalia@yahoo.co.in) : Oxygen (O<. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(7), 949-53.

The polymer Lexan was irradiated to 80MeVO^{6+ ion beam using the 15UD pelletron at Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi. The ion fluence ranging from 1011 to 3 x 1012 ions/cm2 has been used to study the dose effects of irradiation on Lexan. By using the etching technique, it is observed that the bulk etch rate of the sample increases with increasing the ion influence, while the activation energy associated with it show a decreasing trend which can be explained on the basis of polymer degradation.}

1 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

022110   Nath G;Sahu S;Paikaray R (Physics Engineering Dep, Dhaneswar Rath Institute of Engineering and Management Studies (D.R.I., Tangi, Cuttack-754 023, Email: ganesh_nath99@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of frequency on acoustic parameters in a binary mixture of polar liquids. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(11), 1567-74.

The densities (ρ) and ultrasonic velocities (C) of binary mixtures of a polar liquid like acetone and toluene have been measured at different frequencies (IMHz, 3MHz and 5MHz) over the entire range of mole fraction of acetone at temperature 303.16k. The intermolecular free length (L₁), isentropic compressibility (p), acoustic impedance (Z), excess values of isentropic compressibility (β^E) and acoustic impedance (Z^E have been computed using values of ultrasonic velocity (C) and density (ρ). The ultrasonic velocity (C), intermolecular free length (L.,) and excess values of isentropic compressibility are positive whereas excess values of acoustic impedance is negative for the entire composition range which indicates the specific interaction between unlike molecules. The results are discussed in the light of intermolecular interactions occurring in the solutions.

3 illus, 27 ref

022109   Nath G;Paikaray R (Physics Engineering Dep, Dhaeswar Rath Institute of Engineering and Management Studies (DRIEMS, Tangi, Cuttack-754 023) : Ultrasonic study of binary mixtrues of acetone with chlorobenzene at different frequencies. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(9), 1309-14.

The ultrasonic velocity (C) and density (ρ) have been measured at different frequencies (1MHz, 3MHz and 5 MHz) in the binary mixtures of acetone with chlorobenzene over the entire range of mole fraction at temperature 303.16K. The data of C and have been used to evaluate the isentropic compressibility (β), intermolecular free length (L_f) and acoustic impedance (Z) and their excess values to elucidate the molecular association in the mixture. The variation of these parameters with solute (acetone) indicates the nature of interaction present in the binary mixture.

4 illus, 19 ref

022108   Milton B;Samue Selvaraj R;Senthil Kumar K; Jerome Das S (Physics Dep, Postgraduate Research, Presidency College, Chennai-600 005, Email: miltonboazcm@yahoo.co.in) : Growth, microhardness, dielectric and photoconductivity characterization of a highly polarizable NLO material: sodium P-nitrophenolate dihydrate (NO₂-C₆H₄-ONa.2H₂O). Indian J Phys 2009, 83(12), 1647-57.

Sodium p-nitrophenolate dihydrate (NPNa.2H₂O) is a highly polarisable non linear optical material. It has a d_eff about 1.45 times than that of potassium titanyl phosphate. Single crystals of (NPNa.2H₂O) have been grown successfully by slow solvent evaporation having water and methanol as solvent. The structure of the crystal is verified by single X-ray analysis. Optical absorption shows that the crystal is highly transparent between 1500 and 300 nm. Microhardness of the crystal is found to increases with increase in load and the hardness number is found to be high for methanol grown crystal as compared to the water grown crystal. Electrical conductivity as evaluated from the cole-cole plot is found to be 1.26 x 10^{5 mho m-1. The dielectric constant of the crystal is low and independent at higher frequencies. The crystal has prominent photoconduction in the presence of trap energy levels formed by the Na+ ions. The SHG efficiency of the crystal is studied by performing Kurtz powder test and the results of scanning electron microscope analysis indicate that the major part of the crystal surface is free from inclusion and dislocation.}

9 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

022107   Mehra R;Singh S;Singh K (Applied Sciences Dep, Malout Institute of Management and Information Technology, Malout-152 107, Email: rohit_mimit@rediffmail.com) : Analysis of <. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(7), 1031-7.

The activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides namely ^{238Ra, 232Th and 40K are measured for soil samples collected from different locations of Faridkot and Mansa districts of Punjab. HPGe detector, based on high-resolution gamma spectrometry system is used for the measurement of activity concentration. The range of activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil from the studied areas varies from 21.42 Bq kg-1 to 40.23 Bq kg-1,61.01 Bq kg-1 to 142.34 Bq kg-1 and 227.11 Bq kg-1 to 357.13 Bq kg-1 with overall mean values of 27.17 Bq kg-1, 95.22 Bq kg-1 and 312.76 Bq kg-1, respectively. Radium equivalent activities are calculated for the analyzed samples to assess the radiation hazards arising due to the use of these soil samples in the construction of dwellings. The absorbed dose rate calculated from activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K ranges between 9.87 and 18.55, 38.01 and 88.68 and 9.40 and 14.79 nGy h-1, respectively. The total absorbed dose in the study area ranges from 61.10 nGy h-1 to 112.86 nGy h-1 with an average value of 84.80 nGy h-1. The calculated values of external hazard index (H_ex) for the soil samples of the study area range from 0.36 to 0.68. Since these values are lower than unity, according to the Radiation Protection 112 (European Commission, 1999) report, soil from these regions is safe and can be used as construction material without posing any significant radiological threat to population. The corresponding average annual effective dose for indoor and outdoor measured in the study area are 0.42 mSv and 0.10 mSv respectively.}

2 tables, 19 ref

022106   Manam N;Das S;Isaac A (Applied Phusics Dep, Indian School of Mines Univ, Dhanbad-826 004, Email: jairam_manam@yahoo.co.in) : Preparation, characterization and thermally stimulated iuminescence of ZnO nanophosphor. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(10), 1407-19.

Pure nanocrystalline ZnO thermoluminesoent phosphor was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. The prepared sample was characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR. The powder samples when exposed to X-irradiation showed that the thermoluminescence response increases linearly with the increase of the time of X-irradiation. The glow curve exhibited two maxima centered at 116 and 207°C. The latter glow peak displays greater stability and sensitivity when the phosphor is exposed to X-irradiation at room temperature. The results indicate that this new ZnO phosphor is a promising detector and dosimeter for X-irradiation.

11 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

022105   Mallik T;Pal T;Kar T (Materials Science Dep, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032) : Dislocation structure and microhardness of L-arginine perchlorate single crystal. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(10), 1395-1406.

Presents the chemical etching and microhardness studies carried out on L-arginine perchlorate (LAPCI), a non-linear optical crystal (NLO) with a view to characterize the dislocation structure and mechanical strength of the grown crystals. LAPCI crystals employed in this investigation were grown from aqueous solution by solvent evaporation method. Optical microscopic studies of as grown habit faces revealed formation of macrosteps and valley on (100) habit face. Chemical etching of (100) face with impurity added organic solvents played an important role in the formation of etch pits. Selective etching of matched pairs on opposite faces of the same plane confirms that the pits are formed at the dislocation sites. Microhardness measurement by indentation method shows decrease of microhardness with increasing load. Nature of hardness profile is explained with the help of Meyer's law. The work hardening index value indicates that LAPCI belongs to hard crystal category.

15 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

022104   Mahur A K;Rajesh Kumar;Sengupta D;Prasad R (Applied Physics Dep, Z. H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: ajaymahur345@rediffmail.com) : Radon exhalation rate in Chhatrapur beach sand samples of high background radiation area and estimation of its radiological implications. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(7), 1011-8.

Chhatrapur beach placer deposit, situated in a part of the eastern coast of Orissa, is a newly discovered high natural background radiation area (HBRA) in India. The sand samples containing heavy minerals, were collected from Chhatrapur region by the grab sampling method at an interval of - 1 Km. Radon exhalation rates were measured by "Sealed Can Technique" using LR-115 type type II in the sand samples containing heavy minerals collected from the beach. Radon activity is found to vary from 1177.1 to 4551.4 Bq m^{-3 whereas the radon exhalation rate varies from 423.2 to 1636.3 mBq m-2h-1 with an average value of 763.9 mBq m-2h-1. Effective dose equivalent in sand samples estimated from exhalation rate varies from 49.9 to 193.0 μSv y-1 with an average value of 90.1 μSv y-1. From the activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K computed radium equivalent is found to vary from 864.0 to 11471.5 Bq kg-1 with an average value of 3729.0 Bq kg-1. External hazard index, H_ex range from 2.3 to 31.0 with a mean value of 10.1, which is quite high. This value supports the conclusion based on high mean absorbed gamma dose rate in air due to the naturally occurring radionuclides as 1627.5 nGy h-1. A positive correlation has been found between U concentration and radon exhalation rate in the sand samples. The use of sand as construction material may pose a radiation risk to ambient environment.}

2 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

022103   Kandari M S;Ramola R C (Physics Dep, Govt. P G College Kotdwara, Pauri Garhwal-246 149, Email: rcramola@bsnl.in) : Analysis of seasonal variation of indoor radon concentration in Tehri Garhwal, Northern India. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(7), 1019-23.

The seasonal variation analysis of indoor radon has been carried out in the hilly region of Tehri Garhwal, Northern India by using LR-115 Type II, plastic track detector. In the analysis the winter/summer ratio radon values were found to vary from 0.63 to 1.64 and 1.02 to 1.22 for cemented houses and mud houses, respectively. Over all the average value of winter/summer ratio was found maximum in both cemented and mud houses respectively.

2 tables, 4 ref

022102   Gusain G S;Badoni M;Ganesh Prasad;Yogesh Prasad;Ramachandran T V;Ramola R C (Physics Dep, H N B Garhwal Univ, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal-249 199, Email: rcramola@gmail.com ) : Natural radionuclides and dose estimation from soil samples of Kumaun himalaya, India. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(8), 1215-20.

In the study, the distribution of natural radionuclides in soil samples collected from different geological units of Kumaun Himalayas are assessed using gamma ray spectrometer with Nal (Tl) detector. The naturally occurring radioactivity concentration of ^{226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to vary from 36.4 Bq/kg to 1-66.6 Bq/kg, 15.3 Bq/kg to 94.7 Bq/kg and 645.9 Bq/kg to 1378.9 Bq/kg, respectively. The totaf absorbed gamma dose rate was found to vary from 80 nGy/h to 179.6 nGy/h. The resulting dose due to the presence of these radionuclides was estimated from radiation protection point of view. The significance of this investigation is also discussed in details.}

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

022101   Gunasekaran S;Ramkumaar G R (Spectrophysics Research Laboratory, PG and Physics Research Dep, Pachaiyappa's College, Chenni-600 030, Email: gr.ramkumaar@yahoo.com) : Analysis on suitability of pure an α-Histidine doped KDP crystals in high speed applications. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(11), 1549-55.

Ferroelectric Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) crystals are widely used in modern short wavelength laser techniques, non-linear and integrated optics. The pure and α -Histidine doped KDP crystals were procured from SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai. The presence of additive in the doped KDP crystal is confirmed through X-Ray diffraction patterns and the lattice parameters were evaluated. Also, Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum confirms the presence of a -Histidine in the doped crystals. The dielectric behaviour of the pure and doped crystals have been studied in the microwave region using K-band microwave bench equipped with the Gunn oscillator and guided with rectangular wave guide.

3 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

022100   Ghosh S;Purkait M;Sounda S;Dhara A;Mandal C R (Physics Dep, Jadavpur Kolkata Univ, Kolkata-700 032, Email: mpurkait_2007@radiffmail.com) : Electron excitation of hydrogen atom by ions impact in the energy range 20-1000 ke V/amu. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(9), 1259-69.

Calculates the electron excitation cross sections of hydrogen atom by the impact of protons, alpha particles and He* ions using the boundary corrected continuum intermediate state approximation in the intermediate and high energies. The calculated results are compared with other theoretical and experimental results. The angular influence of excitation to the H atom at the intermediate energy is also discussed. The distortion effects due to the projectile charges in reactions of electron excitation to bound states of the target H atom are shown in the intermediate and high collision energy.

7 illus, 43 ref

022099   Ghosh D;Deb A;Sengupta R;Patra K K;Halder S; Maiti S (Physics Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Nuclear and Particle Physics Research Centre, Kolkata-700 032) : Assessment of alpha radioactivity in Indian tobacco leaf-a detailed study with SSNTD. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(9), 824-32.

People who inhale tobacco smoke are exposed to higher concentrations of radioactivity since tobacco contains polonium (^{210Po) and lead (210Pb) both of which are radioactive elements of radon decay series. Among these 210Po emits damaging type of radiation-alpha radiation is 1000 times more carcinogenic than gamma radiation (DiFranza and Winters, 1982). It generates the localized radiation dose and the health of common people gets affected seriously. In view of this a detail measurement of radioactivity of tobacco leaf is essential. This paper presents a detail investigation on the measurement of alpha radioactivity in raw tobacco leaves, in a few commonly used Indian brand cigarettes and in packed chewing tobacco materials with solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTD). The study reveals the presence of pronounced alpha activity in cigarette tobacco and chewing tobacco samples ranging from 60-75 mBq/gm and 60-75 mBq/gm. The alpha activity value is comparatively lower in raw tobacco leaves (9-50 mBq/gm). The annual committed effective dose of the smokers of these branded cigarettes has estimated to be 50-700 (μSv/y), whereas the effective dose value in raw tobacco leaves and chewing tobacco samples is 54-201 μSv/y and 230-290 μSv/y, respectively which are within the range found in cigarette samples.}

5 tables, 23 ref

022098   Ghosh D;Deb A;Biswas S;Mandal P;Mallick A K; Haldar P K (Physics Dep, Nuclear and Particle Physics Research Center, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032, Email: dipakghosh_in@yahoo.com) : Azimuthal correlation and fractal study of compound hadrons (pions and protons) at Duban and SPS energy. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(10), 1463-85.

Presents an investigation of compound hadrons (pions and protons) distribution emitted from ^{24Mg-AgBr and 12C-AgBr interactions both at 4.5 AGeV and 32S-AgBr interactions at 200 AGeV. The study includes azimuthal correlations (two particle and three particle), azimuthal asymmetry and fractal behaviour. This paper reveals some interesting results.}

10 illus, 5 tables, 46 ref

022097   Ghafary T;Sepehri A;Hasheminia M;Zomorrodian M E (Physics Dep, Mashhad Ferdowsi Univ, School of Sciences, 91775, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran, Email: zomorrod@erdowsi.um.ac.ir ) : Momentum spectra of identified hadrons at e<. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(12), 1691-8.

Charged particle momentum distributions are studied in the reaction e^{+e- → hadrons, using data collected with the AMY detector at center of mass energy of 58 GeV. The measured distributions and derived quantities in combination with the corresponding results obtained at both lower and higher center of mass energies are compared to QCD predictions in theoretical approach to study the energy dependence of the strong interaction, and to test QCD as the theory describing it. To achieve this, the mean charged particle multiplicity, the charged particle momentum spectrum and its peak position are compared with predictions of the modified-leading logarithmic approximation. In general, good agreement is observed between the data and the above approximation in the regions where the model is expected to be valid. In addition the strong coupling constant α_s is determined from a fit of the QCD prediction to x_p distribution of the Feynman scaling. When we leave α as a free parameter in the fit we obtainα_s = 0.115 ± 0.008.}

4 illus, 28 ref

022096   El-Khateeb E (Physics Dep, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univ, Abbaseia, Cairo, Egypt, Email: essraa@link.net) : Existence of exotic proton-kaon four particle system. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(11), 1525-48.

Existence of the exotic proton-kaon four particle system p^{+ k p- K+ is investigated. The Rayleigh-Riyz variational technique is used in calculations. The system tested is found to exist as bound state and its binding energy is calculated.}

4 illus, 3 tables, 41 ref

022095   Deka P C;Sarma H;Sarkar S;Goswami T D;Sarma B K (Physics Dep, Rangia College, Rangia-781 354, Email: pdekarc@rediffmail.com) : Indoor radon and thoron progeny levels in surrounding areas of Nalbari, Assam, India. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(7), 1025-30.

With the growing understanding of the role of radon and its daughter products as major sources of radiation exposure, the importance of large number of estimation of radon concentration in various parts of the country is realized. Inhalation of radon, thoron and their decay products is the major source of the total radioactive dose received by the human population from natural radiation. The indoor radon and thoron progeny levels in Nalbariarea of Assam are studied by using the LR-115(type II) Solid State Nuclear Track Detector in Plastic Twin Chamber dosimeter. Radon and thoron progeny levels in different types of dwellings for one full calendar year are presented in this paper. For Assam Type (A.T.) houses, indoor radon progeny concentrations vary from 0.17 to 0.64 mWL with an annual geometric mean of 0.27 mWL and that for Reinforced Cement Concrete (R.C.C.) houses vary from 0.22 mWL to 0.60 mWL with the annual geometric mean of 0.37 mWL. The thoron progeny levels in A.T. houses also vary from 0.01 to of 0.05 mWL with an annual geometric mean of 0.02 mWL and that for R.C.C. houses vary from 0.02 to 0.08 mWL with the annual geometric mean of 0.04 mWL.

3 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

022094   De S S;Paul S;Haldar D K;Barui S;Sanpui M; Bandyopadhyay B (Center of Advanced Study in Radio Physics and Electronics, Calcutta Univ, 1, Girish Vidyaratna Laen, Kolkata-700 009, Email: de_syam_sundar@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of recent solar eclipse upon a subionospheric transmitted signal. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(9), 1245-1250.

Continuous recording of a subionospheric transmitted signal at 16.4 kHz from Novik, Norway (66° 58' N, 13° 54' E) is being carried out in Kolkata (22°34' N, 88° 30' E). The effects of recent solar eclipse on August 1, 2008 over this transmitted signal have been reported in this paper. The variations of normalized amplitude of this signal and its phase retardation in the path during the solar eclipse are measured which show significant deviations from their usual values for the same period of the control days.

3 illus, 17 ref

022093   Datta B K (Mathematics Dep, Chakdaha College, Chakdaha-741 222, Email: bkd01@yahoo.co.in) : Analytic treatment of time fractional nonlinear operator equation with applications. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(9), 1315-22.

Analytic treatment of time fractional nonlinear operator equation has been presented by using Adomian's decomposition method (ADM). To illustrate the procedure, the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation of fractional order has been solved. The solution is expressed in terms of Mittag-Leffler function. The present method performs extremely well in terms of accuracy, efficiency and simplicity.

32 ref

022092   Dash S K;Dash J K;Dalai B;Swain B B (DESM, Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Bhubaneswar-751 022, Email: skdash59@yahoo.com) : Dielectric response of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) in apolar solvents: solute-solvent interactions. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(11), 1557-66.

Dielectric constants of binary mixtures of MIBK, an extractant used in nuclear energy industry, with six apolar solvents i.e. benzene, dioxane, cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, p-xylene and n-heptane have been measured at 455 kHz. The data are used to evaluate the Eyring's structural parameter, G*, in these systems to assess the nature of non-specific solute-solvent interaction. The value of G* is found to be influenced by the nature of the solvent.

4 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

022091   Choudhury D K;Dhar P K (Physics Dep, Gauthati Univ, Guwahati-781 014, Email: dkc_phys@yahoo.co.in) : χ-distribution of non-singlet structure function at low and high χ. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(12), 1699-1709.

Study of Parton distribution function (PDF) has itself become a topic of significant interest. To overcome the shortcoming of the conventional PDF, several alternative methods have been proposed in recent years like neural network formalism. In the present work, x distribution of the non-singlet structure function is obtained using the recently reported complete solution of Taylor-approximated DGLAP equation. The results are compared with exact results as well as CCFR data.

2 illus, 20 ref

022090   Chandra Shekar N V;Ravindran T R;Sahu P C; Arora A K (Condense Matter Physics Div, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Center of Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, Email: chandru@igcar.gov.in) : Evolution of disorder in Zn(CN)2 at high pressure. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(9), 1289-93.

Zinc cyanide is an interesting negative thermal expansion (NTE) material exhibiting cubic structure at ambient pressure and temperature. We have investigated the structural stability of zinc cyanide under high pressure up to 5.2 GPa by performing X-ray powder diffraction in a diamond anvil cell. Under very low pressure of about 0.6 GPa, the diffraction peaks drastically reduce in intensity, indicating possible onset of disorder in the structure. In this paper, its high pressure structural and compressibility behaviour, bulk modulus and the pressure derivative of bulk modulus are reported.

3 illus, 11 ref

022089   Bhakuni G;Bisht S (Physics Dep, Kumaun Univ, Nainital-263 002, Email: bhakugaur8@gmail.com) : Relativistic effects in the bound states of electric charge-dyon system. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(12), 1711-20.

Study of relativistic effects in the interaction of a spin-1/2 electric charge in the radial field of a spin less point like dyon has been undertaken using Dirac's relativistic equation. Angular momentum and energy eigen values have been obtained. The deviations of the results from those of hydrogen atom like systems have been discussed.

19 ref

022088   Basu B;Bandyapadhyay S (Physics & Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata-700 108, Email: banasri@isical.ac.in) : Zipf's law and distribution of population in Indian cities. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(11), 1575-82.

The Zipf's law is studied here in the context of size distribution of Indian cities and the power law exponent is estimated. the data from the Indian censuses of 1981,1991 and 2001. The analysis shows that the population distribution in Indian cities do follow a power law similar to the ones found in other countries. The scaling exponent are found to be 2.15 ± 0.01 for 1981, 2.11 ± 0.01 for 1991 and 2.05 ± 0.02 for 2001 from the linear fit. Also estimates the scaling exponent from the maximum likelihood estimator technique which is found to be 2.04 ± 0.07 for the year 2001.

5 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

022087   Barooah D;Goswami A K;Laskar I (Physics Dep, Cotton College, Guwahati-781 001, Email: deb_bh@rediffmail.com) : Radon exhalation rate studies in makum coalfield area using track-etched detectors. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(8), 1155-61.

Radon exhalation rates were studied using LR-115 (II) nuclear track detectors in and around the Makum coalfield, which has significant geological features. Exhalation rates (mass and surface) from coal and soil samples were studied with reference to the geological features. The mass and surface exhalation rates from coal samples ranged from 6.1-16.2 mBq/kg/h and 201.6-535.7 mBq/m^{2/h, respectively. The mass and surface exhalation rates from the soil samples collected from the Margherita Thrust area of the coalfield and the coalfield area lying in between the Margherita Thrust and Disang Thrust of the coalfield were found to be 10.7 mBq/kg/h and 354.2 mBq/m2/h, and 9.5 mBq/kg/h and 314.2 mBq/m2/h, respectively.}

2 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

022086   Bajwa B S;Singh H;Singh J;Singh S (Physics Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar-143 005, Email: bsbajwa2k2@yahoo.co.in ) : Comparative study of indoor radon levels and inhalation dose in some areas of Punjab and Haryana, India. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(8), 1183-9.

Indoor radon concentrations have been measured for two consecutive half-year periods in a wide range of dwellings of some regions of Punjab and Haryana states. The objective was to find correlation between the variations of indoor radon levels with the sub-soil, local geology, type of building materials, etc. of the two regions. So keeping this in view the indoor radon measurements have been carried out in the dwellings of different villages around the Tusham ring complex, Bhiwani District, Haryana, known to be composed of acidic volcanics and the associated granites along with some villages of Amritsar District, Punjab. The indoor radon concentration in the dwellings around Tusham (Haryana) have been found to be varying from 120.5±95 to 915.2±233 Bq m^{-3, whereas it ranges from 60.0±37 to 235.6145>96 Bq m-3 for the dwellings of Punjab. The 222Rn concentration observed at most of locations particularly around Tusham ring complex region is higher than that of all the villages studied in Punjab region. Local geology including embedded granitic rocks, sub-soil, etc. as well as building materials having higher radioactive content are the major contributors for the higher indoor radon levels observed in the dwelling around Tusham, where few dwellings have higher radon concentrations than the ICRP, 1993 recommendations. The annual effective dose equivalent has also been estimated for each location of the both regions, which has been found to be varying from 1.0 to 17.2 mSv/y.}

2 tables, 21 ref

022085   Baishya R;Sarma J K (Physics Dep, J.N. College, Boko-781 123, Email: fjitboko@yahoo.co.in) : Solution fo non-singlet DGLAP evolution equation in leading order and next to leading order at small-x. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(9), 1333-41.

The non-singlet structure functions have been obtained by solving Dokshitzer, Gribove, Lipatov, AlterelIi, Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations in leading order (LO) and next to leading order (NLO) at the small x limit. Here a Taylor Series expansion has been used and then the method of characteristics has been used to solve the evolution equations. We have also calculated t and x-evolutions of deuteron structure function and the results are compared with the New Muon Collaboration (NMC) and E665 data.

3 illus, 2 ref

022084   Bahniwal S;Sharma A;Aggarwal S;Kumar S (Physics Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119) : Theramal studies of soda glass metal nonocomposite synthesized by ion exchange. Indian J Phys 2009, 83(12), 1667-70.

Soda glass metal nanocomposite having Ag nanoparticles has been synthesized by the combined use of ion exchange method and subsequent thermal annealing. Remarkable changes in photoluminescence and UV-visible spectra of resulting nanocomposite as a function of post annealing temperature has been observed. These changes can be attributed to the structural rearrangement of silver during heat treatment. In UV-Visible spectra, characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak of silver nanoparticles has been observed around 430 nm. Photoluminescence spectra of the silver exchanged soda glass samples show a dominant peak at 547 nm. At an annealing temperature of 450°C photoluminescence intensity is the maximum followed by a decreasing trend upto 600°C.

2 illus, 15 ref

018927   Suresh Kumar;Tiwary K P (Applied Physics Dep, Birla Institite of Technology, Patna, Bihar, Email: suresh_kumar19762007@yahoo.com) : Assessment of water and air contamination in the surrounding of ucil, Jaduguda mine, Jharkhand (India). J Envir Res Dev 2008, 3(2), 472-8.

Extensive study for ground water contamination and air contamination was made in and around the uranium corporation of India Ltd. Jaduguda, Jharkhand, Uranium mines are major roots for producing and spreading radioactive elements and other pollutants that ultimately cause hazardous impact on the living beings of its surroundings. In this work we have selected some villages situated 10 km in the surrounding of UCIL, Jaduguda Mining area and various parameters like air-gamma dose rate, ²²²Rn concentration, Relative humidity etc., in air were measured. The measurement was carried out by an equipment Alpha guard. This work also consists of a thorough study of some important physio-chemical parameters of ground water in Turamdih and Bandhurang open cast mine region of UCIL, Jaduguda. The ₂₂₂Rn concentration was observed in above mention village areas are within the limit i.e., lower than 600 Bq/m³ (ICRP 65).

4 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

018926   Karumuri S R;Choudhary J;Bhattacharjee R; Sarkar N K (Physics Dep, Assam Univ, Silchar, Email: srinivasa_karumuri@rediffmail.com) : Analysis of resonance Raman spectra of nickel octathyl porphyrin using Lie algebra. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 3(1), 250-6.

One of the most interesting areas of current research in Molecular Physics is the study of the vibrational excited states of medium and large molecules. In view of the considerable amount of the experimental activity in this area, one needs theoretical models within which to interpret experimental data. We propose an algebraic model of n coupled one- dimensional unharmonic oscillators and apply it to the study of the stretching modes of metalloporphyrin molecules. Using Lie algebraic method the fundamental vibrational energy levels of metalloporphyrin molecules like Ni (OEP) are calculated for 24 stretching vibrational modes. Using the algebraic Hamiltonian is H = E₀ + Σ^{n_i=1 A_iC_i + Σn_n<j A_ij C_ij + Σn_i<j λ_ij M_ij. Where A_i, A_ij and λ_ij are the algebraic parameters which varies from molecule to molecule and Qi, Cij and Mij are algebraic operators. The vibrational energy levels are calculated using model Hamiltonian and result compared with the experimental values. The results obtained by this model are in good accuracy with the observed data.}

1 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref

018925   Ahmed M T (Physics Dep, Faculty of Science, Mansoura Univ, 3516 Mansoura, Egypt, Email: moustf_1@yahoo.com) : Thermally stimulated discharge current and thermal sampling studies on poly (Vinyl chloride- Co- vinylacetate-Co-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate)/poly (Methyl methacrylate) blends. Int J Mater Sci 2009, 4(1), 57-71.

Reports in this work the results of dielectric studies on blends of PVVH and PMMA. The dielectric techniques used was thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) in the temperature range from 300 to 420 K, in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature. Global spectra of both PVVH and PMMA are characterized by two relaxation peaks, a- and p-relaxation. The α-relaxation is associated with the main glass transition of the material and ρ-peak which is attributable to space charge. On blending the spectra showed two peaks corresponding to a-relaxation of both PVVH and PMMA. The position of the peak temperature T_m (a-relaxation of PVVH) is shifted toward the higher temperature side as PVVH constituent decrease. The disappearance of the ρ-peak, accompanied by the displacement of the a-peak to higher temperature, is the result of the higher thermal stability of the permanent dipoles, which is strongly influenced by the blending. The global TSDC spectrum of 50/50 wt% with varying poling field revealed the samples are characterized by two distinguished relaxation peaks. The first one has been observed in the temperature range from 348K to 361 K, whereas, the second one has been detected at a higher temperature, T=375 K. Thermal sampling (TS) technique was used to get more information about the fine structure of samples. The kinetic parameter such as activation energy, pre-exponential factor and dipole-dipole interaction strength parameter was determined by using iterative technique depending on Arrhenius relaxation model. In both blended samples, the continuous distribution of pre-exponential factors over.

6 illus, 40 ref

018924   Ahmed M T (Physics Dep, Faculty of Science, Mansoura Univ, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt, Email: moustf_1@yahoo.com) : Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and AC conductivity in copper chloride doped polyvinyl alcohol. Int J Mater Sci 2009, 4(1), 25-39.

FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and the dielectric relaxation of pure Poly(Vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and PVA-CuCli, doped samples were examined. The films were doped with copper using the direct method consisting in the addition of a copper salt (CuCl₂) in the deposition bath of PVA. Doping of PVA with cupper chloride caused a considerable change in the FT-IR and X-ray spectra, indicating the structure modifications. The dielectric relaxations of PVA-CuCl₂ were studied in a wide range of frequencies (0.2-100 KHz), at temperature between 300-400 K. All samples have shown high values of dielectric constant at low frequency and high temperatures. This behaviour was attributed to the effect of electrode polarization and/or Maxwell-Wagner-Sillar polarization. Conductivity measurements were undertaken with the aim of describing the possible mechanisms of conduction in these materials.

8 illus, 2 tables, 41 ref

017999   Yadav M (NO, , Village & P O : Bakaur, Via: Sukhore, Dis. : Supaul (Bihar)) : Electrostatic sheath of a collissional dusty plasma. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 615-22.

Considering the Boltzmann respons of the ions and electrons in plasma dynamics, and inertial dynamics of the dust charged grains in a highly collisional dusty plasma, the nature of the electrostatic potential near a boundary is investigated. Based on the fluid approximation, the formation as well as the characteristic behaviours of the sheath is studied. The presence of dust charged grains will lead to a very different behaviour of the sheath as compared to that of electron-ion plasma. Moreover, the collisions of the dust charged grains with the neutrals are expected to exhibit novel features.

8 illus, 12 ref

017998   Yadav M (NO, , Village & P O: Bakaur, Via: Sukhore, Dist. : Supaul (Bihar)) : Physical aspects of colloidal plasmas. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 611-14.

Colloidal plasma is a distinct class of the impure plasmas with multispecies ionic composition. The distinction lies in the phase distribution of the impurity-ion species. The ability to tailor the electrostatic interactions between these colloidal particles provides a fertile ground for scientists to investigate the fundamental aspects of the Coulomb phase transition behaviour. The present contribution has been reviewed the basic physics of the charging mechanism of the colloidal particles as well as the physics of the collective normal mode behaviour of the general multi-ion species plasmas. Emphasis have been laid on the clarification of the prevailing confusing ideas about distinct qualities of the various acoustic modes, which are likely to exist in colloidal plasmas as well as in normal multi-ion species plasmas. Introductory ideas about the proposed physical models for the Coulomb phase transition in colloidal plasma has also been discussed .

11 ref

017997   Vishal Kumar;Govindan A (Physics Dep, Govt Women's P G College, Kandhla, Muzaffarnagar (U P)) : Piezoelectric and conductivity studies on PZT-SIO₂ ceramic glass composites. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 659-63.

Silica upto 10% does not affect the piezo properties much while the diectric constant fall rapidly. Also a reduction of loss follows. The d_h/F128><101> ratio also improves implying a pretty high d_hg_h (hydrostatic piezo figure of merit). From figures 1 & 2 it can be seen that the glassy nature of silica and effect of vitrification appears in the x-ray diffractograms. Figure 3 shows that the conductivity rapidly increases with temperature while the activation energies are not much affected, which is clear from the slopes of the σ vs log (1/T) curves. The material (specially 10% Silica: PZT) can thus be used in underwater ultrasonics and Medical imaging transducers.

4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

017996   Tomar R K S;Singh B P;Verma A S;Choudhary S K;Bharadwaj S R (Physics Dep, Institute of Basic Sciences, Khandari, Agra-282 002) : Dielectric properties of rare-earth chalcogenides. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 587-92.

Present dielectric properties of rare-earth chalcogenides (RE₂X₃, RE = rare-earth materials, X = O and S). We have presented the expression relating the plasmon energy (h <119>_pp) for these compounds with atomic number of constituent atoms. The plasmon energy (h ω_p of these compounds exhibits an inversely relationship with the average atomic number of constituent atoms (Z_av). We have applied proposed relation on rare-earth chalcogenides, and found a better agreement with the experimental and theoretical data reported so far.

1 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

017995   Tomar R K S;Singh B P; (Physics Dep, I B S Khandari, Dr B R A University, Agra-282 002) : Electronic properties of fluorite type solids. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 575-8.

Present electronic properties such as homopolar gaps (E_h), average: energy gaps (E_g) and crystal ionicity (_i) for fluorite type crystal structured solids. We have made an attempt to understand average energy gap (E_g), plasmon energy (n fOp) and crystal ionicity f_i) trends in these materials using modified Phillips and Van Vechten theory and other related models. A discussion based on P. V. V. theory has been presented for the derived homopolar gap (E_h), average energy gap (E_g), Penn gap (E_p) correlating ionicity with E_c and E_g as well as with various hyperfine interactions.

2 tables, 15 ref

017994   Tiwari S N;Shukla S (Physics and Electronics Dep, Dr R M L Avadh University, Faizabad-224 001) : Qualitative analysis of small-signal wide-bank triple darlington amplifier. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 559-65.

Modification is proposed in the conventional circuit of Triple Darlington amplifier by adding an extra biasing resistance RD This completely removes the problem of poor response of Triple Darlington and Darlington pair amplifier at mid range and higher frequencies. Proposed amplifier also provides a wide frequency band response for small signals and thus effectively used in various analog circuits.

8 illus, 10 ref

017993   Thirumaran S;Maithily R (Physics Dep, (D D E) Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Ultrasonic investigation in ternary liquid mixtues at different temperatures. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 679-90.

The ultrasonic study of velocity, density and viscosity has been measured for the mixtures of alcohols, namely isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) in toluene at 303, 308 and 313 K. The experimental data have been used to calculate the acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), intermolecular free length (L_f), free volume (V_f, internal pressure (π_i) , molar volume (V_f) and acoustic impedance (Z). Some of the above excess parameters have also been fitted to Redlich-Kister Polynomials to test the validity of these excess values. The mixing of DMSO with alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol induces the mutual dissociation effect of the component molecules and also it dominates over the hydrogen bonds between the unlike molecules. This results in a weak molecular interactions existing in the present systems of mixtures.

3 illus, 6 tables, 27 ref

017992   Sinha R; (NO, , Mahesh Nagar Colony, Plot No. 48, P O Lanka, Varanasi-221 005) : Five laws of inertial frames. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 665-8.

In establishing the celebrated time dialation formula and length contraction formula, Einstein [1] used only two postulates, while he tacitly used many others also. Authors of this paper have tried to supply sufficient number of postulates, which are being named here "five laws of inertial frames", in order to derive these formulae. Further, Einstein established his two formulae using two different hypothetical experiments, while the authors of this paper have been able to derive both formulae simultaneously using only one hypothetical experiment. The five laws of inertial frames are the more accurate foundation for the special theory of relativity. During these discussions, it turns out that length and velocity are more primitive notions than the notion of time. So. it is suggestive to replace time with speed as one of the fundamental quantities in physics.

2 illus, 1 ref

017991   Singh R S (Physics Dep, Faculty of Science, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur-342 005) : Electrical resistivity of molten transition metals. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 711-15.

The electrical resistivities of liquid transition metals (Vanadium, Niobium, Tantalum, Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten) have been investigated using the pseudopotential approach. The formalism includes the effect of d-bands explicitly. The results are in good agreement with the available experimental data showing the validity of the pseudopotential approach to explain the electron transport properties of liquid transition metals.

2 tables, 23 ref

017990   Sharma A;Yadav R P;Agarwal P K (Physics Dep, V S P Govt P G College, Kairana (Muzaffarnagar), U P) : Adiabatic blast wave in earth's nonuniform medium. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 601-10.

A study of flow variables have been performed due to adiabatic propagation of spherical blast wave, in the nonuniform media of earth's atmosphere, using energy hypothesis of Thomas. The release of energy is considered as instantaneous and the gravitation of earth is taken into account. Variations of pressure, density and temperature ratios of shocked medium and unshocked medium along with the variation of particle velocity with propagation distance in different directions are calculated numerically. Effect of changing the specific heat ratio is also studied.

10 illus, 24 ref

017989   Rajput B S;Bharat Singh (NO, Prince Institute in Innovatie Technology, D-16, Sector-9, New Vijay Nagar, Ghaziabad (U.P.)) : Superconductivity in restricted chromo-dynamics. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 623-34.

Characterizing the dyonically condensed vacuum by the presence of two massive modes (one determining how fast the perturbative vacuum around a colour source reaches the condensation and the other giving the penetration length of colored flux), it has been shown that due to the dynamical breaking of magnetic symmetry. Analysing the behaviour of dyons around RCD string, the solutions of classical field equations have been obtained and and it has been shown that magnetic constituet of dyonic current is zero at centre of the string and also at the points for away from the string.

42 ref

017988   Rajamoorthy M;Duraisamy P;Palanisamy J R (Physics Dep, Government Arts College, Ariyalur-621 713, Email: mrm3067@yahoo.com) : Influence of the sunspots on the earth's climate. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect F 2009, 28(1-2), 17-25.

Sun warms our Earth surface, the oceans and the atmosphere. The energy transfer from the Sun to the atmosphere is one of the primary drivers of our weather. World climate is also strongly affected by the amount of solar radiation received by the Earth. The amount of radiation emitted by the Sun changes with solar activity. Hence the amount of Energy received by the Earth is also changed. The amount of energy changes based on the Earth's atmosphere is depending on the radiation reflected from the Earth's surface. "Climatic Change" is the most discussed topic in the recent days throughout the world. The IPCC had given a report that the human activities influence the Earth's climate. This study enumerates the .influence of the solar activity on the surface temperature of the Earth, particularly in India. In this work the mean temperature data of 103 years and Sunspots data were taken into account. From the Correlative and Regression analysis we have acquired the results that there is a connection between eleven years of solar cycle and the Earth's climate. This paper concludes that solar activity is one of the factors that change the Earth's climate.

8 illus, 18 ref

017987   Palani R;Eswari L R;Kesavasamy R (Physics Dep, D D E Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Intermolecular interaction of amino acids in aqueous KNO₃ solution at 303, 308, 313 K. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 593-600.

Density (F128><114>), viscosity (η) and ultrasonic velocity (U) have been measured for glycine, L-alanine and L-serine in aqueous KN0₃ solution (1 molúkg^-1) at 303, 308 and 313 K. Using these data adiabatic compressibility (ρ), hydration number (η), apparent molal compressibility (φ_k, apparent molal volume (φ_v, limiting apparent molal compressibility (φ^o_k), limiting apparent molal volume φ^o_v and their constants (S_k, S_v) and B-coefficients of Jones-Dole equation were calculated. The results of these . parameters have been discussed in terms of ion-solvent and ion-ion interactions operative in the systems.

3 tables, 17 ref

017986   Nand Kishore;Singh N;Rathi S K (Physics Dep, B S A College, Mathura (U P)) : For hail suppression : equivalence between supersaturation ratio and external electric field. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 579-85.

Effective role of external electric field in the nucleation has been applied to explore the hail suppression phenomenon. It has been found that an application of a small external electric field is equivalent to a large supersaturation ratio. Large size ice crystals are split into smaller particles so that damage caused by hails is reduced. At the same time, this happens at an early stage.

5 tables, 12 ref

017985   Mishra A K;Singh A K;Singh N P;Singh R P; Mishra L K (NO, , Vill Nayansukh Bigha, P O -Kurtha, Dist. Arwal-804 421) : Evaluation of temperature dependent hall coefficient, resistivity and Boson-Boson scattering cross-section (cot Θ_H) high T_c superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2009, 35(4), 729-38.

Using the bipolaron model which describes the bipolaron low energy spin and charge excitation of metal oxides, we have evaluated the temperature dependent Hall coefficient R_H resistivity (p) and Boson-Boson scattering cross-section cot Θ_H as a function of temperature T for high T_c superconductor YaB₂Cu₃0_7-δ having different value of δ = 0.05, 0.19, 0.23 and 0.39. Our theoretical results are in a satisfactory agreement with those of the experimental data.

4 tables, 35 ref