001307   SATISH K S, GUPTA B, NAYAK A, SINGH R V, SATISH K O, SHIVAJI S A (Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology Dep, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science Univ, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh) : Prevalence and incidence of Escherichia coli in different water sources in Jabalpur city. Int J Entomol Res 2019, 4(2), 74-7.

Jabalpur is the city with a large number of ponds and river tributaries which are the main source of water to drink. The study was needed for the quality of this water. The present study was done to observe the bacteriological quality of water in Jabalpur on the basis of isolation and characterization of E.coli. A total of 117 samples were collected from different water sources in Jabalpur city, comprising 20 each from different banks of river Narmada and public taps, 21 from tube wells, 35 from different ponds, 21 from hand pumps. The result showed an overall 15.38 % prevalence of E.coli with sample wise prevalence of 00.00 %, 4.76 %, 10.00 %, 15.00 %, 34.00 %, and 28.00 % in tube wells, hand pumps, public taps, river Narmada and ponds, respectively. Characterization of E.coli with PCR revealed the presence of 83.33 % uspA genes. Most of the samples collected ware having the presence of E.coli contamination.

3 tables, 24 ref

001308   UGYA A Y, AHMAD A M, ADAMU H I, GIWA S M, IMAM T S (Environmental Management Dep, Kaduna State Univ, Kaduna, Nigeria, Email: ugya88@kasu.edu.ng) : Phytoextraction of heavy metals and risk associated with vegetables grown from soil irrigated with refinery wastewater. J Appl Biol Biotechnol 2019, 7(2), 14-9.

With the increase in anthropogenic activities, Heavy metal contamination of vegetables is inevitable as such it has become a course for concern due to food safety issues and potential health risk. This research is aimed at evaluating the phytoextraction efficiency of some vegetables and the potential health risk resulting from the consumption of vegetables that are grown in agricultural soil irrigated with Refinery wastewater. Wastewater was collected from the effluent point of Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company from October 2016 to February 2018 and analyzed for the presence of heavy metals (Cd⁺², Hg⁺², Ag⁺² and Pb⁺², Cr⁺³) before use for irrigation. Soil samples were collected from a farm located in Rigasa, Igabi Local Government of Kaduna State. The soil samples were digested and analyzed for heavy metal (Cd⁺², Hg⁺², Ag⁺² and Pb⁺², Cr⁺³) and physicochemical parameter before and after the wastewater is the used for irrigation and treatment process. The seeds of the vegetables were planted in the botanical garden of the Biological Sciences Department of Kaduna State University and were constantly irrigated by a refinery wastewater throughout the period of the research. After germination the plants were harvested and separated into root/rhiziome and shoot, digested and analyzed heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Bioconcentration factor, Biotranslocation factor, Daily intake of metal (DIM) and Health risk index (HRI) were calculated. The result obtained showed high accumulation trend in the vegetable for Cd and Hg in Solanum melongena, Cucumis sativa, Phasaelus vulgaris, Spinacia Oleracea, Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa, Daucas carota, Lycopersican esculentum, Pipper nigrum above recommended standard. The high DIM and HRI value by all the vegetables that are above FAO/WHO recommended a limit for the heavy metals. These researches thereby discourage the use of refinery wastewater in irrigation farming of vegetables. It also recommends the need to stop all vegetable farming activities within the bank of Romi stream since refinery wastewater is constantly been released into the stream.

6 tables, 77 ref

001299   ALARAJI F, HAMMADI H, ABED A A, KHUDHAIR Y I (Pathology and Poultry Diseases Dep, Al-Qadisiyah Univ, Diwaniyah, Iraq, Email: furkan.sabbar@qu.edu.iq) : Molecular detection and phylogenetic tree of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in layers in Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq. Vet World 2019, 12(4), 605-8.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) of chickens is a substantial issue to be studied in Iraq because this disease is one of the most highly contagious respiratory diseases in the world caused by a herpesvirus. However, in Iraq, the ILT virus (ILTV) infection and disease have yet not been confirmed in layers, so farm owners do not vaccinate these layers. The current study aimed to document the detection and characterization of ILTV in layer hens from Al-Diwaniyah city, for the first time in Iraq, using molecular techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Four layer farms (15,000 unvaccinated layers/farm) in Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq, suffered a severe ILT outbreak, was diagnosed and reported by clinical and PCR tests. This disease has been reported in Iraq, and more recently, it began to show outbreaks in Al-Diwaniyah city. The current work opted to investigate the ILTV using PCR and DNA sequencing techniques. The study targeted the p32 gene of ILTV using pooled tracheal swabs and organs including the trachea, lung, and kidneys which were collected from dead and clinically infected chickens. The analyses revealed that four of six suspected field samples showed positive results by PCR. The DNA sequencing results showed the homology of the amplified fragments with the studied gene. This study confirmed the presence of ILTV in hens with respiratory signs during the outbreak.

2 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

001305   KABRITE S, BOU-MITRI C, FARES J E H, HASSAN H F, BOUMOSLEH J M (Nursing and Health Sciences Dep, Notre Dame Univ, Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Email: jboumosleh@ndu.edu.lb) : Identification and dietary exposure assessment of tetracycline and penicillin residues in fluid milk, yogurt, and labneh: A cross-sectional study in Lebanon. Vet World 2019, 12(4), 527-34.

The safety and quality of dairy products are considered to be of significant importance to human health. Although antimicrobial drugs are essential for disease treatment in modern medicine, the use of these drugs can have undesired consequences for human and animal health. This study aimed to investigate the presence of tetracycline and penicillin residues in raw, pasteurized, and UHT cow’s milk of different fat contents, as well as in the dairy products yogurt and labneh, a traditional Lebanese product. A total of 44 samples, 4 raw, 9 UHT, 9 pasteurized milk, 10 yogurt, and 12 labneh samples from common local brands available in the Lebanese market were collected from Keserwan regions in May 2016. Tetracycline and penicillin residues were determined using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The mean values for tetracycline and penicillin were all below the limit of detection (LOD) of the ELISA kit of a maximum standard concentration of 1.80 µg/kg and 4.00 µg/kg, respectively. All samples tested positive for antibiotic residues. The detection rate for tetracycline in milk (n=22) samples was 86.4 % with a mean residues value of 1.16 ± 0.70 μg/kg. The detection rate of tetracycline in labneh (n=12) and yogurt (n=10) samples was 50 % for each with a mean value of 1.76 ± 0.40 μg/kg and 0.63 ± 0.12 μg/kg, respectively. As for penicillin residues, 90.9 % of the milk (n=22) samples tested positive with a mean value of 0.52 ± 0.25 μg/kg. The detection rate in labneh (n=12) and yogurt (n=10) samples was 0 % for penicillin residues, where mean values were all below the LOD (<1.25 μg/kg) for these dairy products. None of the samples exceeded the maximum residue levels. The estimated dietary intake (EDI) for tetracycline and penicillin residues for all dairy products is 2.09 ng/kg body weight (BW)/day resulting in 0.007% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and 1.83 ng/kg BW/day resulting in 0.006 % of the ADI, respectively. All EDI values were below the ADI set for each antibiotic residue and do not exceed relevant toxicological reference values. However, concerns might still be present from consumption of other animal food products containing residues. Moreover, the long-term exposure to such residues is still unknown as a result of bioaccumulation; it is a challenging process to determine the actual dietary consumption of foods containing antibiotic residues; hence, the human health risk cannot be easily predicted.

3 tables, 36 ref

001301   DAS S K (Botany Dep, Regional Institute of Education, Bhubaneswar, Odisha) : Biodegradable plastics: Ecofriendly plastics. J Med Plants Stud 2019, 7(2), 103-5.

The inappropriate disposal of plastic waste represents a serious environmental issue that is today receiving increased attention. Incorrectly discharged plastic items tend to accumulate in nature, leaving behind an undesirable visual footprint and a potential risk to wildlife. In an attempt to provide solutions (bio) degradable plastics have seen the light. Biodegradable (PE) plastic bags own almost the same qualities as ordinary plastic bags. Biodegradable plastic bags differ mainly through its composability (biological reduction).The underlying technology is based on special additives which, if incorporated into standard PE resins, are purported to accelerate the degradation of the film products. Degradable PE films can help lessen the problem of plastic wastes. By using degradable plastics, farmers can protect their horticultural crops from harsh elements like too much sun, wind, rain, and diseases, without significant negative effect on yield, quality, and heavy metal content of these crops as well as on soil properties.

4 ref

001300   BHALAJI R K A, BATHRINATH S, PONNAMBALAM S G, SARAVANASANKAR S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil - 626 126, Email: bathri@gmail.com) : A Fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory approach to analyse risk factors related to environmental health and safety aspects in the healthcare industry. Sadhana 2019, 44(3), 55.

In healthcare firms, environmental health and safety (EHS) remains as a vital factor as healthcare products pose very intricate problems related to environment safety. The different similar and dissimilar risk factors that prevail in the system have complicated known and unknown causal relationships that are difficult to understand and interpret. Hence, improving the EHS remains as a challenge in healthcare industry. A research study is carried out utilizing the data (in conjunction with expert’s opinion) and conditions of a healthcare firm in India to categorize and obtain the prominent risk factors based on identifying the most adverse causal relationship among them. A Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (fuzzy DEMATEL)-based approach is designed and employed to assess and rank different EHS risk factors. The trapezoidal fuzzy membership function of the model facilitates better learning of interrelationships in spite of the prevailing vagueness in the causal relationships between the risk factors. The outcomes (the decisive risk factors) out of the experimentation using the proposed methodology strongly coincide with the actual causes of the EHS factors during the last one decade. As the proposed approach is found to be very effective in fixing the causal relationships and ranking among the risk factors, this may be successfully employed in similar healthcare firms/ industries for finding out their respective decisive risk factors.

2 illus, 9 tables, 52 ref

001302   GOSWAMI K, TRAKROO M D (Aquatic Environment Management Dep, G.B. Pant Univ Of Agriculture And Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand) : An overview of qualitative and quantitative composition of phytoplankton community at Lake Nainital. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 1800-4.

Lake Nainital is situated at Nainital district (known as Lake District of India) in Uttarakhand. The climate of Nainital is sub-tropical to sub-humid, which provides soothing environment for luxurious growth of planktons. Qualitative and quantitative structure of phytoplankton was assessed for a period of eight months from September, 2016 to April, 2017 for evaluation of their diversity at lake using diversity indices. On the basis of human interference three sites were selected. Site1 (S₁) was near pump house at Thandi sadak, which was operated to improve the dissolved oxygen content of the lake. Site 2 (S₂) was near Naina Devi Temple, where drainage of temple is flushed into the water. Site 3 (S₃) was at platform near Boat stand, where there was a lot of human intervention by tourist activities. The floristic composition of Nainital Lake consisted of total number of 41 different taxa belonging to 4 classess and the density of phytoplankton varied from 2 × 10⁴ to 4.26 × 10⁴ cells L^-1 , with a mean population of 3.13 × 10⁴ cells L^-1 . Calculation of various diversity and evenness indices depicted that Site S₁ possess maximal diversity, whereas Site S₂ possess maximum density of phytoplankton.

3 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

001303   HAQ S, ARA S, BHATTI A A (Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir) : Heavy metals contamination in vegetables and its growing soil. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 1748-51.

The present study was carried out to analyse the heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetable crops. Soil samples as well as vegetable samples were collected from commercially growing vegetable belts of Central Kashmir (Noorbah (Srinagar) and Narkara (Budgam) area of Jammu and Kashmir. The soils and vegetable samples were analyzed for Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb. The mean values showed slightly higher amount of the heavy metals in the soils of Noorbagh (Srinagar). Furthermore, the edible part of radish had higher amount of these heavy metals respectively compared to tomato owing to the excessive discharge of domestic sewage in the irrigation channels. The heavy metal concentration in both the vegetable crops were below the critical limits of Indian standards but continuous monitoring of these metals is necessary to ensure the good quality of vegetables for consumption.

2 tables, 25 ref

001306   KHARE P, JAIN N K (Govt. Holkar Science Coll, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Phytoremediation of waste water by constructed wetland system in Government New Law College, Indore. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 1192-5.

Phytoremediation is an emerging green technology which uses green plants for the treatment of pollutants or harmful materials present in the environment. The present study focuses on the investigation of phytoremediation potential of tall reed grass Phragmites karka in the constructed wetland system for wastewater in the college campus of Govt. New Law College. Reed bed systems are ecofriendly, selfcontained, artificially engineered wetland systems. The efficiency of reed as an effective natural biological tool for waste water treatment was examined. Water samples were taken from the inlet and outlet tank and physicochemical parameters were analysed. The results confirm the phytoremediation potential of Phragmites karka, pH reduced from 8.122 to 7.26, Electrical conductivity decreased from 798.5 to 578.9 µ mho per cm, nitrate reduced from 7.727 to 1.231 mg/L, nitrite reduced from 0.832 to 0.194 mg/L, sulphate from 50.877 to 21.275 mg/L and phosphate from 0.198 to 0.627 mg/L. The results reveal that constructed wetland system is efficient for treatment of wastewater.

5 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

001304   HAZRA D K, PURKAIT A (Agricultural Chemicals Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal) : Role of pesticide formulations for sustainable crop protection and environment management: A review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(2), 686-93.

The role of pesticides in preventing crop losses, making available food at cheap rates and improvement in quality of food cannot be overemphasized. Development and identification of new pesticide molecules has reached to almost a saturation point. This has brought the importance of pesticide formulations to the fore. The purpose of formulating pesticide active ingredients for crop protection is to uniformly spread a small amount of an active chemical over a large area. The goal is to ensure safety in handling and during application and to optimize pesticide efficacy. This requires that the pesticide formulation be chemically stable and physically uniform under all foreseeable storage conditions so that the minimum effective amount can be accurately applied to target areas.

6 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

000067   RAMANATHAN S, AMSATH A (PG and Research Zoology Dep, Khadir Mohideen Coll, Adirampattinam - 614 701, Email: aamsath@gmail.com) : Seasonal variations of heavy metals in Puthukulam pond, Pudukkottai, Tamilnadu, India. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2019, 9(1), 85-8.

Heavy metals are derived from agricultural operations and industrial sewages ultimately find their ways into a variety of different water bodies and can produce a range of toxic effects in aquatic organisms, ranging from alternations to a single cell up the charges in whole population. The present study reports on the heavy metal concentrations in various places including station I and station II of Pudukulam pond, Pudukkottai. These two stations were exposed to heavy metal contaminated water system. The heavy metals like Cu, Zn, Mn, MI, Cr, Al, So, Li and K were determined in the water samples. All the heavy metals were seasonally varied, and their concentrations were under permissible level in the water samples of both stations.

2 tables, 13 ref

000056   DESWAL M, DESWAL P, LAURA J S (Environmental Sciences Dep, Maharshi Dayanand Univ, Rohtak - 124 001, Email: jslmdu@gmail.com) : Risk assessment of some herbal powders and herbal formulations contaminated with heavy metals. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2019, 10(1), 393-400.

Ten herbal medicines, Four herb choornam (Trikatu, Hingwashtak, Triphala and sitopladi) and five herbal compounds - Kutajghan Vati, Gandhak Rasayan, Sarivadi Vati, Chanderprabha Vati, Shankh Vati were tested for levels of heavy metals (Lead, copper, cadmium, iron, chromium, manganese, nickel and zinc). Both herbal extracts and herbal formulations showed the presence of heavy metals. Concentrations were higher in the herbal formulations as compared to herbal extracts. The intake of the heavy metals has been calculated by taking into account the recommended daily dose of the given Ayurvedic medicines and their calculated average daily dose (ADD). The paper discusses the significance of these quantities regarding calculated daily limit given by various international food and drug administration agencies. Iron, zinc, and copper are classified as micro-nutrients, and these metals have been reported to be deficient in the diet. The prescribed medication of tested Ayurvedic medicines provides the required intake of these micronutrients. The study concludes that the tested Ayurvedic medicines are not only safe regarding heavy metal intake but apart from their therapeutic use they are also beneficial as they supply essential minerals most importantly iron which is usually deficient in the diet.

9 tables, 42 ref

000062   MANJUNATH B T, REDDY J (Botany Dep, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore - 641 046, Email: manjunath.bt@christuniversity.in) : Effect of air pollutants on some heavy metals and biochemical constituents of leaves of some plants at Bangalore city: A case study. J Appl Nat Sci 2019, 11(1), 66-75.

Rapid urbanization in India has necessitated for undertaking remedial measures to minimize the alarming air pollution levels and consequent health effects. Promotion of vegetation that is tolerant to air pollutants is considered as an ecological sustainable strategy for mitigation of ill effects of particulate matters. In this regard the levels of four heavy metals viz. zinc (Zn) , lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) and its effects on antioxidants levels (Catalase activity), phytochemicals (Protein, Proline, Gallic acid)  and lipid peroxidation were studied in six commonly growing plants- O.sanctum, L. aspera, L.camara, V. rosea, B. spectabilis and R. communis from polluted (Zone I) and unpolluted (Zone 2) environments of Bangalore. Mean levels of heavy metals were comparatively higher in plants from polluted environments. Mean levels of Total protein (6.57±1.71 v/s 8.35±1.27 mg/g), gallic acid (15.79 ± 22.51 v/s 22.95 ± 25.66 mg/g) and Catalase activity (66.72 ± 17.95 v/s 78.94 ± 15.24 mU/g) was comparatively decreased in plants from polluted sites compared to non polluted control sites. Mean Proline (3.11 ± 0.46 v/s 2.63 ± 0.66 mg/g) and Malonaldehyde (19.07 ± 13.86 v/s 16.62 ± 13.49 nmol/g) levels, indicators of oxidative stress, was comparatively increased in plants from polluted sites. Positive correlation of lipid peroxidation in leaves was observed with heavy metals copper (r = 0.961, P < 0.005 in control sites; r=0.881, P<0.05 in polluted sites) and chromium (r = 0.792 in control sites; r = 0.758 in polluted sites). Zn levels showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation with gallic acid content in plant leaves (r = 0.871 in control sites: r = 0.937 in polluted sites). Total protein content showed significant negative correlation (P < 0.005) with Cu (r = -0.846) and Cr (r = -0.943) in control sites, but non-significant negative correlation in plants from polluted sites. The study revealed that plants responded to stress induced by air pollutants and produced phenolic compounds to tolerate and mitigate the oxidative stress.

13 illus, 6 tables, 31 ref

000060   KAUR K, KAUR S, KAUR A (Zoology Dep, Khalsa Coll, Amritsar-143 005, Email: kkirandeep575@gmail.com) : A review on ecotoxic potential of pollutants in fish. J Appl Nat Sci 2019, 11(1), 48-53.

Fishes in the aquatic food web are at the top of most aquatic food chains and form an important link in the aquatic-terrestrial food chain also. They are easily available in the wild, market, can be easily maintained in the laboratory and act as important models for indicating the outcome of exposure of human populations to toxic and genotoxic chemicals in drinking water. They respond to toxicants in a manner similar to higher vertebrates and metabolize and accumulate pollutants. Food is a major route for exposure of human populations to toxic chemicals in water so fish and shell fish have been recognized as major vectors for transfer of contaminants to humans, as these major sources of protein in many countries, are often contaminated with high concentrations of pollutants. In living systems, these are biotransformed to various toxic derivatives which react with DNA and lead to tumour development are carcinogenic and/or mutagenic to life leading to the number of cancer cases. Epidemiological studies have revealed that workers in the dye industry had a higher incidence of urinary bladder tumours than that of the general population. Therefore, in the present review an attempt has been made to document the work done in past on the use of fishes for studying toxicological changes induced by pollutants. Actually, toxicity and genotoxicity of dyes in fish has not been much explored, therefore along with the few reports available on dyes, literature on toxicity and genotoxicity of other aquatic pollutants has also been reviewed in the present study.

56 ref

000061   KUMAR S D, RAKHI U (Zoology Dep, Govt. Model Science Coll, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh) : Studies on physico–chemical parameters of Pagara Reservoir, Joura, District Morena (M.P.). Int J Fish Aquat Stud 2019, 7(1), 293-8.

Physico-chemical parameters of the water of Pagara reservoir, Joura district Morena, Madhya Pradesh, were determined during June 2016 to May 2017. The analysis of water temperature (20.42 to 34.72 ºC), transparency (132 to 181.5 cm), pH (6.71 to 8.09), alkalinity (55 to 135 mg/l), dissolved oxygen (5.85 to 8.47 mg/l), chloride (22.15 to 34.89 mg/l) and free carbon dioxide (3.42 to 8.98 mg/lit) indicated that the water of the reservoir is quite suitable for drinking purpose and fish culture. Stress should be given on the proper management of reservoir and to develop it into a tourist place.

16 illus, 1 table, 36 ref

000059   ILIYA A Y, OJUTIKU R O, KOLO R J, ARIMORO F O, MOHAMMED A Z, MUSA B B (Federal Univ of Technology, Minna, Nigeria) : Assessment of the spatio-temporal environmental parameters of surface water in Gurara reservoir, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Int J Fish Aquat Stud 2019, 7(1), 198-204.

Water is one of the main concerns in developing countries. In order to deal with this problem, an assessment of the spatio-temporal environmental parameters of surface water of Gurara Reservoir in Kaduna State was studied for twelve months from (March 2017-February, 2018). The physico-chemical parameters were determined monthly using standard methods. They includes water and air temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen (DO), biological Oxygen demand (BOD), Nitrate (No₃^-N), phosphorus (Po₄^-P), Total Hardness (TH), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Total dissolved Solid (TDS) and depth. All results were analyzed using descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Principal component analysis (PCA) was use to correlate the physico-chemical variables among the stations and months. All the parameters fluctuate between the stations. These was mostly noted within the seasons and most of the values increase as a results of influx of municipal waste, runoff from agricultural fields, herbicides and pesticides, deforestation and other chemicals. Although most of the environmental variable values recorded were within the standard permissible limits set by Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS, 2007) and (WHO, 2014), few stations within the reservoir are inclined toward eutrophication, therefore, the conservation and management of this water body is very much required.

2 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

000066   RAJAKARUNA S L, RANAWANA K B, GUNARATHNE A M T A, MADAWALA H M S P (Peradeniya Univ, Sri Lanka) : Importance of unregulated rivers as last refugees of native fishes; Implications of habitat alteration and exotic species introduction in Sri Lanka. Int J Fish Aquat Stud 2019, 7(1), 180-9.

River Mahaweli in Sri Lanka was greatly altered by dams under the Mahaweli diversion Scheme. Fish assemblages in segments of five tributaries of Mahaweli; Badulu Oya, upstream of Ulhitiya Oya and Loggal Oya (unregulated streams) and, Minipe and downstream of Ulhitiya Oya (regulated streams) were compared. Sampling was carried out in three selected 100 m segments from each study stream using hand nets, drag nets and cast nets. 40 fish species in 10 families were recorded. Ulihitiya downstream recorded the lowest abundance and species richness. Unregulated streams demonstrated a higher proportion of endemics (Dry: 41 – 54 % and Wet: 50 – 60 %) while regulated streams had highest proportions of exotics in both seasons (Dry; 26 and 72 %; Wet: 34 and 66 % in Minipe and Ulhitiya downstream, respectively). The results suggest that native and endemic fishes are more sensitive to altered habitat conditions highlighting the importance of protecting the remaining natural habitats.

6 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

000065   NYAUNDI J K, GETABU A M, KENGARA F, ONCHIEKU J, NJIRU M, KINARO Z O, BABU J M, SITOKI L M, NYAMWEYA C, OSORO E M (Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya) : Assessment of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) contamination in relation to physico-chemical parameters in the Upper River Kuja catchment, Kenya (East Africa). Int J Fish Aquat Stud 2019, 7(1), 172-9.

Concentrations of 17 organochlorine pesticides residues (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, delta-HCH, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Endrin, Endosulfan I, Dieldrin, p,p’-DDT, Endosulfan II, p,p’-DDD, Endrin aldehyde, p,p’-DDE, Endosulfan sulfate, Heptachlor epoxide and Methoxychlor) were analysed in water and sediment from Upper River Kuja catchment, Kenya, between January-October 2015, using Gas-Chromatography (GC) with (GC-ECD) equipment. Nutrient levels and water quality parameters: pH (7.57 ± 0.354), secchi disk (0.05 ± 0.019), dissolved oxygen (DO) (6.96 ± 0.897), temperature (25.39 ± 2.201), conductivity (62.03 ± 23.123) and hardness (26.39 ± 6.063) contributed to significant variations in organochlorine pesticide residue levels observed. Statistical significance differences (p<0.05) between water quality parameters in the sampling stations occurred. Pesticide concentrations ranged within BDL – 0.263 µgl^-1 , for Heptachlor, BDL – 0.506 µgl^-1 Heptachlor epoxide, BDL – 0.506 Aldrin, BDL – 0.014 Dieldrin, p,p’-DDT, BDL – 0.644 p,p’-DDE, BDL – 0.176 p,p’-DDD, and BDL – 2.220 methoxychlor. Sediment pesticide residues were higher during rainy period. Results indicate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) exist in our environment, and recent use in sampled area. Increased aquatic monitoring is recommended to detect persistency and changes in target environment.

3 illus, 3 tables, 39 ref

000058   DONALD A E, BLESSING U A (Zoology and Environmental Biology Dep, Michael Okpara Univ of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria) : Index approach to water quality assessment of a south eastern Nigerian river. Int J Fish Aquat Stud 2019, 7(1), 153-9.

Water quality of natural water bodies is on a rapid decline due to activities and discharges arising from population growth, urbanisation and industrialisation. The water quality of a south eastern Nigerian river was studied between January and June 2018 in 3 stations in relation to anthropogenic impacts and suitability to support aquatic biodiversity using water quality indices. Thirteen parameters were evaluated using standard methods and compared with national standard. Some parameters did not meet the standards; pH and dissolved oxygen in all the stations and biochemical oxygen demand in Station 1. The indices in the three stations effectively captured the effect of the anthropogenic activities in the river and showed that the water quality was suitable to sustain biodiversity. It can be concluded that human activities including effluent discharge did not give negative impact on the water quality. However, the activities need to monitored and regulated.

1 illus, 4 tables, 55 ref

000054   ADAM C, ARISTIDE K Y, EBRIMA N, TIDIANI K (Félix Houphouët Boigny Univ, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire) : Diversity and spatial variation of benthic macroinvertebrates in the River Gambia Estuary, West Africa. Int J Fish Aquat Stud 2019, 7(1), 83-8.

This paper aims to reveal the organization of and environmental variables affecting the spatial distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in the River Gambia estuary. Macroinvertebrates were recorded at 3 stations across the River Gambia estuary corresponding to upstream, midstream and downstream stations i.e. Tendaba, Abuko and Wencho respectively. Macroinvertebrates were sampled during the dry season using a Van Veen grab. A total of 17 taxa distributed among 15 families and 9 orders belonging to annelids (Oligochaeta and Polychaeta), mollusks, crustaceans and insects were collected. Crustaceans represented 81 % of the taxonomic richness qualitatively. Taxonomic group abundances show that Oligochaeta and Polycheata (Annelids) dominate the faunal abundance and constitute 60 % and 20 % of the total macroinvertebrates respectively. Benthic macroinvertebrate community composition was different between upstream, midstream and downstream stations. Salinity gradient is the most influential environmental variable in structuring benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the River Gambia estuary.

5 illus, 1 table, 42 ref

000055   Adedeji H A, Idowu T A, Usman M A, Sogbesan O A (Fisheries Dep, Modibbo Adama Univ of Technology, Yola, Nigeria) : Seasonal variations in the physico-chemical parameters of Lake Ribadu, Adamawa state Nigeria. Int J Fish Aquat Stud 2019, 7(1), 79-82.

The assessment of seasonal variation of the physico-chemical quality of Lake Ribadu, Adamawa State Northeastern Nigeria was investigated. The water samples were collected bi-monthly from June, 2015 to May, 2016 for the physico-chemical parameters. The water temperature, pH, conductivity and total dissolved solids, transparency were measured in-situ with the use of Mercury in glass thermometer, water testing kits and secchi disk respectively. The dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand were measured ex-situ in the laboratory using Winkler’s method. The results showed variation in the water parameters within the months. The mean water temperature varied from 22 ºC in January to 28 ºC in April while the mean pH varied between 6.89 in July to 8.08 in January. The mean dissolved oxygen varied between 4.23 mg/l in May to 6.89 mg/l in January while the biochemical oxygen demand varied between 2.17 mg/l in May and 3.91 mg/l in February. The lowest mean Conductivity was observed in August (391 µmhos/cm) and the highest in April (480 µmhos/cm) while the total dissolved solid was lower in August with the mean value of 343.7 mg/l and highest in January (364.2 mg/l). The correlation coefficient (r) showed high positive correlation between the water temperature and transparency (0.8732) and while water temperature and dissolved oxygen were negatively correlated (-0.8143). The results of all the physico-chemical parameters measured in Lake Ribadu are within the recommended limits of national and international standards; hence, support aquatic livings.

7 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

000064   MURTAZA G, SHAN A (Environmental Sciences Dep, Lahore Univ, Lahore, Pakistan) : An inclusive assessment on correlation among agriculture and climate change. Int J Chem Sci 2019, 3(1), 50-7.

This paper reviews various articles and documents on relationship between climate change and agriculture. The two-way relationship of climate change and agriculture is of great significance in particular to developing countries due to their large dependence on agricultural practice for livelihoods and their lack of infrastructure for adaptation when compared to developed countries. Agricultural activities are affected by climate change affects due to their direct dependence on climatic factors. In high latitude areas with low temperature, increased temperature due to climate change could allow for longer growing season. Agriculture affects climate through emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. These emissions come directly from use of fossil fuels, tillage practices, fertilized agricultural soils and livestock manure in large proportion. Conversely, agriculture could be a solution for climate change by the widespread adoption of mitigation and adaptation actions. This happens with the help of best management practices such as organic farming, agro forestry practice and manure management etc.

1 table, 72 ref

000057   DESWATI, SUYANI H, MUCHTAR A K, ABE E F, YUSUF Y, PARDI H (Chemistry Dep, Andalas Univ, Padang, 25163 Indonesia, Email: deswati@sci.unand.ac.id) : Copper, iron and zinc contents in water, pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the presence of aquaponics. Rasayan J Chem 2019, 12(1), 40 - 9.

This research analyzes the effects of the use of aquaponics on the metal contents (Cu, Fe and Zn) in water, pakcoy, and tilapia. Fish and plant sampling techniques were conducted randomly while the water sampling was taken at three points: the fish pond, the tank after biofiltering, and the hydroponic tank. Sampling was done 4 times, for 0, 10, 20 and 30 days. The method of wet destruction with aquaregia was used for the preparation of the fish and plant samples. Furthermore, the content of Cu, Fe and Zn metals in water, pakcoy and tilapia was detected using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The results showed that the concentrations of Cu, Fe and Zn metals were higher on the 10^th day than on the 0 days. But after the 20^th day and the 30^th day, the concentrations of Cu, Fe and Zn in the pond water were reduced. The concentrations of Cu, Fe and Zn metals in the fish pond were 0.008 mg/L, 0.44 mg/L and 0.309 mg/L respectively on the 30^th day. According to the Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001, the standard of water quality for fish and plant cultivation for Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations are 0.02 mg/L, 0.3 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L respectively. It was therefore resolved that the Cu metal concentrations obtained has satisfied the standard of water quality, while the concentrations of Fe and Zn metals did not attain the alleged standard of water quality. The highest level of Cu metal in the tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) was 22.94 mg/kg and this was ascertained on the 20th day. The highest level of Zn concentration on day 0 was 157.10 mg/kg. Similarly, the highest level of Fe content on the 30^th day was 826.91 mg/kg. On the other hand, the highest level of Cu content in the pakcoy plant was 27.82 mg/kg, the highest level of Zn content was 210.81 mg/kg and the highest level of Fe content was 2583.61 mg/kg and this was detected in the analyzed samples on the 30^th day. The study shows that the content of the Cu and Zn levels in the tilapia and pakcoy plants have exceeded the national standard limit according to Decree of the Director General of Drugs and Food Control POM/03725/B/SKVII/89.

9 illus, 22 ref

026255   KAKKAR S, MALIK A, GUPTA S (Avantha Centre for Industrial Research and Development, Yamuna Nagar (Haryana), Email: shaveta27@gmail.com) : Treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent using low cost adsorbents: An overview. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 695 - 704.

In the present review, the suitability of adsorption process using low cost adsorbent for the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent has been discussed. It is clear that adsorption processes are appropriate for the removal of recalcitrant compounds such as surfactants and pesticides, among others biodegradable or non-biodegradable compound present in pulp and paper mills effluents. The importance of the adsorption is to improvement of the removal of various physico- chemical (biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, suspended solids, lignin), heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ni and Mn etc) organochlorine compounds, all recalcitrant pollutant, reduce toxicity, enhance colour removal by using different cost effective adsorbents. The effective use of the different adsorbents developed from different adsorbent media such as activated carbon, agriculture by product and industrial wastes and sludge as adsorbents for the removal of different pollutants from the various processes and operations of pulp and paper mill as potential alternatives to different treatment process and received widespread attention. Adsorption necessity is a novel treatment option to improve the efficiency of removal within the discharge limits of wastewaters into the receiving bodies without causing any damage of the environment. However, still there is a need to find out the practical usefulness of such low cost adsorbent at industrial scale with the special reference to metals.

3 illus, 5 tables, 92 ref

026254   KUNDAN P, SLATHIA D (Environmental Sciences Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006, Email: dsenviron2012@gmail.com) : Investigation of water quality changes in drinking water supplied from Sitlee water treatment plant on River Tawi to old Jammu city, Jammu, J&K, India. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 601 - 7.

In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the water quality changes in River Tawi water treated at Sitlee water treatment plant, and supplied for drinking to Old Jammu City, Jammu, J&K, India. Water samples from the treated water unit of Sitlee water treatment plant and around ten houses from the distribution point (Old Jammu City) were analyzed monthly for various physicochemical parameters for a period of one year (February 2014 to January 2015). The study indicated deterioration of drinking water quality during its passage through the distribution network which has been attributed to the leakages and defects in the old pipe system supplying water to the Jammu city. Comparison of analyzed water quality parameters with the drinking water standards prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) indicated that parameters like DO (7.49-8.24 mg/l), calcium (49.93-67.08 mg/l), magnesium (16.14-25.21 mg/l) and potassium (6.99-7.93 mg/l) were almost nearing the desirable limits but were within the permissible limits and parameters like turbidity (3.5-8.17 NTU) and total hardness (78.87-120.50 mg/l) were above the desirable limits in the water samples collected from the distribution point. The collected primary data for the thirteen water quality parameters has been used to calculate the Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WQI) which has shown monsoon increase with higher values at distribution point (65.65). One time microbial analysis (MPN/100 ml) for total and faecal coliform has indicated presence of faecal coliform (<1/100 ml) in water samples from eight households at distribution point which indicates contamination of water with human faecal matter during its passage through the distribution network. According to microbial standards laid down by Central Pollution Control Board (2008), water contaminated with faecal coliform is unfit for drinking without conventional treatment.

4 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref

026257   DUHAN A, KADIAN M, SAROJ (Agronomy Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: malvikadian@gmail.com) : Behaviour of fipronil in paddy field ecosystem. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(5), 947-52.

Under normal environmental conditions, fipronil insecticide degrades into a number of metabolites like fipronil sulfone, sulfide, desulfinyl,etc. They can persist in environment for longer duration and can have adverse effect on soil, water bodies along-with persistence of residuals in edibles and other plant by-products like straw. In order to evaluate the impact of using fipronil in paddy field ecosystem and to provide basic information for its degradation behavior, a field experiment was done by applying the insecticide @ 56 and 112 g a.i./ha following standard agronomic conditions. Soil and water samples were collected periodically. Paddy grain, husk and straw samples were collected at harvest. Fipronil residues were analyzed by GC-MS tandem mass spectrometry. In soil, more than 48 % residues degraded in 7 days and reached below detectable limit after 49 days with half-life period of 9.29 and 10.13 days at two doses showing degradation rateto be biphasic with first order kinetics. In field water, residues reached below detectable limit on 49th day at single dose with half-life period of 14.71 days where as at double dose application, 91.52 % fipronil was found dissipated on 49th day after application with half life period of 14.31 days. In rice grains, husk and straw, fipronil residues were found below MRL at single dose.

5 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

026256   ZAGHLOUL F A, AIATT A A E, HUSSIEN N R, ABDEL-AZIZ N E (National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt, Email: dr.zaghloul89@yahoo.com) : Recent variability in the plankton structure of a natural hypersaline Lagoon; Bardawil Lagoon in northern Sinai, Egypt. Asian J Adv Basic Sci 2018, 6(1), 58-68.

Bardawil Lagoon is a shallow hypersaline lake, with salinity ranging between 38.0 and 56.0. It is a source of good quality fish and wildlife. The phytoplankton and zooplankton were evaluated seasonally at 12 stations during 2015. The water temperature was 22.14 ± 4. 98 °C and water salinity was 47.93 ± 5.01. The dissolved oxygen was 5. 14 ± 0.83 mg l-1. The recognized phytoplankton species were 181 taxa from 83 genera and seven classes were recorded. This comprised; 101 Bacillariophyceae, which formed 84.48 % of the total phytoplankton standing crop, 13 Chlorophyceae (6.14 %) and 46 Dinophyceae (5.75 %). The Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index (0.48–3.35) classified Bardawil Lagoon as a not stressed environment. Zooplankton population was represented by 59 genera and 77 species from 16 groups, mainly dominated with Copepada (62.71 % of the total community), followed by Mollusca (24.44 %) and Protozoa (6.9 %). The diversity index ranged from 0.97 to 2.27. The present study, as wellas previous research, revealed strong ties between changing structures in plankton communities and salinity. Nosign of eutrophication was observed. Results showed an inverse relation between two of the identified communities.The study showed that Bardawil water is still oligotrophic, free of contaminants, so we recommend to dig two or three canals, to facilitate the exchange of water between the Mediterranean Sea and the Lagoon, and to prevent the increase in water salinity of the Lagoon.

5 illus, 42 ref

027494   THIEN L N, THANH N C (Research Institute for Marine Fisheries, Hai Phong City, Vietnam, Email: lnthien@rimf.org.vn) : Distribution of cadmium in seawater, sediment and soft tissue of bivalve in Van Don coastal in Quang Ninh, Vietnam. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(7), 1487-90.

Level of cadmium were determined in coastal water, sediments and soft tissues molluscs hakf-crenate ark (Anadara subcrenata), noble scallop (Mimachlamys nobilis) and undulating venus (Paphia undulata), from two stations in bivalves harvesting areas in Van Don, Quang Ninh province. In this study, cadmium concentration in seawater ranged between 0.22 to 1μg.L^-1 while that concentration in sediment were from 0.59 to 1.55 mg kg^-1. Accumulate cadmium in hakf-crenate ark (Anadara subcrenata), noble scallop (Mimachlamys nobilis) and undulating venus (Paphia undulata) were from 0.81 to 1.48 mg kg-1; from 0.35 to 2.23 mg kg^-1; from 0.25 to 0.81 mg kg^-1, respectively. The result also show that the cadmium in seawater in rain season were higher dry season while reversibility trend in sediment. The cadmium fraction in sediment in this area were contributed according to follow: residual component (F5) > Mn, Fe oxyhydroxide (F3) > organic matter-bound (F4) > acid soluble (F2) > ion-changeable (F1). Cadmium levels in tissue were in the order of stomach > mantle > gill > foot. Beside, cadmium component in adductor muscle of noble scallop were least. The results of study could serve as a baseline for future assessments of anthropogenic effect in this coastal and food safety problems.

2 illus, 5 tables, 12 ref

027492   ROSTIKA N A, RAKHMAWATY E D, IWAN H, MUHAMMAD D, GUSTAMAN S D (Chemistry Dep, Padjadjaran Univ, Indonesia, Email: atiek.noviyanti@unpad.ac.id) : Sn (IV) doped lanthanum silicate apatite structure (La_9.33Si_6-xSn_xO₂₆; x: 0.1; 0.3; 0.5) as an electrolyte. Res J Chem Environ 2018, 22(2), 337-41.

Conductivities of Sn (IV) doped lanthanum silicates apatite as an electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (ITSOFCs) have been examined. Dense ceramic pellet of La_9.33Si_6-xSn_xO₂₆ (x: 0.1; 0.3; 0.5) have been prepared by sintering at 1773 K for 3 hours. The sample La_9.33Si_5.7Sn_0.3O₂₆ shows higher conductivities than comparable La_9.33Si_5.9Sn_0.1O₂₆ and La_9.33Si_5.5Sn_0.5O₂₆ samples indicating the importance of dopant concentration. Low activation energy of all samples (E_a < 1.1 eV) indicate that the Sn (IV) doped electrolytes are good conductors that can be used for ITSOFCs.

4 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

027486   HARTATI Y W, BELADONA S U M, WYANTUTI S, GAFFAR S (Chemistry Dep, Padjadjaran Univ, Indonesia, Email: yeni.w.hartati@unpad.ac.id) : A voltammetric immunosensor for detection of HER2 using gold modified-screen printed carbon electrode. Res J Chem Environ 2018, 22(2), 294-301.

HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) is referred as a prognostic marker key, so the determination of HER2 concentration is key to the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. This research aims to develop a label-free voltammetric immunosensor detection of HER2. The SPCE (screen printed carbon electrode) is modified with chloroauric acid electrodeposition at potential from -1.5 to 0.6 V for 10 cycles. Anti-HER2 was immobilized on the goldmodified SPCE based on amine group covalent bonds with gold surfaces, and the attachment of HER2 is characterized by a decrease in peak current of potassium ferricyanide. The results of this study show that peak response of reduction-oxidation current of potassium ferricyanide on cyclic voltammogram on SPCE without and with gold modification with increase of 39.9 percent and after anti-HER2 immobilization showed a decrease of 28.5 percent and sensitivity 0.2906 for a concentration range of 0 to 10 ng/mL, limit of detection 2.9 ng/mL, limit of quantification 8.4 ng/mL, 89.7 percent of precision and 99.1 percent of accuracy. This electrochemical immunosensor can be applied to detect HER2 for early diagnosis of breast cancer.

6 illus, 17 ref

027490   PUJIYANTO A, ENNY L, DEDE K, MUJINAH, NUR S U, HARDI G A, ABDUL M (National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia, Email: antoapu@gmail.com) : pH effect of gold nanoparticles synthesis encapsulation in polyamide amine generation 3.0 (AuNP-PAMAM G3.0). Res J Chem Environ 2018, 22(2), 214-9.

The unique properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) allow them to be used as drug and gene delivery agent, so they are effective in diagnosis and therapy. At the moment, one of AuNP development is AuNP encapsulated polyamide amine third generation (AuNP-PAMAM G 3.0). The synthesis of AuNPPAMAM G 3.0 can be done by reacting HAuCl4 with PAMAM G3.0, then adding NaBH₄ as a reducing agent. This makes AuNP-PAMAM G 3.0 to be strongly influenced by the pH reaction. The results of this study show that AuNP has sizes ranging from 11 to 19 nm at pH 2 while their sizes are 2 to 5 nm at pH 7 and 9. The separation using Sephadex PD-10 column shows that the elution efficiencies are 10% at pH 2, 40% at pH 7 and 50% at pH 9. Gold nanoparticles at pH 7 and 9 are more stable than pH 2 in saline. Based on the above results, it is shown that AuNP could be encapsulated by PAMAM G3.0 at pH 7 and 9 but AuNP at pH 2 could not.

8 illus, 12 ref

027484   CHARLENA, HERAWATI S I, TUTI P (Chemistry Dep, FMIPA IPB, Indonesia, Email: charlena.ipb@gmail.com) : Coating of nanotube Ti-6Al-4V alloy with hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite by electrophoretic deposition method. Res J Chem Environ 2018, 22(2), 209-13.

Bone implant material composed of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is typically used due to its biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. However, this alloy is not bioactive which makes it easy to release cation Al and V when implanted into the human body. Therefore, this study aims to form a nanotube structure on the surface of Ti- 6Al-4V alloy and coat hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan composite onto the nanotube Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Nanotube synthesis was carried out by the anodization method on NH4F 5 % solution at 20 V, for 1 hour. The result of scanning electron microscope characterization demonstrates that the nanotube was formed heterogeneously and was not uniform with a hole diameter with a size of 2–3 μm. The HA-chitosan composite coating of the nanotube was performed by the electrophoretic deposition method at 100 V for 1 hour. Coating was spread evenly on the entire alloy surface. There was no significant difference between HA-chitosan composite coating on the nanotube area and the non-nanotube area. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that HApchitosan composite successfully coated the nanotube Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

5 illus, 20 ref

027493   SETYO P A, DWI R H, SRI F, SULISTYO P H, ICHIRO K (Chemistry Dep, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Indonesia, Email: adi_setyo@chem.its.ac.id, adi.spurnomo@yahoo.com) : Effects of bacterium Ralstonia pickettii addition on DDT biodegradation by Daedalea dickinsii. Res J Chem Environ 2018, 22(2), 151-6.

DDT (4,4-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is one of the persistent organic pollutants that was extensively used in the 1940s as insecticide to control malaria. Even though DDT was banned since 1970, DDT and its metabolites are still present ubiquitously in the environment and have negative effects on human health. In this study, the ability of brown-rot fungus (BRF) Daedalea dickinsii to degrade DDT with the addition of Ralstonia pickettii was investigated. R. pickettii was added into 10 mL of D. dickinsii culture at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 ml (1 mL ≈ 1.44 x 10¹³ bacteria cells). DDT recovery was analyzed by HPLC. The addition of 10 mL R. pickettii to D. dickinsii culture yielded the highest DDT degradation of about 68.62%. This result was higher than DDT degradation by D. dickinsii only (about 53.61 %) and by 10 mL R. pickettii only 19.84 %. This result indicated that the addition of 10 mL R. pickettii can enhance DDT degradation by D. dickinsii.

1 illus, 1 table, 45 ref

028718   SUPRIYA P, KRISHNAVENI M (Anna Univ, Chennai, Email: supriya@annauniv.edu) : Flooding under changing climate in Vellar river basin using global circulation models. MAUSAM 2018, 69(4), 509-22.

Flooding is one of the major natural disasters from a storm event that is prevalent in many countries and greatly affects river morphology, modifying the flora and fauna of a given river environment. As a consequence of climate change, the probability of frequent floods and drought is acute in the near future, posing serious challenges to the water management sector. This paper analyses the impact of climate change on the likelihood of floods using MIKE HYDRO river 2016 model. The model is calibrated and validated using the past flood events occurred in the years 2005, 2008, 2010 and 2011. The downscaling of weather parameters of Canadian Global Circulation Model (GCM) to the station scale is performed by Statistical Down-Scaling Model (SDSM). In the hydrological model, daily rainfall, evapotranspiration (ET₀) and the atmospheric variables statistically downscaled from climate change scenarios - Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 are provided as input and modifications in flood discharge are presented. It is found that there will be an increase in peak rainfall and peak discharge under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios for the future years 2050 and 2080. The changes in meteorological parameters would have a significant effect on the flow of floods since minor changes in weather pattern will greatly affect the hydrological cycle.

14 illus, 8 tables, 16 ref

028716   SARMA D, BARUAH K K, BARUAH R, GOGOI N, BORA A, CHAKRABORTY S, KARIPOT A (Environmental Sciences Dep, Tezpur Central Univ, Tezpur - 784 028, Email: kkbaruah14@gmail.com) : Carbon dioxide, water vapour and energy fluxes over a semi-evergreen forest in Assam, Northeast India. J Earth Syst Sci 2018, 127(7), 94.

The eddy covariance method is a powerful technique for quantification of CO₂, H₂O and energy fluxes in natural ecosystems. Leaf area index (LAI) and its changes are significant drivers of CO₂ and H₂O exchange in a forest ecosystem due to their role in photosynthesis. The present study reports the seasonal variation of CO₂ and energy fluxes and their relationship with other meteorological parameters of a semievergreen primary forest of Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India during February 2016–January 2017. The diurnal pattern of half hourly average CO₂ fluxes over the forest was found to be mostly dominated by the incident photosynthetically active radiation. During the period of study, diurnal variations of CO₂ flux showed a maximum value of −9.97 µmol m⁻²s⁻¹ in the month of June during summer which is also the beginning of the monsoon season. The monthly averaged diurnal CO2 flux and variation in LAI of the forest canopy closely followed each other. The annual net ecosystem exchange of the forest estimated from the CO2 flux data above the canopy is 84.21 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹. Further studies are in progress to confirm these findings. The estimated average annual evapotranspiration of the semi-evergreen forest is 2.8 ± 0.19 mm day⁻¹. The study of partitioning of energy fluxes showed the dominance of latent heat fluxes over sensible heat fluxes. The energy balance closure was found to increase with an increase in instability and the highest closure of around 83 % was noted under neutral conditions.

9 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref

029936   DUDHE M Y, RAJGURU A B, BHOITE K D, KADAM S M, RANGANATHA A R G, SUJATHA M, REDDY A V (ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research (IIOR), Hyderabad-500 030, Email: mangesh.dudhe@icar.gov.in) : Characterization, evaluation and multivariate analysis of sunflower germplasm under semi-arid environments of three locations in two sunflower growing states in India. J Environ Biol 2018, 39(6), 990-6.

The present study aimed at identifying high yielding genotypes through principal component analysis and cluster analysis by utilizing multilocation data generated by growing 32 germplasm accessions under semi-arid environments of Telangana and Maharashtra states. The evaluation trial was conducted in two Indian states Telangana (Hyderabad) and Maharashtra (Solapur and Savalvihir). R software 3.1.3 package was used to determine the major descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and correlations among the yield contributing traits. Wide range of genetic variation for seed yield and its components were recorded in the accessions studied. Principal component analysis disclosed that the first four components with eigen values greater than 0.4 3 contributed about 93.3 % of total variability in the studied germplasm involving all the seven characters. The genotypes analysed were grouped into eleven clusters, out of which cluster IX was the largest having six genotypes indicating genetic similarity among them. Character association indicated that among the seven agromorphological traits, five traits viz., days to flowering, days to maturity, head diameter, 100-seed weight and volume weight had significant and positive correlation with seed yield. Based on PCAand cluster analysis, eight accessions GMU189, GMU799, GP₂1217, GP₆271, GMU440, GP₆211, GP₆286 and DRSF113 were identified as high yielding which can be widely utilised for the development of 6 new diverse varieties/ hybrids for enhanced seed yield under semi-arid conditions.

2 illus, 7 tables, 28 ref

029937   STEPHEN P V, EKANEM E O, SHIBDAWA A M, STEPHEN A (Chemistry Dep, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Univ, Bauchi, Nigeria) : Assessment of pollutants Cu, Cd and Pb in heavy vehicular areas of Bauchi metropolis, north eastern: Nigeria by complexometric titration. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(6), 265-7.

Analysis of heavy metals content of air in heavy vehicular areas of Bauchi metropolis namely Awalah, Muda Lawal, Gidan Mai, Wunti, ATBU, and Central Market were carried out for some heavy metals (Cu, Cd and Pb) using complexometric titration with EDTA. Results of the analysis showed that the six sites have the following range of mean concentration: Cu 0.12-1.81 mg/l, Cd 0.04-1.12 mg/l and Pb 0.01- 1.47 mg/l. The heavy vehicular areas are significantly different from those obtained from the control site. The contamination intensity of lead were Strong very strong at Awalah, Muda Lawal, Gidan Mai, Wunti and Central Market; Cadmium and Copper were moderate strong at Muda Lawal and Central Market using geoaccumulation classification. These suggested that heavy vehicular areas contributes to heavy metals contamination of the environment.

4 tables, 7 ref

028711   JABBAR S M (Horticulture and Landscaping Dep, Kufa Univ, Iraq) : Effect of oil pollution on growing and diversity of aquatic plants. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2649-55.

There are many studies on the effects of oil pollution on humans, soil, and vegetation, but little is known about its impact on aquatic plants and their diversity in the aquatic environment. This study focused on determining the impact of oil pollution on a local plant regarding availability and the investigation of the levels of pollution in two plants cattle (Typha domingensis Pers.) and reeds (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex Steudel) in four different locations in the Baher Al-Najaf Depression in Al-Najaf Al Ashraf, Iraq for a year from February 2016 to January 2017. The results showed that local plant was severely affected in the affected sites and the leaves of the studied plants contained a high proportion of the heavy metals. The frequency of plant distribution varied between 7 % and 77 % while in affected sites it ranged between less than 5 % and 26 %. A total of 30 species were distributed to 18 plant families in all studied sites of Baher Al-Najaf Depression. Control sites recorded 23 species distributed over 14 families of plants while the affected sites were enumerated in only 19 species in 12 families of plants. Values of heavy metals were relatively higher in studied plants leaves at contaminated sites than those in the control site. High values for heavy metals were associated with plant species and ages, sediment types, and time but more importantly results from a basicity nature of the sediment from oil pollution. The results showed that oil pollution poses a potential risk to biodiversity, food chain, food security, and public health.

1 illus, 4 tables, 41 ref

028704   EL-AMIER Y A, ALGHANEM S M (Botany Dep, Mansoura Univ, Egypt, Email: yasran@mans.edu.eg) : Tree leaves as bioindicator of heavy metal pollution from soil and ambient air in urban environmental. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2559-66.

An air pollutant is a substance in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. The aim of this study was to compare thirteen different tree species in capability to accumulate four airborne and soil borne heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn) from Mansoura city, Egypt. Samples were conducted in the summer and winter seasons. To compare bioaccumulation ability, bioconcentration factor (BCF), comprehensive bio-concentration index (CBCI), and metal accumulation index (MAI) were applied. The results indicated that the trend for HMs uptake in the leaf is in this order of Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd and Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd in summer and winter, respectively. The maximum BCF values were observed in Eucalyptus rostrate for Zn (0.62) and Pb (0.95), Nicotina glauca for Cu (0.77) and Tamarix nilotica for Cd (1.31). The maximum CBCI in leaves samples were found in Melia azedarach, Morus alba and Ficus benghalensis. Finally, according to, the cultivation of appropriate plants in urban areas can help to remediate soil and air pollution resulting from HMs.

4 illus, 1 table, 53 ref

028702   ALI S H, AJMI R N (Biology Science Dep, Mustansaryah Univ, POX 46079, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: reyam80a@yahoo.com) : Modeling the dynamics of mercury biomagnification Pond Martyr Monument, Baghdad, Iraq. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2533-42.

Mercury is a heavy metal that occur naturally in the Earth’s crust, and are incorporated into biological system as structural compounds or protein, biomagnification refers to the accumulation of pollutants such as toxic metals through a food chain In this study, dynamic model is constructed to study the biomagnification of mercury in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. The data is taken from Martyr Monument in Baghdad. The plants show the ability to accumulate mercury and the concentration of mercury in fish Liza abu was higher than Silurus triostegu due to several factor such as different physical characters, structure, quality of nutrition, size of fishes and the nature of compositional for each one, this refers that the Fish have an accumulative response to mercury metals present and deposited from sources of emissions. The Mollusk important indicator for the water balance andability to adsorption elements and accumulation because There is no significant difference between concentration of Hg in water and mollusk (Uniotigrids). The important object of this study was examine biomagnification and determination the ecological risk factor to predict changes in Hg concentration in environmental compartments, results predicted the probability of increasing pollutants in some of samples less than ten years depending Exposure factors. The primary risk of mercury exposure in terrestrial, vertebrates including humans, agricultural products, industrial and military activities have led to widespread contamination of the environment.

1 illus, 8 tables, 61 ref

028706   EVSEEV V, SHAROV A, VEDERNIKOVA I, BIKMUHAMETOVA R (Kurgan State Univ, Russia) : Microbiological monitoring of waste coal-sorbent. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2509-15.

Objects of research were modified coal sorbents, the main ecological and trophic groups of soil microorganisms: ammonifiers, oligotrophs, oligonitrophils, amylolytic bacteria and actinomycetes, soil micromycetes, sandy soil. The purpose of the study is the organization and conduct of microbiological monitoring in the field of disposal of spent coal sorbents. The main method of research - laboratory model microbiological experiments and observations. Microbiological monitoring of influence of coal sorbents with the developed sorption capacity on heavy metals on key ecological and trophic groups of soil micro-organisms and activity of transformation by microbial community of soil organic matter is carried out. Soil microbial community response has been identified and selected species and groups of soil microorganisms in the presence of sorbent particles in soil with a high concentration of heavy metals. Taking into account the number of soil samples with spent sorbents of key ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms revealed a fairly clear reaction of soil microflora to the presence of chromium and manganese oxides in the soil, which were expressed in a significant decrease in the level of mineralization processes in the soil in the presence of manganese and an increase in the value of oligonitrophilicity in the soil in contact with coal sorbents impregnated with chromium. The analysis showed that the effect of the coal sorbent with the developed sorption capacity for heavy metals on soil microorganisms is selective. This is manifested in the negative chemotaxis - hyphae actinomycetes and fungi, reaching the diffusion zone of heavy metal, stop growing in this direction.

9 tables, 27 ref

028709   HASSAN B A-A, IBRAHIM T M, AL-SALMAN I M, ISMAEL A M (Ibn- Alhaitham Univ, Iraq, Email: buthena378@yahoo.com) : Impact of water mixing areas in qualitative variations of phytoplankton algae and some physiochemical characteristics of water on a section of Tigris river, Iraq. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2477-84.

Water mixing area between agricultural drainage represented by the water of the Tharthar Arm project and Tigers River water was studied for one year beginning from March 2015 – February 2016, water samples were taken for the purpose of diagnosing of the planktonic non –diatoms algae and measuring some physiochemical characteristic monthly from two stations after the confluence to know the impact of this mixing on biodiversity of algae community and water characteristics that affect diversity. 27 species of non-diatoms algae which belong to different divisions were identified and the study also recorded a new species for Iraqi flora Lepocinclis salina Fritsch belonged to Division: Euglenophyta,. Results also showed that temperature of water and Air ranged (11.20- 30.80 and 7.60-36.25 °C), pH (6.85-7.79) total hardness and alkalinity (314- 640 and 72-150) mg/l, DO and BOD5 (2.30- 9.06 and 0.03- 4.53). Either the nutrients NO₃, PO₄ and SO₄ recorded the values (0.30-0.061, 1.02–1.005 and 187-702) mg/l respectively. The results also confirmed that the water of the study area was characterized by high values of conductivity, which ranged (1178-1455) ms/cm.

1 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

028701   ALABADI L A S, ALAWSY W S A, KHAEIM H M, AL-HADITHY A H (Horticulture and Garden Engineering Dep, Al-Qadisiyah Univ, Iraq) : Utilization of treated wastewater in irrigation and growth of Jatropha plant to protect the environment from pollution and combating desertification. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2429-34.

This study was conducted to determine the possibility of using couple treated wastewater sources of Baghdad Company for Soft Drinks and Al-Rustamiya sewage water system for irrigation and growth of Jatropha plants and their effect on some soil characteristics and the content of microelements in both soil and plants. Jatropha’s seeds were planted in the wooden canopy of the Environment and Water Research and Technology, Department in Baghdad. Five treatments of wastewater were used as a fellow: control treatment of fresh river water, the second and the third were irrigated with Baghdad Company, wastewater, the fourth and the fifth were irrigated with sewage water of the Rustamiya by 50 % and 100 % of total irrigation county, respectively. Wastewater irrigation to Jatropha seedlings continued for 180 days. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replicates was used. The results showed significant increase in both plant height and diameter growth of the jatropha plants with all levels of wastewater as compared to the control treatment. 50 % of wastewater treatments level presents significant increase in the measured growth indicators than the level of 100 % for both wastewater sources. Plants that irrigated with sewage water of the Rustamiya had more plant growth as compared to those irrigated with wastewater of Baghdad Company for Soft Drinks. There were significant increases in the values of the electrical conductivity (EC) of saturated soil paste extract due to the usage of wastewater compared to the control. The high level of used wastewater shows significant increases in the values of electrical conductivity compared with the low level of wastewater usage. Soil PH values were increased significantly at 100 % levels of Baghdad Company wastewater treatments, while its values remained close to equivalence point with the treatment of sewage water of the Rustamiya. The results also present significant increases in the content of all studied microelements in both soil and plant for all treatments as compared to the treatment of comparison. This increase continued with increasing the level of uses of wastewater. However, all these elements were within the normal allowed limits and did not reach the critical limits or toxicity that cause soil and plant pollution by these elements.

3 tables, 21 ref

028699   AL-HEDNY S, ALSHUJAIRY Q A T, AL-JANABI Q A A (Environmental Dep, Al-Qasim Green Univ, Iraq) : Using remote sensing derived indices to monitor vegetation cover changes of Babylon. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2425-8.

Vegetation is critical for ecosystem, energy balance, biochemical cycles of water, carbon, nitrogen and the monitoring of its changes are essential for maintaining environmental quality. This study aims to evaluate the potential of using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil-adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) to monitor vegetation cover change over Babylon governorate for the period of 2000-2016. The study focused also on minimizing the effects of soil background by using the standard adjustment factor L= 0.5 and improving vegetation canopy spectra. A Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) of spatial resolution 250 m was used to derive NDVI, SAVI and NDWI indices. The NDVI values were strongly responded to seasonality with highest NDVI values during winter and spring periods in compared with the lowest values during the 5-months summer period from May to September. The shape of NDVI and SAVI trend was quite parallel and SAVI values were more than NVDI values for the seventeen studies years. The results showed that NDWI was more sensitive to the vegetation cover variation in compared to NDVI and SAVI. According to NDVI, SAVI and NDWI values, 2004, 2006, 2013, 2014 and 2016 were high density of vegetation cover with highest values in 2014. While years of 2000, 2005, 2008, 2009 and 2012 were low vegetation cover with lowest values in 2000. Calculation of NDVI anomaly proofed as a useful for monitoring vegetation cover change over large area further to measure the range of vegetation biomass variations in reference to the standard deviation of the previous years.

3 illus, 24 ref

028700   AL-MAMOORI S O H, AL-ADILY B M H (Biology Dep, Babylon Univ, Iraq) : Some effects of treated waste water of Hilla textile factory on four species of cultivated plants. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2379-82.

The current study included the using of treated wastewater of Hilla textile factory in watering of Raphanus raphanistrum, Lepidium sativum, Vigna radiata and Cucumber sativus. Some chemical properties of this water were studied including pH, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved Solids, Salinity, Turbidity, total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphate, Chloride, Nitrate, Phosphate, Copper, Cadmium, Lead and Zinc. Some morphological variants of their plants including germination ration, plant height, number and area of leaves were studied. Work included study of some biochemical responses like Catalase, Glutathione, Superoxide dismutase, Proline and Chlorophyll content which were varied according to type of species.

3 tables, 30 ref

028707   GUDA M A, MUTLAG N H, ALASEDI K K (Ecology Dep, Kufa Univ, Iraq, Email: muthikabd1@gmail.com) : The potential use of Atriplex nummularia plant as contamination indicators of heavy metal in different soils. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2372-8.

This study was concerned with the assessment of soil environment quality and to test the suitability of Atriplex nummularia for bio-indicating of soils heavy metals. To achieve these goals were examined the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Co, Ag and Cr accumulation in the different organs of plants in the context of different soil in Al Najaf- Al Ashraf, Iraq in 2016. The heavy metals in Deserts soil were found to increase in the order of Cr < Ag < Cd < Co < Pd , while in agriculture soil were increased in Cr < Ag < Cd < Pd < Co. Deserts soil was the highest concentration of heavy metal except for Co. The soils contents of Cd were about five times and Co were about one and a half times above the worldwide range. On the other hand, Cr, Ag and pb concentrations were below the reference ranges of the United States and Chinese soils. The heavy metal bioaccumulation decreased according to the order of root > leaf for Pb and Cd ; and leaf > root for Co, Ag and Cr. The mean (transfer factor from root to stem) TF(Rt/SE) in desert soil for (Pb, Cd, Co and Cr) and the mean (transfer factor from above ground to below ground) TF (AG/BG) for Pb were more than one. Agricultural soil showed that the mean TF(Rt/SE) for (Cd and Cr) and the mean TF (AG/ BG) for Co were more than one. The higher transmission ratio of this metal in Atriplex nummularia shoots make it suitable for phytoextraction from soil. There was a significant linear correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in the root of Atriplex nummularia and that in the soil. This result suggests that Atriplex nummularia can be regarded as bio-indicator for heavy metals pollution of soils.

6 illus, 3 tables, 43 ref

028698   AL-GHAFILY A A K (Biology Dep, Baghdad Univ, Iraq, Email: ameen.abbood@gmail.com) : Seasonal study of some physical and chemical factors and algae in the Tigris river, Baghdad-Iraq. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2285-91.

Three sites in Tigris River were selected to collect water and algae samples seasonal during the period from (December 2013- October 2014) for the purpose of identifying seasonal changes to physical and chemical factors and the favourite seasons of algae presence. Air temperature ranged from 21 - 41 °C and water (15.3 - 25.8) °C. The Tigris river water was described as alkaline (7 - 8.3) and the total alkaline (96 - 181) mg CaCO₃/L. The electrical conductivity values (1226-2436) µsem/cm. The dissolved oxygen also appeared not to have dropped from 3.9 mg/L throughout the study period, total hardness, calcium and magnesium recorded values (292 - 452), (97 - 136), (43 - 81) mg CaCO₃/L, respectively, Sacchi disc readings (61 - 98) cm and the salinity values did not decrease from 0.61 %. Plant nutrient values (0.31 - 1.06) µgm/L for nitrate, (0.002 - 0.008) µgm/L for nitrite, (105 - 178) µgm/ L for silica and (0.17 - 1.41) µgm/L for phosphate. (49) species of algae were diagnosed in (29) genus; it was observed that their growth in spring and autumn was more than two other season, revealed through this study that the presence of chlorophyceae in the spring is more than other season. While the presence of the cyanophyceae algae were distinct in autumn, the Bacillariophyceae class were filled with the highest numbers of 28 species.

1 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

028719   TAHA Z R, AL-ABDULAMEER S H, AL-RUBAYEE S R (Biology Dep, Baghdad Univ, Iraq, Email: zahraa.rafi.t@gmail.com) : Phytoremediation of agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals within the city of Baghdad using the Medicago sativa inoculated with Glomus mosseae. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2239-44.

The study aim to rehabilitate agricultural soils adjacent to the Tigris River within the city of Baghdad, contaminated with heavy elements using Mycorrhiza fungus Glomus mosseae isolated from the same area and tested its efficiency in extracting cadmium, nickel and copper from the soil, use the Medicago sativa a host plant. After 60 days of agriculture, the results of the chemical analysis of the heavy metals of the plant after cultivation demonstrated the efficacy of isolated fungi. Of the study area to increase copper accumulation at a rate of 26.38 mg/kg in the shoot and 0.21 mg/kg in the root of the Medicago plant. The increase in nickel accumulation was at a rate of (50.52, 6.88) mg/kg in the shoot and root, respectively, compared with unvaccinated plants with fungal isolation, while the concentration of cadmium in non-pollination plants was higher compared to mycorrhizal plants. The results of soil analysis after cultivation have also demonstrated a clear reduction of copper and zinc in the soil of the mycorrhizal plants after cultivation compared to the soil of non-mycorrhizal plants. These results reflect the role of fungi G. masseae cohabiting with a Medicago sativa plant in the plant treatment of nickel-contaminated soils and copper.

2 tables, 29 ref

028708   HASAN A F, AL-MAYALY I K A, FARHAN T Y (Ministry of Science and Technology, Iraq, Email: ammalhasanj@yahoo.com) : Planktonic community of algae in Sawa lake, southern Iraq. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2213-23.

Approximately 228 taxa of planktonic algae were identify, which includes: Bacillariophyceae composed of 42.54 % Pennales and 2.19 % Centrales, represented by 97 genus Pennales and 5 genes Centrales, followed by Cyanophyceae composed of 32.46 %, represented by 74 genus. Chlorophyceae composed of 14.91 %, represented by 43 genus. Euglenophyceae, and Pyrrophyceae composed of 3.51 %, represented by 8 genus. Chrysophyceae was present during winter only, formed 0.87 %, represented by two genus. It was noticed that the numbers of algae fluctuated among studied stations and seasons, where winter was characterized by large number of algae 476 genus, the highest value 58 genus, 134 species was reported in station 5, the lower number 45 genus, 85 species reported in station 2. 474 genus, and higher number 54 genus, 125 species was recorded in station 4 during summer, the lower value 33 genus, 55 species was reported in station 5. In autumn, about 443 genes were identified. The highest value 62 genus, 116 species in station 2. But the lower value 31 genus, 56 species was noticed in station 1, whereas spring characterized by 343 genus, the highest value 47 genus, 94 species was mention in station 5, the lower value 29 genus, 43 species in station 1.

1 illus, 8 tables, 39 ref

028705   EL-AMIER Y A, EL-ALFY M A, NOFAL M M (Botany Dep, Mansoura Univ, Egypt, Email: yasran@mans.edu.eg) : Macrophytes potential for removal of heavy metals from aquatic ecosystem, Egypt : Using metal accumulation index (MAI). Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2131-44.

Analysis of the capacity of aquatic plants in north and south sectors of Idku Lake in two seasons for heavy metals removal was studied. The order of metals were; Fe > Pb > Co > Cr > Cd > Ni and Fe > Ni > Co > Pb > Cd > Cr in sediments and water, respectively. Ecological risk (Er) showed low potential risk for metals in all stations (< 40) and very high risk for Cd (> 320). The risk index (RI) showed very high ecological risk (> 600). Pollution load index (PLI) was low nearby El-Boughaz and very high in drainage water areas. Accumulation of metals in hydrophytes was; E. crassipes (Fe, Ni, Co, Cd, Pb, Cr); E. stagnina (Cd and Co); P. australis (Fe, Pb) and T. domingensis (Cr and Ni). Order of metal accumulation index (MAI) is P. australis > E. crassipes > T. domingensis > E. stagnina. The study revealed suitable plant species as phytoaccumulators.

3 illus, 7 tables, 74 ref