007982   Caparanga Alvin R;Rodriguez I;Aguilar Felicitos M (School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Mapua Institute of Technology, Manila, Philippines, Email: fmaguilar@mapua.edu.ph) : Effect of Na<. Res J Chem Envir 2007, 11(3), 82-6.

Few studies on biosorption have considered the effects of the components present in actual wastewater. Nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 and Na⁺ were used to represent the impurities that could limit the uptake of heavy metal by the biomass prepared from Sargassum ilicifolium. In this investigation, four sets of batch experiments were done with each set consisting of lead biosorption system in the presence of the following other impurities: lead (II) alone, lead (II) + NaCl, lead (II) + Triton X-100, and lead (II) + NaCl + Triton X-100. This study attempts to elucidate the effects of interfering and competing species with lead (II) in water effluents from industrial plants. Compared to the sorbent performance in single-metal systems [lead (II) alone], the effect of both Triton X-100 and Na⁺ resulted in a considerable reduction in lead (II) uptake by the adsorbent. The effect of the wetting agent extends to all concentrations that lowered the equilibrium loading by 2 mg lead (II)/ g sorbent on the average; on the other hand, the decrease caused by Na⁺ was significant only in solutions with low starting concentration of the desired adsorbate. In the presence of both, however, the amount adsorbed by the biomass was greater compared to when only one of the two hindering species was added in the artificially prepared wastewater. Nevertheless, the presence of impurities reduced the mass of heavy metal extracted.

7 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

007981   Bulbule S V;Gohil S N;Patil R V;Gaikwad B T (All India Corrdinated Research Project on Citrus, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413 722) : Influence of environmental factors on the incidence of twig blight in sweet orange. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(1), 187-9.

Progress of twig blight in sweet orange under field conditions was studied from 1999 to 2005 using multiple regression analysis. Minimum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity, number of rainy days and previous level of disease had positive correlation with twig blight incidence, while maximum temperature and wind speed were negatively correlated. Multiple regression equation was derived for predicting the twig blight incidence. The joint influence of biotic and abiotic factors accounted for 61 % variation in the disease incidence. Temperature, relative humidity and previous level of disease were found to be the important variables influencing the disease.

3 tables, 7 ref

007980   Banerjee D (Environment & Water Management Dep, B.B.College, Ushagram, Asansol 713 303, West Bengal, Email: profdibyendu@rediffmail.com) : Metal recovery from blast furnace sludge and flue dust using leaching technologies. Res J Chem Envir 2007, 11(3), 18-21.

The blast furnace sludge and flue dust of iron & steel industries have significant quantities of heavy metals that tend to hinder the process of recycling of the valuable minerals in these wastes and at the same time pose threat to the environment where they are disposed. The study was designed with the aim of verifying the metal recovery efficiencies of acid, water and biomass (microorganisms) from the solid wastes under laboratory conditions. Standard protocol was followed for the analysis of wastes, maintenance of biomass and experiments to produce minimal error. Chemical analysis revealed a high percent of iron in both type of waste. Treatment with acid and water resulted in recovery that was comparatively higher using l M H₂SO₄ for both sludge and dust. Water leaching proved inadequate for metal removal under these conditions. The bioleaching experiment proved that Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is more efficient in metal recovery than the fungal strains of Aspergilus niger & Penicillium sp. The fungal leaching efficiency was found to be very low and no appreciable metal values could be recovered. The residue analysis shows that the material after leaching could be disposed.

8 tables, 12 ref

007979   Ahmed S;Popov V;Trivedi R C (Civil Engineering Dep, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi) : Constructed wetlands: a sustainable wastewater treatment option for subtropical climate. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(3), 255-72.

Developing countries of Asia and Africa will be facing toughest challenge in meeting the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of United Nation. According to an estimate around 1.5 billion people will need access to proper sanitation by 2015 in Asia alone and about more than 60% of them would be from rural sector. The proper wastewater treatment facilities are very few in developing countries of tropical and subtropical region and that too exist in only big cities. The high initial cost, continuous requirements of electricity, regular maintenance of electrical and mechanical accessories are few of the reason for such low sanitation coverage in this region. An attempt is made in this paper to explore, a sustainable and affordable treatment technique for the subtropical climate. Authors have found constructed wetland treatment system as one of the best suited treatment technology for such climate.

15 illus, 5 tables, 35 ref

007041   Yadahalli K B (Plant Pathology Dep, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hanumanamatti, Karnataka) : Environmental factors influencing growth and development of Ceratocystis paradoxa - A causal organism of pineapple disease of sugarcane. Int J Pl Sci 2007, 2(2), 104-7.

Of the several explanations enumerated tor the low production or sugarcane, tne disease onsiaugnt is one of the chief constraints. Basic knowledge about the pathogen, its survival, spread and other related aspects are very important for better management of the disease. It is imminent to develop strategies involving different management practices including ecofriendly, environmentally safe ones. Hence a study to know the effect of Temperature, pH and relative humidity on C. paradoxa was takenup. In the study of fungus grew well and sporulated in abundance in the temperature range of 25 - 28°C. Sporulation intensity was highest at pH 7.0, in all the three media tested, i.e., SEA (27 x 10⁶ spores/mL), PDA (64 x 10⁶ spores/mL) and OMA (39 x 10⁶ spores/mL) respectively. Lowest sett rot incidence was recorded at 60 per cent RH at all the intervals i.e., 34.99, 32.96, 28.93 and 25.98 per cent on 15th, 25th, 35th and 45th day after planting, respectively.

4 ref

007040   Wani P P;Ingle K N;Sonawane A C;Thorat S R (School of Environmental and Earth Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425 001) : Case Study on reduction and recovery of tannery effluent containing trivalent chromium by chemical method. Bull Bio Sci 2006, 4(2), 145-9.

In tanning process Chromium (III) salts are the most widely used chemicals, but only 70 to 75% of total chromium salts reacts with hides. It means that, about 25 to 30% of the chromium amount remains in the solids and liquid wastes especially spent tanning solutions. Therefore, the removal and recovery of the chromium content of this wastewater is necessary Environmental protection and economic reasons. Using precipitation Process was carried out for Removal and Recovery of chromium. In the present Investigation, three precipitating agents i.e. Calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and Magnesium oxide were used. The impact of pH, stirring time, settling rate and sludge volume were studied in batch experiments. A result shows that the optimum pH is 8-9 and the good sludge with high settling rate and lower volume obtain by MgO precipitating agent. From our observations MgO is a good precipitating agent for removal and recovery of Cr (III) from tanning industrial wastewater.

4 illus, 11 ref

007039   Sundara Raman R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Maha Vidyalaya, (Deemed Univer, Enathur, Kanchipuram-631 561) : Solid wastes - disposal strategies. Bull chem Sci 2005, 3(1), 7-9.

Not many processes on earth are 100% efficient none of the manufacturing processes uses upto 100% of the raw materials or produces 100% of the primary product intended by products and wastes are integrate part of it not all, at least most of the manufacturing processes the amount of chemical contaminants eliminated via the solid wastes depends on the production rate, type of manufacturing process and the pollution control measures employed by an industry.

4 tables, 11 ref

007038   Sannadurgappa D;Dharwadkar S N;Ravindranath N H (Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012) : Fish stock and diet and management of streams in hill stations of western ghats in Karnataka. Bull Bio Sci 2006, 4(2), 169-76.

The Lower stretch of Sharavathi hill station streams of Shimoga district of Karnataka has conducted assessments of fish population's diets and zooplankton, in both summer and auªtumn season in 2003. The catches of major fishes are Gara lissorhynchus, Puntius filamentus, Puntius aurlius, Gonoproctopterus dubius, Parlusoma daniconius Dania aequipinnatus Salmastoma sardinella, Chanda nama and Clarius batrahcus. In summer Clarius batrahcus diets in 2003 were dominated by benthic macroinvertebrates, whereas Gara lissorhynchus consumed mostly zooplankton. Autumn diets for Gara lissorhynchus fish were composed preªdominantly of benthic macroinvertebrates, which consisted almost entirely of Amphipoda sp nymphs. Zooplankton have made up more than 50% of the summer diet of Clarius batrahcus. During the same period, benthic macro invertebrates have constituted an increasingly larger proportion of the autumn diet. Ostracoda sp made up the largest portion of the benthic comªmunity in streams (mean = 76%). Ostracoda sp abundance estimates were the highest ever recorded. Amphipoda were the next most abundant benthic taxon collected, making up 9% of benthic macroinvertebrates collected. Bosminidae was the most abundant zooplankton taxon detected during summer sampling, making up 33% of the total zooplankton population. Chydoridae, which was not detected in summer samples, was the most abundant zooplankton taxon detected in the autumn, making up 22%.

5 tables, 20 ref

007037   Raj Mohan B;Biswas S;Mohanty C R;Meikap B C (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati) : Control of air pollutans by a gas-liquid contacting towers. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(4), 1665-77.

An air pollution problem particularly particulate and hazardous gaseous pollutant causes tremendous environmental impacts. Control of such pollutants is very essential to meet the stringent limits. Out of dry and wet process due to various advantages over dry process wet processes have been widely used and need improvement to enhance the efficiency of the scrubbers. In the investigation an attempt have been made to characterize a gas-liquid contacting wet scrubber (spray-scrubber) for simultaneous removal of the dust and gaseous pollutants from industrial off gases. Results indicate that design and operating parameters significantly influences the scrubbing efficiency of gas-liquid contactor. It has been found that particulate matter (fly-ash) removal efficiency was in the range to 77 to 93% which is comparatively good than that of the existing scrubbers.

9 illus, 9 ref

007036   Pushpa Kumari;Sharma P;Srivastava S;Flora S J S;Srivastava M M (Chem Dep, Sci Fac Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra-282 005) : Moringa oleifera Lam. seed powder as biosorbent for arsenic removal from aqueous system. Bull chem Sci 2005, 3(1), 13-22.

The development of economic and efficient processes for the removal of toxic metals from water bodies has become a priority task for environmentalists in the present context. Biosorption processes are tangible alternatives to traditional methodologies, particularly if low metal concentration, large volume and cost are considered. The study explores the unexploited sorption properties of the plant Moringa oleifera for removal of Arsenic from water bodies. Sorption studies using standard practices were carried out in batch experiments as functions of biomass dosage, metal concentration, contact time, particle size and pH. Percentage sorption in each case has been computed on the basis of Arsenic estimation using Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Sorption studies (batch experiments) result into the standardization of optimum conditions for removal of As (III): 60.21 % and As (V): 85.60% as follows: biomass dosage (2.0gm), metal concentration (25μg/ml), contact time (60 min.) and volume of the test solution (200ml) at pH 7.5 and 2.5 respectively. The adsorption data fitted well in Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry highlights Protein/Amino acid-Arsenic interactions responsible for sorption phenomenon. The findings open up new avenues in the removal of toxic metals by shelled Moringa oleifera seeds (SMOS) from water bodies as low cost, domestic and environmentally friendly safe technology.

5 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

007035   Patil Y B (Post Graduate Environmental Management Dep, Chatrapati Shahu Institute of Business Education and Research (SIBER), University Road, Kolhapur-416 004) : Thiocyanate degradation by pure and mixed bacterial cultures. Bioinfolet 2008, 5(3), 308-9.

1 table, 5 ref

007034   Nazar Khan N (Applied Science Dep, Kumaon Engineering College, Dwarahat-263 653, Email: nnazar2000@rediffmail.com) : Pollutional stress of Kali Nadi and Hindon river water at different locations in Western Uttar Pradesh (India). Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(4), 1610-22.

The quality of water has always been a subject of vital importance as it is directly related to the human health and welfare. The major source of water pollution are considered as domestic wastes from urban and rural areas, industrial wastes which are discharged into natural water bodies like Rivers, lakes and ponds etc. Studies made on the pollutional stress of the two Indian rivers Hindon which originates from upstream of Saharanpur in D.P. and meets River Yamuna downstream Delhi at Manjhawali, Haryana and Kali Nadi which originates from the village Antuwara in Muzaffarnagar district and merges into the Ganga river at Kannauj in Farrukhabad District. In the above studies that there is a considerable variation in the concentration of heavy metals in the river waters; sediments, plants and aquatic organism studied. The water quality of the Hindon river at its initial leg of span deteriorated and thereafter it improves gradually up to Ghaziabad. At Ghaziabad, it is supposed to receive a large amount of industrial and city wastes. The improvement in the pollutional stress from Titawi to Ghaziabad is attributed to the merger of tributaries like Kali (west) and Karsuni in the Meerut District.

7 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

007033   Kulkarni M N;Karpate H S;Syed Aafreen E; Chavan A V;Narkhede S D;Thorat S R (School of Environmental and Earth Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425 001) : Impact of chromium on seed germination and seedling vigour of smoe legumes. Bull Bio Sci 2006, 4(2), 133-6.

The influence of Chromium on seed germination and seedling vigour on three legumes viz green gram (Vigna radiate CV OV_14-18), black gram (Vigna munga CV B_14-4-4), horse gram (Dolichous biflorous CV Chaitali). These seeds treated with distilled water are maintained as control. There was a gradual retardation of germination and seedling vigour parameters like root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight content with gradual increase of heavy metal concentration, No germination is observed in 500mg/lit concentration, The heavy metal Chromium was found to be very toxic to three types of legumes.

3 tables, 12 ref

007032   Ingle K N;Gaikwad S R;Puranik P R;Thorat S R (Environmental Sciences Dep, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425 001) : Isolation of metal tolerant bacteria capable to reduce hexavalent chromium from tannery effluent. Bull Bio Sci 2006, 4(2), 127-32.

HA comparative study was undertaken using different strains of bacteria to obtain the highest percent removal of Cr⁶⁺ from tannery waste. Bioremediation of chromate waste with one or more metal tolerant bacteria is a potential method of releasing chromium from tannery waste. Sampling from tanneries resulted in the isolation of five bacteria with the capability of releasing chromium from tannery waste. The isolates represent five species of three different genera of soil inhabiting bacteria. Two isolates, E S 29- Bacillus spp and ES 32- Arthrobactor crystallopoites were able to release (98.2%) and (98.6%) of the chromium respectively, which is the most difficult component of tannery waste to remove from effluents. Importance has been given to these study due to chromium is generally toxic to many nontarget organisms. These pollutants that get release from various industrial wastes also pollute the aquatic environment and it leads to many changes in organism physiology.

1 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

007031   Dharwadkar S N;Sannadurgappa D;Aladakatti R H (Environnmental Science Laboratory, Zool Dep, K.L.E. Society's S. Nijalingappa College, Bangalore-560 010, Email: sndharwadkar@rediffmail.com) : Effects of phenol on metabolism and biochemical composition of freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Bull Bio Sci 2006, 4(2), 183-90.

The toxic effect of phenol on Oreochromis mossambicus and the metabolic changes in the oxygen consumption and total carbohydrate, total protein and total lipids in the tissues of liver, gills, muscle, brain and intestine were studied for sublethal exposure. O. mossambicus was found to be tolerant to phenol. The oxygen consumption decreased significantly in both toxicants at' higher concentrations exposed to acute toxicity. However on sublethal exposure to phenol the total protein, total carbohydrate and total lipids in the tissues of liver, gills, muscle, brain and intestine of the fish decreased greatly. Longer the exposure time greater was the percentage reduction of organic matter of the fish exposed to sublethal concentration of phenol.

5 tables, 24 ref

007030   Das C;Maity P;Dasgupta S (Chemical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: sunando@che.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Simultaneous separation of mixture of metal ion and organic pollutants using cross flow micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(4), 1830-40.

Separation characteristics of two systems of ternary and quaternary mixtures, namely, (i) copper ion, beta naphthol and para nitro phenol; (ii) copper, beta naphthol, para nitro phenol and aniline were studied using micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was taken as the anionic surfactant. An organic polyamide membrane of molecular weight cut-off 5 kDa was used in cross flow MEUF experiments. The feed surfactant concentration was selected as 25 kg/m³. The effects of feed composition on the permeate flux and observed retention of each solute were studied in detail. For single solute systems, the observed retention was about 99% for copper, 97% for aniline, 94% and 92% for para nitro phenol and beta naphthol, respectively. Retention of copper was in the range of 89 to 99% for various compositions in their mixture.

6 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

007029   Bishnoi K;Sain U;Rajender Kumar;Singh R; Bishnoi N R (Environmental Science & Engineering Dep, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125 001) : Distribution and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated sites of Hisar (India). Indian J expl Biol 2009, 47(3), 210-17.

Fifty-two soil samples were collected from various location of the Hisar city. These samples were analysed for six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene). Total mean concentration of six PAHs varied from 51.79 to 148.82 mg kg^-1 dry weight of the soil, PAH concentration was higher in soil samples from local auto market while lower concentration was recorded in agricultural soil. Effect of pH (5.0 to 9.0), temperature (20° to 40°C), and concentration of PAHs (5 to 20 mg kg^-1) on biodegradation were optimized. Biodegradation of phenanthrene (3-ring) and pyrene (4-ring) was evaluated using two acclimatized microbial strains Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas paucimobilis. Biodegradation was maximum in sterilized artificial spiked soil with phenanthrene (5 mg kg^-1) and pyrene (5 mg kg^-1) at pH 7.0 and at 30°C (optimized conditions) than the native unsterilized contaminated soil (without optimized conditions) in 42 days of incubation period with Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas paucimobilis. Phenanthrene was completely disappeared after 28 days with P. putida and after 35 days with P. paucimobilis. Whereas, pyrene was disappeared up to 97.40% with P. putida and 95.5% with P. paucimobilis after 42 days incubation period at optimum conditions. Under unoptimized conditions, disappearance of phenanthrene was 65.89% with P. putida and 57.81% with P. paucimobilis after 42 days, whereas the % disappearance of pyrene was 59.80% with P. putida and 52.07% with P. paucimobilis.

007028   Behera S K;Rene E R;Murthy D V S (Civil and Environmental Engineering Dep, Universityof Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea, Email: shishir_kb@yahoo.com) : Effect of hydraulic retention time and initial nitrate concentration on the performance of an up-flow anoxic bioreactor: a factorial design study. Indian chem Engr 2008, 50(1), 27-33.

Up-flow anoxic bioreactors (UFAB) are biological treatment systems used extensive for nutrient removal through the process of denitrification. Laboratory scale studies were conducted in an UFAB for the treatment of synthetic nitrogen rich wastewater using topioca as the carbon source. The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT, 12-24 h) and initial nitrate concentration (50-150 mg/l) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrate removal was studied using statistically designed factorial experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the experimental results to identify the main and interaction effects of factors on the COD and nitrate removal efficiencies. The results showed that high HRT (24 h) and low initial nitrate concentrations (50 mg/l) favoured better denitrification.

4 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

007027   Albino Kumara P;Chakraborty S;Ray M (Chemical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721 302) : Potentials of waste biomaterials to remove, reduce and recover hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(4), 1678-90.

Commercial activated carbon (AC), activated charcoal (ACH) and waste biomaterials such as saw dust (SD), tea leaves (TL), fly ash (FA) and rice husk (RH) were employed to evaluate their reduction potential of toxic hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium alongside adsorption of total chromium. Experiments were conducted in batch mode with the variable parameters such as solution pH and initial concentration of Cr(VI). Within pH I and 2, 72-78%, 64-74%, 36-58%, 56-76%, 86-96% Cr(VI) were reduced to Cr(III) by AC, SD, TL, ACH and FA respectively but with only 8-12% by RH. Optimum pH for TL, SD and RH were observed at pH 2 whereas that of FA, AC and ACH at pH 3. Electrostatic attraction of protonated surface of adsorbent and anionic hexavalent chromium is the main mechanism of adsorption and Cr(VI) is the predominant species on the surface of adsorbents. Langmuir's maximum monolayer coverage for TL, SD, FA, RH, AC and ACH were 49.7, 46.0, 17.2, 4.9, 43.2 and 50.7 mg total chromium/g respectively. By ignition of chromium bounded waste biomaterial, 94% Cr(VI) were able to recover as Cr(III) along with reduction in weight by 95%.

2 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref

006073   Vishnoi S;Bishnoi N R (Environmental Science & Engineering Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science & Technology, Hisar-125 001) : Phytoextraction potential of three maize plant genotypes for Ni contaminated soils. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(2A), 946-51.

Pot experiment was conducted to investigate the Ni phytoextraction potential of three maize plant genotypes, namely, HKM-1183, HM-4 and J-1006, in a light soil from sand dune areas of Balsamand, Hisar. Five levels of Ni concentration ranging from 0-250 mg/kg soil were taken for the study. The toxicity symptoms, biomass production, Ni concentration and finally the Ni uptake were measured to screen the best Ni tolerant maize genotype. The plants were harvested at maturity. Results of the study showed the symptoms of chlorosis, yellowing and burning of lower leaves. Poor growth was more prominent and finally reduction in dry matter yield was recorded at Ni₂₀₀ and Ni₂₅₀ levels. Overall growth of genotype J-1006 was better as compared other two genotypes. In tested genotypes, the highest total chlorophyll content was observed at Ni₁₀₀ level. The mean dry matter yield was highest (54.00) g/pot) in J-1006 followed by HM-4 (50.24 g/pot) and HKH-1183 (31.38 g/pot). Thus J-1006 was superior to all other genotypes. In all the genotypes the maximum content of Ni was observed at Ni₂₀₀ level, In J-1006 the mean Ni uptake was 2.48% higher than HM-4 and 46.41% higher than HKH-1183.

1 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

006072   Singh R;Yadav V;Chaturvedi C S (Chemistry Dep, K. N. Govt. (PG) College, Gyanpur-221 304) : Evaluation of adsorbents for the removal of Zn, Cr(VI), Hg(II) and dyes from industrial effluents in son river of U.P.. Aquacult 2008, 9(2), 245-8.

Reports removal of toxic metal from the waste water of Sonebhadra district of U.P. The methodology included the adsorption behaviour and adsorption potential. Sorption studies were conducted by Batch technique. The study shows that Fillers earth method may be used as for removal of toxic metals and dyes from the waste water.

4 illus, 13 ref

006071   Sharma A;Sahu R (Algal Biotechnology Lab, University Botany Dep, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand) : Observation on occupational diseases among coal miners around Damoder river basin in Jharkhand. Bionature 2008, 28(1), 53-60.

Rapid Industrial growth of Damodar basin having rich deposition of coal and minerals has undoubtedly contributed to the prosperity of the region. However mining activities such as drilling, blasting, excavation by heavy moving machines like shovels, drills and holpakes have created severe pollution in air, water and soil. Large quantity of suspended particulate matter (SPM), fly ashes and other gaseous pollutants are present in air. Water pollution due to coal mining has resulted in the problem of acid mine drainage (AMD) and water from the coal washery contains higher concentration of inorganic pollutants which are known to be discharged in Damodar river without recycling. All these reveal alarming situation. The study shows increased cases of water & air borne diseases during last 6 years. (2000-2006) which has been revealed during survey and Hospital Records. Data from pathological laboratories show that as many as 60% and 40% of the coal miners are suffering from air and water borne diseases respectively. Further, findings are also supported by the presence of high MPN of bacteria, TDS, cyanide, phenols in water as well as SPM in the ambient air. These appear as probable reasons for increased cases of gastro-intestinal, respiratory disorders and skin infections.

3 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

006070   Raja I A;Kulkarni K M (Zoology Research Lab, Zoology Dep, Shri Shivaji College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Akola-444 001, Email: rasbora_raja@rediffmail.com) : Tissue biochemical adjustments in the air breathing fresh water fish Channa punctatus exposed to environmental hypoxia. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(2), 669-72.

Tissue biochemical changes in fish Channa punctatus exposed to hypoxia for the period of 1 and 3 hours was investigated. Chemical constituents such as glycogen. glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and amino acids were estimated in liver, kidney and white muscle. One hour hypoxia resulted in increase in glycogen and glucose levels in liver and kidney but it decreased in muscles. The lactate level was found to have increased in liver and muscles. However these values returned to near basal levels after three hours of exposure. Similar trend was observed for pyruvate and amino acids concentration in the same tissues. Changed biochemical content of C. punctatus during hypoxia suggested that liver gluconeogenesis probably supported by proteolysis. The kidney and liver presented the same biochemical trend suggesting similar metabolic role for both organs. Glucogenolysis followed by glucose fermentation and protein mobilization was observed in the white muscle. The air breathing behavior of C. punctatus works in parallel with metabolism to prevent impairments from hypoxia. Metabolic adjustments arc observed when the air taking is avoided.

2 tables, 20 ref

006069   Prabhakara Reddy G V;Srinivasamurthy C A; Nagaraja M S;Rathore T S (Soil Science and Agric Chemistry Dep, GKVK, UAS, Bangalore-65) : Use organic wastes in forest nursery and their effect on growth of saplings and soil properties. Ann For 2008, 16(1), 67-77.

Industrial and urban expansions lead to serious environmental problems by generating large quantities of organic wastes (sludges), which are rich in organic and plant nutrients. These organic wastes provide an opportunity to utilize them as nutrient source in place of conventional organic manures in forest nursery. An attempt has been made to study the effect of application of nutrient rich organic wastes on the tree saplings in forest nurseries, changes in soil properties and at the same time solve the waste disposal problem. The various organic wastes collected from different sources in southern Karnataka were analyzed for their nutrient content. The organic wastes were mixed in the ratio of 1:1:1 and 1:1:2 of sand: soil: organic waste and then filled in to polyethylene bags. Two months old saplings of native tree species were planted and the growth parameters were monitored at monthly interval. The soil samples were collected and analyzed at the end of the experiment. The plants growth varied significantly due to application of organic wastes at both the levels. The growth was influenced by the wastes in the order of distillery sludge > municipal sludge > sugar mill sludge > FYM > paper mill sludge. In general, the wastes at higher level recorded higher growth compared to that of lesser rate. However, the retarded growth was observed in few species with higher level of distillery sludge application. Similarly, the soil and plant nutrient status were very much influenced by the organic wastes type and their levels. The overall results suggest that the sewage sludge and agro-industrial waste can be effectively and efficiently used for raising tree saplings in forest nurseries.

1 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

006068   Otaghvari A M;Uniyal P L (Botany Dep, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, Email: uniyalpl@rediffmail.com) : Conversion of tobacco waste into compost. Ann For 2008, 16(1), 83-6.

Conversion of tobacco waste into compost is economically effective and is in the interest of prevention of the environment. Compost consists of some resistant matters and all nutrients in appropriate ratio. Tobacco residue is accumulated in layers and barley yeast is used to accelerate the decomposition process. As the biochemical reaction in this process is extremely exothermic, stirring and physical mixing are very necessary for ventilation. Catalysis is initiator and continuing factor in making different chemical changes in the process. The sources of the catalyst are tobacco leaf and the microorganisms that develop on the tobacco leaf. The physical and chemical structure of leaves in the process of fermentation are significant that catalytic factor. The high temperature cause increased permeability of phenols into the cytoplasm that endure chemical changes. Nicotine changes into nitrates and ammonia as result of action and activity of enzyme of the leaf and bacterial activity. Ninety per cent of nicotine of the tobacco leaf is decomposed into compost containing N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu by the interaction of bacteria and the remaining 10% by the enzyme mechanism of leaf.

6 ref

006067   Mishra J;Mishra K N (Botany Dep, T.D. P.G. College, Jaunpur-222 000) : Effect of SO₂ and NO₂ generated acidification on nodulation of Alysicarpus monilifer and Phaseolus trilobus (Linn) in alluvials of U.P., India.. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2007, 30(5-6), 165-8.

The combustion of petroleum, coal and burning of biomass release SO₂ and NO_x in significant quantity in urban and industrial atmosphere. In the presence of moisture they cause acidification of soil water and plants. Such situations are very often seen in townships. Acidification of the ecosystem adversely affects the productivity of aquatic ecosystem as well as agricultural products. Acid rains i.e. atmospheric precipitation with pH value less than 5.6 has recently become a prime source for acidification of the environment. Simulated acid rain experiments on the nodulation behaviour of two legumes viz. Alysicarpus monilifer and Phaseolus trilobus are presented in this report. It is shown that (i) the changes are insignificant if seed are treated at pH 5.6 but becomes significant for lower pH (ii) Nodules in Alysicarpus monilifer are affected more by the acidification as compared to the Phaseolus trilobus. Simulated rain conditions are created by adding the aquous solution of acidic mixture H₂SO₄+HNO₃ (7 :3 ratio) in the medium soil, water and the atmosphere.

^ssc2 tables, 24 ref

006066   Mina U;Pranav Kumar;Varshney C K (Environmental Sciences Div, Indian Agriculturaal Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: usha_env@iari.res.in) : Response of Indian crops to ozone phytotoxicity. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(2), 700-3.

Tropospheric ozone (O₃) is not only a green house gas but also regarded as most important phytotoxic pollutant. In troposphere O₃ concentration is rising at an annual rate of 0.5%. O₃ is not merely a local problem, it is a regional scale oxidant problem that exerts impact over wide geographical or even continental level. High ambient O₃ levels significantly affect the growth and yield of crops in different regions of world. In the study 10 Indian crop cultivars-barley, wheat, chickpea, mustard, tomato, potato, radish, onion, spinach and tobacco assessed for the O₃ phytotoxicity compared to universally recognized resistant (Tobacco Bel-B) and sensitive (Tobacco Bel-W3) O₃ bioindicators. Crops and O₃ bioindicators at one month old stage were exposed to 55 ppb O₃ concentration for 12 days 2 h per day. O₃ exposure induced different injury symptoms in different crops. Shoot biomass and root biomass of O₃ exposed plants of different crops were reduced between 16-60% and 9-63% respectively as compared to their respective control plants. Yield of all the 10 crops was adversely affected by O₃ exposure. In some of the Indian crops losses in different growth parameters due to O₃ exposure were high as compared to Tobacco Bel- B, ozone resistant bioindicator. Results suggest that most of the Indian crops are prone to O₃ phytotoxicity. It is therefore important to undertake detailed investigations for assessing the impact of O₃ phytotoxicity on the different crops grown in various agroecological zones of India.

2 tables, 11 ref

006065   Chougala S C;Mutnal S M;Maheswarappa V (Geology Dep, Karnataka Science College, Dharwad-580 001) : Growth and productivity of sorghum as influenced by cement dust around Lokapur lime kilns of Karnataka. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(2A), 856-8.

Experiment was initiated to assess the growth and productivity of sorghum influenced by cement dust emitted by a group of lime kilns near Lokapur, located in zone 3 of Karnataka during 2001-03. The sorghum was grown around. The study was conducted at four distances in four directions of lime kilns. The results indicated that the sorghum plant height, leaf area, dry matter and grain yield were low near the vicinity of lime kilns (133.9 cm, 10.19 dm²/plant, 41.4 g/plant and 1,005.0 kg/ha, respectively) and highest was recorded in 1 to 2 km distance from lime kilns (169.7 cm, 28.85 dm²/plant, 80.9 g/plant and 1,906.7 kg/ha, respectively). The higher growth and productivity of sorghum was noticed in northern side (165.3 cm/plant, 24.20 dm²/plant, 79 g/plant and 1,675.2 kg/ha, respectively) as compared to western side.

2 tables, 7 ref

006064   Chaubey A K;Singh H P;Shahi U P (Soil Science Dep, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145) : Effect of paper-mill effluent and AM fungi on yield and uptake of N, P and K in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Envir Ecol 2008, 26(2), 609-14.

Greenhouse study was undertaken to find out response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, paper-mill effluent concentrations and their interaction on uptake of N, P and K by shoot and yield of wheat. The study was made with two factors each with four levels viz. mycorrhizal fungi inoculation-uninoculatcd control (Mo), Glomus ACP 1(M.₁), Scutellospora ACP 2 (M₂) and Gigaspora ACP 2 (M₃) and effluent application-0%, (E₀%), 25% (E₂₅, 50% (E₅₀), and 100% (E₁₀₀) in plastic pots (20 cm x 20 cm) containing about 4.5 kg of processed soil in each pot in a completely randomized design. Thus, in all there were 16 treatment combinations. The maximum nitrogen uptake by straw, grain and total biomass was recorded due to M₁ inoculation along with 25% concentration of effluent in irrigation water. Interactions between all the mycorrhizal fungal strains and paper-mill effluent up to 50% concentration significantly increased P uptake by straw, grain and total biomass and a significant reduction was recorded at 100% effluent concentration. Different strains of mycorrhizal fungi and the concentration of paper effluent upto 50% interacted well resulting a significant increase in K uptake by wheat crop over their respective controls. Inoculation with M₁, M₂ and M₃ strain significantly increased straw and grain yield ranging from 14.9 to 21.8% and 5.8 to 8.3% over the control, respectively. Interaction effect between different strains of mycorrhizal fungi and different concentrations of effluent showed that there was non-significant effect on test weight up to E₅₀, level of effluent concentration. However, straw and grain weight was significantly increased with inoculation of all the fungal strains along with the irrigation of 25% effluent concentration in irrigation' water. The increase in these parameters under diluted paper mill effluent might be due to reduction in the level of toxic metabolitcs by dilution and better utilization of available nutrients present in effluent by crop plants. Lower concentrations viz. 25 and 50% of effluent increased all these parameters over control where no effluent was applied.

5 tables, 13 ref

006063   Chatterjee S K;Chatterjee S;Thakur B (Life Science Laboratory, Institute of Science Education, Burdwan Univ, Golapbag, Burdwan-713 104) : Respiratory health of school children under increasing threats of air pollution. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(2A), 841-3.

Keeping in view of the increasing threats of air pollution, a study was undertaken to compare the respiratory health of school going children inhabiting rural and urban areas. One hundred boy and girl students from each area were interviewed with the help of a set of questions selected from the standard questionnaire. The findings were analyzed mainly in respect of some health parameters along with other related issues. The physiological and hematological parameters of rural and urban students were well within the normal ranges.

3 tables, 13 ref

005070   Vediya S D;Suthar A B (P.G. Centre in Botany, Sir P.T. Science College, Modasa, Gujarat) : Water quality assessment studies with reference to fluoride contamination on selected villages of Himatnagar taluka, North Gujarat, India. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 1033-4.

Fluoride concentration of 90 ground water samples of 30 villages from himatnagar taluka of sabarkantha district of Gujarat was determined. In the taluka 17 villages (50%) were found to have fluoride concentration more than 1.5 mg/l which is maximum desirable limit of drinking water standards 18, 10500,1999. In the taluka 7 villages were found to have fluoride concentration more than 3.0 mg/l. In this villages there is maximum possibility of dental and skeletal fluorosis.

1 illus, 4 ref

005069   Vediya S D;Shrivastava A K (P.G. Centre in Botany, Sir P.T. Science College, Modasa, Gujarat) : Anionic contamination in lake's water situated at Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 1019-22.

Thaltej Lake, Ambli Lake, Prahladnagar Lake, Makarba Lake and Sola lake's waters were analysed for anionic contaminations. The anionic contamination like Cl^-1, CO₂^--, HCO₃^-, SO₄^--, NO₂^--, NO₃^-, F^-, PO₄^--, SiO₂^- were determined comparatively during 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 by standard methods. Cl^-, CO₂^--, HCO₃^-, SO₄^--, NO₂^--, NO₃^-, F^-, SiO₂^- contents of water samples from all localities were within the permissible limit of BIS except PO₄^-- at few studied localities. The results suggested that waters were not suitable for drinking purpose but suitable for irrigation purpose.

9 tables, 16 ref

005068   Vediya S D;Shrivastava A K (P.G. Centre in Botany, Sir P.T. Science College, Modasa) : Cationic contamination in lake's water situated at Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 1011-14.

Ahmedabad is unique in the whole of India in matter of environmental neatness and flourishing conditions and it is superior to other cities in the excellence of its monuments. Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA) proposes to undertake works for revival, development of catchments area and beautification of few lakes under the present project. Of these, Thaltej lake, Ambli lake, Prahladnagar lake, Makarba lake and Sola lake's waters were analysed for cationic contaminations. The results values of the metals estimated through 5 lakes during winter, summer and monsoon of the years 2004-2005 and 2005-2006. Their ranges of concentration were comparing to permissible limit of BIS. Calcium content of water samples from all localities were within the permissible limit of BIS except locality no. 1,2,3,4,5 in winter and summer of 2004-2005 and locality no. 5 in winter and no. 1 in summer of 2005-2006. Magnesium content of water samples from all localities were within the permissible limit of BIS except locality no. 1 in winter of 2004-2005 and locality no. 2, 5 in winter and no. 1, 2, 3, 4 in summer of 2005-2006. Ammonium, aluminium and potassium contents of water samples from all localities were within the permissible limit of BIS. Sodium content of water samples from all localities were beyond the permissible limit of BIS except locality no. 1, 2, 3, 5 in monsoon of 2004-2005 and 2005-2006. The results suggested that water was suitable for drinking purpose.

6 tables, 15 ref

005067   Tiwari M;Joshi J (Chemistry Dep, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302 017) : Heavy metal pollution of drinking water of Sanganer area, Jaipur district, Rajasthan, India. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1047-52.

A study of the water pollution problems in Sanganer town of Jaipur district was made. Six metallic parameters (Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn and Zn) in drinking water have been confirmed from thirty samples of different areas of Sanganer, situated in Jaipur district- of Rajasthan (India). These samples were monitored for six months and values obtained are compared with standards prescribed by Indian Council of Medical Research (TCMR) and World Health Organization (WHO).

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

005066   Thakur D N;Binod Kumar;Faiz A (Chemistry Dep, Patna Univ, Patna-800 005) : Physico chemical analysis of effluent water obtained from industrial belt of Bihar. Mendel int J 2007, 24(3-4), 123-4.

Physico-chemical monitoring of the Ganges water near effluent water and sewage being poured into has been carried out at Patna, Hajipur, Mokama and Barauni all towns with either thick or thin or dense coverage of Industries. The comparative analysis was carried out for the parameters like pH, DO., B.O.D., C.O.D., Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate, T.D.S., Calcium, Magnesium, Turbidity, etc. Results obtained in the investigations revealed that the discharge of untreated industrial effluents and sewage has contributed considerable pollution in the river Ganges at these places.

3 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

005065   Suryanarayana Raju S;Sharma R S;Sivasamy A (Biotechnology Dep, Godavari Institute of Engineering & Technology, Rajahmundry-534 294, Email: naran.ssnraju@gmail.com) : Advanced oxidation processes for degradation of polyphenols. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1375-90.

Industrialization has major role in the considerable enhancement of the concentration of effluents and misbalancing the aquatic environment. The chemical process industries viz., dye manufacturing industries, tanning industries, paper & pulp industries, oil refineries, etc., discharge toxic organic compounds at low concentrations to the nearer water bodies and makes the aquatic environment polluted. The effective disposal of the industrial effluents is an important task. Indian leather industry is par at enhancing the total production capacity to compete global market. However, it also shows some adverse effects on sustainable conditions of living brings especially in the vicinity of tanneries. Hence, it is very much in need to develop suitable and cost effective technology for the treatment of tannery waste. Several techniques are under implementation for the treatment of tanning industry effluents. Herein, we report the results of advanced oxidation processes based on modified Fenton's reagent and so no-Fenton reactions for the decomposition of certain polyphenols, gallic Acid (GA), tannic Acid (TA) under atmospheric conditions. The effect of various parameters on the degradation has been discussed.

5 illus, 6 tables, 15 ref

005064   Surana J;Bhardwaj S (Chemistry Dep, M.P. Govt. P.O. College, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan) : Eco-friencly process for removal of malachite green from industrial effluents using MnWO₄ as semiconductor. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1473-80.

The bleaching of malachite green was carried out in presence of semiconductor Mn WO₄. The energy source used was visible light. The effect of various parameters like amount of semiconductor, pH, light intensity, dye concentration etc. was observed on the bleaching of day by MnWO₄. A tentative mechanism has been proposed.

5 illus, 5 tables, 7 ref

005063   Sunkad B N (Zoology Dep, R.L. Science Institute, Belgaum-590 001, Email: bnsunkad@yahoo.co.in) : Water quality assessment of Kanabargi water body (Belgaum). Envir Ecol 2008, 26(1), 191-4.

Studies on limnobiotic status of Kanabargi water body were made to assess the quality of water from August 2004 to July 200S. All the parameters were well below the permissible limits. At present the water body is suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. Studies show that it is at present oligotropic. Rapid urbanization and improper sanitation may lead to eutropic condition.

3 tables, 7 ref

005062   Sinha D K;Rajeev Kumar (Chemistry Dep, K.G.K. (P.G.) College, Moradabad-244 001) : Underground aquatic environmental pollution at J.P. Nagar. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1332-44.

Underground drinking water samples at six different sites of hand pump at J.P. Nagar were collected and analysed for different physico-chemical water quality parameters following standard methods and procedures. The comparison of the estimated data with W. H. O. drinking water standards revealed that underground drinking water is polluted with reference to a number of physico-chemical parameters. However, water quality is moderately fair with reference to other parameters studied. Water quality of ordinary hand pumps are almost similar to that of IM2 hand pumps. The study suggests that drinking water quality management in the area of study is urgently needed and residents must be educated for safe drinking water.

15 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

005061   Singh M N;Chauhan U K (School of Environmental Biology, A P S Univ, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh) : Electrical measurements of green leaves under pollution hazards. Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(1), 105-10.

Green leaves are always damaged by the air born contaminants. Heights of the tall trees are reducing day by day due to pollution. The size of the green leaves are also reduced due to harsh environmental pollution. This is due to reduction of electrical and mechanical energy in trees. Some study were made on large number of green leaves by measuring their Resistance (R), Inductance (L) and Capacitance (C) to obtain clue of energy reduction. The properties of green leaves as pollution diverter, absorber, indicator, attenuator, arrester and adsorber are described in the light of RLC measurements and Mass Law of mixing. To estimate and predict the pollution surges and indications through the green leaves of mango (Mangifera indica), tesu (Butea monosperma) and jamun (Syzygium cumuni), sal (Shorea robusta) and neem (Azadirachta indica) were selected for the study. The measurements and observations were carried out by using LCR tan digital meter and insulation tester.

2 illus, 6 tables, 14 ref

005060   Singh D K;Parashar N;Sharma R (NO, , 327/Sector 9, Avas Vikas Colony, Sikandra-Bodla Road, Agra-282 007, Email: drravisharma@yahoo.com) : Physico-chemical analysis of effluents from a carpet industry. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 577-83.

The physico-chemical analysis of effluents of the polluted site exhibited higher values for pH (8.5 - 8.9), electrical conductivity (12.00-17.00 dsm^-1), carbonate (46.98 - 61.06 mg/l), chloride (203.75 - 275.00 mg/l), sulphate (221.31 - 260.00 mg/l), nitrate-N (0.78 - 0.97 mg/l), ammonium-N (72.00 - 79.00 mg/l), total-N (75.71 - 83.77 mg/l), phosphate (0.37 - 0.54 mg/l) and sodium (196.33 -254.13 mg/l), potassium (43.44 - 57.84 mg/l), calcium (46.13 - 60.50 mg/l), calcium (46.13 - 60.50 mg/l) and magnesium (9.39 -18.44 mg/l) during the entire period as compared to those for water at control site. Chromium (49.85 - 65.33 mg/l) and dye contents (67.97 - 83.40 mg/l) were present only at the polluted site and not detected at control site. Dissolved and total solids were also found to be at a very high range (989.85 - 1045.26 mg/l) and (1678.00 - 1745.00 mg/l) respectively in the effluents while suspended solids were observed only at the polluted site (266.14 - 299.55 mg/l).

2 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

005059   Siddiqui S;Khan S S (Microbiology Dep, Saifia College of Science and Education, Bhopal) : Effect induced on vesicular Arbuscular mycelium (VAM) and fresh plant weight by application of distillery effluents in glycinemax. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 951-3.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of distillery effluents; raw spent wash (RSW), bio-methanated spent wash (BSW), recommended NPK. and FYM (farm yard manure) and control (no fertilizer and effluent) on VAM and weight of plant, both fresh and dry. The study revealed that NPK + FYM showed highest VAM infection followed by BSW, RSW and lowest in control in that order. A more or less similar trend was observed for increase in biomass of plant.

3 tables, 10 ref

005058   Sharma S;Soni P;Sharma A;Sharma S;Singh P K; Sharma K P (Zoology Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004) : Fluoride as a pollutant: cause of concern and call for action. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2007, 30(1-2), 39-44.

Initially, it was an well established fact, that fluoride is a children's friend and creator of beautiful smiles, but lateron, this creator became destructor. Several anthropogenic activities like steel, aluminum, ceramics and phosphate fertilizer production are the major source of fluoride emission. The excess concentration of fluoride not only affects materials and morphology of the living beings but also can disrupt their anatomy and physiology, and even reduced their fertility. As it has the tendency to get accumulate and magnify its concentration, at each successive trophic level, when passed through the food chain in an ecosystem. Therefore, efforts are needed to protect environment from fluoride toxicity, by supporting more research on the subject, conducting public awareness programmes and promoting systematic policies by governments.

39 ref

005057   Shankar Pratap Singh (Botany Dep, T.D.P.G. College, Jaunpur) : Physico-chemical investigation of industrial effluents and its effects on germination of Triticum aestivum (Wheat). Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 857-8.

Increased concentration and presence of heavy metals in polluted industrial effluent affects the germination and growth of plants. Samples of industrial effluent were examined every time and test seeds were kept for germination in the polluted water. The percentage of seed germination, length of primary root and shoot were recorded, in various samples. The highest seed germination was observed at 10% concentration.

2 tables, 8 ref

005056   Salgare S A (Prathamesh Society, , Shivaji Chowk, Karjat-401 201, Email: drsalgare@rediffmail.com) : Effect of herbicide (Atrataf Sow) on pollen germination and tube length of stored pollen of Apocynaceae: further evidence of a criticism of Banerji and Ganqulee (1937), Brewbaker and Kwack (1963), Sudhakaran (1967-ph. D, thesis), Dharurkar (1971 -Ph. D. thesis), Berg (1973), Brandt (1974), Vick and Bevan (1976), Rasmussan (1977), Navara, Horvath and Kaleta (1978), Mhatre (1980-Ph. D. thesis). Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 1015-18.

Even the lowest concentration (10-17 mg/ml) of atrataf 50 W tried suppressed the germination of pollen of F-24 series of red-flowered cultivar of Nerium odorum and F-72 series of pink-flowered cultivar of Catharanthus roseus. The herbicide stimulated the germination of pollen as well as tube length of all the cultivars of the Apocynaceae throughout the experiment. Maximum pollen germination was noted in all the 10 series except for F-72 series of pink-flowered cultivar of C. roseus was noted with the stored pollen in vitro culture of sucrose. The time interval of the period of storage ranges right from 4 to 8 hours. However, the pollen of F-72 series of pink-flowered cultivar of C. roseus showed the highest germination in the sets which were set soon after the dehiscence of the anthers. In vitro culture of sucrose the longest pollen tubes were noted in 7 out of 10 series in the sets which were set soon after the dehiscence of the anthers. In vitro culture of sucrose supplemented with the herbicide the maximum pollen germination was noted in 7 out of 8 series in the sets which were sets soon after the dehiscence of the anthers. However, the longest pollen tubes were noted in all the 8 series in the sets set soon after the dehiscence of anther.

1 table, 29 ref

005055   Ranjan M R;Sharma S (Lab No. 216, School of Envirnomental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi-110 067, Email: mrawat@yahoo.com) : Prospects for utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW) in India. Everymans Sci 2008, 63(4), 230-4.

Generation of municipal solid waste in India is increasing day by day. The average per capita generation of waste was about 500 g/day in 2007 and it will increase to 925 g/day by 2047. The most important step to be used for management of this waste would be minimising its generation but this is not really possible. Then to manage waste sustainably, the waste to wealth route remains a viable solution although in India it is not common practice. Maximum recycling, composting with organic municipal solid waste and waste to energy generation should be utilised for MSW management. This aproach of sustainable waste management can solve the problem of land required for waste disposal and resulting pollution problems of air, ground, surface water, soil etc.

3 tables, 8 ref

005054   Paneerselvam M;Thamizhiniyan P;Lenin M (Environmental Biology Lab, Botany Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Biochemical activity of Phaseolus trilobus Ait. in AM fungi and dairy effluent. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 611-12.

Mycorrhizal fungi are species of fungi that intimately associate with plant roots forming a symbiotic relationship, with the plant providing sugars for the fungi and the fungi providing nutrients such as phosphorus, to the plants. It is an absorb, accumulate and transport large quantities of phosphate within their hyphae and release to plant cells in root tissue. The use of industrial effluent for agriculture is increasing when there is scarcity of water in that region. Much works have been conducted to find the effect of industrial effluent not only contain nutrients that enhance the growth of crop plants, but also have other toxic materials which retards the growth. The (Phaseolus trilobus Ait), is an important pulse crop in India, where the majority of the population are vegetarians. The present investigation has been carried out to find out the Biochemical changes of Phaseolus trilobus Ait. in AM fungi and dairy effluent. The pot culture experiment was conducted by using control, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% dairy effluent, respectively.

1 table, 9 ref

005053   Pandey G;Bhola Kumar;Pandey D D (Botany Dep, St. Columba's College, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand) : Effect of stone crusher dust pollution on biomass and productivity of Sesamum indicum. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(1), 230-1.

The study area was confined to the sesame situated in the prevailing wind direction of stone crusher area of Koderma, Jharkhand to assess the effect of stone crusher dust pollution on biomass and productivity of sesame. The biomass and productivity were found to be higher at each sampling date of the control sesame plant than polluted ones. A maximum reduction of 22.01% of total biomass was recorded at the age of 135 days.

1 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

005052   Jayjeet Kumar;Roy B P;Sinha R P (NO, , Moh-Alalpatti, Indira Colony, P.O. - D.M.C., Dist.-Darbhanga-846 001) : Role of physio-chemical properties of water in wetland diversity of Kuseshwarsthan, Darbhanga. Mendel int J 2007, 24(3-4), 105-6.

Deals only the wetland diversity of Kuseshwarsthan which is the need of wetland population and its survival. The study of agricultural effluent of physio-chemical characteristics are described.

3 tables, 4 ref

005051   Gupta A K;Ray B (Botany Dep, S.B.P.G. College, Baragaon, Varanasi-221 204, Email: akgupta52@rediffmail.com) : Impact of solid waste on ground water quality at Varanasi (U.P.), India. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 853-5.

The modern civilization accompanied by the rapid growth of population and industrialization has created the situation of huge amount of solid waste generation in cities and towns. Owing to filtration of rain water, the solid leachate produced at the dumping site ultimately find its way into the ground water causing contamination. The quality of ground water available within and near the municipal solid waste dumping yard in Varanasi city has been tested for the possibility of contamination due to dumping of the solid waste. A number of physico-chemical characteristics of ground water samples were analysed so as to ascertain the extent of ground water pollution by leachate. The results show that, as the distance from the fringe of the dumping yards increased the contamination and magnitude of pollution decreased consequently. The results obtained from the analysis showed that the concentration of most of the analysed chemical parameters referring to the available ground water quality is beyond permissible limit.

1 table, 10 ref