Vuppala P;Asadi S S;Reddy M A
002092 Vuppala P;Asadi S S;Reddy M A (Cent for Envir, Inst of Sci and Technol Jawaharlala Nehru Technol Univ, Hyderabad-500 072) : Role of remote sensing and GIS in assessment and mapping of groundwater contamination in municipal corporation of Hyderabad (Zone VI) Andhra Pradesh, India. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2005, 7(4), 645-52.
Spatial variation of deteriorating environmental quality with respect to ground water pollution within Hyderabad metropolis has been largely ignored mainly due to lack of conceptual basis and knowledge of spatial techniques. Paper highlights the role of GIS in effective assessment of ground water pollution patterns and monitoring its trends in Hyderabad metropolis. It also explores the correlation between the concentration levels of pollutants in urban ground water and urban land use.
5 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref
Vijayarengan P
002091 Vijayarengan P (Div of Envir Sci Dep of Bot, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Nitrogen and potassium status of blackgram cultivars under nickel toxicity. Adv Pl Sci 2005, 18(2), 725-9.
Greenhouse earthen pot experiment, four blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) cultivars (AB-1903, ADT-3, ADT-4 and ADT-5) were grown upto 45 days, in soil amended with nickel (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg). When compared to control, nickel at all levels (50-200 mg/kg) tested, decreased the nitrogen and potassium contents of roots and shoots of blackgram cultivars. For nitrogen is concerned, the decreasing effects were greater in the cultivars ADT-4 and ADT-5 than in the cultivars AB-1903 and ADT-3.
2 tables, 11 ref
Unnikrishnan A S;Rupa Kumar K;Fernandes S E; Michael G S;Patwardhan S K
002090 Unnikrishnan A S;Rupa Kumar K;Fernandes S E; Michael G S;Patwardhan S K (Natn Inst of Oceanography Dona Paula, , Goa-403 004, Email: unni@darya.nio.org) : Sea level changes along the Indian coast observations and projections. Curr Sci 2006, 90(3), 362-8.
Sea level changes can be of two types: (i) changes in the mean sea level and (ii) changes in the extreme sea level. The former is a global phenomenon while the latter is a regional phenomenon. Estimates of mean sea level rise made from past tide gauge data at selected stations along the coast of India indicate a rise of slightly less than 1 mm/year; however these estimates need to be corrected by including the rates of vertical land movements, whose measurements are not available at present. Simulation results of a regional climate model, HadRM2, were analysed for the northern Indian Ocean to provide the future scenarios of the occurrence of tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal for the period 2041-60. This model simulations consist of a control run with concentration of CO2 kept constant at 1990 levels and a perturbed run with transient increase in the concentrations of CO2 (GHG) according to the IS92a scenario for the period 2041-2060. The simulation results show increase in frequencies of tropical cyclones in the Bay, particularly intense events during the post-monsoon period, for the increased GHG run. A storm surge model was used to compute the surges associated with the cyclones generated by the climate model. The storm surge model was forced by the wind field from HadRM2 over the model domain and tides prescribed along the open boundary from a global tidal model. The frequency of high surges is found to be higher in the model run forced by winds from increased GHG run than in the model run forced by winds from the control run.
7 illus, 1 table, 14 ref
Ugbogu O C;Jgwe J C;Ekpe M E
002089 Ugbogu O C;Jgwe J C;Ekpe M E (Dep of Microbiol, Abia St Univ, P.M.B.2000 Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria) : Determination of heavy metal pollutants in fish samples from Imo river watershed at Owerrinta, Nigeria. Envir Ecol 2005, 23(4), 912-14.
Different fish samples from Imo river Owerrinta bought from fishermen and Owerrinta market were sampled for toxic elemental contaminants. The elements Cu, Cr, Fe, Mo, Ni, Se, V, Zn, Cd and Hg were determined. The highest levels of metals observed were Zn (8.87 ppm) in Synodontis membraneceous, Fe (7.134 ppm) and Cu (4.95 ppm) in Gymnarchus niloticus. Cr, Mo, Se and V were not detected in all the fish species used for this study. The implications of these contaminants in an aquatic environment together with the associated health hazards were examined.
1 table, 13 ref
Tripathi S C;Kusuma Kumari B A V L;Sarma V V;Ramana Murty T V
002088 Tripathi S C;Kusuma Kumari B A V L;Sarma V V;Ramana Murty T V (NO, Natn Inst of Oceanography Regional Cent, 176, Lawsons Bay Colony, Vishakhapatnam-530 017) : Evaluation of trophic state and plankton abundance from the environmental parameters of Vishakhapatnam harbour and near-shore waters, east coast of India. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2005, 7(4), 831-8.
Describes the nutrient indices of the Visakhapatnam harbour and near-shore waters. The inner channels of Visakhapatnam harbour are considered to be eutrophic while near-shore waters (coastal and inshore waters) associated with fishing harbour and entrance channels of Visakhapatnam harbour are considered to be mesotrophic. The decrease in nutrient indices and increase in species diversity index of phytoplankton from inner channels to inshore stations reveal the improvement of water quality on spatial basis towards the near-shore environment from the polluted harbour zone. Multiple regression equations have been utilized to evaluate the plankton abundance and the influencing parameters controlling plankton distribution in the different environmental systems.
1 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref
Tiwari S;Dixit S;Gupta S K
002087 Tiwari S;Dixit S;Gupta S K (Dept of Appl Chem, Maulana Azad Natn Inst of Technol, Bhopal-462 007) : Eutrophication of lower lake of Bhopal, India. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2005, 7(4), 839-42.
Study of the Lower lake of Bhopal, India reveals that the lake sediments contain much higher concentration of phosphates than the surface water. Eutrophication results in depletion of dissolved oxygen content of water thus reducing its quality.
7 illus, 14 ref
Tewari D D;Mishra S M
002086 Tewari D D;Mishra S M (Dep of Bot Ecology and Envir Biol Lab, M.L.K. (P.G.).College, Balrampur-201) : Limnological study during rainy season of Seetadwar lake at Shrawasti district. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 71-2.
Deals with the limnological status of Seetadwar Lake during rainy season from July to October 2003 focussing the physico-chemical characteristics of lake water and their co-relation with phytoplankton population and zooplanktonic population.
1 table, 16 ref
Surve P R;Ambore N E;Pulle J S
002085 Surve P R;Ambore N E;Pulle J S (Dep of Zool, Shri Shivaji Coll, Kandhar, Dist. Nanded,) : Hydrochemical studies of Kandhar dam water, District Nanded [M.S.], India. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 61-3.
Study of the physico-chemical characteristics of fresh water of Kandhar dam were conducted at three different stations namely S1, S2 and S3 during the year 1999. The Kandhar dam is situated between 18° 50' North altitude and 10° South altitude. The seasonal variations of the characteristics such as atmospheric temperature, water temperature, pH, free carbon dioxide, carbonate alkalinity and dissolved oxygen were studied. Water temperature shows inverse relation with dissolved oxygen.
1 table, 11 ref
Soccol C R;Brand D;Mohan R;Rodriguez J A L; Pandey A
002084 Soccol C R;Brand D;Mohan R;Rodriguez J A L; Pandey A (Chem Engng Dep Lab of Biotechnological Processes, Fedl Univ of Parana CEP 81531-970 Curitiba PR, Brazil) : Coffee husk: a potenial alternative meterial for bioprocesses. Metals Mater Process 2005, 17(3-4), 195-206.
During the processing of agricultural crops, apart from the targeted products, several other residues in considerable quantity and volume, are also generated. These residues due to their voluminous nature not only occupy large space for storage and disposal but also lead to environmental problems. Coffee husk generated during the dry-processing of coffee cherries is one such residue available in large quantities in coffee growing countries (Brazil being the largest producer, accounting for about 32% of total production). Coffee husk contains anti-physiological substances such as caffeine, tannins and polyphenols, which make it unattractive for any potential application, e.g. it is even not a suitable feed or feed-ingredient. This paper presents a brief overview of biotechnological potential of coffee husk, providing state-of-art information on its alternative application as substrate in bioprocesses. Coffee husk is rich in organic content, and is a suitable substrate for fermentation processes. Several studies employing mostly solid-state fermentation have been conducted for the production of value-added products such as edible mushrooms, gibberellic acid, industrial enzymes, flavour and aroma compounds, etc. Biological detoxification of coffee husk with fungal strains has been studied in order to eliminate the anti-physiological factors and make it suitable for animal feed. The natural micro-flora present in coffee cherries have been investigated with the objective of selecting microbial strains capable of ensiling coffee husk and also to degrade the residual waters of coffee processing.
7 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref
Sinha Ray S P
002083 Sinha Ray S P (Cent for Groundwater Stud, , Kolkata) : Development and management of ground water resources. MGMI Trans 2004, 101(1-2), 11-19.
3 tables
Shukla P R
002082 Shukla P R (Indian Inst of Mgmt, , Ahmedabad-380 015, Email: shukla@iimahd.ernet.in) : India's GHG emission scenarios: aligning development and stabilization paths. Curr Sci 2006, 90(3), 384-95.
Paper presents emission scenarios for India, constructed following the IPCC SRES framework. Analysis spans 21st century and is centered on energy sector CO2 emission. Scenario stories presume no explicit climate intervention; however differences in endogenous profiles of key drivers like technologies have profound indirect impact on GHG emissions. Across scenarios, aggregate emission trajectories vary significantly, thus proving that endogenous development choices are key determinants of emission paths. The paper therefore argues that development policies and actions, which alter profiles of key drivers of development should be essential elements of climate mitigation strategies. Scenario results show that India's per capita emission during the century would rank amongst the lowest. Stabilization at a 550 ppmv CO2 concentration would induce significant changes in energy and technology mix and economic losses in India. Stabilization burden would be lower in scenarios where underlying development paths are sustainable. The near-term energy choices, given their path dependence, could deliver sustained development and climate benefits. Aligning development and climate actions, therefore, is advisable and feasible. The regime instruments, the paper concludes, should aim to first support endogenous climate-friendly actions and then to induce climate centric actions in addition.
10 illus, 2 tables, 58 ref
Sharma S;Bhattacharya S;Garg A
002081 Sharma S;Bhattacharya S;Garg A (Ministry of Envir and For Government of India, , New Delhi, Email: sumana@winrockindia.org) : Greenhouse gas emissions from India. Curr Sci 2006, 90(3), 326-33.
Climate change arising due to the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere since the pre-industrial times has emerged as a serious global environmental issue and poses a threat and challenge to mankind. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change enjoins upon the Parties to the Convention to protect the climate system according to their common but differentiated responsibilities. The parties to the convention are also required to report to the convention on a regular basis a comprehensive and comparable inventory of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and the steps taken to protect the climate. Towards the fulfillment of its obligations, India submitted its initial national communication to the UNFCCC in June 2004. This paper analyses the improvements made in greenhouse gases (GHG) inventory estimation reported in the Initial National Communication with respect to the earlier published estimates and highlights the strengths, the gaps that still exist and the future challenges for inventory refinement. An assessment of the current and projected trends of GHG emission from India and some selected countries indicates that though Indian emissions grew at the rate of 4 per cent per annum during 1990 and 2000 period and are projected to grow further to meet the national developmental needs, the absolute level of GHG emissions in 2020 will be below 5 per cent of global emissions and the per capita emissions will still be low compared to most of the developed countries as well as the global average.
2 illus, 5 tables, 27 ref
Sengupta J N;Datta J K;Saha R N;Gupta S; Mondal N
002080 Sengupta J N;Datta J K;Saha R N;Gupta S; Mondal N (Dep of Envir Sci, The Univ of Burdwan, West Bengal) : Characterization of soil and water from its source at agricultural field and its termination in river and related algal and arthropod diversity in respective soil and water studied at Burdwan District, West Bengal, India. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 81-5.
Field study was carried out in Palla village 23° 13'N (Latitude) and 87°56'E (Longitude), district Burdwan, West Bengal to evaluate the impact of agro-chemicals in the runoff water, starting from its origin to its termination in side the Damodar river. Side by side samples were collected from another spot where agro-chemicals accumulated in a shallow pond. Physico-chemical analysis of a number of parameters of soil and water samples were estimated from all the five spots studied in this investigation. Algal flora and arthropod fauna were collected, identified from all the experimental spots.
5 tables, 3 ref
Sathaye J;Shukla P R;Ravindranath N H
002079 Sathaye J;Shukla P R;Ravindranath N H (Lawrence Berkeley Natn Lab, , Berkeley, CA, USA, Email: ravi@ces.iisc.ernet.in) : Climate change, sustainable development and India: Global and national concerns. Curr Sci 2006, 90(3), 314-25.
Climate change is one of the most important global environmental challenges, with implications for food production, water supply, health, energy, etc. Addressing climate change requires a good scientific understanding is well as coordinated action at national and global level. This paper addresses these challenges. Historically, the responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions' increase lies largely with the industrialized world, though the developing countries are likely to be the source of an increasing proportion of future emissions. The projected climate change under various scenarios is likely to have implications on food production, water supply, coastal settlements, forest ecosystems, health, energy security, etc. The adaptive capacity of communities likely to be impacted by climate change is low in developing countries. The efforts made by the UNFCCC and the Kyoto protocol provisions are clearly inadequate to address the climate change challenge. The most effective way to address climate change is to adopt a sustainable development pathway by shifting to environmentally sustainable technologies and promotion of energy efficiency, renewable energy, forest conservation, reforestation, water conservation, etc. The issue of highest importance to developing countries is reducing the vulnerability of their natural and socio-economic systems to the projected climate change. India and other developing countries will face the challenge of promoting mitigation and adaptation strategies, bearing the cost of such an effort, and its implications for economic development.
5 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref
Saradhi M;Dixit V P;Nagappa K
002078 Saradhi M;Dixit V P;Nagappa K (Dep of Vet Public Hlth, Coll of Vet and Anim Sci G.B. Pant Univ of Agric and Technol, Pantnagar, Email: docnagappa@rediffmail.com) : Physico-chemical properties of Tarai water in Uttaranchal. Envir Ecol 2005, 23(4), 957-62.
Total of 98 water samples obtained from different locations of Tarai region of Uttaranchal, were analyzed for the physico-chemical properties. Most of the samples showed alkaline reaction and higher degree of total hardness. However, samples were normal with respect to temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity and dissolved oxygen. Further, it was found that the samples were inadequately chlorinated.
1 tables, 32 ref
Saha T;Roy A;Ghosh P B
002077 Saha T;Roy A;Ghosh P B (NO, Inst of Envir Stud and Wetland Mgmt, B-4 LA-Block, Sector-III, Saltlake City, Kolkata-700 098, Email: prema_drprema@yahoo.com) : Ecology of bacterioplankton in a nationally important lake, Rabindra Sarobar in Kolkata. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2005, 7(4), 717-22.
Studies on the abundance and distribution of the heterotropic bacterial communities of total bacteria and coliform bacteria including faecal and Salmonella revealed a distinct seasonal variation of their population with relatively higher values in monsoon and lower values during winter. Higher bacterial density was accompanied with higher population of both phytoplankton and zooplankton and showed significant positive correlation between each of them indicating their common source of occurrence. While insignificant correlation between bacterial population and phytoplankton production well substantiated the fact that the heterotrophic organisms showed relatively less affinity for fixed carbon accumulated in the system during photosynthesis. Besides, bacterial community also prefers to take easily available dissolved nutrients of inorganic forms, but not with combined forms. The influence of the physical factors like pH, total dissolved solids, temperature and dissolved oxygen on the bacterial density throughout the season were not prominent and probably suppressed by other operating forces. The interaction between and among the biotic components together with their release of organic substrates during survival could probably play a vital role for their abundance and distribution in the present aquatic system.
3 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref
Reshu
002076 Reshu (Deptt of Bot, M.S. Coll, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of automobile exhausts on some biochemical characteristic of road side triticum aestivum L.. Adv Pl Sci 2005, 18(2), 713-16.
Paper summarizes the effect of air pollution on road side wheat crop particularly through automobile exhausts discharged by high traffic density on the main Bhagwanpur road of Saharanpur. Bhagwanpur road runs in the North-East route. On the road side wheat crop is grown by the local farmers. Therefore wheat crop parts have been collected from 20 m distance away from the road side as well as from 200 m away from the road side to determine the effect of automobile exhausts on total nitrogen and total heavy metal uptake by wheat plants. The results show great variation in the development and number of spikelets in wheat plants present at 20 m distance away from road side as compared to crop present at 200 m distance away from road side.
2 tables, 8 ref
Ravindranath N H;Joshi N V;Sukumar R;Saxena A
002075 Ravindranath N H;Joshi N V;Sukumar R;Saxena A (Cent for Ecological Sci, Indian Inst of Sci, Bangalore-560 012, Email: ravi@ces.iisc.ernet.in) : Impact of climate change on forests in India. Curr Sci 2006, 90(3), 354-61.
The study makes an assessment of the impact of projected climate change on forest ecosystems in India. This assessment is based on climate projections of Regional Climate Model of the Hadley Centre (HadRM3) using the A2 (740 ppm CO2) and B2 (575 ppm CO2) scenarios of Special Report on Emissions Scenarios and the BIOME4 vegetation response model. The main conclusion is that under the climate projection for the year 2085, 77% and 68% of the forested grids in India are likely to experience shift in forest types under A2 and B2 scenario, respectively. Indications are a shift towards wetter forest types in the northeastern region and drier forest types in the northwestern region in the absence of human influence. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate warming could also result in a doubling of net primary productivity under the A2 scenario and nearly 70% increase under the B2 scenario. The trends of impacts could be considered as robust but the magnitudes should be viewed with caution, due to the uncertainty in climate projections. Given the projected trends of likely impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems, it is important to incorporate climate change consideration in forest sector long-term planning process.
3 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref
Rajasekhar R V Jeba;Daniel T;Bhaskar B V; Muthusubramanian P
002074 Rajasekhar R V Jeba;Daniel T;Bhaskar B V; Muthusubramanian P (Dep of Envir Sch of Energy Sci, Madurai Kamraj Univ, Madurai-625 021) : Estimated and predicted noise levels in Madurai city. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2005, 7(4), 771-4.
The estimated noise levels either, exceed or are about to cross the permissible standards at most of the sampling sites of concern in the Madurai city. In addition, the ambient noise level Leq is predicted by a simple noise model in the assessment and the predicted values are compared with the experimental noise levels. As the predicted values are in reasonable agreement with the estimated values of noise levels, it can be concluded that the modelling equations of study can be used to predict the noise levels all over the city.
3 tables, 10 ref
Rajasekara Pandian M;Sharmila Banu G;Kumar G;Maheswaran R;Murugesan A G
002073 Rajasekara Pandian M;Sharmila Banu G;Kumar G;Maheswaran R;Murugesan A G (Cent for Biotechnol, Muthayammal Coll of Arts and Sci, Kakkaveri, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamilnadu-637 408) : Bacteriological assessment of Cauvery river water. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 49-51.
Microbiological water quality of river Cauvery was studied for a period of the three months from April to June 2001. Water samples were collected at fortnight intervals from five areas namely Bhavani (Station I) at Erode district, Mohanur (Station II) at Namakkal District, Kulithalai (Station III) at Karur District, Ammamandabam (Station IV) at Trichy District and Narimanam (Station V) at Tanjore District. The standard plate count (CFU/ml), Most Probable Number (MPN/100ml) of coliform bacteria and Escherchia coli count (CFU/ml) were analyzed.
3 tables, 15 ref
Patwardhan A
002072 Patwardhan A (Shailesh J Mehta Sch of Mgmt, Indian Inst of Technol, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, Email: anand@iitb.ac.in ) : Assessing vulnerability to climate change: the link between objectives and assessment. Curr Sci 2006, 90(3), 376-83.
Vulnerability of developing countries to potential impacts of climate change and the options for adaptation are rapidly emerging as central issues in the debate around policy responses to climate change. In order to prioritize, design and implement interventions to adapt to climate change, it is essential to adopt a coherent and consistent set of definitions and frameworks for examining vulnerability, adaptation and adaptive capacity. In practice, a variety of definitions of vulnerability and adaptation are found in the literature. This paper uses the base of literature from the context of the coastal impacts of climate change to draw some explicit linkages between the objectives of vulnerability and adaptation assessment and the definitions used in the analysis. Author has find that such a linkage is helpful for identifying the nature of assessment required, and the data and information necessary. The paper concludes with some thoughts regarding directions for research with regard to vulnerability and adaptation assessment.
3 illus, 5 tables, 26 ref
Nisha Priya M;Esakku S;Palanivelu K
002071 Nisha Priya M;Esakku S;Palanivelu K (Cent for Envir Stud, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025) : Electorchemical treatment of landfill leachate. Indian chem Engr 2005, 47(4), 272-6.
Leachate is a major environmental problem affecting the surroundings of landfill sites of municipal solid wastes. The work describes the electrolytic treatment of landfill leachate employing ternary metal-oxide (TiO2 - RUO2 - lrO2) coated titanium based anodes and copper cathodes in an undivided cell. Investigation on the effect of indirect oxidation in presence of chloride showed positive effect in terms of pollutant removal, current efficiency and energy consumption. The treatment method showed efficient reduction of colour, COD. TOC and NH3.
6 illus, 1 table, 28 ref
Nethra P;Nataraja K N;Rama N;Udayakumar M
002070 Nethra P;Nataraja K N;Rama N;Udayakumar M (Dep of Crop Physiol, Univ of Agric Sci GKVK, Bangalore-560 065, Email: nataraja_karaba@yahoo.com) : Standardization of environmental conditions for induction and retention of post-transcriptional gene silencing using tobacco rattle virus vector. Curr Sci 2006, 90(3), 431-5.
Post-transcriptional gene silencing technique (PTGS) using virus-induced gene silencing system (VIGS) is a highly useful gene knockout approach for functional analysis of endogenous genes in plants. Tobacco rattle virus based VIGS vector is a suitable vector for gene silencing in model plants like Nicotiana benthamiana and Lycopersicum esculentum (tomato). The effectiveness of Agroinfection and TRY-VIGS is influenced by environmental conditions. The vector having plant endogenous Phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene cloned either from N. benthamiana or tomato was used for targeted PTGS by Agro-infiltration approach. The extent of PDS RNA silencing was found to be highly temperature-sensitive and silencing was enhanced under low ambient temperature (less than 24°C), low light intensity (250 μmol m-2 s-1) and high humidity (85-90%). The efficiency of silencing was better in N. benthamiana than tomato. For examining the functional relevance of genes associated with specific physiological processes or abiotic stress, it is essential to retain the phenotype for longer period under greenhouse condition. N. benthamiana plants that were induced PTGS of PDS in growth room retained the phenotype for 30-35 days in the greenhouse maintained at high temperature 28-30°C) and light intensity (1000 μmol m-2 s-1). The silenced plants maintained low PSII quantum yield did not show any photosynthesis.
4 illus, 1 table, 14 ref
Kumar K R;Sahai A K;Krishna K;Patwardhan S K;Mishra P K;Revedekar J V;Kamala K;Pant G B
002069 Kumar K R;Sahai A K;Krishna K;Patwardhan S K;Mishra P K;Revedekar J V;Kamala K;Pant G B (Indian Inst of Trop Meteorology, , Pune-411 008, Email: kolli@tropmet.res.in) : High-resolution climate change scenarios for India for the 21st century. Curr Sci 2006, 90(3), 334-45.
State-of-art regional climate modelling system, known as PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies) developed by the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, is applied for India to develop high-resolution climate change scenarios. The present-day simulation (1961-1990) with PRECIS is evaluated, including an examination of the impact of enhanced resolution and an identification of biases. The RCM is able to resolve features on finer scales than those resolved by the GCM, particularly those related to improved resolution of the topography. The most notable advantage of using the RCM is a more realistic representation of the spatial patterns of summer monsoon rainfall such as the maximum along the windward side of the Western Ghats. There are notable quantitative biases in precipitation over some regions, mainly due to similar biases in the driving GCM. PRECIS simulations under scenarios of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and sulphate aerosols indicate marked increase in both rainfall and temperature towards the end of the 21st century. Surface air temperature and rainfall show similar patterns of projected changes under A2 and B2 scenarios, but the B2 scenario shows slightly lower magnitudes of the projected change. The warming is monotonously widespread over the country, but there are substantial spatial differences in the projected rainfall changes. West central India shows maximum expected increase in rainfall. Extremes in maximum and minimum temperatures are also expected to increase into the future, but the night temperatures are increasing faster than the day temperatures. Extreme precipitation shows substantial increases over a large area, and particularly over the west coast.
7 illus, 27 ref
Kavitha Kirubavathy A;Binukumari S;Mariamma N;Rajammal T
002068 Kavitha Kirubavathy A;Binukumari S;Mariamma N;Rajammal T (Dep of Zool, Chikkanna Govt Arts Coll, Tirupur-641 602) : Assessment of water quality of Orathupalayam reservoir, Erode district, Tamil Nadu. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2005, 5(1-2), 53-4.
Water quality of Orathupalayam reservoir study to ascertain the level of municipal waste contamination in it and further it's suitability for the irrigation. The physico-chemical end points studied have shown a heavy contamination of several undesired compounds and make it unsuitable for irrigation purpose.
1 table, 5 ref
Kashyap S M;Pandya G H;Kondawar V K
002067 Kashyap S M;Pandya G H;Kondawar V K (NO, Natn Envir Engng Res Inst Instrumentation Div, Nagapur-440 020) : Investigation of organic compounds in municipal wastewater by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Envir Ecol 2005, 23(4), 888-93.
Broad ranges of chemicals are let out into the municipal sewers from areas of intense urbanization. The chemicals include drugs, detergent, plasticizers, insecticides, and fire retardants. The paper reports the results of an investigation carried out to extract, analyze and identify the organic compound in the samples collected from various municipal waste treatment plants in a metropolitan city. Availability of GC-MS-MS system has helped in analyzing samples from various municipal treatment plants and identifies the likely compounds. Water-quality data collected in 2002 from municipal Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) of a metropolitan city in a reconnaissance of the organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) is presented. It has been found that the organic compounds were of diversified nature such as phenols, insecticides, PCBs, and phthalates. The concentrations were in the range of 0.00005 to 0.31674 ng/liter range.
1 tables, 15 ref
Joukoski A;Portella K F;Hoppen C;Andreoli C V
002066 Joukoski A;Portella K F;Hoppen C;Andreoli C V (NO, Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento-Lactec PO Box 19067 Cur, Brazil 81531-990, Email: alex@lactec.org.br) : Disposal of centrifuged sludge from water treatment plant (WTP) in concrete mixtures. Metals Mater Process 2005, 17(3-4), 389-400.
The demand for drinking water has increased due to growth of major cities around the world during the last few decades. This in turn implies, an increase of sludge production in Water Treatment Plants (WTP). Although this residue is generated by soil erosion in upstream locations, chemical treatments are required for its removal and proper disposal in order to provide appropriate environmental impact. Unfortunately, the usual destination for the sludge is the river courses, even though it has been classified as solid residue. Presents studies carried out on sludge obtained from Passauna WTP, located in Curitibas metropolitan area and a proposal for an alternative disposal of the humid sludge in concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate (sand) and cement. Chemical analysis including moisture content (88%) of the sludge was determined. The materials used include a filler-modified Portland cement, fine and coarse aggregates, which were characterized by several analytical techniques. Two concrete sample mixtures with sludge contents of 4 and 8 wt% (replacing natural sand) and a reference concrete (without sludge) were prepared. The properties, such as consistency of fresh mixtures and compressive strength of hardened concretes, were evaluated. Compressive strength of the compositions containing sludge presented an fc28 higher than 28 MPa, while it was lower for higher sludge contents (8% waste). The results on mechanical performance and density of the mixtures with the residue indicated that they could be employed in applications ranging from the manufacture of concrete artifacts and bricks to the construction of Portland cement concrete floors. On the other hand, concrete having more than 8% sludge may be used in applications such as residential pavements, floors and sideways in which the workability of concrete is not an important criteria.
4 illus, 6 tables, 25 ref
Jayanthi V;Krishnamoorthy R
002065 Jayanthi V;Krishnamoorthy R (Dep of Appl Geol, Univ of Madras, Chennai-600 025, Email: jvairavan@gmail.com) : Key airbone pollutants-impact on human health in Manali, Chennai. Curr Sci 2006, 90(3), 405-13.
Exposure to air pollution is an inescapable part of our urban life. In the study, the interaction patterns of air pollutants, SO2, NOx, SPM and PM10 are investigated based on measured database of the study area in Manali, near Chennai. The study is necessary, since these pollutants violate the prescribed norms of the NAAQ Standards. The air quality of SPM and PM10 based on exceedence factor for industrial average was assessed. It was found to fall under the moderate pollution category and this position is maintained. The health risks due to air pollutants are quantified by estimating the relationship between air quality and health effects. Health-related information was gathered through survey and the result is presented in spatial form. The study found that the inhabitants of Manali and surrounding villages were affected by respiratory problems, asthma and premature death. Thus the environmental concerns prevailing in Manali are a serious issue.
9 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref
Gururaj K V
002064 Gururaj K V (NO, , MGMI Headquarters, Sec V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-91) : Dust in air. MGMI Trans 2004, 101(1-2), 120-8.
1 illus
Gosain A K;Rao S;Basuray D
002063 Gosain A K;Rao S;Basuray D (Dep of Civ Engng, Indian Inst of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi-110 016, Email: gosain@civil.iitd.ernet.in) : Climate change impact assessment on hydrology of Indian river basins. Curr Sci 2006, 90(3), 346-53.
Study has been taken up to quantify the impact of the climate change on the water resources of Indian river systems. The study uses the HadRM2 daily weather data to determine the spatio-temporal water availability in the river systems. A distributed hydrological model namely SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) has been used. Simulation over 12 river basins of the country has been made using 40 years (20 years belonging to control or present and 20 years for GHG (Green House Gas) or future climate scenario) of simulated weather data. The initial analysis has revealed that under the GHG scenario, severity of droughts and intensity of floods in various parts of the country may get deteriorated. Moreover, a general reduction in the quantity of the available runoff has been predicted under the GHG scenario. Paper presents the detailed analyses of two river basins predicted to be worst affected (one with respect to floods and the other with respect to droughts).
11 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref
Ghavzan N J;Gunale V R;Pisal B R
002062 Ghavzan N J;Gunale V R;Pisal B R (Dep of Bot, Univ of Mazandaran, Iran) : Water pollution monitoring of Mula and Pavana rivers from Pune (India) urban area. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2005, 7(4), 785-90.
Work has been carried out on fresh water rivers, namely, Mula river and Pavana rivers. These rivers located Pune urban area, in the State of Maharashtra, India. The water sampling points were selected downstream of streams carrying wastewater in the rivers. The water samples were estimated for important physical and chemical parameters during October 2003 to January 2004. The key parameters were analyzed to understand changes in water quality due to pollution.
8 i, 1 m, 3 table, 18 ref
Davidson S J;Eswaran S;Sampathrajan A
002061 Davidson S J;Eswaran S;Sampathrajan A (Dep of Bioenergy, Agric Engng Coll and Res Inst, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003) : Investigation of Carbon monoxide and respiratory suspended particulates emissions from biomass cook stoves at Devarayapuram village in Coimbatore district. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2005, 7(4), 613-6.
Carbon monoxide (CO) and respiratory suspended particulates (RSP) emission from traditional and improved biomass stoves in rural kitchens were investigated at Devarayapuram village in Coimbatore district by varying houses of ventilation area. The thermal efficiency was found to be 11 and 24% for traditional and improved biomass stove. The minimum and maximum CO emission during cooking of houses with ventilation area 0.87, 0.43, 0.21 and 0 m2 were observed to be 48, 62, 106 and 300 ppm for traditional biomass stoves and 4, 4, and 40 ppm for improved biomass stoves. Improved biomass stoves reduce the cook's RSP exposure by 1.57 mg/m3 house with 0.43 m2 ventilation area and 3.95 mg/m3 with houses of no ventilation. The results of CO and RSP exposure proved that cook's exposure rate markedly decreased after the use of improved biomass stove and provided more ventilation in rural kitchens.
4 illus, 8 ref
Chithra V S;Jaya D S
002060 Chithra V S;Jaya D S (Dep of Envir Sci, Univ of Kerala, Kariavattom - 695 581) : Phytoremediation of sewage by grass cultivation : a case study of Valiathura sewage farm in Trivandrum district, Kerala. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2005, 7(4), 693-8.
Study was conducted in 2003, at Valiathura (Muttathara) Sewage Farm in Trivandrum District, Kerala. Here in 108 acres of land, the fodder grass cultivation was done using the sewage effluents. To find out the changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of the sewage effluent discharged to the nearby water body, the sewage water was analysed before and after irrigation in the sewage farm. In addition to the analyses of sewage water, various physico-chemical parameters of soil including heavy metals, chlorophyll content of plant leaves and heavy metal content of plant parts were analysed separately. The values obtained for most of the physico-chemical parameters of sewage effluent used for irrigation was rated as suitable for irrigational purposes. The biological filtration processes in the sewage farm reduces biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) etc. of the sewage effluent. It was also found that the grass cultivation in the sewage farm helps to remediate the contaminants like cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) present in the sewage to some extent. The results of the study on heavy metal accumulation in plants irrigated with sewage shows that the grass, Hybrid Napier accumulates inorganic contaminants more compared to that of the Para grass cultivated in the sewage farm.
1 illus, 7 tables, 17 ref
Bhattacharya T;Santra S C;Mukherjee S
002059 Bhattacharya T;Santra S C;Mukherjee S (Dep of Envir Sci, Univ of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741 235, Email: sommukh445@hotmail.com) : Organochlorine pesticide residue analysis in marketable fruits, vegetables and fish samples. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2005, 7(4), 809-12.
Organochlorine pesticides are very toxic and non-biodegradable. It has heavily deleterious effects on human health when left as residues in fruits, vegetables, and fishes. To study the residue levels of organochlorine pesticides some marketable samples were analyzed from one agricultural field, one orchard and two markets of West Bengal. Results showed that in some samples the residue levels were much high, above the acceptable daily intake value and few of them contained residue levels above the tolerance limits than. The endrin, aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan concentration was found to be as high as 0.5940, 0.6199, 0.7116, 1.8922 ppm respectively, which are well above the tolerance limit. In only one sample DDT was found in 0.1217ppm concentration, which was above acceptable daily intake.
2 tables, 24 ref
Bhattacharya S;Sharma C;Dhiman R C;Mitra A P
002058 Bhattacharya S;Sharma C;Dhiman R C;Mitra A P (NATCOM project Mgmt Cell 1, , Navjeevan Vihar, New Delhi-110 017, Email: sumana@winrockindia.org) : Climate change and malaria in India. Curr Sci 2006, 90(3), 369-75.
The focus in the paper is to understand the likely influence of climate change on vector production and malaria transmission in India. A set of transmission windows typical to India have been developed, in terms of different temperature ranges for a particular range of relative humidity, by analysing the present climate trends and corresponding malaria incidences. Using these transmission window criteria, the most endemic malarious regions emerge as the central and eastern Indian regions of the country covering Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhatisgarh, Orissa, West Bengal and Assam in the current climate conditions. Applying the same criteria under the future climate change conditions (results of HadRM2 using lS92a scenario) in 2050s, it is projected that malaria is likely to persist in Orissa, West Bengal and southern parts of Assam, bordering north of West Bengal. However, it may shift from the central Indian region to the south western coastal states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala. Also the northern states, including Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram in the northeast may become malaria prone. The duration of the transmission windows is likely to widen in northern and western states and shorten in the southern states. The extent of vulnerability due to malaria depends on the prevailing socio-economic conditions. The increase or decrease in vulnerability due to climate change in the 2050s will therefore depend on the developmental path followed by India. Therefore it is important to understand the current adaptation mechanisms and improve the coping capacities of the vulnerable section of the population by helping to enhance their accessibility to health services, improved surveillance and forecasting technologies.
7 illus, 21 ref
Bhattacharya A;Taneja A
002057 Bhattacharya A;Taneja A (VILLA ANISUS B-89, , Kailash Vihar, Avas Vikas Yojna No-1, Panki Road, Kalyanpur, Kanpur-208 07) : Critical load analysis, major constraints and future issues. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2005, 7(4), 629-32.
Critical load approach is a methodology according to which critical loads are used as a criterion to assess whether emission reduction strategies are sufficient. Different existing methods of the calculation of the critical loads have been discussed and the limitations of these methods have been pointed out. Few suggestions have also been incroporated for the future studies on deriving critical load like validation of input data on local scales.
2 illus, 1 table, 13 ref
Anilkumar N;Sarma Y V B;Babu K N;Sudhakar M; Pandey P C
002056 Anilkumar N;Sarma Y V B;Babu K N;Sudhakar M; Pandey P C (Natn Cent for Antarctic and Ocean Res Headland Sada, , Goa-403 804, Email: anil@ncaor.org) : Post-tsunami oceanographic conditions in southern Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Curr Sci 2006, 90(3), 421-7.
Physical oceanographic conditions along the east and west coasts of India immediately after the recent devastating tsunami are presented here. The thermocline in the southeast coast exhibited trivial downward tilt towards north. A mixed layer deepening (
5 illus, 16 ref
Mondal N C;Singh V S
001013 Mondal N C;Singh V S (NO, Natn Geophys Res Inst, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007) : Modelling for pollutant migration in the tannery belt, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India. Curr Sci 2005, 89(9), 1600-6.
Groundwater in and around Dindigul town in Tamil Nadu, India, is polluted due to discharge of untreated effluents from 80 functional tanneries. Total dissolved solids (TDS) in about 100 km2 area are observed ranging from 2000 to 30,573 mg/l in open dug wells. A mass transport model was constructed to study pollutant migration. The study area covering 240 km2 was chosen to construct the groundwater flow model in the weathered part of unconfined aquifer system. The shallow ground water potential field computed through the flow model was then used as input to the mass transport model. MT3D computer code was used to simulate mass transport in groundwater system. The mass transport model was calibrated with field observations. The available database was, however, quite sparse. Notwithstanding, efforts were made to arrive at reasonable guesstimates of the characteristic parameters. Sensitivity analysis, an integral part of calibration was carried out whereby model parameters, viz. transmissivity, dispersivity, etc. were altered slightly and the effect on calibration statistics was observed. Study clearly indicates that transmissivity plays a more sensitive role than dispersivity, indicating that the migration phenomenon is mainly through advection rather than dispersion. The study also indicated that even if the pollutant sources were reduced to 50% of the present level, TDS concentration level in the groundwater, even after 20 years, would not be reduced below 50% of present level.
6 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref
Jespin Ida C;Palavesam A;Santhanakumar G; Raj A D S
001012 Jespin Ida C;Palavesam A;Santhanakumar G; Raj A D S (Dep of Bot, Holy Cross Coll, Nagercoil-629 004, Email: george_ida@sancharnet.in) : Dynamics of phytoplankton in relation to limnological conditions of a perennial pond in Kanyakumari District, India. J theor expl Biol 2004, 1(1), 35-42.
Study was undertaken to assess the seasonal changes in phytoplankton population in relation to physical, chemical and biological characteristics of a perennial pond in Kanyakumari District fora period of one year (June 2000 to May 20001). During the study period altogether 56 species of phytoplankton belonging to 47 genera were identified under three dominant classes. The population density of phytoplankton showed variation during the study period. The tested physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon-di-oxide, nitrate and phosphate showed much variation. The water quality had a direct impact on abundance, species composition and stability of phytoplankton. The relationship between the population dynamics of phytoplankton and physicochemical parameters was analysed and discussed.
1 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref
Verma S C;Bhasin S K;Sharma S
000101 Verma S C;Bhasin S K;Sharma S (Phys Dep, M.M. Engng Coll, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana) : Time dependence of pollution load parameters through phytoremediation by water hyacinth against pulp and paper mill effluent. Eco Res J Biosci 2006, 5(1), 28-37.
A low cost natural treatment system for pollutant removal from pulp and paper mill effluent by Eichhornia crassipes was studied in the laboratory conditions. Bio-accumulation of the pollutants by water hyacinth was found to be time dependent. The aquatic plant possessed sufficient ability to phytoremediate the pulp and paper effluent specially in alkaline medium which was evident from the calculated values of phytoremediation absorption coefficient (μ) for some important physico-chemical parameters (pH, EC, Na, K, BOD, COD, TSS and TDS). With increase in time up to fifty days the pollution load decreased and thereafter an equilibrium state was attained. Effect of pH and EC on other pollution parameters has been investigated at different equal time intervals. The mean phytoremediation absorption coefficient is characteristic of pollution load parameter.
4 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref
Sonawane D S;Shrivastava V S
000100 Sonawane D S;Shrivastava V S (NO, Cent for P.G. Res in Chem, G.T.P. College, Nandurbir-425 412) : Hazardous metals in marine sediments and water. Chem envir Res 2004, 13(3-4), 221-6.
Marine sediments and water samples were collected from Girgaon Chaupati, Juhu Chaupati, Mumbai and Dumas, Surat respectively. The concentrator of hazardous metals like Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Ag, Hg, Fe, Cr, Mn, and Co were determined by ICP-AES. The concentration of these metals in marine sediments and water samples were found to be higher as compared to respective ISI and WHO standards. Besides the analysis for metals the physico-chemical characteristics of all the above samples were also determined by following APHA methods. The correlation and regression studies of some of the parameters have also been evaluated.
6 tables, 17 ref
Sinha R K;Sinha S;Ghosh A
000099 Sinha R K;Sinha S;Ghosh A (Sch of Envir Engng, Griffith Univ, Nathan Campus, Bribane, Queensland 4111, Australia) : Phytoremediation: the bioengineering technique for environmental management : a case study of the wonder grass vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides Linn. (Nash). Indian J envir Prot 2005, 25(11), 970-81.
Phytoremediation is a bioengineering technique to clean up contaminated lands/sites and water bodies, and stabilise the eroded sites using plants. The technology works through phytoextraction and phytoaccumulation, phytodegradation, rhizofiltration and plant assisted microbial degradation. A tropical grass vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides Linn (Nash)) have been found to withstand extreme temperatures from 10 to 48°C and grow in annual rainfall regions from 200-3000 mm; can tolerate very high acidity and alkalinity conditions (pH from 3.0 to 10.5) and high soil salinity (EC = 8 dScm), sodicity (ESP=33%) and magnesium. It can tolerate very high levels of heavy metals Al, Mn, Mg, As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Hg, Se, Zn and the herbicides and pesticides are very effectively remove them from the contaminated soil or waste and polluted water. VGT is now being globally used for remediation of contaminated landfill sites, stabilisation and rehabilitation of eroded mined lands and for wastewater treatment.
33 ref
Singh P K;Singh S;Mandol G C;Singh A K; Suresh Kumar;Singh K K;Barat A;Singh T B;Tewary B K
000098 Singh P K;Singh S;Mandol G C;Singh A K; Suresh Kumar;Singh K K;Barat A;Singh T B;Tewary B K (Geo-environment Div, Cent Min Res Inst, Environmental Management Group, Barwa Road, Dhanbad-826 001) : Environmental status in mining areas and strategy for making the nearby urban area green. Indian J envir Prot 2005, 25(11), 1012-15.
Presently, the scale of exploitation of mineral resources has surpassed all reasonable levels in our country. The anthropogenic impacts of these human activities on the geologic environment are crucial for environmental impairment. The greatest blow may soon be felt on aquatic environment with potable water becoming the most scarce mineral in the near future. Therefore, strategies based on the effective control system for management of the ecology together with conservation of the nature in any regions become all the more important. So, focuses on the basis issues of environmental degradation in mining areas and cited an approach in brief for making the nearby cities green.
10 ref
Shrivastava V S;Patil S S
000097 Shrivastava V S;Patil S S (G.T.P. Coll, Cent for P.G. Stud and Res in Chem, Nandurbar-425 412) : Impact of hazardous metals on surroundings environment. Indian J envir Prot 2005, 25(11), 1021-4.
Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometric (ICP-AES) and flamephotometric studies were carried out to detect the concentration of metals, namely Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, Hg, As, Cr, Ca, Mg, Na, and K in distillery, pulp and paper and textile, dying and printing industrial effluents. To see the impact of these effluents on surrounding environment some nearby groundwater (wells and hand pumps) and soil samples which were irrigated by these effluents were collected and analysed for the same hazardous metals.
2 tables, 9 ref
Sharma S K;Bhandari S;Bhardwaj K R
000096 Sharma S K;Bhandari S;Bhardwaj K R (NO, Haryana St Pollution Control Bd, Panch Kula, Haryana) : Air pollution in three towns of Haryana. Eco Res J Biosci 2006, 5(1), 38-45.
Air pollutants of three towns (Faridabad, Yamuna Nagar and Panipat) of Haryana state has been presented. During the investigation, efforts have been made to find out the status of air pollution in terms of most commonly polluting agents i.e. SPM, S2 and N2 to provide base line air quality data to plan a comprehensive programme for Haryana state for abating air pollution. Perusal of present results reveals that at least one pollutant is exceeding the standard limits at any given point of time in all the locations under study. Suspended particulate matter is observed to be a major problem in industrial and residential areas of the towns under monitoring. However, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide showed low to moderate levels of pollution.
7 tables, 20 ref
Sharma M R;Gupta A B
000095 Sharma M R;Gupta A B (NO, Irrigation and Public Hlth Dep, M -26 Housing Board Colony, Hamirpur-177 001) : High self - purification in streams of Himalayas. Indian J envir Prot 2005, 25(11), 1006-11.
Hathli is a sub-tributary of river Beas in outer Himalayas. It is getting polluted due to wastewater of Hamirpur town. The pollution impact is severest in the low flow months. A surface water quality model, stream-1, developed for Ganga Action Plan was calibrated for one set of data collected freshly with regard to dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the model was verified for another set of data to forecast the effect of pollution control measures required. The study revealed that the self-purification factor for this hilly streams in outer Himalayas is much higher than the values reported in available literature for major rivers of the world. The paper highlights the various reasons responsible for high self-purification of this Himalayan stream.
2 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref
Shahbano;Iqbal N
000094 Shahbano;Iqbal N (NO, Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) Univ, Bhopal-462 023) : Bacterial count M.P.N. as pollution indicator, in Shahpura Lake of Bhopal (India). Curr Wld Envir 2006, 1(1), 85-7.
Most probable number (MPN) of bacteria shows the pollution load in water resources i.e. Shahpura Lake water. The widespread danger associated with drinking water is bacterial contamination by sewage and other organic wastes. Coliforms are microbial indicator of drinking water pollution. Hence, MPN count is investigated by multiple tube technique. WHO (1979) recommended MPN 10/100 ml is fit for human consumption in the study MPN count /100 ranged from 742/100 ml. Coliforms are recognised as microbial indicator of drinking water. Hence, systematic monitoring and hacteriological analysis becomes important for public health and hygiene and is valuable for water management for water ecosystem and biodiversity.
1 table, 13 ref
Sao A;Pillai A;Gupta V K
000093 Sao A;Pillai A;Gupta V K (Chem Dep, Govt. Y.V.T. Coll, Durg) : A sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrite using phloroglucinol in various environmental samples. Chem envir Res 2004, 13(3-4), 195-207.
Sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrite, a very common pollutant at ppm level is described. Proposed method is based on Greiss reaction. Nitrite reacts with p-aminoacetophenone and forms diazonium cation in acidic medium, which is subsequently coupled with phloroglucinol to form yellow orange dye in alkaline medium having an absorption maxima at 430 nm. The dye is stable and extractable in n-butanol. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0.8 to 8.0 μg per 25 ml of nitrite solution in aqueous medium and 0.1 to 1.0 μg per 100 ml of nitrite solution in extractive system. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 1.045 x 105 l mol-1 cm-1 and 0.00044 μg cm-1 respectively. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of nitrite in polluted water and soil.
3 tables, 16 ref
Rai M;Shrivastava R M
000092 Rai M;Shrivastava R M (Chem Dep, Unique Coll, Bhopal-462 003) : Metallic status in and around Chopan river, Raghogarh. Curr Wld Envir 2006, 1(1), 91-3.
Assessment of metals in groundwater and surface water of different stations in and around Chopan river of Raghogarh, Madhya Pradesh has been carried out in the year (2004). Work was conducted to evaluate four metals i.e. Copper, Iron, Zinc and Lead from four tube wells and six stations at Chopan river. It was found that the values of Iron metal were higher at some stations particularly near the study area i.e. Fertiliser industry.
2 tables, 8 ref
Radhey Shayam;Joshi B D;Bhatt D
000091 Radhey Shayam;Joshi B D;Bhatt D (Deptt. of Zool and environmental Sci, Gurukul Kangri Univ, Haridwar-249 404) : A random study of some physico-chemical parameters of effluents at ETP of Rampur distillery, Rampur (U.P.). Himalayan J Envir Zool 2005, 19(2), 199-201.
Describes some physico-chemical parameters of effluents at effIuents treatment plant of Rampur distillery, Rampur during January - February 2003. The values of Temp., TSS, TDS, COD and Sulphates shows a sharp fall by 44.07%, 91.57%, 92.62%, 89.05% and 93.23% respectively, while mean values for pH, VFA and alkalinity increased after secondary treatment, as compared to the pretreatment values.
1 table, 6 ref