023975   KUMAR A, YADAV K (, Hansi- 125 033, Email: kokilayadav1@gmail.com) : Forest cover change detection analysis of district Panchkula, Haryana. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 752-6.

The present study has analysis of various types of forest density cover of district cover of district Panchkula. This study based on primary and secondary data. Supervised classification and NDVI method have been used for detection of forest cover changes with the help of Landsat ETM+(2001) and Landsat-8(2011) satellite data. Satellite data was digitally classified and various land use classes has identified. A supervised classification was performed on two multi-temporal satellite imageries and a total of eight major land use and land cover (LULC) classes were identified and mapped. Satellite images were classified based on the NDVI threshold values and the results show that the highest forest change found near the Panchkula city due to the urbanization and population growth. By using post-classification techniques, from 2001 to 2011 the forest cover has decreased by an amount of 3,660.37 ha representing 4.17%. Total area under forest in the district is 38400 ha which is about 42.76% of the total geographical area (89,800 ha) of the district Main tress found in the district are Eucalyptus, Kikar, Shisham, Neem. Decrease in vegetation has been as a result of anthropogenic activities in the study area.

6 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

023974   GURJAR B, SAHOO P K, KUMAR A, KUSHWAHA H L (Agricultural Engineering Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110 012, Email: gurjar.bholuram@gmail.com) : Precision metering system design for variable rate granular fertilizer applicator. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 746-51.

A variable rate fertilizer metering mechanism was designed by changing the speed of the feed shaft. A microcontroller unit programmed with a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) motor driver was used to run the feed shaft at varying speed. Two types of fluted rollers (straight and helical flutes) were used with varying numbers of flutes having same volume for each flute. The physical properties of di ammonium phosphate and single super phosphate granules were measured. The geometrical mean diameter of DAP and SSP were 4.48 ±0.28 mm and 3.76±0.33, respectively. There were no significant differences between helical and straight fluted roller with varying numbers of flutes (6 and 8) for discharge rate. The discharge rate of SSP fertilizer was significantly higher than that of DAP.

5 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

023973   SOLANKI R B, YADAV L R, GUPTA A, VERMA H P (Agronomy Dep, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture Univ, Jobner- 303 329, Email: radhikasolanki100@gmail.com) : Performance of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.)Taub] varieties with foliar application of Iron. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 742-5.

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season 2014-15 to assess effect of foliar application of iron and to evaluate performance of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] varieties. The twenty treatment combinations consisting of five clusterbean varieties (RGC-986, RGC- 1003, RGC-1033 RGC-1055 and RGC-1066) and foliar sprays treatment of 0.5% FeSO₄ (control, branching, flowering and branching + flowering) were tested in randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that variety RGC-1033 proved significantly superior and economically profitable compared to rest of varieties in respect of dry matter accumulation, growth indices like CGR, RGR and LAI, pods/ plant, seeds/pod and test weight. Similarly, the seed yield (1816 kg/ha), stover yield (3787 kg/ha) and biological yield (5602 kg/ha) were also significantly higher with variety RGC-1033. Results further indicated that growth and yield proved economically beneficial with foliar application of iron over control.

2 tables, 9 ref

023972   BEHERA R D, SARANGI C , MOHAPATRA S C (KVK, , Malkangiri- 764 045, Email: crsarangi2014@yahoo.com) : Adoptability of N management in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to mitigate the ill effects of climate Change. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 739-41.

Rice is the staple food of India feeding over 70% of its population. Heat wave or extreme temperature events are projected to become more intense, more frequent and last longer. Some varieties do not switch over to reproductive phase due to extreme thermal stress. Nitrogen management plays a great role for this change. LCC is a very useful tool in determining this need of rice. Three N management practices T₁-80-40-40 N, P₂O₅ and K₂O kg ha^-1, T₂-Soil test based NPK and T₃-N as per LCC and P₂O₅, K₂O as soil test based in RBD were compared as to their effect on rice along with their biomass C fixation capacity and ability to reduce atmospheric CO₂ reduction and profitability in a field experiment at seven locations. The treatment N as per LCC and P₂O₅, K₂O as soil test based produced the maximum adoptability features.

1 table, 3 ref

023971   MOHAPATRA A K B, PRADHAN K C (All India Network Research Project on Tobocco, Orissa Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Odisha- 761 001, Email: araymohapatra@gmail.com) : Effect of nitrogen and potasium levels on yield, quality, nutrient uptake and economics of pikka tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in Odisha. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 735-8.

A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 2010–2012 to study the effect of four levels e.g. 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha of nitrogen and four levels e.g. 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha of potassium on growth, yield, cured leaf quality, nutrient uptake and economics of Pikka tobacco. Among the 16 treatment combinations 120-40-90 kg N-P₂O₅-K₂O/ha recorded tobacco leaves having the maximum length and breadth, maximum number of leaves/plant, cured leaf yield kg/ha, quality leaves having, desirable levels of nicotine, reducing sugar and chloride content which was at par with 80-40-60 kg N-P₂O₅-K₂O/ha. But considering the economics, application of 80-40-60 kg N-P₂O₅-K₂O/ha has the highest net return of Rs 32,125/ha with benefit : cost ratio of 1.95.

2 tables, 6 ref

023970   SAINI H, BALODA S, SHARMA J R, VIJAY (Horticulture Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar- 125 004, Email: sainihemant721@gmail.com) : Effect of heading back and pinching on quality and yield of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) under high density plantation in semi-arid conditions of north western India. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 730-4.

A field study to investigate the effect of heading back and pinching on yield and yield parameters of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) under High Density Plantation was carried out during the year 2014- 15. There were two treatments i.e. heading back and pinching. Heading back at the level of 150, 175 and 200 cm was done in the month of March and compared with control (no heading back). Pinching i.e. no pinching, one pinching (in last week of June), two pinchings (in last week of June and July) and three pinchings (in last week of June, July and August) were done on the headed backed plants. The study revealed that all the treatments were effective in increasing the quality, yield and yield parameters, however, heading back at the level of 200 cm and two pinchings were found most effective in increasing average fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit length, fruit breadth, total sugar, ascorbic acid, pectin content and yield over control and other treatments. Total soluble solids and fruit acidity was not influenced due to different treatments.

10 tables, 14 ref

023969   SUNIL, THIPPAIAH M, JAYARAM C S (Agricultural Entomology Dep, GKVK, Bengaluru- 560 065, Email: rathodsunil915@gmail.com) : Population estimation and seasonal incidence of minor insect pests of bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 724-9.

A field experiment was conducted during 2014-15 in kharif and rabi seasons to document the population estimation and seasonal incidence of minor insects pests on bitter gourd (Momordicacharantia L.). The study revealed 24 species of insect pests were found attacking the crop at different growth stages ; they belonged to five different Orders viz., Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptora, Lepidoptera and Diptera. Along with insect pests five different species of predators also found. Population estimation and seasonal incidence tabulated and calculated on sucking pests and defoliators. In kharif, higher mean population was leafhoppers (0.65) and lower mean population was leaf minor and ash weevil (0.01). Similarly, in rabi season higher mean population aphids (3.86) and lower mean population was leaf miner, Epilachna beetle and plant bugs (0.01). Incidence of insect pests in kharif, only leaf miner showed negatively significance at (r = – 0.86). In rabi, maximum temperature with insect pests recorded significant positive correlation, but insect pests with other parameters showed negative correlation. Out come of both seasons varied unlikely with weather parameters.

6 tables, 7 ref

023968   MISHRA K N, TRIPATHY B, ROUL P K, DASH S N (Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Orissa Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneshwar- 751 003, Email: khiturajprav@yahoo.co.uk) : Soil microbial properties as affected by short -term contrasting till ages and cropping systems in a rainfed agro-ecosystem of northern Odisha. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 717-23.

Conservation agriculture (CA) has been proposed as a portential system for improving soil organicc matter and microbial attributes in the rainfed agro-ecosystem under the hilly tracts of North Odisha and the impact was assessed after 3^rd cropping cycle. the treatments comprised of conventional tillage(CT) and minimum tillage (MT) with sole maize (M) and inter crop maize†cowpea (M†C) in main-plots during wet season and horsegram (H), Toria mustard (T) and no cover crop(NCC) in sub-plots during dry season. Residue buildup and reduced soil disturbance in MT elevated the SOC (+27.9%+ 15.2%, MBC(+115.1%,+66.5%), population of bacteria (+61.2%,+23.0%), fungi(+36.8%,+28.2%) and actinomycetes (+34.6%,+25.3%) over the initial status in the layers of 0-5 and 5-10cm. The microbial quotient in MT soils (2.03%) was more than CT soils(1.53%) and solis under cover crops(1.83%) was higher than that of NCC(1.68%) in the surface layers(0-5 cm). The metabolic quotient in soil under MT was 37.0 and 21.4% lower than the soils under CT in top two layers indicating more efficient microbial community in MT soils. These soil microbial properties were shown to be sensitive indicators of long- term tillage management under rainfed agro-ecosystem.

2 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

023967   KUMARI B, PRAKASH S, KUMAR R (Bihar Agricultural Univ, Bhagalpur- 813 210, Email: suraj_prakashsingh@yahoo.com) : Effect of etiolation and plant growth substances on success, survival and growth behavior of air layers of Guava (Psidium guajava L.). Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 712-6.

The experiment was conducted in the horticulture garden in 2011-12. The design of experiment was randomized block design with three replications. The experiment comprised twelve treatments including control. The symbol and treatment detail is are as follows : T₁ – Control, T₂ – Etiolation, T₃ – NAA @ 3000 ppm, T₄ – NAA @ 6000 ppm, T₅ – NAA @ 3000 ppm + etiolation, T₆ – IBA @ 3000 ppm, T₇ – IBA @ 6000 ppm, T₈– IBA @ 3000 ppm + etiolation, T₉ –NAA @ 3000 ppm + IBA @ 3000 ppm, T₁₀ – NAA @ 3000 ppm + IBA @ 6000 ppm, T₁₁ – NAA @ 6000 ppm+ IBA @ 3000 ppm and T12 – NAA @ 6000 ppm + IBA@ 6000 ppm. Maximum success (94.66%) was obtained with etiolation followed by application of IBA@ 3000 ppm concentration, which was statistically at par with T₅ (91.33%) and T₇ (88.33%). Whereas, controli.e., T₁ showed 54.33% success in air-layers. Etiolation followed by application of growth regulators i.e., IBA @ 3000 ppm showed the maximum number and length of primary roots i.e., 15.75 and 11.62 cm. However, the lowest length of primary roots was measured in control (T₁) i.e., 4.00 and 6.69 cm respectively The best treatment in respect of survivability was T₈ (etiolation + IBA @ 3000 ppm) which showed maximum survival (78.33%). Next effective treatment was T₅ (etiolation + NAA @ 3000 ppm) with 75.90% survival of air-layers in nursery.

2 tables, 7 ref

023966   BISWAL G, DHAL N K (Plant Pathology Dep, Coll of Agriculture, Bhubaneshwar, Email: gayatribiswal1965@gmail.com) : Sero-diagnosis of bacterial pathogens associated with rotted potato tubers. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 708-11.

Studies were conducted in 2010-2011 on serological detection methods for identification of bacterial pathogens associated with rotted potato tubers. One hundred and two numbers of rotten potato tubers of variety Kufri Jyoti were collected from freshly harvested lot Tubers were out down to two equal halves and categorized into 6 groups, on the basis of internal symptoms exhibited. The association of two bacterial species were assayed following tube agglutination test using the known antiserum for each bacterium, Ralstonia solanacearum and Pectobacterium carotovorum. It was revealed that Ralstonia solanacearum could be found associated exclusively in 54.10% of diseased tubers of symptom showing brownish discoloration along the vascular region. Similarly, exclusive association of P.carotovorum could be detected in 87.50% of the rotten tubers of symptom showing soft rotten tissues extending towards center without brownish discoloration. In other categories both the test bacterium was found to be associated either singly or as mixture. Least bacterial infection due to P. carotovorum (12.5%) was observed in symptoms showing dry tissues with cavities surrounded with soft tissues around. It was very quicker detection methodology which could revealed the percentage of bacterial pathogen association within two to three hours after testing.

4 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

023965   SUJATHA M, UPPAR D S, DESHPANDE V K, NAWALAGATTI C M (Seed Science & Technology Dep, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad- 580 005, Email: sujumanjunath@gmail.com) : Seed hardening, nipping and foliar spray of cycocel on growth, yield and quality of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 703-7.

Present investigation was undertaken in order to know the effect of seed hardening, nipping and foliar spray of cycocel on growth and seed yield in chickpea. The experiment was conducted during rabi 2013-14. The results revealed that the seed hardening with CaCl₂ (2%) + foliar spray of cycocel (500 ppm) at 45 DAS recorded lesser plant height (38.45 cm), more number of branches per plant (26.10), number of pods per plant (38.84), number of seeds per pod (1.48), 100 seed weight (25.042 g), seed yield per plot (1.38 kg) and per hectare (1274.31 kg) as compared to other treatments. The seed quality parameters such as germination (99.33%), root length (21.50 cm), shoot length (12.70 cm), vigor index (3273) and dry weight of seedlings were significantly higher in the treatment of seed hardening with CaCl₂ (2%) + foliar spray of cycocel (500 ppm) at 45 DAS (395.90 g).

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

023964   NARSIMHAIAH L, SATHISH G, SOUMYABRATA C, VEERENDRAPATEEL L, SATHISH Y, DIKESHWAR N (Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur- 741 252, Email: lakshmi.narasimhaiah1988@gmail.com) : Methane emission from wetland paddy fields and its forecasting for India and China. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 696-702.

Methane is a trace gas, which is once among the major contributor for global warming by capturing outgoing radiation from earth. According to a report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Methane’s global warming potential on mass basis is nearly around 28 times more than that of carbon dioxide [CO₂] over the 100 year time horizon. Methane is formed in anaerobic condition by methanogenic bacteria both by natural phenomena and human practices. Water logged paddy cultivation is a major source of anthropogenic factors in methane emission from agriculture sector. India and China are the top countries which are producing rice to feed their growing population and hence thereby emitting more methane in recent times. Forecasting methane emission for these two countries from their cultivated paddy fields can be made by using ARIMA (0,1,1) model, which fitted best for these countries using time series data from FAO statistics. The Model fitted, forecast methane emission value for the year 2020 to 4782.73 and 5413.41 Giga grams per year for India and China respectively. It was also observed that China will be the major emitter relatively as compared to India for the projection period considered. It was also noticed that the methane emission values is expected to increase over forecasting period for both China and India. The present investigation is a modest attempt to forecast the emission of methane using ARIMA modeling technique. The results are alarming and should take the attention of policy makers in China and India.

1 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

023963   KAD V P, DHEMRE J K, NIMBALKAR C A, PATIL A P (Horticulture Dep, MPKV, Rahuri, Email: vikramkad2014@gmail.com) : Utilization of solar dryer for drying of cashew Kernels. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 691-5.

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is one of the important tropical crops. It is called as the“poor man’s crop, rich man’s food”. Processing of cashewnut is the recovery of the kernel (edible meat portion) from raw nuts by mechanical or manual means. It consists of moisture conditioning, roasting, shelling, drying, peeling, grading and packing. The drying process removes moisture and helps in the preservation of the product. In open sun drying the disadvantages associated are that process is slow and insects, dusts may get mixed with the product.The use of solar dryer helps to climinate theses disadvantages. Drying is done faster and in controlled fashion by keeping quality of products. Shelled kernels were dried in direct solar dryer using solar energy for a single day for five hours. The experiment was carried out to study the utilization of solar energy for cashew kernel drying. The cashew kernels treated at 1100 °C for 20 minutes gives best organoleptic properties when it is dried in solar dryer for five hours gives best results. Solar drying can be successfully used for cashew kernel drying by using solar dryer. It is less expensive and helps in increasing the quality enrichment of the cashew kernels.

3 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

023962   BAMBHANEEYA S M, TRIPATHI S (Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari- 396450, Email: s.m.bambhaniya@gmail.com) : Preparation of enriched biochar compost through proliferation of aerobic complex microrganisms from farm waste materials. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 685-90.

Recent interests in addition of enriched biochar to soil has many environmental and agricultural benefits, including waste reduction, energy production, carbon sequestration, water resource protection, and soil improvement. As a not fully understood newer concept, adding biochar as a bulking agent to animal manure composting has the potential to enhance the performance of composting process. The result indicated that the addition of biochar to the composting process does not improve the quality of compost as well as it increases the cost of production. The compost-A prepared with subabul is superior over rest of the other prepared composts. However if subabul can be utilized as a livestock fodder in that case the compost-B prepared with Gliricidia can be considered as a good alternative.

5 tables, 13 ref

023961   FIRDOUS S, AGARWAL B K, KUMAR A, WADOOD A, SHAHI D K (Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Birsa Agricultural Univ, Ranchi-834006, Email: sdf.ssac@gmail.com) : Boron translocation study in terms of its content at different growth stages in rice. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 681-4.

A field study was conducted to evaluate boron concentration and its translocation in rice at different growth stages in various plant parts during kharif of 2012 and 2013. The recommended dose of N, P and K (80 : 40 : 30 kg ha^–1) was applied in combination with four levels of boron (0, 1, 1.5 and 1 kg B ha^–1 + 2 foliar sprays of 0.2% Borax at tillering and before flowering). The highest B concentration was observed under the treatment 1 kg B ha^–1 + 2 foliar spray of 0.2% borax at tillering and pre flowering stages in all the plant parts at all the stages. The magnitude of B concentration (mg kg^–1) in different plant parts was found in order of upper leaf < lower leaf < stem at pre flowering stage whereas at panicle initiation stage the highest B concentration was recorded in lower leaf in an order of lower leaf > stem > middle leaf > upper leaf > panicle. At maturity the highest B concentration was recorded in straw followed by husk and brown rice. From the observed trend, it is inferred that the translocation of B remains maximum towards the lower most part of the plant and in a decreasing manner towards the sink (panicle/grain).

1 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

023960   BOMMESH J C, VETHAMONI P I, KUMAR S, NAGARAJU K, GOUDAR R, PANDAV A K (Vegetable Crops Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: bommesh.jc@icar.gov.in) : Effect of boron levels on physiology and quality characters of greenhouse Parthenocarpic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 676-80.

An experiment conducted to examine the effect of boron on physiology of plant, and quality attributes of parthenocarpic cucumber produced in greenhouse with the soil application of boron at the rate of 1.5 kg ha^–1 along with foliar spray of 0.25% boric acidon 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS). It was found to impart significant influence on for chlorophyll-A, chlorophyll-B, total chlorophyll, leaf area, IAA oxidase enzyme activity, ascorbic acid, flesh thickness and moisture content of the fruit. Whereas soil application of 1 kg ha^–1 of boron with foliar spray of boric acid @ 0.25% on 30 and 45 DAS differed significantly for highest calcium content and shelf life of fruit. Plants sprayed with 0.25% of boric acid had found to be higher fruit firmness. Total soluble solids (TSS) of the fruit found to be higher in soil application of 1 kg ha^–1 of boron along with the foliar spray of 0.50% boric acid on 30 and 45 DAS. The highest total dry matter content of the fruit significantly differed for 1.5 kg ha^–1 boron with 0.5% boric acid spray on 30 and 45 DAS. However, in several treatment combinations, the application of boron at the rate of 1.5 kg ha^–1 along with the foliar spray of 0.25% boric acid found to be optimum for production of best quality parthenocarpic fruits under tropical greenhouse condition.

3 tables, 17 ref

023959   PAVITHRA S, BENAGI V I (Plant Pathology Dep, Coll of Agriculture, Dharwad- 580 005, Email: pavithra4157@gmail.com) : In-vitro evaluation of fungicides, botanicals and bioagents against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz.and Sacc., the causal agent of Anthracnose disease of Pomegranate. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 671-5.

Anthracnose of pomegranate is a very serious disease which affects quality of fruit. Five non-systemic, seven systemic and combi products and bioagents along with ten botanicals were evaluated in vitro against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agent of anthracnose of pomegranate. Non systemic fungicides Captan, Antracol at 0.3%, systemic fungicide Iprobenfos at 0.1% and a combiproducts, Carboxin + Thiram, Hexaconazol + Zineb, Hexaconazole + Captan and Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin (0.1 %) gave cent per cent inhibition of pathogen. Among fungal antagonists, Trichoderma viride and bacterial antagonists, Pseudomonas fluorescens inhibited the maximum mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides. Bulb of garlic, rhizome of turmeric and root powder of asafoetida extract at 15% concentration gave higher level of inhibition.

5 tables, 6 ref

023958   POUDEL P P, SINGH R S, SINGH M N, SAROJ S K (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Institute of Agricultural Science, Varanasi- 221 005, Email: singhrscoh@gmail.com) : EMS induced variability, frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.). Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 666-70.

Two genotypes of pigeonpea namely, MA 156 and MAL 13 were treated with three different concentrations of EMS (0.01M, 0.015M and 0.02M) to validate induced variability frequency and chlorophyll mutations. Germination of treated seed varied from 71% in MAL 13 (at 0.02M) to 88% in MA 156 (at 0.01M) in laboratory condition. Average root and shoot length was highest at lower dose (0.01M) and lowest at higher doses (0.02M) in both the genotypes. The highest frequency of chlorophyll mutants (3.31%) were observed at 0.015 M in MAL 13, followed by 2.73% at 0.015M in MA 156 and lowest (0.72%) 0.01M in MA 156. Mutagenic efficiency and mutagenic effectiveness were also higher at 0.015M in MAL 13.Chlorophyll mutations like, albino, xantha, chlorina and viridis were observed.

3 tables, 15 ref

023957   BABALESHWAR S B, SHETTY G R, SHIVAKUMAR H J, NADUKERI S (Plantation Dep, Coll of Horticulture, Mudigere- 577 132, Email: sunanda08hort645@gmail.com) : Influence of integrated nutrient management on growth and physiological attributes of Kasuri Methi (Trigonella corniculata L.) under hill zone of Karnataka. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 661-5.

An experiment was conducted during winter season of 2013-14 to assess the influence of integrated nutrient management on growth and physiological attributes of kasuri methi (Trigonella corniculata L.) under hill zone of Karnataka. Growth parameters differed significantly at all the stages of crop growth. At 90 DAS and at harvest, maximum plant height (42.81 and 45.64 cm), number of leaves (58.89 and 86.05), number of branches (23.51 and 25.64), plant spread (NS 28.20 & 30.14, EW 29.01 and 30.47 cm) respectively, were recorded in the treatment supplied with 75% N+ RD PK + FYM (7.5 t ha-1) + Rhizobium (1.5t ha^-1) + Azospirillum (5 kg ha^-1) + PSB (5 kg ha^-1). Maximum leaf area (414.27 cm²), leaf area index (1.38), chlorophyll content (21.44 mg/100 mg of tissue), AGR (0.26 g/day), CGR (9.23 g/m²/day) were recorded in the same treatment, This was followed by the treatment supplied with 50% N+ RD PK + FYM (7.5 t ha^-1) + Rhizobium (1.5 kg ha^-1) + Azospirillum (5 kg ha^-1) + PSB (5 kg ha^-1). It was observed that integrated nutrient management significantly helped to improve growth and physiological attributes of kasuri methi.

3 tables, 11 ref

023956   SHASHIDHAR K R, NARAYANSWAMY T K, KRISHNA K S, BHASKAR R N (ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kolar, Karnataka, Email: sericulture2014@gmail.com) : Organic based nitrogen nutritional management on growth and foliar Constituents of S₃₆ mulberry (Morus indica L.) under Irrigated Condition. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 656-60.

An investigation was carried out to know the effect of different types of organic based nutrients on S₃₆ mulberry under irrigated condition. The pooled data of four crops revealed that mulberry raised with 100% Recommended N through 20% each of Compost + Glyricidia maculate + Castorcake + Vermicompost and Urea + 10 kg each of Azospirillum brasilense + Aspergillus awamori Bio-fertilizer + remaining P, K through chemical fertilizers (T₈) recorded significantly maximum plant height (51.99 and 104.82 cm), highest number of shoots per plant (12.76 and 14.46) and more number of leaves per plant (96.29 and 119.12) on 30^th and 60^th day after pruning. Leaf yield per plant and hectare was maximum in T₈ (327.62 g/ plant and 45.45 tonnes/hr/yr). However, these parameters were lowest in 100% Recommended N through Neemcake + 10 kg each of A. brasilense + A. awamori Bio-fertilizer + remaining P and K kg/ha/year through chemical fertilizer (T₅) (44.25 and 82.69 cm, plant height), (8.16 and 9.76, number of shoots/plant) and (66.17 and 90.88, number of leaves/plant) on 30th and 60th day after pruning and the lowest fresh leaf yield (235.01 g/plant and 32.60 tones/ha) on 60^th day after pruning. Similarly, highest leaf moisture (72.98%), chlorophyll ‘a’ (1.85 mg/g), chlorophyll ‘b’ (0.80 mg/ g), total chlorophyll (2.55 mg/g), crude protein (20.15%), total soluble protein (10.44%) and total soluble sugar (13.02%) contents in S₃₆ mulberry leaves was recorded in T₈. Whereas, all these quality parameters of mulberry was recorded lowest in T₅.

2 tables, 13 ref

023955   RAGHAVENDRA P, PAVAN M P, PUJAR M S, GANGAPRASAD S (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Coll of Agriculture, Shivamogga- 577 225, Email: pavanmpgubbi@gmail.com) : Morphological characterization of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) landraces of southern transitional zone of karnataka under organic conditions. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 650-5.

The present investigation was conducted under organic condition. The material for the present study comprised of 19 land races of brinjal collected in southern transitional zone of karnataka. Observations were recorded on 21 qualitative traits viz stem anthocyanin coloration, leaf margin type, leaf blistering,color of leaf blade, leaf vein, flower, stigma, style, anther, fruit and thorns; number of thorns on calyx, stem and leaves; plant growth habit, size of the flower, fruiting habit, shape of fruit, fruit apex; fruit stripes, glossiness at harvest maturity and six quantitative traits viz., plant height, leaf length, petiole length, leaf width, fruit length, stalk length. Results revealed the presence of considerable variability for most of the qualitative and quantitative traits. The land race 'Thailand badane' has thorns all over the plant which could be exploited in the improvement for biotic stresses. The characterization of landraces helps in varietal identification, conservation and protection of germplasm. Since these are the treasure mines for valuable biotic and abiotic genes, they could be exploited in different breeding programs for development of biotic and abiotic stress resistant varieties for sustainainable yield coupled with good fruit qualities.

1 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref

023954   RAMTEKE N, SANTRA A K (Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kawardha, Chattisgarh- 491 995, Email: dr.tanu68@gmail.com) : Effect of storage methods and periods on internal quality indicator of Kalinga brown chicken eggs. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 646-9.

The effect of storage methods and periods on the internal quality indicator of Kalinga Brown chicken eggs was examined. The traits were egg weight, percent egg weight loss, albumen height, albumen index, yolk height, yolk index and Haugh unit. In this experiment a total of 90 fresh eggs from vanaraja breed were used. The storage periods were 5, 10 and 15 days while the methods were untreated eggs, thermostabilization, lime sealing and oil coating at room temperature (40^oC). This study indicated that as the storage time increased, egg weight, albumen height, yolk height, albumen index, yolk index and Haugh unit significantly decreased. Albumen index egg quality indicator was significantly decreased at 5 days (6.54%), 10 days (4.97%) and 15 days (3.71%) of storage period. Storage method showed a significant difference between eggs stored at room temperature. Oil coated eggs maintained better quality in terms of albumen height (4.5 mm), yolk height (16.2 mm), albumen index (5.6%), yolk index (36.7%) and Haugh unit (74) than untreated, thermostabilized and lime sealed egg at room temperature. It evident from the study that most of egg qualities are effected by methods and periods of storage.

2 tables, 12 ref

023953   GOMATHI G, MALARKODI K, ANANTHI M (Seed Science & Technology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Email: ananthiagri87@gmail.com) : Evaluation of blackgram seed viability through accelerated ageing test. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 642-5.

The study has been carried out by exposing blackgram seeds to accelerated ageing test (45 × ^oC and 100% relative humidity) for 0 to 8 days. The evaluation of seed vigor was obtained by comparing aged seeds to un-aged (control) seeds. The results revealed that, a progressive decline in germination percent with increasing ageing period (from 98% in control to 66% after 8 days). However, reduction of germination percent was coincided with the reduction of seed quality parameters. As a conclusion, six days of accelerated ageing was equivalent to nine months of natural storage at the time maintained the germination above Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards.

2 tables, 8 ref

023952   SINGH A K, SINGH R N, KUMAR T, GOSWAMI R G (Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur- 492 012, Email: ashish.ashish.singh240@gmail.com) : Effect of fly ash combination with inorganic fertilizer and FYM on micronutrient availability and heavy metal accumulation in entisol. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 638-41.

Field experiment were conducted in farmer field around National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Tilda, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) during kharif season of 2013 to evaluate different doses of fly ash (20, 40, 60 t ha^-1) combination with and without organic fertilizer on micronutrient (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe) and heavy metal (Co, Pb, Ni, Cr) content in soil. Application of increasing doses fly ash with FYM was found to increase micronutrient availability and the highest recorded under application of 75% GRD +40 t ha^-1 fly ash + 5 t FYM ha^-1 and tended to marginal decrease micronutrient content 60 t fly ash ha^-1. Increasing trend of micronutrients in soil due to application of fly ash were recorded, the permissible limits. Metal content in soil increased with increase application of ash that the concentrations of trace elements of crops. Higher soil heavy metal content of soil recorded in fly ash applied without organic fertilizer. Concentration of heavy metals in soils increased due to application of fly ash @ 60 t ha^-1. However, the combined application of fly ash 20 t fly ash ha^-1 with FYM resulted in lower concentration. The analysis of fly ash amendment soils and the produce rice grown, the concentration level of heavy metal element are well within the permissible and safe limit even after the application of fly ash at higher dose 40 t ha^-1 to the soil.

2 tables, 12 ref

023951   YADAV G R, SRIVASTAVA P, MISHRA V K, RAJVEER, CHAUHAN D (Entomology and Agricultural Zoology Dep, Institute of Agricultural Science, Varanasi- 221 005, Email: premvijaybhu@gmail.com) : Diversity of insect fauna associated with cowpea crop ecosystem. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 630-7.

A total of 33 species of insects belonging to 11 different orders and 30 families were encountered from cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) at Pantnagar during Zaid and kharif season of the year 2014-15. Among the various insect pests of cowpea, the cowpea thrips (Megalurothrips sp.) and cowpea pod borer (Maruca vitrata Fabricius) have been recorded as the most prevalent species and caused significant damage and natural enemies are associated with cowpea crop ecosystem.

2 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

023950   DURGADEVI D, SANKARALINGAM A, PRABHU S (Plant Pathology Dep, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, Email: devi.agri18@gmail.com) : Prevalence and characterization of Lasiodiplodia Theobromae–An emerging disease of Tuberose in Tamilnadu. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 625-9.

A survey was conducted to assess the occurrence of peduncle blight of tuberose at Madurai and Dindugal districts of Tamilnadu State. Tuberose was found to exhibit blossom blight followed by peduncle dieback starting from the tip, and leaf blight at the tips. Though Lasiodiplodia theobromae is an ubiquitous pathogen, its occurrence on tuberose is a new record, Peduncle blight in the area was observed with an incidence up to 43%. When infection occurred on blossoms it led to a total loss of flower buds. Several pycnidia were observed over the infected spike. The causal organism was identified based on spore morphology and confirmed further by Indian type culture collection. The survey resulted in a wide range of infection and severity of peduncle blight in major tuberose growing areas. Peduncle blight caused more damage to flowers which adversely affected the yield and quality.

3 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

023949   MOINUDDIN G (RRS, BCKV, Jhargham, Email: moinuddin777@rediffmail.com) : Effect of different methods of potassium application on boro paddy at red and lateritic zones of West Bengal. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 621-4.

A field experiment was conducted at RRS, Jhargram, BCKV during boro 2014 to study the effect of different methods of potassic fertilizer application on yield of boro paddy. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plant height at different days, tillers per heel, grain yield, straw yield, test weight were recorded. Foliar application of KCl along with soil application significantly influenced the yield components. The treatments were T₁-Soil application of KCl@45kg/ha along with 22.5 kg/ha during second top dressing, T₂-Soil application of KCl@22.5 kg/ha at basal, first and second top dressing respectively, T₃-Soil application of KCl@45kg/ ha along with two nos. foliar application of KCl @ 1% during second top dressing at seven days interval, T₄-Soil application of KCl@45kg/ha along with two nos foliar application of KCl @ 1% at 7 days intervals during first and second top dressing, T₅- Soil application of KCl @ 45kg/ha at basal along with foliar spray of KCl @ 1% during both first and second top dressing, T₆-Soil application of KCl @ 65 kg/ha. Among all the treatments, two number foliar application of KCl @ 1% at 7 days interval during second top dressing including basal application of 45 kg KCl/ ha significantly out yielded the rest of the treatments, highest grain yield was recoded with this treatments. Plant height at 45 DAS, 70 DAS, number of active tiller per heel, test weight of grain , straw yield were influenced by foliar application along with basal application of potassium. This experiment suggested that foliar application of KCl @ 1% at seven days intervals during second top dressing along with basal application of KCl could produce better result in rice production than only soil application.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

023948   PATIL R A, GARG M K, PAWAR K (Processing and Food Engineering Dep, Coll of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Hisar- 125 004, Email: kanikapawar@gmail.com) : Optimization of osmotic dehydration of Aloe vera using response surface methodology. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 614-20.

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum processing conditions that yield maximum water loss and mass reduction and minimum solid gain during osmotic dehydration process of Aloe vera. Sugar concentration (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70^o Brix), process temperature (30,40, 50, 60 and 70^oC) and syrup to fruit ratio (3:1, 4:1,5:1, 6:1 and 7:1) were the factors investigated with respect to water loss (WL), mass reduction (MR) and solid gain (SG). Experiments were designed according to central composite rotatable design with these three factors each at five different levels. The quadratic models were fitted to all responses because of highest R² value. Models developed for all responses were significant without significant lack of fit. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to check the adequacy and accuracy of fitted models. Applying desirability function method, optimum operating condition was found to be sugar concentration 68.25^oBrix, process temperature 60.48^oC and STFR (syrup to fruit ratio) of 6.65. It was predicted the best condition by RSM design for osmotic dehydration of Aloe vera. At this optimum point water loss, mass reduction and solid gain were found to be 93.43, 77.66 and 13.18% respectively.

3 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

023947   CHANDRA K, NANDINI R, PRANESH, KUMAR C B, GOBU R (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi- 221 005, Email: kailash5026@gmail.com) : Improving nutritional security of India through a potential underutilized Legume-Bambara groundnut( Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.). Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 606-10.

Neglected and underutilzed crops could play prominent roles in sustaining the impoverished rural populations by increasing their available food and protein basket and one such important underutilized crop is Bambara groundnut. In Africa, Bambara groundnut is the third most important legume after groundut and cowpea. Its seed is rich in protein containing high lysine and methionine and is considered as a balanced food compared to all other legumes. The present study was carried out duing kharif season of 2014-15. Bambara groundnut varieties SB-42, Uniswa Red, S-165-A, S-193 and nine isolated gamma irradiated stabilized mutants of SB-42 were used for estimation of moisture, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates estimation. Whereas for mineral estimation,only widely adapted variety SB-42 was used in the track of Karnataka. Increased protein percent was observed in all the mutants compared to its control SB-42. Mutant 11 was isolated with highest protein content as well as highest yield (28.96 g/plant). Hence there is a possibility that protein content can be increased through induced mutagenesis. The mineral composition estimated in SB-42 indicated the presence of calcium to be 260 mg/100 g and potassium 1723.25 mg/100g. While iron content was estimated to be 3.6 mg/100 g. Estimation of sodium indicated a value of 75.25 mg/100 g. By supplementing a healthy diet with potassium rich like Bambara groundnut having 1723.25 mg/100 g, patient sufferers from diabetes may improve their sensitivity to insulin, and the effectiveness of hormone. Crop has a combination of low sodium and high potassium which our studies indicated a value of protective sodium to potassium ratio (less than one) that is 0.04 significantly decreases risk of CVD (cardiovascular disease) and all cause mortality.

2 tables, 9 ref

023946   SHARMA G, KUMAR S (Plant Pathology Dep, Coll of Agriculture, Ranikhet, Uttarakhand, Email: geetash30@gmail.com) : Biodiversity among Amanita sp. in the forests of Ranikhet, Uttarakhand, India. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(2), 601-5.

The genus Amanita contains about 600 species of agarics including some of the most toxic known mushrooms found worldwide, as well as some well-regarded edible species. This genus is responsible for approximately 95% of the fatalities resulting from mushroom poisoning, with the death cap accounting for about 50% on its own. The most potent toxin present in these mushrooms is ?? amanitin. Although a few species of Amanita are edible but many fungi experts advise against eating a member of Amanita unless the species is known with absolute certainty. Because so many species within this genus are so deadly toxic, if a specimen is identified incorrectly, consumption may cause extreme sickness and possible death. There found several species of macro fungi called mushrooms in the uncultivated areas like forests during rainy season. Out of these species collected, seven different species were identified belonging to genus Amanita and named as A. caesarea, A. citrina, A. fulva, A. Musacaria, A. solitaria (A. echinocephala), A. vaginata and A. porphyria and are described in the present paper.

1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

023945   AMULE F C, RAWAT A K, CHOUDHARY B K, SAHU R K (Coll of Agriculture, Balaghat, Email: rakesh_sahujbp@yahoo.co.in) : Field efficacy of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria isolates and their impact on crop growth, nutrient content and production of soyabean in vertisol. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 197-200.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have gained worldwide importance and acceptance for agricultural benefits. This is due to the emerging demand for dependence of synthetic chemical products, to the growing necessity of sustainable agriculture within a holistic vision of development and to focalize environmental protection. With these views a field experiment was carried out during kharif of 2009-10 which was the part of continue experiment since 2007-12 with the objective to study the field efficacy of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates and their impact on early vigor of crop growth, nutrient content and production of soybean in Vertisol. These isolates which were preliminary screened and short listed through laboratory and glass house techniques, initially a large number of isolates were isolated from different geographical areas of MP. Efficacy of these isolates was also compared with the USDA isolates, FUI and UFUI. The treatments were laid out in Augmented RBD without replication. To study the field efficacy of PGPR isolates on soybean were observed on early growth parameters, nodulation, yield and NPK content in grain and straw. Outcome of the investigation revealed that PGPR isolates improved seed germination, seedling vigor, seedling emergence and Standing which ultimately reflected to seed yield. Study also suggests that simultaneous Screening of rhizobacteria for growth and yield promotion under field experiment is a good tool to select effective PGPR for biofertilizer development biotechnology. Results very well revealed that the inoculated PGPR isolates playd a synergistic role with native rhizobacteria for promoting of nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation. Among all the tested isolates P₁₃ and P₁₄ were found to be most effective in all respect.

13 ref

023944   SINGH H, REAGER M L, VERMA J K, SINGH S P, KUMAR S (Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural Univ, Bikaner- 334 006, Email: hsagro666@gmail.com) : Growth, yield performance and nutrient content as influenced by intercropping and weed control measures in moth bean. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 193-6.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif of 2014 to study the effect of different weed control measures and intercrops on growth and yield of moth bean. Experimental result revealed that sole moth bean significantly increase the grain and straw yield of moth bean as compared to moth bean inter- cropping with pearl millet. All the weed control treatments viz., hand weeding twice at 20 and 35 DAS, pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha^-1 as pre emergence and imazethapyr 40 g ha^-1 as post emergence significantly increase plant height, dry matter accumulation per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, grain and straw yield of moth bean. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in grain as well as in straw of moth bean were significantly increase with all weed control treatments as compared to weedy check.

2 tables, 6 ref

023943   SINGH H, SWAMINATHAN R, SANP R K (Entomology Dep, Rajasthan Coll of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan, Email: jindra.ento@gmail.com) : Role of insect pollinators in enhancing coriander yield. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 189-92.

The experimental trial on role of insect- pollinators in enhancing coriander yield was conducted during rabi of 2008-09. The extent of pollination on coriander cremocarp characteristics. The cremocarp length and width were significantly more under open pollination than for the rest being 5.47 mm and 4.05 mm, respectively. Consequently, the number of seeds in 5 gram weight was significantly the lowest under open pollination (602.58). The mean weight of 5 plants was the maximum under hand was the lowest under caged conditions. This clearly depicts the positive effect of insect pollinators in augmenting the seed yield of coriander.

2 tables, 12 ref

023942   BENDI R, SARMA N D R K (Genetics & Plant Breeding Dep, Agricultural Coll, Naira, Email: bendi.ravikanth@gmail.com) : Genetics variability and diversity studies on yield and quality traits in finger millet( Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.). Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 185-8.

The present study aims to reveal the importance of some yield and quality traits, genetic variability and diversity existing in the 55 genotypes of finger millet. The coefficient of variation at phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) levels were high for number of basal tillers, peduncle length, inflorescence length, inflorescence width, length of finger, grain yield plant'. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance observed in days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of basal tillers, peduncle length, inflorescence exertion, inflorescence length, inflorescence width, length of finger, number of fingers ear^-1, grain yield plant^-1 which indicates the predominance of additive gene effects. Mahalanobis D² analysis grouped the 55 genotypes into eight clusters. Clustering pattern failed to indicate any relationship between genetic diversity and geographic diversity. Cluster 1 (29) has the maximum number of genotypes followed by II (11), III (9), IV (2) and remaining four were solitary clusters. Among the characters studied calcium content followed by days to 50% flowering contributed maximum towards the total divergence.

6 tables, 5 ref

023941   MEENA M L, SINGH V, VERMA R S, MEENA J K, RAI T (Applied Plant Science Dep, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Univ, Lucknow- 226 025, Email: maheriari@rediffmail.com) : Estimates of genetic parameters for quantitative and qualitative traits in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 180-4.

The present experiment to estimate the genetic parameters for quantitative and qualitative traits in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was carried out during 2011-12. In the present study, 16 genotypes of tomato were evaluated for sixteen quantitative and qualitative characters. The phenotypic variance for all the nineteen characters was found to be higher than the genotypic variance. High phenotypic coefficients and genotypic of variation were observed for Plant bejght, number of leaves per plant. number of flower per plant, number of cluster per plant, number of fruit weight per plant, number of fruit per plant, pericarp thickness, TSS High heritability coupled with high genetic advance observed for these characters imply the potential for crop improvement through selection.

3 tables, 9 ref

023940   SARKAR A, POU V D N, MAITI C S (Horticulture Dep, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Medziphema- 797 106, Email: asarkar1919@rediffmail.com) : Effect of bending, shoot, pruning and girdling for crop regulation in Guava cv Kazi under foot hill in Nagaland. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 177-9.

A field experiment was conducted during 2014-15 on 6 years old guava plant cv Kazi to study the induction of flowers during winter. In order to regulate the cropping pattern, six treatments viz., l. leaf pair pinching from tip (T₁); 10 cm pruning from tip (T₂.) ; 20 cm pruning from tip (T₃); bending of shoot (T₄.); girdling of branches (T₅) and control (T₆) were undertaken. Through the investigation, maximum number of vegetative shootlets (18.75) and reproductive shootlets (6.20) per branches were noticed by bending of shoot and 20 cm pruning, respectively. 20 cm pruning of shoot also showed the highest number of fruit set (3.00) per shootlet and maximum yield (20.97 kg) per plant. Treatment with 10 cm pruning from tip resulted in maximum fruit weight (233.75 g) and highest Vit-C (224.25 mg/ 100g of pulp) in fruit. The highest TSS (10.18 ^oBrix), total sugar (7.71%), moderate acidity (0.341%) and maximum TSS : acid ratio (29.85) in fruit were recorded when the plant received 20 cm pruning from tip.

9 ref

023939   AYYAR S, APPAVOO S (Water Technology Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Email: suganyaayyar@gmail.com) : Effect of graded levels of Zn in combination with or without microbial inoculation on Zn transformation in soil, yield and nutrient uptake by maize for black soil. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 172-6.

Field experiment was conducted in black soils in order to study the Zn transformation in soil, yield and nutrient uptake of maize using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria (ZSB) in combination with graded levels of ZnSO₄, Treatment consisted of two factors viz., microbial inoculation (M₁: control, M₂: AM fungi, M₃: ZSB and M₄: M₂ + M₃) and graded levels of ZnSO₄ (S₁: 0, S₂: 12.5, S₃: 25, S₄: 37.5, S₅: 50 kg/ha^-1 and S₆:0.5% foliar spray @ 45 and 65 DAS) replicated three times in RBD. The results revealed that the microbial inoculation significantly increased the soil available Zn con tent at all stages of observation. Among the graded doses of Zn, the highest available Zn content was recorded with the treatment S₅ followed by S₄, S₃ and S₂ over the control. Increased availability of Zn in soil enhanced the maize grain and stover yield indicating response to added Zn under microbial inoculation. The Zn uptake by maize grain and stover also increased significantly for treatment combination.

4 tables, 10 ref

023938   KUMAR V, MEENA R S, LAICHATTIWAR M A, SINGH P S (Entomology and Agricultural Zoology Dep, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Varanasi- 221 005, Email: lmukesh932@gmail.com) : Seasonal incidence of tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in Gangetic plain of Uttar Pradesh . Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 169-71.

The field experiment was conducted with a view to study the fluctuation of pest population of tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) and their relation with the prevailing weather conditions in kharif season during 2012-13. The results revealed that borer incidence commenced in the 4th week of October 2012 with intensity (0.67 larvae / 5 plants). It was reached its peak population (5.83 larvae / 5 plants) in first week of December. The relationship between fruit borer damage and the major weather parameters was worked out through correlation coefficient studies. Significant negative correlation with maximum relative humidity (r=-0.105) and highly negatively significant with minimum relative humidity (r=-0.438) and mean relative humidity (r= -0.389). The correlation of pest population had positively significant with sunshine hours (r = 0.224) and non-significant with temperature and rainfall.

1 table, 4 ref

023937   KHAN K A, NABI S U, SALEEM M, KHAN N A (Plant Pathology Div, SKUAST-K, Srinagar- 190 025, Email: kamrankhan1202@gmail.com) : Correlation of different weather parameters with blumeriella leaf spot disease development and disease intensity in Kashmir valley . Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 165-8.

Cherry an important temperate fruit found to face a serious threat due to Blumeriella leaf spot disease caused by Cylindrosporiumpadi. Development of disease mostly depends on certain weather parameters like temperatures, average maximum and minimum relative humidity and average rainfall. In the present study, the disease appeared during the first fortnight of June when the average atmospheric temperatures both maximum and minimum were 27.30°C and 8.88°C, respectively, with average relative humidity both maximum and minimum 71.21 and 49.21% and reached the maximum rate during the second fortnight of June which coincided with the favorable temperature, rainfall and relative humidity for its progress. The percent disease intensity on leaves showed positive correlation with average maximum relative humidity and average rainfall. Thus both high humidity, optimum temperature and rains significantly favored the development of Blumeriella leaf spot disease in Kashmir valley.

1 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

023936   VINOD M, PATIL R H (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad- 580 005, Email: madhu19pvinod@gmail.com) : Seasonal incidence of pulse pod borer Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) on soybean and its relation with abiotic factors. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 161-4.

A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2014 to study the seasonal incidence of pod borer E. zinckenella on two extensively grown varieties of soybean namely JS 335 and DSb 21. The results revealed that the population of E. zinckenella was very low on soybean which appeared on 33rd Meteorological Standard Week on JS 335 with the larval population of 0.10 larvae / plant and continued to increase gradually up to 1.0 1/plant on 42nd MSW. While in DSb 21, the infestation appeared on 34th MSW with 0.10 1/plant and attained a peak of 0.701/ plant on 42nd MSW. The highest pod and seed damage in case of JS 335 was observed during 42_nd MSW (5.02 and 4.18%, respectively). However it was 3.28 and 2.25% pod and seed damage, respectively on DSb 21. The correlation studies between E. zinckenella and weather parameters revealed that the larval population of the pod borer exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with the maximum temperature (r=0.73**) on DSb 21. In both the varieties, a highly significant negative correlation (r=- 0.71** and r = -0.79** respectively) was observed with morning relative humidity.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

023935   MANDAL S K, RISO N (Agril Entomology Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswaviyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, Email: skmbckv@rediffmail.com) : Effect of some insecticides on soil fauna. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 157-60.

Laboratory tests were carried out to study the effect of soil application of four granular insecticides namely, rynaxypyr 0.4% G @ 40g a.i. / ha, fipronil 0.3%G @ 75g a.i. / ha, carbofuran 3%G@ 1.0kg a.i./ha, cartap hydrochloride 4%G@1.0kg a.i. /ha, and sprayable formulation of chlorpyriphos (20%EC) @ 500g a.i./ha on soil fauna. Following application, earthworm population reduced up to 15 days in rynaxypyr 4G butup to 30 days in all other treatments. Rynaxypyr 0.4G was safe to collembolans and soil oribatid mites, whereas, chlorpyriphos was safe to the oribatid mites only. All other insecticides reduced the population of collembolans and oribatid mites up to 7 days. The effect of treatments on other meso-fauna (pseudoscorpions, minute sta phylinids) was non-significant.

2 tables, 7 ref

023934   SINGH J P, THAKUR T C (Agricultural Engineering Div, SKUAST, Jammu & Kashmir, Email: jai12123@rediffmail.com) : Design, development and evaluation of subsoiler-cum-organic manure and soil amendments applicator. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 148-56.

A tractor drawn ‘subsoiler-cum-vermicom- post and soil amendments applicator' was designed and developed for application of organic manures either alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers and other soil amendments at desired depth. The developed machine consisted of two main units, i.e., first subsoiling unit and second fertilizer metering and placement unit. These unit which were mounted on a rectangular frame with depth control wheels and category-II hitch system. The subsoiling unit consisted of single vertical leg and food with chisel share and wings for placement of materials in band underneath the wings. The fertilizer application unit consisted of a gear reduction unit (10:1). The metering device was a screw conveyor of 50 mm (pitch), 62.5 mm (diameter) and 610 mm (length) mounted along central vertical axis of a 200 kg capacity fertilizer box through 72.5 mm circular casing behind the leg of subsoiling unit. This machine could wark upto a depth of 0.5 m. The developed machine was tested in the field to observe its performance on mustard crop. The results showed an increase in yield of 22.56% due to higher plant height, plant girth number of siliquae/plant, root length and volume by 13.58%, 37.41%, 115.50%, 200% and 104.97% respectively as compared to conventional method 100% (inorganic) + Mixing in 100 mm depth (Control).

8 Illus, 1 table, 8 ref

023933   TAGGAR M S, SONI R (School of Energy Studies for Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana) : Biodiesel preparation from non-edible Jatropha curcas L. plant oil using Lipase as biocatalyst . Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 142-7.

Three lipases from Candida rugosa, Chromobacterium viscosum and Aspergillus niger were explored as biocatalyst for biodiesel preparation from Jatropha oil. Among the three lipase tested, lipase from Chromobacterium viscosum showed highest activity and specific activity of 53.7 and 1193.0 3 µ mol of free fatty acid liberated / min / ml and µ mol free fatty acid liberated / min / mg protein, respectively. The percent conversion of oil into ethyl ester was maximum i.e. 62.3% with addition of 26 mg of Chromobacterium viscosum lipase as biocatalyst. The studies on effect of ethanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time on lipase catalyzed transesterification revealed that 68.3% conversion of oil into ethyl ester (biodiesel) was reported with ethanol to oil molar ratio of 4 : 1, 26 mg Chromobacterium viscosum lipase at 40°C after 48 h of reaction time.

6 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

023932   MANDAL A B, TAMANG T, MANDAL G S, HAZRA P (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, B C K V, Mohanpur- 741 252, Email: asitbaranmandal.bckv@rediffmail.com) : Study on floral biology of Cucurbita species. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 139-41.

A field trial was made during November to Match 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 to study the floral biology of two species Cucurbita moschata and C. pepo. One genotype each of both the species was chosen as the materials for the study. The study revealed that both species showed monoecious sex form. Using statistical analysis of mean and standard error it was found that it took lesser number of days for visible flower bud to opening of both male and female in C. moschata compared to C. pepo flower from the visible bud stage irrespective of the species. It was found that pollen germinability is higher in C. moschata than C. pepo. In both Cucurbita pepo and C. moschata stigma receptivity was highest at anthesis and reduced sharply two hours after.

1 table, 5 ref

023931   VIJAY, DALAL R P S, SAINI H (Horticulture Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar- 125 004, Email: shotreturns@gmail.com) : Differential response of potassium and its spray schedule on quality parameters of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cv Jaffa under semi-arid conditions of north western India . Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 134-8.

A field study was undertaken to investigate the impact of foliar application of potash and its spray schedule on quality parameters of sweet or ange cv Jaffa during the year 2014-15. The results revealed that foliar application of KNO₃ (at the rate of 2 and 4%) and K₂SO₄, (at 1.5 and 3.0%) exhibited differential response on the quality parameters of sweet orange cv Jaffa. All the treatments of potash increased total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar, non-reducing sugar and reducing sugar over control (water spray) irrespective of harvesting stage. Maximum value of the quality parameters was recorded with K₂SO₄, at the rate of 3% and minimum with control. The quality of all the parameters was found to be improved with the increase in duration after the last spray. Maximum TSS, total sugar, non-reducing sugar and reducing sugar was recorded in the fruit harvested at 45 days after the last spray and minimum when the fruit was harvested at 15 days after the last spray irrespective of treatments. Maximum value of these parameters was observed with the foliar application of K₂SO₄ at 3% recorded at the harvesting stage of 45 days after the last spray. Three sprays of K₂SO₄ at the concentration of 3% done in the last week of April, May and August resulted in maximum improvement in quality parameters.

4 tables,12 ref

023930   CHAKRAVARTY S, AGNIHOTRI M (Entomology Dep, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar- 263 145, Email: snehelbhu@gmail.com) : Seasonal incidence and natural parasitization of leaf webber, Pammene critica Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on pigeonpea. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 128-33.

An experiment was conducted to study the seasonal incidence and parasitization of leaf webber, Pammene critica Meyrick on pigeonpea crop during the year 2013-2014 at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand (India). The activity of P. critica commenced during 37th standard week and it attained peak during 41^st standard week. During the course of investigation one larval solitary endoparasitoid, Apanteles sp. (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) was recorded on P. critica. The peak activity of this parasitoid coincided with peak activity of the insect pest. Correlation studies with different weather variables indicated that the population build-up of P. critica and its larval parasitoid exhibited a significant positive correlation with temperature and average relative humidity. Multiple regression analysis indicated that various abiotic factors contributed 91.2 and 89.2% variation in P. critica population and percent parasitization, respectively.

2 illus, 5 tables,15 ref

023929   GIRI U, NANDA M K, BANDYOPADHYAY P (Agronomy Dep, Coll of Agriculture, Lembucherra- 799 210, Email: utpalagro84@gmail.com) : Response of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) to Levels of irrigation and sulfur . Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 122-7.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of levels of irrigation and sulfur on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield consumptive use (CU) and water use efficiency (WUE) of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) during two consecutive years (2009 and 2010) at Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal during pre-kharif season in a sandy loam soil with 24 treatment combinations (eight irrigation level in main plot and three level of sulfur in sub-plot) in a split plot design replicated thrice. The maximum growth parameters, yield attributes and pod yield were recorded when three irrigations applied at the important physiological growth stages of flowering, pegging and pod filling stage in combination with sulfur applied @15 Kg/ha. The highest CU (639.0 mm) and WUE (6.2 Kg/ha/mm) were recorded under three irrigations applied at flowering, pegging and pod filling stage followed by two irrigations at pegging and pod filling stage.

3 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

023928   SUJATHA K, PRASAD M S L, USHA D, N NARESH, PRASAD R D (Crop Protection Dep, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad-500 030, Email: karengalasujatha@gmail.com) : Assessment of fungicides, botanicals and biocontrol agents for integrated management of Alternariaster leaf blight of sunflower. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 113-21.

Leaf blight of sunflower caused by Alternariaster helianthi is one of the economically important disease. Efficacy of different control methods was evaluated for integrated disease management of sunflower leaf blight caused by A. helianthi under field conditions. Preliminary evaluation of different botanicals, biocontrol agents and fungicides were done separately against Alternariaster leaf blight in in vitro and pot culture conditions. Among biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum (Th10) recorded low leaf blight severity, out of ten botanicals, low disease severity was above selected effective fungicides, botanicals and biocontrol agents are used alone and combination treatments for controlling Alternariaster leaf blight in sunflower. In the field conditions, among the observed with extracts of garlic and among fungicides tested, seed treatment with the iprodione + carbendazim (2g/kg seed) combination followed by spraying of propiconazole (0.1%) showed low leaf blight intensity. Under field conditions, various combinations seed treatment with the iprodione + carbendazim (2g/kg seed) followed by spraying of propiconazole, garlic extract (0.5%) and T. harzianum (0.2%) recorded 43.6% and 64.8% reduction when compared to the pathogen checks in the year 2010-11 and 2011-12 Kharif season field trials respectively.This suggests that integration of botanicals, biocontrol agents and fungicides may be an efficient way to reduce the number of chemical fungicide sprays for controlling Alternariaster leaf blight in sunflower.

4 illus, 4 tables,15 ref

023927   RANI A T, BHANU K R M, CHAKRAVARTHY A K (Entomology Dep, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru-560 065) : Behavioral responses of Banana Pseudostem Weevil, Odoiporus longicollis Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to insect and plant volatiles. Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 106-12.

Odoiporus longicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the most important monophagous pest of banana, suggesting specific volatiles from banana pseudostem may be attractive to this pest. A study was conducted to determine the behavioral response of 0. longicollis adults to male produced chemicals and plant volatiles. Electroantennography (EAG) and behavioral bioassay was conducted us ing different odor sources collected from male weevils and the host plant. The EAG result showed that both male and female produced significantly higher antennal response to male volatile (2.231±0.479 and 1.279±0.157 mV) and its combination with healthy (1.877±0.357 and 1.242±0.118mV) and mechanically damaged pseudostem extract (2.231±0.468 and 1.502±0.234 mV). In the olfactometer study ,percent response of males (ranging from 57.14 to 85.71%) was found to be higher than that of females (ranging from 42.86 to 66.67%) in all the tests. These findings hint a possible role of male produced chemicals along with host plant volatiles in attraction of weevils. Studies are underway to chemically identify the constituents responsible for the attraction of weevils.

1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

023926   SINGH R, BHAGAWATI R, NGACHAN S V (ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, A.P. Centre, Basar- 791 101, Email: singhraghuver@gmail.com) : Ethno-mycological studies and biodiversity of edible and medicinal Mushrooms in West-Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, India . Envir Ecol 2017, 35(1), 102-5.

An ethno-mycological survey was conducted with the aim of documenting the indigenous knowledge of mushrooms as a prelude to conservation efforts. We also sought to assess the mycophilic and mycophobic tendencies of the tribal inhabitants in West Siang District. It was revealed that traditionally, mushrooms were used by ethnic peoples as supplementary food and and medicines. An attempt had been made to study the biodiversity of wild mushrooms, 32 specimens were collected and identified as Agaricus sp., Auricularia auricula-judae, A. deli cate, A. polytricha, Boletus spp., Crinipellis spp., Cantherellus spp., Clavulinopsis spp., Cordyceps spp., Favolus spp., Fomes spp., Fomitopsis pinicola, Ganoderma applanatus, G. lucidum, Inonotus sp., Lepiota spp. Lenzites betulina, Lycoperdon sp., Marasmius spp., Macrolepiota sp., Morchella spp., Oudemansiella spp., Pleurotus spp., Polyporus spp., Russula Spp., Schizophyllum commune Fr., Suillus spp., Schizopora sp., Trametes gibbosa, Volvaria sp., Termitomyces microcarpus and Tricholoma spp. These species were represented by 32 different genera, 20 families and 10 orders. This work also highlights the potential of wild edible mushrooms as supplementary food and needs to be attention towards in-situ conservation of these important species to cater the need of nutritional requirements of the population.

2 tables, 5 ref