004220   Sotiriadis M;Nduna L (NO, Club one, Corner Dely and Albert Street, Hazelwood, SA-0081 Pretoria, SA, Email: sotirm@unisa.az.ca) : Market segmentation of nature-based attractions: a framework for experience of activity-oriented segmentation. J hum Ecol 2014, 46(1), 63-71.

Outstanding natural resources and attractions of South Africa are considered to be the main assets of tourism industry in the highly competitive global tourism market. Typical examples of these attractions and businesses constitute those based on wildlife flora and fauna, including the National Parks, National Reserves and Game Reserves. These attractions are mainly public organisation and private enterprises offering a wildlife experience. One of the main issues and challenges that management of these organisations and businesses need to overcome is better understanding and knowledge of consumer behaviour. This study focuses on the marketing of nature-based attractions and more particularly explores the topic of market segmentation. Using as theoretical framework the strategic marketing, paper examines the main methods of market segmentation. The analysis of the nature-based attractions' offering is performed based on the concept of service experience and adopting two perspectives, that is, guest / visitors and business. The study's aim is to suggest an experience-activity oriented segmentation for wildlife visitor attractions, based on services marketing theory. It is estimated that such segmentation will contribute to improve guest experience and satisfaction, to render marketing communications more effective and, consequently, improve wildlife attractions performance in all fields (environmental, financial and social.

1 illus, 2 tables, 49 ref

004219   Sharma P K;Jamwal S;Khar S;Sanjeev Kumar; Bhat A (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, SKUAST-Jammu, Poonch-185 101) : Estimating price spread and identifying problems in marketing of pear. New Agric 2013, 24(1), 15-21.

Study revealed that the net price received by the selected fanners of Poonch district of J&K was '502.43 per qt. which was about 25.12% of the price paid by the consumers of Jammu market in June 2008. The margin of the contractor and retailer was about 36.71% and 15.84%, respectively in Jammu market. In Rajouri market, however, the contractor and retailer get 34.54% and 15.74%, respectively of the price paid by the consumer. In the local market, the net price received by the producer was 40.34% and 45.37% of price paid by the consumer in two alternate channels. It is also observed that the low per cent of producer's share in consumer's rupee was due to the nonavailability of an organized market in Poonch and therefore, it is suggested that among the top three important constraints, 'absence of organized market' for fruits is the most important constraint in the marketing of pear as perceived by the respondent growers, followed by "lack of finance" and "little marketed surplus". Considering prevailing market conditions, it is suggested that the growers should follow co-operative marketing to make selling easy and more profitable for individual and small farmers. The group marketing will reduce various marketing costs, decrease share of middlemen and will increase producer's share in consumers' rupee. Consequently both producers as well as consumers shall gain.

6 tables, 6 ref

004218   Selvi V D (NO, Rani Anna Government College for Women Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, Email: darlingselvi@rediff.com ) : Repayment performance and the attitude of borrowers towards cooperative sector. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2013, 9(1), 25-35.

Co-operative bank is a financial entity which belongs to its members, who are at the same time the owners and the customers of their bank. The co-operatives in Kanyakumari District play a vital role in the credit scene, particularly, in rural areas. The present paper is an attempt to bring out the borrowings and repayment performance of beneficiaries of cooperative banks in the District and to study the inherent factors behind the causes which lead to default through the attitude of the 100 sample beneficiaries. The study revealed that though the sample respondents displayed attitude regarding the formalities laid down by the co-operatives, they often found it positive difficult to repay the amount due to the farm and non-farm sector failures. It is suggested from the study that through effective recovery measures, marketing strategy and professionalism, the co-operatives can get rid of the default and to proceed towards success by competing with other commercial banks.

8 tables, 13 ref

004217   Sebola M P;Mahlatji S E (Public Administration Dep, Limpopo Univ, South Africa) : Planning and implementation of government strategy for projects in the Limpopo department of economic development, environment and tourism, South Africa. J hum Ecol 2014, 46(1), 1-9.

This paper investigated from the strategic perspective the problem of planning and implementation of projects in the Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism (LEDET) in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The paper argues that lack of coherent link between the planning and implementation of strategy in the Department of Economic Development, Environmental and Tourism is the cause of the department's failure to succeed in promoting economic growth, tourism and the use of environmental management to guide and monitor sustainable development in the province. It is argued that while strategies in the Department are well articulated and elaborated on, they are never translated into concrete and concerted actions to meet the needs of the citizens in the province. This paper therefore used both qualitative and quantitative research approaches to obtain data from relevant units within the LEDET in order to establish the problem of the disconnection between strategic planning and implementation. The paper concluded that the implementation of the strategy can be improved through communication with stakeholders, allocation of sufficient resources, employee empowerment and introduction of appropriate change management processes.

35 ref

004216   Saravanan S;Pradeep Kumar G (Management Studies Dep, Anna Univ, Chennai (BIT-Campus), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu) : Portfolio evaluation using capital asset pricing model. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2013, 9(1), 65-73.

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is used to determine a theoretically appropriate, required rate of return for an asset, if that asset is to be added to an already well-diversified portfolio, given that assets have non-diversifiable risk. The model takes into account the asset's sensitivity to systematic risk, often represented by the quantity, beta, and the expected return of a theoretical risk-free asset. The CAPM says that the expected return of a security or a portfolio equals the rate on a risk-free security plus a risk premium. If this expected return does not meet or beat the required return, then the investment should not be undertaken. The security market line plots the results of the CAPM for all different risks (betas).

5 tables, 23 ref

004215   Saradamma C;Rajasekhar M (Commerce Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati Andhra Pradesh, Email: saradammachembeti@ymail.com) : Impact of social factors on brand loyalty of rural buyers towards bath soap (a case study of Chittoor district in Andhra Pradesh. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2013, 9(1), 9-16.

The Rural India accounts for 53 per cent of total market for FMCG products and stands as a big attraction to their marketers. Brand Loyalty is an important component of rural marketing strategy and it is a major requisite to foster brands' assets. The development of a brand name entails a complex structure which must be understood in order to build a strong brand. This study aims at analyzing the major social factors on brand loyalty of rural buyers towards bath soap. The results of the study highlight the impact of social factors such as reference groups including friends, celebrity and mother, main bread winner in the family and own shopping, affordability, self-decision and interest to lead simple life, on the brand loyalty of rural buyers towards bath soap that they used. It can be concluded that the brands are successful because rural buyers preferred them to ordinary bath soap products.

3 tables, 20 ref

004214   Rajeswari P S;Ravilochanan P (School of Management, SRM Univ, Kattankulathur-603 203, Email: psrajee_2003@yahoo.co.in) : An empirical model on customers' perception in the selection of Indian prepaid mobile services. Indian J Finance 2014, 8(7), 28-40.

India, a leading country in the telecommunication sector, has shown remarkable growth in prepaid mobile subscriptions through rigorous rural penetration. At the same time, the rate of monthly customer attrition is very high when compared with other countries across the globe. Customer churn is very aggressive, particularly in the prepaid segment, when compared with the postpaid segment. Hence, it is decidedly imperative for the mobile operators to comprehend the exact preferences of the customers to select the mobile operators based on prepaid mobile services attributes. Thus, the purpose of the present paper was to examine the reasons for the customers to select specific service providers and to develop a business model based on the operational strategies for the prepaid mobile segment. Descriptive research method was adopted for the present study, and by using a structured questionnaire, the survey method was undertaken. A total of1102 sample respondents from 10 cities across Tamil Nadu participated in the study (using purposive sampling method). The factors related to technology based customer care services, accessibility, roaming charges, network coverage, and call charges were found to be acting as drivers for the customers to select a specific service provider. Based on this analysis, an empirical business model was designed by integrating the respective marketing elements and operational key areas to improve the business portfolio of the mobile service providers. Finally, operational strategies were recommended based on the current market scenario.

1 illus, 6 tables, 19 ref

004213   Rajagopalan U;Sundarasen S D S;Rajangam N (Taylor's Business School, Taylors Univ, Malaysia, Email: usha.rajagopalan@taylors.edu.my) : Equity market volatility-a comprehensive study on selected countries world wide. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2013, 9(1), 1-8.

Equity market is the measure to identify the strength or weakness of any economy and the ups and downs in the market results in upward or downward spiral of the market capitalization in terms of billions. It is worthwhile to study in depth the reasons for such a volatility in the Equity Market. While going into the study of volatility in the Equity Market, factors that influence the volatility would give a more realistic picture surrounding such volatility. This study takes into account two such major factors and tends to arrive at the correlation of the factors to the volatility in the market. The two factors taken into consideration in this study come under institutional arrangement viz., Investors' Protection and Transparency Level. The study was conducted with respect to 55 countries across the globe.

4 tables, 21 ref

004212   Pongiannan K (NO, PG & Research Department of Commerce Government Arts College, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, Email: mkpongiannan@gmail.com) : Evocative appraisal of the traits and values of advertisements in TV and WEB media. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2013, 9(1), 52-9.

Advertising is an inseparable aspect of product promotion. As a promotional strategy, advertising serves as a major tool in creating product awareness and persuades the potential consumers to take eventual purchase decisions. Advertising Media is a means through which advertisers communicate their messages to prospective customers to influence them to know and decide about the product or service advertised. The types of media for advertisement are endless, ranging from banner and balloons to online and mobile advertising. Although all advertising media have common traits, each media of advertisement has its own unique characteristics. More specifically, among the electronic media for advertisements, the Television and Web have peculiar characteristics that make it popular for advertisements. In addition, the values that are imparted through the advertisements in these media also play an important role in the audience's preference for the media and ultimately their purchase decision. Hence this paper discusses the traits and values of advertisements in TV and Web Media.

10 tables, 12 ref

004211   Mudau F N;Kruger J W (Agriculture and Animal Health Dep, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, South Africa Univ, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa, Email: mudaufn@unisa.ac.za) : Students perception on the entrepreneurship curriculum at the university of South Africa's department of agriculture and animal health. J hum Ecol 2014, 46(1), 91-101.

Entrepreneurship continues to assume a vital role in the South African economy as well as the economies of many developing nations across the globe. The creation of new business activities has become a major driver in the economy. South Africa has a high number of unemployed graduates in the agricultural sector across all disciplines. However, there has been a pervasive culture in the South African education system that when agricultural students complete their programmes at universities they prefer to work for government as extension and advisory services personnel, at research institutions and other related sectors. The study was conducted to assess whether the training provided as part of the curriculum creates opportunities for entrepreneurship for both undergraduate and postgraduate students at the University of South Africa (UN1SA) within the Department of Agriculture and Animal Health. Work-integrated learning (WIL) offers students the chance to learn more about the working environment. There is unwillingness on the part of female students to become entrepreneurs. The Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces have a large number of students who are interested in entrepreneurship. The curriculum offers students training in innovation and organisational skills, but it is apparent that this programme does not assist in the development of students to embrace entrepreneurship. Students are not prepared to start their own businesses after completing of their studies, however, they prefer to work full-time while running their own businesses part-time.

6 tables, 18 ref

004210   Mohanamani P;Saranya P (Management Studies [MBA] Dep, Dr. SNS Rajalakshmi College of Arts and Science [Autonomous], Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: pmohana1@gmail.com) : Employee engagement practices in electronics industry in Coimbatore. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2013, 9(2), 53-61.

Employee Engagement is a key variable for organizational success. Employee Engagement is a positive attitude held by the employees towards the organization and its values. Employees feel engaged when they find motivation and personal meaning in their work, get positive interpersonal support and also operate in a work environment that is efficient. The aim of this study is to identify the factors which influence employees most towards their active engagement in the organization. The study was done in the Electronic Industry in Coimbatore. For this purpose, top four firms were selected and 200 employees were chosen as respondents for the study. The work was executed with the help of a questionnaire and factor analysis was used to identify the major factors which influenced employees' engagement in an organization. The results of the study indicate that Importance of Job to the Employees and Good Communication System are the important factors.

5 tables, 19 ref

004209   Meena Kumari Devi;Sarma H P (Economics Dep, Suren Das College, Hajo, Assam) : Kaziranga National Park: challenges and opportunities as an ecotourism destination. Ecol Envir Conserv 2013, 19(2), 525-31.

The paper describes definition of ecotourism and takes up Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India as a case study. Based on data collected from various sources the challenges and opportunities are identified and suggestions are made.

2 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

004208   Lingaraja K (Commerce and Financial Studies Dep, Bharathidasan Univ, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, Email: klingarajaphd@gmail.com) : Lunar effect and stock market. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2013, 9(2), 88-90.

This study discusses the relation between lunar phases and stock market returns. The lunar effects have been validated in the physical and biological sciences. However, until recently such effects have not been largely researched, though not completely ignored in the academic literature of financial economics. This study proposes to examine whether there is a lunar influence on stock prices. Moreover, the lunar effect is independent of other calendar-related anomalies such as the January effect, the day-of-week effect, the calendar month effect and the holiday effect Investors mainly adopt fundamental analysis and/or technical analysis as the approach to security analysis in managing their investment in stock market. However, both the approaches fail to help the investors to determine proper timing of entry and exit from trade. But lunar effect deals with prediction of prices of stocks/index based on planetary positions.

1 illus, 8 ref

004207   Kongawad D P;Boodeppa G K (NO, , C/o. M.H. Bellad, Ravikiran Building, Siddeshwar Nagar, 4th Cross, Sai Nagar, Hubli-31, Email: drakshyani1981@gmail.com) : National family planning programme-during the five year plans of India. J Evolution med dent Sci 2014, 3(19), 5172-8.

India launched a nationwide Family Planning Programmed in 1952. India is the first country in the world to launch such a programme. A separate department of family Planning was created in 1966 in the ministry of health. In 1977, the Janata Government formulated a new population policy ruling out compulsion. The acceptance of the programme was made purely voluntary. Also the Janata government named the FP dept. as department of family Welfare. The allocation for these programmes was just 0.1 crore in First Five year plan. It has increased to 6.3 crores merged with health in the eleventh five year plan.

^iia1 table, 17 ref

004206   Karpagam V (Commerce and Financial Studies Dep, Bharathidasan Univ, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, Email: suryakaru24@gmail.com) : Impact of corporate governance factors on the firm performance of NSE listed companies in India. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2013, 9(2), 72-87.

Corporate Governance has become an important area of enhanced focus for firms the world over on account of various reasons like corporate scandals, increased need for trust and expectations by stakeholders in corporate management as well as the ever increasing role of corporations in the world economy. Though the term, Corporate Governance refers to various important aspects of corporate functioning, good corporate governance refers to high ethical standards that are often demonstrated through high standards of integrity, openness as well as greater transparency and accountability in the decision making process. The main objective of this study is to explore the impact of corporate governance factors on firm performance. This study analysed board structure and performance of listed firms in the National Stock Exchange (CNX Midcap) during the study period. The present study found that corporate governance factors like Board Size, firm Size and Insider Directors create more wealth as the result of better performance.

3 illus, 7 tables, 21 ref

004205   Jayashree J M;Elangovan A (Research Scholar, Madras Univ, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) : Impact of organizational culture on organizational effectiveness-empirical study with reference to SAIL, Salem. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2013, 9(2), 62-9.

Attempt has been made to investigate the impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Effectiveness at Salem Steel Plant. For this purpose, respondents were selected by proportionate random sampling method. In view of the complexity of data, the responses were processed and analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling. After methodical analysis, it was proved that exogenous and endogenous factors fit into the good fit model. It is concluded that all the six variables of Organizational Culture influenced the Organizational Effectiveness. Strengthening the organizational culture could be done through addressing the various components of organizational culture like knowledge about the organizational policy, values and belief, work involvement and interpersonal relationship.

3 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

004204   Irissappane D A;Buvaneswari P (PG & Research Department of Commerce Kacnhi Mamunivar Centre for PG St, (Autonomous), Govt. Institution College with Potential for Excellence, Puducherry) : Students' perception of quality practices in higher learning institutions in Tamilnadu and Puducherry state. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2013, 9(1), 17-24.

This paper has made an attempt to analyze the Students' Perception on NAAC Quality Practices in Higher Learning Institutions in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry States. This study was based on primary data collected through questionnaire administered to 500 students in NAAC accredited Arts &Science Colleges, in both Tamil Nadu and Puducherry States. The quality practices followed in these colleges were tested from the students' viewpoint by using Service Quality Techniques and 't' test. From this study, it is found that the perception of students on NAAC Quality Practices is highly positive in respect of Male Students, Private College Students and Arts Students in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry States.

9 ref

004203   Hariharan S V (Faculty of Management, SRM Univ, Kattankulathur-603 203, Email: vasumathy.s@ktr.srmuniv.ac.in) : Financial sustainability through effective risk management practices. Indian J Finance 2014, 8(7), 18-27.

The contribution of Indian small and medium export firms to the total gross domestic product and employment generation has been commendable. These firms were in the limelight recently because of their currency risk management practices. A few firms were able to manage risks effectively, whereas many firms suffered losses in spite of taking positions in derivatives. The bankers also allegedly mis-sold derivatives to these firms. Against this background, the present study was conducted with randomly selected 330 firms to examine the currency risk management practices of select export firms on three dimensions: exposure management, hedging decisions, and derivative decisions. Through this study, an evaluation was made of their knowledge levels, requirements, and usage of suitable hedging tools apart from analyzing their risk management policies and practices. As the firms varied in their practices, a classification of firms using K-means clustering, based on the strategies used by them, was attempted, resulting in three discriminated groups. A prediction of future group associations of firms with the given risk management outlook, using discriminant analysis, yielded results with 98% accuracy. Profiling the export firms based on their risk management practices could be used by financial institutions, legal advisors, auditors, and so forth to render advice effectively regarding financial products.

10 tables, 20 ref

004202   Geetha D;Selvanayaki M (Commerce Dep, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Wo, Coimbatore-641 043) : Consumer behaviour towards the purchase of laptops. Res Highlight 2014, 24(2), 110-20.

Laptop industry in India is well established and is flourishing fastly. There are various leading brands. A consumer considers many aspects, before buying a laptop. An analysis of the factors influencing the consumer's purchase decision of laptops throws light on their preferences and requirements. This will help the laptop marketers to understand the consumer preferences and to increase their market share. Hence a detailed research study has been conducted on the factors influencing consumers purchase decision of laptops in Coimbatore during 2013. The objective is to find out the factors that influence the purchase of branded laptops and offer suggestions. A sample of 300 laptop customers are selected in Coimbatore. The primary and secondary data were collected. The data was analysed with relevant statistical tools like factor analysis, chi-square test and ranking technique. This study presents practical suggestions to improve laptop features that will help laptop manufacturers to develop brand management strategies and to enhance their sales. The growing laptop industry contributes significantly our economy by supporting efficiently educational and industrial sectors.

1 illus, 6 tables, 8 ref

004201   Christopher J (NO, Sree Narayana Guru College, K.G. Chavadi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: jcchris.76@gmail.com ) : Prominent factors of customer satisfaction on domestic airline carriers in India. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2013, 9(2), 11-16.

Aviation Sector in India is one of the fast growing Sectors in the world but studies towards customer satisfaction in airlines industry are rare. At this juncture, this paper has made an attempt to find out the factors behind the customer satisfaction in this industry, with special reference to domestic airlines in India. For this purpose, the Researcher framed twenty factors which could influence their satisfaction and attempted to find out most influencing factors for customer satisfaction. 500 respondents were selected to give their satisfaction level on the services provided by the domestic airline carriers in India. After the study, it was found that six factors were most influencing towards customer satisfaction towards the services of domestic airlines in India.

1 illus, 7 tables, 21 ref

004200   Chitra M;Kalpana B (School of Management, SRM Univ, Kattankulathur-603 203, Email: chitramuthuraman@gmail.com) : Women entrepreneurs in the beauty industry: is it sustainable?. Indian J Finance 2014, 8(7), 41-55.

Thousands of beauty care service providers have sprung up all over the country in the last decade as the significance of being and looking beautiful is increasing. Though there are a plethora of studies on women entrepreneurship, studies related to women in the beauty industry are not common, and there are hardly any studies that have examined the sustainability of beauty salons run by women entrepreneurs. The present research study was conducted to bridge the gap by suggesting a sustainable model for the beauty salon industry with the objectives to identify the factors that motivated women entrepreneurs to start their beauty salons, to know the reasons for selecting a particular location for opening a beauty salon, to identify the inter - relationship between elements of the business model and sustainability of beauty salons, and to present a sustainable business model. Data were collected from 350 women entrepreneurs in Chennai during October to December 2013 by using the questionnaire method and by adopting the simple random sampling technique. Frequency and percentage analysis were carried out to study the socio-demographic features of the respondents, and factor analysis was used to identify the factors affecting the motivation levels of the respondents. To discriminate the area of operation of beauty salons based on motivational dimensions, discriminant analysis had been employed. Path analysis was employed to study the interrelationship between the elements of the business model and to ascertain the sustainability of the beauty salon business.

2 illus, 9 tables, 30 ref

004199   Chandra H;Selvaraj A (NO, PKR Arts College for Women Gobichettipalayam, Erode(Dt), Tamil Nadu, Email: gobichandrapkr@gmail.com) : Financial health of the selected Indian steel companies. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2013, 9(1), 36-42.

Iron and Steel Industry forms an indispensable part of the large scale Industrial Sector of India. It contributes to 2% of the GDP and 10% of the total industrial output. Further, with a share of approximately 10% of the Iron and Steel Sector, it is amongst the largest contributor to Central Excise. India's rapid economic growth and soaring demand by sectors like infrastructure, real estate and automobiles at home and abroad has put Indian Steel Industry on the global map. The objective of this paper is to analyse the financial health of the selected steel companies in India and offer various suggestive measurements for the improvement of financial health of the steel companies.

2 tables, 14 ref

004198   Alemu A M;Lee J S (Management Dep, SolBridge International School of Business, Uam-ro 128, Dong-gu, Deajeon, 300-814, South Korea, Email: ayem2011@solbridge.ac.kr) : Is currency depreciation always good for improving trade balance? an empirical analysis of selected Asian economies. Indian J Finance 2014, 8(7), 7-17.

The aim of the present study is to investigate how depreciation could affect the export sector in selected Asian countries. The current economic environment makes it difficult to sustain trade balance among developing countries with a flexible exchange rate system among emerging economies. Theoretically, depreciation will bring positive impact on trade balance. However, it is only possible when the sum of the elasticities of demand for export and import goods is greater than unity. Accordingly, the present study first analyzed the effect of depreciation on trade balance among 14 Asian economies and found no evidence that depreciation improves trade balance. This was perhaps due to the fact that exports did not respond as expected, mainly due to the decrease in primary exports as well as manufactured products. An increase in import burden may also affect trade balance. However, the above result was challenged when we focused only on eight Asian countries that are relatively bigger, industrialized, and stable economies, and eventually we found that depreciation improved trade balance among the second group of countries.

2 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

003172   Banerjee G (NO, CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, Email: goutam@cgcri.res.in) : Assessing visibility of research organizations: a fuzzy analytic network process approach. J scient ind Res 2014, 73(5), 283-9.

Fuzzy Analytic Network Process has been used to assess the visibility of research organization. The priority weights of different elements of a proposed 3-layered analytic network model have revealed that collaborative mode of R&D is the best option to enhance the visibility in public funded research. The major elements which influence visibility in such research system are the concern for customers, brand orientation, nodal role to spread innovation and awareness, human faced product and technologies and key word friendly websites. The paper presents a proof of concept which can be further strengthened by value additions in the proposed model.

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

002145   Verma M R;Pandey R;Singh B (Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Email: mrverma19@yahoo.co.in) : Sample allocation procedure for assessment of impact of developmental programmes under linear phase effect. Int J agric statist Sci 2014, 10(1), 225-9.

The determination of the sample sizes is an important aspect for assessment of the impact of the development programmes. Pandey and Verma (2008) and Verma et al. (2012) proposed the sample allocation procedures for evaluation of the impact assessment of development programme and assumed that the cost of selection of each unit is same in all the phases. But, in real life situations the cost of observing the units is not same in different phases. So in the present paper, we have suggested a sample allocation procedure for assessment of the impact of the development programmes when the cost of observing the units varies in different phases and the impact of the phases on the development programmes is linear. The paper concludes with a numerical illustration.

6 tables, 6 ref

002144   Sodha N S;Kushwaha A K;Wadhwa K;Shukla S (NO, , Power Grid Corporation of India Limited) : Renewable generation - tariff mechanism for enabling DSM and DR at consumer level. Wat Energy int 2013, 70(11), 29-34.

Globally there is an increasing concern for energy conservation and generation of clean energy through renewable sources which are abundantly available as against fossil fuel sources which are depleting fast. In India also there is a realisation that for energy security and sustainability there is need to efficiently harness the renewable potential. Present share of renewable in India is around 10% (20 GW) and National Action Plan for Climate Change of Government of India aims for 15 per cent of the national generation to be based on renewable sources by 2020. Initiatives of GOI like JNNSM (Jawahar Lal Nehru National Solar Mission) which envisages deployment of 20,000 MW of solar power by 2022 are directed to facilitate above and around 10000MW of this is planned in 12th five year plan period ending in March 2017. Capacity addition thru grid connected wind and small hydro generation is envisaged to be around 15000 MW and 2100 MW respectively in 12th plan. Besides this, CERC has envisaged an RPO (Renewable Purchase Obligation) mandate for utilities of 10% by 2015 and thereafter increasing @ 1% per year till 2020. These targets are very much in reach considering that officially estimated wind potential in India is around 49 GW, some studies have quoted figures which are way above this estimation. Solar Potential in India is abundant and 5,000 trillion kWh per year energy is incident over India's land area with most parts receiving 4- 7 kWh per sq. m per day. However, compared to Conventional generating resources which are relatively stable, controllable and schedulable the renewable energy sources are intermittent and variable in nature and hence pose challenges to system operators and designers. Renewable Energy sources are influenced by factors such as weather and geographic location that lead to challenges in forecasting their generation and system management. Besides there may also be some errors in load forecast that may alleviate or aggravate the net impact on system operations. Large deployments of solar generation capacity is also saddled by the requirement of expansiveness of deployment of panels over large land areas for generation of a decent quantum of solar energy but which is still a fraction of what we get from conventional generation methods. Hence there is need to look for roof top deployment of solar PV to enable its proliferation. To compensate for the aberrations associated with their efficient integration in the power system efforts are required not only at design and technology level but also at the regulatory level for development of revenue generation and compensation mechanism and also devising innovative execution models for streamlining their integration. Demand Side Management and Demand Response coupled with proficient integration of Distributed solar PV over roof tops could help to buffer variability in supply right from the LT voltage end. This paper presents an approach to facilitate integration of Distributed roof top solar PV and DSM and DR through an aggregator so as to provide utility with a substantial quantum of controllable generation rather than having to deal with numerous controllable loads/generation of miniscule capacity and what are the communication needs to facilitate such integration. A dynamic tariff mechanism for DR along with feed in tariff for solar DER will incentivise and provide a revenue generating option for the consumers and help utilities by way of easing out the load on the system and peak period purchase cost savings.

4 illus, 4 ref

002143   Pahari S (NO, Indian Academy Degree College, Hennur Cross, Hennur Main Road, Bangalore-560 043, Email: susanta2001@yahoo.com) : Science education in India is dwindling: causes and potential remedies. Curr Sci 2014, 106(7), 928-9.

A major section of the students nowadays is drifting away from science education. Some of the past developments in the country along with the poor quality of human resources engaged in the education systems have wreaked havoc in the expansion of science education. Few measures have been taken recently at tertiary level to reverse the trend. Here, I emphasize on the measures which can help build solid foundation in the learning processes at the school level of education system to retain the glory of science education and research.

7 ref

002142   Muralidharan C;Venkatram R (Agricultural and Rural Management Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: muraliabm@gmail.com) : Factors influencing the intention to quit behaviour of specialist officers (agriculture) employed in public and private sector banks : A discriminant analysis approach. Agric Update 2013, 8(4), 527-31.

This paper examined the factors influenced the intention to quit behaviour of Specialist oficers (Agriculture) employed in public and private sector banks. Total sample size of 201 Specialist oficer (Agriculture) form public sector bank and 51 private sector banks were selected and personaly interviewed. Research results revealed that in case of al banks, compensation, job design, pay promotion and work stres were common factors that influenced the intention to quit behaviour. In case of public sector banks, compensation, carer management, transfer, job design, pay promotion, work itself, supervisor, family situation, continuance commitment, health reasons and work stres were strong predictors. However, in case of private sector banks, compensation, work environment, job design, pay, promotion, per presure, achievement of loan targets, and work stres were influenced the intention to quit behaviour. Further, this study brought out he major HR chalenges and isues faced by Specialist oficer (Agriculture) in public and private sector banks. Finaly, some important strategies were sugested to avoid the intention to quit behaviour of Specialist oficer (Agriculture) employed in public and private sector banks.

2 tables, 9 ref

002141   Mazmanoglu A (NO, Istanbul Aydin Univ, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Istatistics Dep, Inonu cad. No : 38, Florya Campus, Sefakoy-Kucukcekmece Istanbul, Tur, Email: adnanmazmanoglu@aydin.edu.tr) : Effect of pre crisis and post crisis economic parameters over the stock exchange index with variance analysis - a case study : Turkey. Int J agric statist Sci 2014, 10(1), 73-82.

Investigated how crisis period factor affected the pre crisis Dynamics and levels of GDP growth rate, the proportion of the monetary shares of the foreigners in stock, central bank's nightly interest rate and capital rate of post crisis economic Dynamics affected the stock index. There can be some uninspectable factors besides these four, we want to test which factor is the most effective of the inspectable factors with a certain probability threshold. Authors will add average rates of 10 observations about five different average economic indicator rates and two different circuits to the project. Authors have thought of applying a two-way Cross Classification model which will be formed from qualitative variables which won't have a single solution. We applied this model like a two-way Linear Model or a two-way Cross Classification

3 tables, 19 ref

002140   Chidambaram R (NO, Government of India, 319, Vigyan Bhavan Annexe, Maulana Azad Road, New Delhi-110 011, Email: rajachid@nic.in) : To become a knowledge economy. Curr Sci 2014, 106(7), 936-41.

To become a knowledge economy, we must seek excellence in basic research (including directed basic research) and applied research. We need enhanced academia-industry interactions and also excellence in R&D-led innovation. All this must be backed by high-quality manufacturing skills. We need an excellent research and innovation ecosystem, whose components are talented young people, high-quality faculty in the education system, adequate funds, strong infrastructure including an e-science infrastructure, appetite for risk-taking, ability to leverage international cooperation to strengthen indigenous initiatives and scientific leaders. We must also remember that 'national development and national security are two sides of the same coin'. The metrics for evaluating the progress of science and technology in the country must also include the achievements of the mission-oriented agencies and the successes in rural technology delivery. India must be prepared to be the first introducer of new advanced technologies. The so-called proven technologies, unless subjected to continuous evolutionary improvements, are often a synonym for obsolete technologies.

15 ref

002139   Bhavita G N;Deshmukh S A (NO, Shri. Shivaji Agriculture College, Amravati, Maharastra, Email: bhavitasanalkumar@gmail.com) : Effect of direct foreign investment in Indian national economy. Agric Update 2014, 9(1), 73-5.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) as a strategic component of investment is neded by India for achieving the economic reforms and maintains the pace of growth and development of the economy. The paces of FDI in lows in India initaly were low due to regulatory policy framework but here is a sharp rise in investment flows from 205 towards because of the new policy has broadened. The study tries to find out how FDI sen as an important economic catalyst of Indian economic growth by stimulating domestic investment, increasing human capital formation and by faciltating the technology transfers. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of FDI on economic growth in India.

1 table, 3 ref

002138   Angaitkar A G;Jnjal V B;Barse K N;Shedge V R (NO, , Extension Education Dep, Amravati, Maharashtra) : Problems faced by rural youths while choosing agriculture as their profession. Agric Update 2013, 8(4), 685-6.

Problems are the factors that limit he atitude or participation proces and hence these can not be overloked. In the present study, problemsfound during pre-testing were structured further mentioned one by one. Frequencies and percentage of each of them were worked out. The study was caried out on problems faced by rural youth while chosing agriculture as their profesion during the year 201-12. Data from 120 respondent's from 10 vilages were colected from Amravati taluka of Amravati district in Maharashtra State and the interpretation and analysis were done.

1 table, 4 ref

001110   Vimala A;Uthulakshmi A P M (Extension & Career Guidance Dep, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-46) : Causes and consequences of family interference with work- a study from Police Sector. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2012, 8(2), 60-5.

In our work environment, work and family pressure are growing quite rapidly among the employees. Work and Family Demand are a known devil in today's life. Employees are experiencing signs of anxiety and burnout. Especially women employees are facing the challenge of balancing their family and work. The present study examines the causes and consequences of family interference with work among the women employees in the Police Sector. Family role characteristics are easured in terms of family demand, family exhaustion and supervisor. The findings reveal that family demand and family exhaustion and family support significantly influence family interference with work of the respondents. Family Demand is the strongest predictor, followed by Family Exhaustion on family interference with work. Family Demand and Family Exhaustion have recorded higher positive direct effect on the dependent variable, family interference with work. The Family Demand also had higher positive, indirect effect through Family Exhaustion on the dependent variable.

3 tables, 8 ref

001109   Venugopal G;Thilagaraj A;Rajan C S (NO, Thiru Kolanjiappar Government Arts College, Vriddhachalam, Tamil Nadu) : Equity analysis of selected oil corporations. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2012, 8(1), 30-8.

study investigated the effect of selected oil corporation share price on Nifty Index and it was found that IOC share price on Nifty Index recorded negative correlation while BPCL and HPCL share price on Nifty Index recorded a positive correlation. Analysis of standard deviation, co-efficient of variation and beta shows that HPCL share price was more stable and low risk than BPCL and IOC. The IOC share investment was risky compared to BPCL and HPCL during the study period. It concludes that selected oil corporations' share - 16 - experienced moderate risk and yielded moderate gain/ loss to the investors due to global crude oil price during the study period.

2 tables, 21 ref

001108   Venkateswar S;Hilborn J (NO, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, USA) : Road map to IFRS convergence in India - realistic or fantasy?. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2012, 8(2), 1-10.

India's convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) was to take place in three phases. Large Companies, included in the Nifty 50, the top 50 stocks listed on the National Stock Exchange, or the Bombay Stock Exchange Sensitivity Index, or that have a net value over Rs.1000 crores ($224 million), were supposed to convert their balance sheets in line with IFRS, beginning April 1, 2011. Despite issuing the IFRS-Converged Standards in February 2011, Indian regulators did not implement the new standard on April 1, 2011. The delay can be attributed to concerns over a lack of resolution on taxation issues. It has been suggested that the date for mandatory convergence could be pushed back to April 1, 2012. However, because changes to IFRS would be implemented in 2013, it could make the switch to IFRS in 2012 a costly waste of energy and resources. In addition, India's proposed Direct Tax Code that is due in 2012 does not reference the IFRS.

2 tables, 23 ref

001107   Velnamby T;Sivhesan S (Dean-Faculty of Management Studies & Commerce, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka) : Determinants of key factors on customer value in Sri Lankan mobile service industries. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2012, 8(2), 11-7.

Customer Value is a very significant concept in marketing but many scholars deal with this concept in different ways. Every mobile service providing organization tries to achieve its objective through the building of Customer Value. Secondary literature reviews and primary data collection methods were used to conduct the study. One hundred and seven customers were selected for this study under convenience sampling. The study reveals that out of six factors, cost reduction and quality improvement are the important factors responsible for Customer Value Creation in mobile service providing industry. This study also suggests some policy initiatives for formulating effective strategy for building Customer Value.

1 illus, 1 table, 40 ref

001106   Srivastava S;Misra R (NO, Jaipuria Institute of Management, NCR Delhi, , Email: Richamisra@jaipuria.ac.in) : Job burnout and organisational commitment relationship: moderating effect of career salience: an empirical study on Indian managers. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2012, 8(2), 18-28.

The study proposes to explore the role of Career Salience as a moderator for the relationship between Job Burnout and Organisational Commitment. Two hundred and fifty middle level managers, belonging to Private Sector Organizations, were studied for the present work. The variables were assessed through three validated instruments. The data were analysed through Descriptive Statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Factor Analysis and Hierarchical Regression Analysis. It was inferred - 15 - from the results that Job Burnout was negatively related to Organisational Commitment and Career Salience moderated the relationship between Job Burnout and Organisational Commitment. By understanding thde relationship between these variables, organisations should try to provide a congerial environment and conduct training programmes to actively manage their Human Capital which is one of the strongest pillars for any organisation.

3 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

001105   Seemaprakalpa (Home Science Extension Education Dep, Institute of HOme Science, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar Univ, Agra, Uttar Pradesh) : Entrepreneurial attributes possessed by women entrepreneur in Agra Nagar Nigam. Agric Update 2013, 8(3), 480-3.

Every person possesses personality atributes; those atributes are exhibited in entrepreneurial world, are known as entrepreneurial atributes. For asesing this, this present study was conducted to know entrepreneurial atributes of 10 women entrepreneur uning both boutiques and beauty parlours in Agra Nagar Nigam. Primary data were colected through entrepreneurial development scale developed by Dr. Surila Agrawal and Dr. Ira Das during year205. Based on nature of data, percentage was used as statistical measure. It can be revealed from the finding that sixty one per cent women entrepreneur were moderate risk takers and ninety eight per cent posesed high achievement motivation. Sixty one per cent women entrepreneurs posesed moderate leadership atribute. Ninety eight per cent were highly clear about themselves. Seventy two per cent women entrepreneurs had high capabilty for persuasion. Sixty five per cent of women entrepreneur had moderate atitude towards other entrepreneurs. Fifty seven per cent of women entrepreneurs had moderate problem solving abilty. With the help of above findings for the welbeing of the entrepreneurial world, Government and non- Government organization should do eforts for polishing atributes through training camps, demonstrations etc. So that entrepreneurial view could be alive and economic balance of the family can be maintained and people could live stresslessly.

6 tables, 12 ref

001104   Seemaprakalpa (Home Science Extension Education Dep, Institute of Home Science, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar Univ, Agra Uttar Pradesh) : Sources and factors of motivation for wome entrepreneurs in agra nagar nigam. Agric Update 2013, 8(3), 364-7.

Motivation is the proces for satisfying inate and acquired motives that activates and directs our behaviour towards our destiny. Therefore, keping in view above facts, this tudy was conducted to know motivating sources and factors of 10 women entrepreneurs runing boutiques and beauty parlour in Agra Nagar Nigam during year 205. Primary data were colected through interview schedule and percentage was used as statistical measure. The study showed that ninety two per cent of entrepreneurs were influenced by self and 71 per cent entrepreneurs motivated highly to earn money. Thirty nine per cent were averagely motivated to earn money. Nine per cent were low motivated due to plenty of money available in the family. To sustain social prestige was the highly motivating factor for 70 per cent entrepreneurs. Twenty five per cent and seven per cent entrepreneurs were averagely and low motivated to it is prestigious things to do and to sustain social prestige, respectively. Twelve per cent and fourten per cent of women - 14 - entrepreneur were highly and averagely motivated to work for community and to employ people, respectively. Eighty five and nine per cent of entrepreneur were highly and averagely motivated due to most convenient job and it does not afect he family life, respectively. To pursue hobies was the highly motivating factor for 87 per cent of entrepreneur. To enhance creativity and to kep myself busy were averagely motivating factor for 29 per cent women entrepreneur. Ido not have educational qualification was low motivating factor for 9 per cent of entrepreneurs. Keping in view above findings/results, Government and non-Governments organisation should lok forward for eradicating dep roted unemployment from the society.For economic balance of country; entrepreneurship should be promoted among women as promoted among men after judging their psychological behaviour. For this, an intervention programme should be planed and executed by various organizations like; DIC, MSME, FICCI and WAWE.

5 tables, 6 ref

001103   Ramachandran A;Gopinathan R (Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Post Graduate Studies, , Puducherry) : Empirical study on the impact of working capital management on profitability: evidence from Indian Sugar Industry. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2012, 8(2), 46-59.

Every organization, whether profit oriented or not, depending upon its size and nature of business needs, requires Working Capital (WC). Efficient WC Management is an integral component of the overall corporate strategy to create shareholders' value. The present study is aimed at analyzing the relationship between the Working Capital Management and the Profitability of Sugar Industry in India. It is proved that there is a significant positive coefficient with CR, INV and ROI at 5% level. Also there is a significant negative coefficient with QR, WCTR and ROI at 5% level. DTR has highly significant negative coefficient at 1% level with ROI. CTR has insignificant positive coefficient with profitability. The overall regression model fit is represented by R2, which is above 50% (0.51).

5 tables, 10 ref

001102   Rajagopalan V;Noyaline A (NO, Sri Venkateswara College of Arts and Science, Peravurani, Tamil Nadu) : Stress management - an empirical analysis. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2012, 8(2), 36-45.

This study is aimed at exploring various strategies adopted by the BPO Personnel to overcome the stress, based on their perception. Stress Management warrants much attention nowadays, particularly in the corporate sector, more so in the IT Sector. While a minimum level of stress is harmless, even necessary to bring out the best in human beings at work, too much of stress will wear the employee out, upset his work life balance and simply damage him totally. The study was based on primary data collected by using pre-structured questionnaire. To evaluate the stress managing strategies, t-test and F - test were used. First, reliability of the items in the scale measuring the Stress Management was evaluated using Reliability/Item Analysis with Csronbach's Akloa Coefficient. Next, Prinicipal Component Method of Factor Analysis, with Varimax Rotation, was used to identify the major characteristics underlying the Stress Management.

6 tables, 11 ref

001101   Pongiannan K (PG & Research Commerce Dep, Government Arts College, Dharmpuri, Tamil Nadu, Email: mkpongiannan@gmail.com) : Effectiveness of creativity and its impact on the value of TV advertisements - a descriptive analysis. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2012, 8(1), 11-20.

Creativity is an art and Creativity in TV Advertisements is often the most brilliant manner of preparing an advertisement copy. They combine the product attributes and the ideas, words and phrases in such a manner that persuades the consumers to buy the product. Creative Advertisements are among the most visible of the marketing strategy and have been the subject of a great deal of attention in the last ten to fifteen years. The present study aims to analyze the effectiveness of such Creative Advertisements in TV media and their impact on the value of advertisements through TV.

10 tables, 6 ref

001100   Nimbalkar S S;Bansode P S (Agricultural Economics Dep, Dr. D.Y. Patil Education Academy P.V.D.P. College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra) : Management of grapes export to UK and Netherland by Abhinav Drakasha Utpadak Sahakari Sanstha, agar in Pune district. Agric Update 2013, 8(3), 371-7.

Grapes (Vits vinifera) belonging to the Vitaceae family, originated in Western Asia and Europe. Grapes can be eaten as fresh and used for making jam, juice, jely, vinegar, wine, grape sed extracts and grape sed oil. Aproximately 71 per cent of world grape production is used for wine, 27 per cent as fresh fruit, and 2 per cent as dried fruit. However, in India, 90 per cent of the grape is used for table purpose, even though wine making has made strides. The rest of the grape is used mostly for aisin. The main two uses for grapes are obviously eating fresh, and for making wine. Grapes were one of the first fruits to be discovered for making into wine; most fruit can, but he discovery of this in grapes was probably acidental. Because grapes were the first fruit o be made into wine, wine has since then most strongly ben asociated with grapes. Grapes can also be dried and turned into raisins, and squezed to make grape juice. Grape seds contain oil which can be used in fodstufs, soap or as a substiute for linsed oil. Grapes ocupy a predominant positon in terms of world fruit production, acounting for about 16 per cent of the global fruit production. Two Districts Pune and Ahmednager were selected for the study under which 17 vilage were taken from Junar, Ambegaon and Sangamner, Parner taluka from these districts of Maharashtra. During this project work, the data were colected from 50 farmers of which 40 were the members and 10 non-members of Abhinav. Information was colected regarding export of grapes by the farmers Grapes had the dominant place in the croping patern of the selected sample farmers. As Thomson, Sharad, Ganesh and Sonaka varieties had high demand in UK and Netherland markets their production and area under them was more. Thomson was the largely cultivated grape variety but Sonaka had the highest productivity in the study area. There was a scope for increasing grapes exports to cent per cent from curent 63.60 per cent of total production.

10 tables, 7 ref

001099   Nandagopal M (CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, , Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, Email: m.nandagopal@ncl.re.in) : Commercializing technologies from universities and research institutes in India: some insights from the US experience. Curr Sci 2013, 104(2), 183-9.

Translating research done in universities and research institutes to products and services in the market takes considerable and sustained effort. Dedicated technology transfer offices (TTOs) and supporting systems are required to achieve this. Starting from attracting the right people, devising flexible models to work with various commercial partners (like large and small companies, start-ups), bringing in external funding to further the - 12 - technology goals, TTOs can perform a crucial role in commercializing academic technologies. Various strategies followed by TTOs in the US universities are analysed and suggestions to improve the technology transfer process in the Indian context are presented.

4 tables, 22 ref

001098   Mu J;Xu L;Pu H (College of Information Engineering and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural Univ, China, Email: lijiaxu13@163.com) : Study on college student credit evaluation and prediction based on RF algorithm. J Digital Inf Mgmt 2014, 12(1), 26-30.

In the increasingly serious environment of employment of college students, he college student credit evaluation model taking into account the the "basic personal situation", "on-campus situation" and "economic situation" is employed in this paper for the purpose of improving the quality of college student credit education more efficiently, and in addition, a college student credit prediction mechanism based on the improved RF algorithm is ut forward, seen from the test result, the accuracy of college student credit prediction of the algorithm is relatively high, and capable to make student credit education more targeted.

2 tables, 12 ref

001097   Mangayarkarasi K;Jayakumar M (Extension Dep, Career Guidance and Students Welfare, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Skill sets expectations for entry level jobs in selected service sectors of employment - HR perspective. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2012, 8(1), 21-9.

Chinese Philosopher, Confucius, stated that the goal of education was to produce men of quality who combined Competence with Virtue. The opportunities for graduates in the Service Sectors, have increased over the past one decade. However, many graduates remain without obs. Current technological and economic changes have created a challenging content for students. The requirements of the World of work identify a number of competencies" expected from university graduates. Globalization has increased the pressure on companies, with an increasing need to effectively manage oneself and one's clients. 'n brief, the institutions should mainly focus on development of (a) Generic Skills) (b) application Skills) and (c) Soft Skills or Life Skills, apart from their subjects. The main objective of this paper is to try to highlight the industry needs expected from graduates such as basic oral and written communication skills, basic computer skills MS Office, Internet, etc(, and a good workplace attitude (commitment and teamwork(. These skills are prerequisites for landing the best available obs. Employability is automatically increased if the students have good professional competencies.

7 tables, 11 ref

001096   Lazar D;Yaseer K M (Commerce Dep, Pondicherry University, Puducherry) : Is capital asset pricing model relevant to Indian stock market?. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2012, 8(1), 66-78.

This study examined the empirical validity of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in the Indian Capital Market by using the data from 70 companies listed in the BSE 100 Index. To test the validity of the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the study used Black, Jensen and Scholes (1972) Methodology and examined the relation between systematic risk and return. From the analysis it was found that there was linear relationship between beta and return and CAPM was validated during the study period. - 11 - Further, the study conducted the test of SML and the test of Non-Linearity and found that beta was linearly related and the data showed weakness in explaining the postulates of CAPM.

3 tables, 48 ref

001095   Haq I U;Rao K C (Banking Technology Dep, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, Email: dept_mbabt@yahoo.co.in) : Long run relationship between spot and futures currency rates: an empirical study on currency markets of India. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2012, 8(2), 29-35.

Paper examines the long term relationship between Spot and Futures (started in August 2008) exchange rate between Indian Rupee and US Dollars for the period January 2010 to December 2011, by using the Johansen Cointegration Analysis. Cointegration Analysis shows that there is a long run relation between Spot and Futures currency rates and according to Granger Causality, Futures Returns lead the Spot Returns.

1 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

001094   Gowri P A;Mariammal M (Management Studies Dep, Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur-628 215, Email: soundargowri@yahoo.com) : Hardiness personality and stress factors among IT professionals in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2012, 8(1), 39-47.

Preoccupation with tight work schedules, offering time bound business solutions to varied and complex problems within deadlines etc., are a typical work life which is characteristic of IT professionals. Enhancing the strength of individuals' internal resource, especially hardiness personality, is assumed to act as a shield while encountering stressful events in occupational life. In Tamil Nadu, most of the IT companies are situated in Chennai. Among top 10 IT Companies, 378 IT Professionals were selected for the study and in this paper, an attempt has been is made to study the relationship between hardiness personality and stress factors of the IT Professionals in Chennai. It is found that the IT Professionals have hardiness personality on the dimensions, `Commitment', `Control' and `Challenge'. Further, the sources of stress, namely `Work Demands', `Career Concerns', `Systems Maintenance', `Role Ambiguity' and `Job Induced Tension' are significantly related to hardiness personality of IT Professionals. `Administrative Tasks' and `Job Dissatisfaction' are negatively correlated to hardiness personality. `Relationship with others' and `Intention to quit' are not significantly related to hardiness personality.

7 tables, 5 ref

001093   Dahiwade P M;Pawar B R;Mane P S (Agricultural Economics Dep, College of Agriculture, Latur, Maharashtra) : Price spread in marketing channels of wheat in Latur district of Maharashtra. Agric Update 2013, 8(3), 476-9.

Study was conducted for estimation of price spread in diferent chanels of wheat production in Latur district of Maharashtra. For the study, about 96 wheat growers were randomly selected with area under wheat was stratified into thre groups like smal (<60>0.40 ha), medium (<62>0.40 to <60>0.80ha) and large (<62>0.80ha) from eight vilages of Renapur tehsil of Latur district. Five wholesalers, five vilage retailers and five town retailers were selected to investigate marketing cost and marketing margin in wheat marketing. The data pertained for year 201-12. The results revealed that, price paid by consumer was the highest as Rs 1818.72 in chanel-II (P-W-TV-TC) in which producer's share in consumer's rupe was 87.41 per cent and price spread was found to be - 10 - Rs 29.02. In chanel-I (P-VR-VC) price paid by consumer was found to be Rs 1659.43 in which producer's share in consumer's rupe was 95.43 per cent and price spread was Rs 75.8. In chanel-I (P-VC) price paid by consumer was Rs 1601.91 in which producer's share in consumer's rupe was 98.74 per cent and price spread was found to be Rs 20.25. Thus, in absolute term, net price received by producer was the highest in channel-III followed by that of in channel-II and channel-I.

5 tables, 9 ref